DE102005061574B4 - Hybrid system of fuel cell and combustion engine - Google Patents
Hybrid system of fuel cell and combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102005061574B4 DE102005061574B4 DE102005061574.0A DE102005061574A DE102005061574B4 DE 102005061574 B4 DE102005061574 B4 DE 102005061574B4 DE 102005061574 A DE102005061574 A DE 102005061574A DE 102005061574 B4 DE102005061574 B4 DE 102005061574B4
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- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- fuel cell
- air
- enriched
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
Kraftfahrzeug mit einem System enthaltend eine Brennstoffzelle (2) und einen Verbrennungsmotor (10), wobei eine mit Stickstoffangereicherte Abluft (7) der Brennstoffzelle (2) an eine Luftzuführungsvorrichtung (8) geliefert wird, die stickstoffangereicherte Luft für einen Verbrennungsvorgang in einer Verbrennungskammer des Verbrennungsmotors (10) liefert, um einen Stickoxidgehalt in einem durch den Verbrennungsvorgang erzeugten Abgas (11) zu reduzieren, wobei die stickstoffangereicherte Abluft (7) der Brennstoffzelle (2) eine Kathodenabluft der Brennstoffzelle (2) ist wobei die Luftzuführungsvorrichtung (8) den Stickstoffgehalt der stickstoffangereicherten Abluft (7) der Brennstoffzelle (2) reduziert, bevor diese an die Verbrennungskammer des Verbrennungsmotors (10) geliefert wird wobei das System einen Kondensator aufweist, der die stickstoffangereicherte Abluft (7) der Brennstoffzelle (2) in Wasser (13) und trockene stickstoffreiche Luft (14) trennt, um die trockene stickstoffreiche Luft (14) an die Luftzuführungsvorrichtung (8) zu liefern.A motor vehicle comprising a system including a fuel cell (2) and an internal combustion engine (10), wherein nitrogen-enriched exhaust air (7) of the fuel cell (2) is supplied to an air supply device (8), the nitrogen-enriched air for combustion in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (10) for reducing a nitrogen oxide content in an exhaust gas (11) generated by the combustion process, wherein the nitrogen-enriched exhaust air (7) of the fuel cell (2) is a cathode exhaust air of the fuel cell (2), the air supply device (8) controlling the nitrogen content of the fuel cell Nitrogen-enriched exhaust air (7) of the fuel cell (2) is reduced before it is supplied to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (10) wherein the system comprises a condenser, the nitrogen-enriched exhaust air (7) of the fuel cell (2) in water (13) and dry nitrogen-rich air (14) separates to the dry nitrogen rich e air (14) to the air supply device (8) to deliver.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hybridsystem bestehend aus einer Brennstoffzelle und einem Verbrennungsmotor.The invention relates to a hybrid system consisting of a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine.
Verbrennungsmotoren enthalten als Abgase Stickoxide (NOx). Unter dem Begriff NOx werden beispielsweise die Gase Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) und Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) zusammengefasst.Internal combustion engines contain nitrogen oxides (NOx) as exhaust gases. By the term NOx, for example, the gases nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are summarized.
Stickstoffdioxid ist ein starkes Reizgas und wirkt auf Schleimhäute, Atemwege und beeinträchtigt die Lungenfunktion. Als Mitverursacher von saurem Regen schädigt NOx außerdem die Vegetation, Gewässer und Böden.Nitrogen dioxide is a strong irritant gas and has an effect on the mucous membranes, respiratory tract and impaired lung function. As a contributor to acid rain, NOx also damages vegetation, water and soil.
Aus
Ferner ist aus
Weiterhin ist aus
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein System zu schaffen, welches eine Reduzierung von Stickoxiden in Abgasen von Verbrennungsmotoren ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a system which allows a reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.
Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe ist dem Patentanspruch 1 zu entnehmen. Vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The solution of the problem is defined in the patent claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Das System (Hybridsystem) gemäß der Erfindung enthält mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle und einen Verbrennungsmotor, wobei eine mit Stickstoff angereicherte Abluft der Brennstoffzelle für einen Verbrennungsvorgang in einer Verbrennungskammer des Verbrennungsmotors genutzt wird, um einen Stickoxidgehalt in einem durch den Verbrennungsvorgang erzeugten Abgas zu reduzieren.The system (hybrid system) according to the invention includes at least a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, wherein a nitrogen-enriched exhaust air of the fuel cell is used for a combustion process in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to reduce a nitrogen oxide content in an exhaust gas generated by the combustion process.
Brennstoffzellen erzeugen neben thermischer und elektrischer Energie Wasser (Wasserdampf) und stickstoffangereicherte Luft. Die stickstoffangereicherte Luft wird gemäß der Erfindung dazu verwendet, um den Stickstoffgehalt einer Luftzufuhr zur Verbrennungskammer des Verbrennungsmotors zu erhöhen, wodurch als Abgase weniger Stickoxide entstehen.In addition to thermal and electrical energy, fuel cells produce water (water vapor) and nitrogen-enriched air. The nitrogen-enriched air is used according to the invention to increase the nitrogen content of an air supply to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, resulting in less nitrogen oxides as exhaust gases.
Speziell wird die Kathodenabluft der Brennstoffzelle inklusive Wasseranteil als Zuluft in die Verbrennungskammer eingeleitet. Der Wasseranteil der Kathodenabluft vermindert zusätzlich die Stickoxide im Abgas der Verbrennungskammer.Specifically, the cathode exhaust air of the fuel cell including water content is introduced as supply air into the combustion chamber. The water content of the cathode exhaust air additionally reduces the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber.
Gemäß einer Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung wird die Kathodenabluft der Brennstoffzelle durch einen Kondensator in Wasser und trockene stickstoffreiche (sauerstoffarme) Luft getrennt. Dem Verbrennungsmotor wird also nur die Kathodenabluft mit vermindertem oder gar keinem Wasseranteil zugeführt.According to a further development of the invention, the cathode exhaust air of the fuel cell is separated by a condenser into water and dry nitrogen-rich (oxygen-poor) air. The internal combustion engine so only the cathode exhaust air is supplied with reduced or no water content.
Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die stickstoffangereicherte Abluft mit einer äußeren Luftzufuhr gemischt, um den Stickstoffanteil der Kathodenabluft von fast 90 vol% zu senken, damit der Verbrennungsmotor noch genügend Sauerstoff zur Verbrennung hat. Die Reduzierung der Stickoxide zeigt bei 79–85 vol% Stickstoff in der Luftzufuhr das größte Potential.According to another embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen-enriched exhaust air is mixed with an external air supply to reduce the nitrogen content of the cathode exhaust air of almost 90 vol%, so that the internal combustion engine still has enough oxygen for combustion. The reduction of nitrogen oxides shows the greatest potential at 79-85 vol% of nitrogen in the air supply.
Im Folgenden werden unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung beschrieben, wobei gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche Komponenten kennzeichnen.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like components.
Die stickstoffangereicherte (und Wasser enthaltende) Luft
Gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel, wie in
Durch Durchführen eines Verbrennungsvorgangs in der Verbrennungskammer des Verbrennungsmotors
Bei Dieselmotoren hat man beispielsweise festgestellt, dass eine Luftzuführung in die Verbrennungskammer mit einem N2 Anteil von 79–82 vol% zu einer Verminderung der NOx im Abgas von über 50% zur Folge hat.In diesel engines, for example, it has been found that air supply into the combustion chamber with an N2 content of 79-82 vol% results in a reduction of NOx in the exhaust gas of over 50%.
Die Funktionen der übrigen Komponenten in
Das erfindungsgemäße Hybridsystem
Obwohl die Erfindung im Vorangegangenen unter Bezugnahme auf bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben wurde, ist es selbstverständlich, dass Modifikationen und Änderungen vorgenommen werden, ohne den Schutzbereich der Erfindung zu verlassen.While the invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Beispielsweise können mehr als eine Brennstoffzelle verwendet werden, um eine Verbrennungskammer eines Verbrennungsmotors mit Stickstoff angereicherter Luft zu versorgen.For example, more than one fuel cell may be used to supply a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with nitrogen-enriched air.
Ferner kann das Hybridsystem nicht nur mit Dieselmotoren eines LKWs, sondern auch mit normalen Benzinmotoren verwendet werden, sofern die Fahrzeuge eine Brennstoffzelle an Bord haben.Further, the hybrid system can be used not only with diesel engines of a truck but also with normal gasoline engines, as far as the vehicles have a fuel cell on board.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- Hybridsystemhybrid system
- 22
- Brennstoffzellefuel cell
- 33
- Luftair
- 44
- Brennstofffuel
- 55
- thermische Energiethermal energy
- 66
- elektrische Energieelectrical power
- 77
- Stickstoff/WasserNitrogen / water
- 88th
- LuftzuführungsvorrichtungAir supply device
- 99
- äußere Luftzuführungouter air supply
- 1010
- Verbrennungsmotorinternal combustion engine
- 1111
- Abgasexhaust
- 1212
- Kondensatorcapacitor
- 1313
- Wasserwater
- 1414
- trockene stickstoffangereicherte Luftdry nitrogen-enriched air
- 1515
- Wasserbenutzungwater use
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005061574.0A DE102005061574B4 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Hybrid system of fuel cell and combustion engine |
US11/613,275 US20070144460A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-20 | Hybrid system of fuel cell and combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005061574.0A DE102005061574B4 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Hybrid system of fuel cell and combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102005061574A1 DE102005061574A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
DE102005061574B4 true DE102005061574B4 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
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DE102005061574.0A Expired - Fee Related DE102005061574B4 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Hybrid system of fuel cell and combustion engine |
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Country | Link |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5330857A (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1994-07-19 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Method of generating high-purity nitrogen gas |
DE10137847A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-06-18 | Gen Motors Corp | Method for operating a fuel cell system in which temperatures in the freezer area of water can occur, and fuel cell system |
DE10133390C2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-06-18 | Audi Ag | Motor vehicle drive system with an internal combustion engine |
-
2005
- 2005-12-22 DE DE102005061574.0A patent/DE102005061574B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5330857A (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1994-07-19 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Method of generating high-purity nitrogen gas |
DE10133390C2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-06-18 | Audi Ag | Motor vehicle drive system with an internal combustion engine |
DE10137847A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-06-18 | Gen Motors Corp | Method for operating a fuel cell system in which temperatures in the freezer area of water can occur, and fuel cell system |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102005061574A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
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Owner name: AIRBUS OPERATIONS GMBH, 21129 HAMBURG, DE |
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Representative=s name: KOPF WESTENBERGER WACHENHAUSEN PATENTANWAELTE , DE Representative=s name: LKGLOBAL ] LORENZ & KOPF PARTG MBB PATENTANWAE, DE |
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R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |