DE102007040925A1 - Thermoplastic compositions with low haze - Google Patents

Abstract

A polymer composition containing from 0.0005 to <0.5% by weight of low turbidity multiwall carbon nanotubes, their use in the manufacture of moldings and the moldings.

Description

polycarbonates belong to the group of engineering thermoplastics. you find versatile applications in the electrical and electronics sector, as a housing material and in applications where special mechanical properties are required. Another big field of application is optical data storage such as the various CD and DVD formats as well as Blu-ray Disc and HD-DVD.

Next the good thermal and mechanical properties are the special optical properties commonly used, for example for spectacles, visors, plates, foils or for the automobile glazing. There are often blacks used to reduce transmission or color control. adversely is that the soot causes turbidity.

task The present invention was therefore to such disadvantages avoid.

It was found to use Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) instead carbon blacks for reduction or color control in polycarbonate compositions used, lead to less turbidity.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) show exceptional mechanical ( "Exceptional High Young's Modulus Observed for Individual Carbon Nanotubes", MMJ Treacy, TW Ebbesen, JM Gibson, Nature 1996, 381, 678 ) and electronic properties ( "Electronic Structure of Atomically Resolved Carbon Nanotubes", JWG Wildöer, LC Venema, AG Rinzler, RE Smalley, C. Dekker, Nature 1998, 391, 59 ; "Atomic Structure and Electronic Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes", TW Odom, J.-L. Huang, P. Kim, CM Lieber, Nature 1998, 391, 62 ). Therefore, both types of nanotubes are already used as fillers for thermoplastic composite materials ( "Carbon nanotubelets. High-strength reinforcing material for composites ", B. Lahr, J. Sandler, Kunststoffe 2000, 90 (1), 94 ).

The incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polycarbonate by means of an extruder is known (eg. M. Sennett, E. Welsh, JB Wright, WZ Li, JG Wen, ZF Ren, Appl. Phys. A 2003, 76, 111 ) ,. Due to the addition of carbon nanotubes to polycarbonates, mainly electronic ("Conductive thermoplastics with carbon black and carbon nanofibrils", T. Braig, D. Joachimi, M. Vathauer, K. Jeschke (Bayer AG), DE 10259498 A1 , 2002; P. Pötschke, AR Bhattacharyya, A. Janke, Eur. Polym. J. 2004, 40, 137. "Melt mixing of polycarbonates with multiwalled carbon nanotubes: microscopic studies on the state of dispersion" ,) and mechanical ( P. Pötschke, TD Fornes, DR Paul, Polymer 2002, 43, 3247. "Rheological behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube / polycarbonate composites." ) Properties of the polycarbonate.

The mentioned documents, however, do not mention the optical Properties of CNT-containing polymer compositions. The described compositions contain at least 0.5 wt .-% CNT.

object The present invention therefore includes polymer compositions Muli Wall Carbon nanotubes in amounts of 0.0005 to <0.5 wt .-%, preferably 0.0008 to 2, more preferably 0.0009 to 0.9, especially preferably 0.001 to 0.2 wt .-%, in particular 0.001 to 0.1 wt .-% (relative on the polymer composition).

object The present invention furthermore relates to the use of the invention Polymer composition for the production of moldings and the from it available moldings.

When Polymers are transparent thermoplastics such as polycarbonate, Polyester, e.g. B. polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, Polysulfones, polyethers, polyolefins such as cycloolefin copolymers, Polystyrenes and polyacrylates. Preferred polymer is polycarbonate. Particularly preferred are transparent polymer compositions.

The Polymer compositions are preferably further characterized that of plates made therefrom by injection molding 4 mm thickness, the turbidity is 0 to 4.61%, measured according to ISO 14782 with a Byk-Gardner Haze-Gard.

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are preferably understood as meaning cylindrical carbon tubes with a carbon content of> 95%, which contain no amorphous carbon. The carbon nanotubes preferably have an outer diameter between 3 and 80 nm, in particular It preferably 5 to 20 nm, on. The mean value of the outer diameter is preferably 13 to 16 nm. The length of the cylindrical carbon nanotubes is preferably 0.1 to 20 .mu.m, more preferably 1 to 10 microns. The carbon nanotubes preferably consist of 2 to 50, more preferably 3 to 15 graphitic layers (also referred to as "layers" or "walls") having a minimum inside diameter of 2 to 6 nm. These carbon nanotubes are also referred to as "carbon fibrils" or "hollow carbon fibers", for example.

The preparation of the MWNT used according to the invention is generally known (cf. US-A 5,643,502 and DE 10 2006 017 695 A1 , Preferably, the preparation according to the in DE 10 2006 017 695 , particularly preferably after that in Example 3 of the DE-A10 2006 017 695 disclosed method).

Thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonates in the context of the present invention are both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates; the polycarbonates may be linear or branched in a known manner.

The thermoplastic polycarbonates including the thermoplastic aromatic polyester carbonates have average molecular weights M _w (determined by measuring the relative viscosity at 25 ° C in CH ₂ Cl ₂ and a concentration of 0.5 g per 100 ml of CH ₂ Cl ₂ ) of 12,000 to 120,000, preferably from 15,000 to 80,000, in particular from 18,000 to 60,000, very particularly preferably from 18,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

One Part, up to 80 mole%, preferably from 20 mole% up to 50 mole% the carbonate groups in the invention suitable Polycarbonates may be represented by aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester groups be replaced. Such polycarbonates containing both acid residues the carbonic acid as well as acid residues of aromatic Containing dicarboxylic acids incorporated in the molecular chain, are referred to as aromatic polyester carbonates. you will be for the sake of simplicity in the present application under the preamble subsumes the thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates.

The Preparation of the invention to be used Polycarbonates take place in a known manner from diphenols, carbonic acid derivatives, optionally chain terminators and optionally branching agents, wherein for the preparation of the polyester carbonates, a part of the carbonic acid derivatives by aromatic dicarboxylic acids or derivatives of dicarboxylic acids is replaced, as specified in the aromatic Polycarbonate carbonate structural units to be replaced by aromatic Dicarboxylic acid ester.

Dihydroxyaryl compounds suitable for the preparation of polycarbonates are those of the formula (2) HO-Z-OH (2) in which
Z is an aromatic radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, which may contain one or more aromatic nuclei, may be substituted and may contain aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicals or alkylaryls or heteroatoms as bridge members.

in der
R⁶ und R⁷ unabhängig voneinander für H, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl-, C₁-C₁₈-Alkoxy, Halogen wie Cl oder Br oder für jeweils gegebenenfalls substituiertes Aryl- oder Aralkyl, bevorzugt für H oder C_l-C₁₂-Alkyl, besonders bevorzugt für H oder C₁-C₈-Alkyl und ganz besonders bevorzugt für H oder Methyl stehen, und
X für eine Einfachbindung, -SO₂-, -CO-, -O-, -S-, C₁- bis C₆-Alkylen, C₂- bis C₅-Alkyliden oder C₅- bis C₆-Cycloalkyliden, welches mit C₁- bis C₆-Alkyl, vorzugsweise Methyl oder Ethyl substituiert sein kann, ferner für C₆- bis C₁₂-Arylen, welches gegebenenfalls mit weiteren Heteroatome enthaltenden aromatischen Ringen kondensiert sein kann, steht.Z in formula (2) preferably represents a radical of the formula (3)

in the
R ⁶ and R ⁷ independently of one another are H, C ₁ -C ₁₈ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₁₈ -alkoxy, halogen, such as Cl or Br, or each optionally substituted aryl or aralkyl, preferably H or C ₁ -C ₁₂ alkyl, particularly preferably H or C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl, and very particularly preferably H or methyl, and
X is a single bond, -SO ₂ -, -CO-, -O-, -S-, C ₁ - to C ₆ -alkylene, C ₂ - to C ₅ -alkylidene or C ₅ - to C ₆ -cycloalkylidene, which with C ₁ - to C ₆ -alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl may be substituted, further for C ₆ - to C ₁₂ -arylene, which may optionally be condensed with further heteroatom-containing aromatic rings is.

wobei
R⁸ und R⁹ für jedes X¹ individuell wählbar, unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder C₁ bis C₆ Alkyl, vorzugsweise Wasserstoff, Methyl oder Ethyl bedeuten und
X¹ Kohlenstoff und
n eine ganze Zahl von 4 bis 7, bevorzugt 4 oder 5 bedeuten, mit der Maßgabe, dass an mindestens einem Atom X¹, R⁸ und R⁹ gleichzeitig Alkyl sind.Preferably, X is a single bond, C ₁ to C ₅ alkylene, C ₂ to C ₅ alkylidene, C ₅ to C ₆ cycloalkylidene, -O-, -SO-, -CO-, -S-, -SO ₂ -
or one for a radical of the formula (3a) or (3b)

in which
R ⁸ and R ^{9 are} individually selectable for each X ¹ , independently of one another denote hydrogen or C ₁ to C ₆ alkyl, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and
X ¹ carbon and
n is an integer from 4 to 7, preferably 4 or 5, with the proviso that on at least one atom X ¹ , R ⁸ and R ^{9 are} simultaneously alkyl.

Examples for dihydroxyaryl compounds (diphenols) are: dihydroxybenzenes, Dihydroxy diphenyls, bis (hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) cycloalkanes, Bis (hydroxyphenyl) aryls, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ethers, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ketones, Bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, 1,1'-bis (hydroxyphenyl) -diisopropylbenzenes, and their nuclear alkylated and nuclear halogenated compounds.

For the preparation of the invention to be used Polycarbonates suitable diphenols are, for example, hydroquinone, Resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyl, bis (hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, bis (hydroxy-phenyl) -cycloalkanes, Bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulphides, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ethers, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ketones, Bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, α, α'-bis (hydroxyphenyl) diisopropylbenzenes, and their alkylated, nuclear-alkylated and ring-halogenated compounds.

preferred Diphenols are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenyl-propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenyl-ethane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,4-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,3-bis [2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-propyl] benzene (bisphenol M), 2,2-bis- (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, Bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) - sulfone, 2,4-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,3-bis [2- (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-propyl] -benzene and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (bisphenol TMC).

Especially preferred diphenols are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenylethane, 2,2-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (Bisphenol TMC).

These and other suitable diphenols are z. Tie US-A 2,999,835 . 3 148 172 . 2 991 273 . 3 271 367 . 4 982 014 and 2,999,846 , in the German Offenlegungsschriften 1 570 703 . 2 063 050 . 2 036 052 . 2 211 956 and 3,832,396 , of the French Patent 1,561,518 in the monograph H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York 1964, pp. 28ff, p.102ff. , and in "DG Legrand, JT Bendler, Handbook of Polycarbonates Science and Technology, Marcel Dekker New York 2000, pp. 72ff." described

In the case of homopolycarbonates, only one diphenol is used; in the case of copolycarbonates, two or more diphenols are used. The used diphenols, as well as all other synthe The added chemicals and auxiliaries may be contaminated with the impurities resulting from their own synthesis, handling and storage. However, it is desirable to work with as pure as possible raw materials.

The to control the molecular weight required monofunctional Chain terminators, such as phenol or alkylphenols, in particular phenol, p-tert. Butylphenol, iso-octylphenol, cumylphenol, their chloroformate or acid chlorides of monocarboxylic acids or mixtures from these chain terminators, are either with the bisphenolate or the bisphenolates fed to the reaction or added at any point in the synthesis, as long as in Reaction mixture still phosgene or Chlorkohlensäureendgruppen are present or in the case of acid chlorides and chloroformate as chain terminators as long as enough phenolic end groups of the forming polymer are available. Preferably however, the chain terminator (s) will be after phosgenation added in one place or at a time if no phosgene more present, but the catalyst has not yet been dosed, or she be in front of the catalyst, with the catalyst together or in parallel dosed to it.

In In the same way, any possible branching or Branching mixtures added to the synthesis, usually but before the chain breakers. Usually, trisphenols, quarter phenols or acid chlorides of tri- or tetracarboxylic acids used, or mixtures of polyphenols or acid chlorides.

Some the branching compounds of three or more as three phenolic hydroxyl groups are, for example, phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptene-2,4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane, 1,3,5-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -benzene, 1,1,1-tri (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane, tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenylmethane, 2,2-bis (4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexyl] propane, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenol, Tetra (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane.

Some the other trifunctional compounds are 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, Trimesic acid, cyanuric chloride and 3,3-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole.

preferred Branches are 3,3-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole and 1,1,1-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane.

The Amount of optionally used branching is 0.05 mol to 2 mol%, again based on moles of each used Diphenols.

The Branching can be done either with the diphenols and the chain terminators be presented in the aqueous alkaline phase, or dissolved in an organic solvent be added before the phosgenation.

All these measures are for the preparation of the polycarbonates the person skilled in the art.

For the preparation of the polyester carbonates suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids are for example orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, Isophthalic acid, tert-butylisophthalic acid, 3,3'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, 3,4'-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis- (4-carboxyphenyl) -propane, trimethyl-3-phenylindane-4,5'-dicarboxylic acid.

From The aromatic dicarboxylic acids are particularly preferred the terephthalic acid and / or isophthalic acid used.

derivatives The dicarboxylic acids are the dicarboxylic acid dihalides and the dialkyl dicarboxylates, especially the dicarboxylic acid dichlorides and the dicarboxylic acid dimethyl esters.

Of the Replacement of the carbonate groups by the aromatic dicarboxylic ester groups is essentially stoichiometric and also quantitative, so that the molar ratio of the reactants is up also found in the finished polyester carbonate again. The installation of the aromatic dicarboxylic ester groups can be both statistically as well as in blocks.

Preferred methods of preparation of the polycarbonates to be used according to the invention, including the polyester carbonates, are the known interfacial process and the known melt moieties method (see eg WO 2004/063249 A1 . WO 2001/05866 A1 . WO 2000/105867 . US-A 5,340,905 . US 5,097,002 . US-A 5,717,057 ).

in the first case serve as acid derivatives preferably phosgene and optionally dicarboxylic acid dichlorides, in the latter Case preferably diphenyl carbonate and optionally dicarboxylic acid diester. Catalysts, solvents, workup, reaction conditions etc. for the production of polycarbonate or Polyestercarbonatherstellung are sufficiently described and known in both cases.

The polycarbonates according to the invention, polyestercarbonates and polyester can be worked up in a known manner and be processed to arbitrary moldings, for example by extrusion or injection molding.

The polycarbonate compositions according to the invention can still the usual for the thermoplastics mentioned Additives such as fillers, UV stabilizers, heat stabilizers, Antistatic agents, dyes and pigments, mold release agents, IR absorbers and flame retardants are added in the usual amounts. It is particularly preferred to use only those that the transparency of the material.

Suitable additives are described, for example, in "Additives for Plastics Handbook, John Murphy, Elsevier, Oxford 1999" , in the "Plastics Additives Handbook, Hans Zweifel, Hanser, Munich 2001" ,

Suitable antioxidants or thermal stabilizers are, for example:
Alkylated monophenols, alkylthiomethylphenols, hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones, tocopherols, hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, alkylidenebisphenols, O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, hydroxybenzylated malonates, aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, triazine compounds, acylaminophenols, esters of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl) butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, esters of β- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid, esters of β- (3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, esters of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, amides of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, suitable thiosynergists, secondary antioxidants, phosphites and phosphonites, benzofuranones and indolinones.

Prefers are organic phosphites, phosphonates and phosphanes, usually those in which the organic radicals completely or partially optionally substituted aromatic radicals.

As thermostabilizer, (2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl) - (2-butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diyl) -phosphite is very particularly preferred:

The Phosphites can be used alone, but also in combination with other phosphorus compounds are used, the others Phosphorus compounds can also be those which have a have different oxidation number of the phosphor. Accordingly, you can z. B. combinations of phosphites according to the invention with other phosphites, with phosphines, eg. B. triphenylphosphine, with Phosphonites, with phosphates, with phosphonates, etc. are used. Phosphines can also be used alone, for example Triphenylphosphine or tritoluylphosphine.

The phosphites used are generally known or prepared analogously to known phosphites, (2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl) - (2-butyl-2-ethyl-propane-1,3-diyl) phosphite is z. B. described in the EP-A 702018 and EP 635514 ,

The contain polymer mixtures according to the invention the phosphorus compound generally in a proportion of 10-5000 ppm, preferably 10-1000 ppm, more preferably 20-700 ppm, most preferably between 50 and 500 ppm.

The addition of the mold release agents, the phosphorus compound and the novel formals to the thermoplastic molding compositions is carried out by way of example and preferably by preparing them after preparation and during the workup of the polycarbonates, for. B. by adding to the polycarbonate Polymerlö solution, or added to a melt of the thermoplastic molding compositions. Furthermore, it is also possible to meter in the components independently in different steps, for. As one of the components during the workup of the polymer solution and the other (s) component (s) in the melt, as long as it is ensured that all components in the production of the end products (moldings) are included.

Very particularly suitable additives are IRGANOX 1076 ^®, and so the group of benzotriazoles 2.1 (so-called. Tinuvins), in particular in mixture with one another as well as triphenylphosphine (TPP).

When Flame retardants C) are suitable: alkali or alkaline earth salts of aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid sulfonamide and sulfonimide derivatives, e.g. B. potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate, potassium diphenyl sulfone sulfonate, N- (p-tolylsulfonyl) -p-toluenesulfimide potassium salt, N- (N'-benzylaminocabonyl) sulfanylimide potassium salt.

Salts which may optionally be used in the molding compositions according to the invention are, for example:
Sodium or potassium perfluorobutane sulfate, sodium or potassium perfluoromethanesulfonate, sodium or potassium perfluorooctane sulfate, sodium or potassium 2,5-dichlorobenzene sulfate, sodium or potassium 2,4,5-trichlorobenzene sulfate, sodium or potassium methylphosphonate, sodium or potassium - (2-phenyl-ethylene) -phosphonate, sodium or potassium pentachlorobenzoate, sodium or potassium 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoate, sodium or potassium 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, lithium phenylphosphonate, sodium or potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate, sodium or potassium 2-formylbenzenesulfonate, sodium or potassium (N-benzenesulfonyl) benzenesulfonamide. Trisodium or tripotassium hexafluoroaluminate, disodium or dipotassium hexafluorotitanate, disodium or dipotassium hexafluorosilicate, disodium or dipotassium hexafluorozirconate, sodium or potassium pyrophosphate, sodium or potassium metaphosphate, sodium or potassium tetrafluoroborate, sodium or Potassium hexafluorophosphate, sodium or potassium or lithium phosphate, N- (p-tolylsulfonyl) -p-toluenesulfimide potassium salt, N- (N'-benzylaminocarbonyl) sulfanylimide potassium salt.

Prefers are sodium or potassium perfluorobutane sulfate, sodium or potassium perfluorooctane sulfate, sodium or potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate and sodium or potassium 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoate and N- (p-tolylsulfonyl) -p-toluenesulfimide potassium salt, N- (N'-benzylaminocarbonyl) sulfanylimide potassium salt very particular preference is given to potassium perfluorobutane sulfate and sodium or potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate.

Also mixtures of the salts mentioned are suitable.

These Organic flame retardant salts are used in amounts of 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight preferably 0.01 to 0.08 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.06 parts by weight and most preferably 0.01 to 0.03 parts by weight (Based on the polymer composition) used in the molding compositions.

In addition, the compositions may contain suitable PTFE blends. These are all physical blends of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) with a layered substance which is compatible with polycarbonate or polyester carbonate and PTFE and obtains the fibril structure of the PTFE chains. Suitable substances are, for example, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN) and polyacrylates. In these blends, PTFE is present in proportions of 20-80% by weight, preferably 20-70% by weight and most preferably 30-60% by weight. Such blends are commercially available for example under the trade name Blendex ^® B449 of GE Specialty Chemicals or Metablen ^® A series of Mitsubishi Rayon. The preparation of the blends is carried out by mixing a PTFE emulsion with an emulsion of the appropriate blend partner. From the resulting mixture, the misery is recovered by a suitable method such as coagulation, freeze drying, spray drying, etc.

Alkali or alkaline earth salts for the production of flame-retardant polycarbonate are known, see for example: US Pat. No. 3,775,367 . 3,836,490 . 3,933,734 . 3,940,366 . 3,953,399 . 3,926,908 . 4 104 246 . 4,469,833 . 4,626,563 . 4,254,015 . 4,626,563 and 4 649 168 ,

• 1. Geeignete Antioxidantien sind beispielsweise:
• 1.1. Alkylierte Monophenole, zum Beispiel 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-Dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-Methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-Tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy methylphenol, Nonylphenole, die in der Seitenkette linear oder verzweigt sind, zum Beispiel, 2,6-Dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol.
• 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenole
• 1.3. Hydrochinone und alkylierte Hydrochinone
• 1.4. Tocopherole
• 1.5. Hydroxylierte Thiodiphenylether
• 1.6. Alkylidenbisphenole
• 1.7. O-, N- und S-Benzylverbindungen
• 1.8. Hydroxybenzylierte Malonate.
• 1.9. Aromatische Hydroxybenzylverbindungen
• 1.10. Triazinverbindungen
• 1.11. Acylaminophenole
• 1.12. Ester von β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, ganz besonder geeignet und bevorzugt ist dabei der Ester mit Octadecanol (IRGANOX 1076 der Ciba Spec.)
• 1.13. Ester von β-(5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen
• 1.14. Ester von β-(3,5-Dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen
• 1.15. Ester von 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylessigsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen,
• 1.16. Amide der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionsäure
• 1.17. Ascorbinsäure (Vitamin C)
• 1.18. Aminische Antioxidantien
• 1.19 Geeignete Thiosynergisten sind zum Beispiel Dilaurylthiodipropionat und/oder Distearylthiodipropionat.
• 2. UV-Absorber und Lichtstabilisatoren können in den erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen in Mengen von 0,1 bis 15 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 8 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse der Zusammensetzung, eingesetzt werden. Geeignete UV-Absorber und Lichtstabilisatoren sind beispielsweise:
• 2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, zum Beispiel 2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-Di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(5'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazol, 2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzo-triazol, 2-(3',5'-Di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorbenzo-triazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-sec-Butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(2'-Hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-Di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-Bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonyl-ethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)carbonyl-ethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-meth-oxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyl-oxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-Dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyl-oxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazol, 2,2'-Methylenbis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; das Umesterungsprodukt von 2-[3'-tert-Butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazol mit Polyethylenglycol 300; [R-CH₂CH₂-COO-CH₂CH₂]₂, wobei R = 3'-tert-Butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-Hydroxy-3'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetra-methylbutyl)phenyl]benzotriazol, 2-[2'-Hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]benzotriazol.
• 2.2. 2-Hydroxybenzophenone
• 2.3. Ester von substituierten und unsubstituierten Benzoesäuren
• 2.4. Acrylate
• 2.5. Nickelverbindungen
• 2.6. Sterisch gehinderte Amine
• 2.7. Oxamide,
• 2.8. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine Es können einzelne dieser Verbindungen oder Gemische derselben eingesetzt werden. Für die Verbindungsklassen 1 und 2 sind Beispiele z. B. in WO 06/012993 genannt.
• 3. Geeignete Metalldesaktivatoren sind zum Beispiel N,N'-Diphenyloxamid, N-Salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazin, N,N'-Bis(salicyloyl)hydrazin, N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazin, 3-Salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazol, Bis(benzyliden)oxalyldihydrazid, Oxanilid, Isophthaloyldihydrazid, Sebacoylbisphenylhydrazid, N,N'-Diacetyladipoyldihydrazid, N,N'-Bis(salicyloyl)oxalyldihydrazid, N,N'-Bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyldihydrazid. Es können einzelne dieser Verbindungen oder Gemische derselben eingesetzt werden.
• 4. Geeignete Peroxidfänger sind zum Beispiel Ester von β-Thiodipropionsäure, zum Beispiel der Lauryl-, Stearyl-, Myristyl- oder Tridecylester, Mercaptobenzimidazol oder das Zinksalz von 2-Mercaptobenzimidazol, Zinkdibutyldithiocarbamat, Dioctadecyldisulfid, Pentaerythrittetrakis(dodecylmercapto)propionat. Es können einzelne dieser Verbindungen oder Gemische derselben eingesetzt werden.
• 5. Geeignete basische Costabilisatoren sind zum Beispiel Melamin, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Dicyandiamid, Triallylcyanurat, Harnstoffderivate, Hydrazinderivate, Amine, Polyamide, Polyurethane, Alkalimetallsalze und Erdalkalimetallsalze höherer Fettsäuren, zum Beispiel Calciumstearat, Zinkstearat, Magnesiumbehenat, Magnesiumstearat, Natriumricinoleat und Kaliumpalmitat, Antimonpyrocatecholat oder Zinkpyrocatecholat. Es können einzelne dieser Verbindungen oder Gemische derselben eingesetzt werden.
• 6. Geeignete Keimbildner sind zum Beispiel anorganische Substanzen, wie Talk, Metalloxide, wie Titandioxid oder Magnesiumoxid, Phosphate, Carbonate oder Sulfate, vorzugsweise von Erdalkalimetallen; organische Verbindungen, wie Mono- oder Polycarbonsäuren und deren Salze, z. B. 4-tert-Butylbenzoesäure, Adipinsäure, Diphenylessigsäure, Natriumsuccinat oder Natriumbenzoat; polymere Verbindungen, wie ionische Copolymere (Ionomere). Besonders bevorzugt sind 1,3:2,4-Bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzyliden)sorbit, 1,3:2,4-Di(paramethyldibenzyliden)sorbit und 1,3:2,4-Di(benzyliden)sorbit. Es können einzelne dieser Verbindungen oder Gemische derselben eingesetzt werden.
• 7. Geeignete Füllstoffe und Verstärkungsmittel sind zum Beispiel Calciumcarbonat, Silicate, Glasfasern, Glasballons, Asbest, Talk, Kaolin, Glimmer, Bariumsulfat, Metalloxide und -hydroxide, Ruß, Graphit, Wollastonit, Holzmehl und Mehle oder Fasern anderer Naturprodukte, synthetische Fasern. Es können einzelne dieser Verbindungen oder Gemische derselben eingesetzt werden.
• 8. Geeignete andere Additive sind zum Beispiel Weichmacher, Gleitmittel, Emulgatoren, Pigmente, Viskositätsmodifikatoren, Katalysatoren, Verlaufmittel, optische Aufheller, Flammschutzmittel, antistatische Mittel und Treibmittel.
• 9. Geeignete Benzofuranone und Indolinone sind zum Beispiel diejenigen, die in U.S. 4,325,863 ; U.S. 4,338,244 ; U.S. 5,175,312 ; U.S. 5,216,052 ; U.S. 5,252,643 ; DE-A-4316611 ; DE-A-4316622 ; DE-A-4316876 ; EP-A-0589839 oder EP-A-0591102 offenbart sind, oder 3-[4-(2-Acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 5,7-Di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-on, 3,3'-Bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-on], 5,7-Di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-on, 3-(4-Acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-on, 3-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzo-furan-2-on, 3-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-on, 3-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-on, Lacton-Antioxidantien wie
  
  Diese Verbindungen wirken beispielsweise als Antioxidantien. Es können einzelne dieser Verbindungen oder Gemische derselben eingesetzt werden.
• 10. Geeignete fluoreszierende Weichmacher sind die in "Plastics Additives Handbook", Hrsg. R. Gächter und H. Müller, Hanser Verlag, 3. Aufl., 1990, Seite 775–789 aufgeführten.
• 11. Geeignete flammhemmende Additive sind Phosphatester, d. h. Triphenylphosphat, Resorcindiphosphorsäureester, bromhaltige Verbindungen, wie bromierte Phosphorsäureester, bromierte Oligocarbonate und Polycarbonate, sowie Salze, wie C₄F₉SO₃ ^–Na⁺.
• 12. Geeignete Schlagzähmacher sind Butadienkautschuk mit aufgepfropftem Styrol-Acrylnitril oder Methylmethacrylat, Ethylen-Propylen-Kautschuke mit aufgepfropftem Maleinsäureanhydrid, Ethyl- und Butylacrylatkautschuke mit aufgepfropftem Methylmethacrylat oder Styrol-Acrylnitril, interpenetrierende Siloxan- und Acrylat-Netzwerke mit aufgepfropftem Methylmethacrylat oder Styrol-Acrylnitril.
• 13. Geeignete antistatische Mittel sind Sulfonatsalze beispielsweise Tetraethylammoniumsalze oder Phosphoniumsalze von C₁₂H₂₅SO^3- oder C₈F₁₇SO^3-.
• 14. Geeignete Färbemittel sind Pigmente sowie organische und anorganische Farbstoffe.
• 15. Verbindungen, die Epoxygruppen enthalten, wie 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylat, Copolymere von Glycidylmethacrylat und Epoxysilane.
• 16. Verbindungen, die Anhydridgruppen, wie Maleinsäureanhydrid, Bernsteinsäureanhydrid, Benzoesäureanhydrid und Phthalsäureanhydrid.
• 17. Als Stabilisatoren geeignete Phosphite und Phosphonites Es können einzelne dieser Verbindungen oder Gemische derselben eingesetzt werden.

These substances are found in many publications, such as Additives for Plastics Handbook, John Murphy, 1999, and are commercially available.

• 1. Suitable antioxidants are, for example:
• 1.1. Alkylated monophenols, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- (α-methylcyclohexyl) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2 , 6-dioctadecyl-4-methyl phenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-methylphenol, nonylphenols linear or branched in the side chain, for example, 2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2 , 4-dimethyl-6- (1'-methylundec-1'-yl) -phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6- (1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl) -phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-one phenol 1'-methyltridec-1'-yl).
• 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols
• 1.3. Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones
• 1.4. tocopherols
• 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers
• 1.6. alkylidene
• 1.7. O, N and S benzyl compounds
• 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates.
• 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds
• 1.10. triazine
• 11.1. Acylaminophenols
• 1.12. Esters of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, very particularly suitable and preferred is the ester with octadecanol (IRGANOX 1076 of Ciba Spec.)
• 1.13. Esters of β- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols
• 1.14. Esters of β- (3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols
• 1.15. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols,
• 16.1. Amides of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid
• 1.17. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
• 1.18. Amine antioxidants
• 1.19 Suitable thiosynergists are, for example, dilauryl thiodipropionate and / or distearyl thiodipropionate.
• 2. UV absorbers and light stabilizers can be used in the compositions according to the invention in amounts of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 3 to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. Suitable UV absorbers and light stabilizers are, for example:
• 2.1. 2- (2'-Hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazoles, for example 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3 ', 5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2 - (5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-5 '- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl) benzo-triazole, 2- (3', 5 '-Di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzo-triazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3'- sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3 ', 5'-di-tert-amyl-2' -hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3 ', 5'-bis (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5' - (2 octyloxycarbonylethyl) phenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-5 '- [2- (2-ethylhexyloxy) carbonylethyl] -2'-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5 '- (2-methoxycarbonylethyl) phenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'- (2-Methoxycarbonylethyl) phenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5 '- (2-octyl-oxyc arbonylethyl) phenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-5 '- [2- (2-ethylhexyloxy) carbonylethyl] -2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy- 5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5 '- (2-isooctyl-oxycarbonylethyl) phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis [4- (1,1,3, 3-tetramethylbutyl) -6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; the transesterification product of 2- [3'-tert-butyl-5 '- (2-methoxycarbonylethyl) -2'-hydroxyphenyl] -2H-benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol 300; [R-CH ₂ CH ₂ -COO-CH ₂ CH ₂ ] ₂ , wherein R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2- [2'-hydroxy 3 '- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -5' - (1,1,3,3-tetra-methyl-butyl) -phenyl] -benzotriazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-3 '- (1,1,3, 3-tetramethylbutyl) -5 '- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) phenyl] benzotriazole.
• 2.2. 2-hydroxybenzophenones
• 2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids
• 2.4. acrylates
• 2.5. nickel compounds
• 2.6. Sterically hindered amines
• 2.7. oxamide,
• 2.8. 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazines. Any of these compounds or mixtures thereof can be used. For the compound classes 1 and 2 examples are z. In WO 06/012993 called.
• 3. Suitable metal deactivators are, for example, N, N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N, N'-bis (salicyloyl) hydrazine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl 4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis (benzylidene) oxalyldihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyldihydrazide, sebacoylbisphenylhydrazide, N, N'-diacetyladipoyldihydrazide, N, N'-bis (salicyloyl) oxalyldihydrazide, N , N'-bis thiopropionyl dihydrazide (salicyloyl). It is possible to use individual ones of these compounds or mixtures thereof.
• 4. Suitable peroxide scavengers are, for example, esters of β-thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl ester, mercaptobenzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis (dodecylmercapto) propionate. It is possible to use individual ones of these compounds or mixtures thereof.
• 5. Suitable basic costabilizers are, for example, melamine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and higher fatty acid alkaline earth metal salts, for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate. It is possible to use individual ones of these compounds or mixtures thereof.
• 6. Suitable nucleating agents are, for example, inorganic substances, such as talc, metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates, carbonates or sulfates, preferably of alkaline earth metals; organic compounds, such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and their salts, for. For example, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate; polymeric compounds, such as ionic copolymers (ionomers). Particularly preferred are 1,3: 2,4-bis (3 ', 4'-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3: 2,4-di (paramethyldibenzylidene) sorbitol and 1,3: 2,4-di (benzylidene) sorbitol , It is possible to use individual ones of these compounds or mixtures thereof.
• 7. Suitable fillers and reinforcing agents are, for example, calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, glass balloons, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wollastonite, wood flour and flours or fibers of other natural products, synthetic fibers. It is possible to use individual ones of these compounds or mixtures thereof.
• 8. Suitable other additives are, for example, plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, viscosity modifiers, catalysts, leveling agents, optical brighteners, flame retardants, antistatic agents and blowing agents.
• 9. Suitable benzofuranones and indolinones are, for example, those described in US 4,325,863 ; US 4,338,244 ; US 5,175,312 ; US 5,216,052 ; US 5,252,643 ; DE-A-4316611 ; DE-A-4316622 ; DE-A-4316876 ; EP-A-0589839 or EP-A-0591102 or 3- [4- (2-acetoxyethoxy) phenyl] -5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- [4- (2 -stearoyloxyethoxy) phenyl] benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis [5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (4- [2-hydroxyethoxy] phenyl) benzofuran-2-one], 5,7 -Di-tert-butyl-3- (4-ethoxyphenyl) benzofuran-2-one, 3- (4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) -5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3 (3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl) -5,7-di-tert-butylbenzo-furan-2-one, 3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one on, 3- (2,3-dimethylphenyl) -5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, lactone antioxidants such as
  
  These compounds, for example, act as antioxidants. It is possible to use individual ones of these compounds or mixtures thereof.
• 10. Suitable fluorescent plasticizers are those in "Plastics Additives Handbook", ed. R. Gächter and H. Müller, Hanser Verlag, 3rd ed., 1990, pages 775-789 listed.
• 11. Suitable flame-retardant additives are phosphate esters, ie triphenyl phosphate, resorcinol diphosphoric acid esters, bromine-containing compounds such as brominated phosphoric acid esters, brominated oligocarbonates and polycarbonates, and salts such as C ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ ^- Na ⁺ .
• 12. Suitable tougheners are butadiene rubber grafted with styrene-acrylonitrile or methyl methacrylate, ethylene-propylene rubbers grafted with maleic anhydride, ethyl and Butylacrylatkautschuke with grafted methyl methacrylate or styrene-acrylonitrile, interpenetrating siloxane and acrylate networks with grafted methyl methacrylate or styrene-acrylonitrile.
• 13. Suitable antistatic agents are sulfonate salts, for example tetraethylammonium salts or phosphonium salts of C ₁₂ H ₂₅ SO ³ or C ₈ F ₁₇ SO ³ .
• 14. Suitable colorants are pigments as well as organic and inorganic dyes.
• 15. Compounds containing epoxy groups, such as 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and epoxysilanes.
• 16. Compounds, the anhydride groups, such as maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid anhydride and phthalic anhydride.
• 17. Suitable phosphites and phosphonites as stabilizers It is possible to use some of these compounds or mixtures thereof.

Especially preferred are tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (Irgafos ^® 168, Ciba-Geigy), or triphenylphosphine.

The Polymer compositions according to the invention can on conventional machines, for example on extruders or Injection molding machines, to any shaped bodies, or molded parts, to films or plates, are processed in the usual way.

Possible applications of the polycarbonate molding compositions according to the invention are safety disks, which are known to be required in many areas of buildings, vehicles and aircraft, and as shields of helmets. Production of extrusion and solution foils for displays or electric motors. Production of Blask bodies (see for example U.S. Patent 2,964,794 ). Production of translucent panels, in particular of hollow panel panels, for example for covering buildings such as railway stations, greenhouses and lighting installations. For the production of traffic light housings or traffic signs. As translucent plastics containing glass fibers for lighting purposes (see for example DE-A 1 554 020 ). Goggles or lenses for photo and film cameras (see for example DE-A 2 701 173 ). As electrical insulating materials for electrical conductors and for connector housings and connectors. As carrier material for organic photoconductors. For the production of lights, z. B. headlamps, as so-called "head-lamps" or scattered light panels or lamp covers. For housing, such. B. Electrical distribution cabinets, electrical appliances, household appliances. Components of household articles, electrical and electronic devices. For the production of motorcycle and protective helmets. Automotive parts, such as glazings, sunroofs, dashboards, body panels and shock absorbers. For other applications, such. As stable mast doors or animal cages.

Particularly preferred applications are:
Safety windows, translucent panels or moldings for the construction sector, in particular hollow panel panels, safety windows, light-diffusing panels and lamp covers, sun roofs and automotive parts.

Examples

As MWNT is Baytubes ^® DP HP, Bayer MaterialScience AG, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany, is used. They consist of 3-15 graphitic layers, which have a smallest inner diameter of 2-6 nm, the lengths of the tubes are 1 to 10 microns and their outer diameter is between 5 and 20 nm (mean 13-16 nm).

The used carbon blacks were from the Degussa AG Dusseldorf, Germany (Flammruß 101) and the Cabot Corp. Boston, MA, USA (carbon black FW1 pearled).

A bisphenol A based linear polycarbonate having an MVR of 12 cm ^3/10 min., Measured according to ISO 1133 (300 ° C, 1.2 kg), was prepared by compounding with a ZSK 32 (Fa. Paul Beer KG, Kassel, Germany) with the contents given in Tables 1 to 4 to the above-described MWNT and carbon blacks (based on the polycarbonate composition). The compositions are listed in Tables 1 to 4 together with the optical data of the compounds.

The Optical measurements were made on injection molded specimens of dimensions 60 × 40 × 4 mm with optical surfaces over made the thickness of 4 mm.

The Transmittance values were in the range of visible light (380-780 nm) on a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 900. The determination of Haze values were determined according to ISO 14782 (ASTM D 1003) on a Byk-Gardner Haze-Gard.

The following tables each compare the same amount of dye. Table 1: degree of filling 0.001% by weight Baytubes ^® DP-HP Color black FW1 pearls Flame soot 101 example 1 Example 2 Comparison Example 3 Comparison Transmission [%] 79.5 85.4 87.8 Haze [%] 0.41 0.6 1.2 Table 2: degree of filling 0.005% by weight Baytubes ^® DP-HP Color black FW1 pearls Flame soot 101 Example 4 Example 5 Comparison Example 6 Comparison Transmission [%] 62.5 72.0 80.6 Haze [%] 0.79 1.00 4.60 Table 3: Filling degree 0.025% by weight Baytubes ^® DP-HP Color black FW1 pearls Flame soot 101 Example 7 Example 8 Comparison Example 9 Comparison Transmission [%] 17.1 28.0 51.4 Haze [%] 1.77 3.60 20.20 Table 4: degree of filling 0.100% by weight Baytubes ^® DP-HP Color black FW1 pearls Flame soot 101 Example 10 Example 11 Comparison Example 12 Comparison Transmission [%] 0.1 0.9 9.4 Haze [%] 4.61 12.0 57.20

In Tables 1 to 4 contrast the advantages of the MWNT the Russians clearly. Compared to the Baytubes DP-HP (examples 1, 4, 7, 10) show the carbon blacks FW1 pearls (Examples 2, 5, 8, 11) and flame black 101 (Examples 3, 6, 9, 12) used with the same concentration a significantly higher Turbidity.

It shows that at identical fill levels containing the MWN Polycarbonate compounds the strongest decrease in Show transmission and with the associated cloudiness below the values found for the carbon blacks. This means that with a required transmission through the use of carbon nanotubes instead of carbon blacks the desired light transmission with simultaneous lowest possible turbidity of the material and under Use of relatively little amount of the dye can be achieved.

For molded parts which are to have, for example, a transmission of about 80-85%, the following Table 5 shows that PC compositions containing MWNT have a significantly lower turbidity than those containing carbon black. Table 5: Comparison of similar transmission values Baytubes ^® DP-HP Color black FW1 pearls Flame soot 101 Example 13 Example 14 Comparison Example 15 Comparison filling level 0.001% by weight 0.001% by weight 0.025% by weight Transmission [%] 79.5 85.4 80.6 Haze [%] 0.41 0.6 4.60

In Example 14, the carbon black FW1 shows bubbled compared with Baytubes ^® DP HP with the same degree of filling a greater turbidity at higher transmission values.

In Example 15, the Flammruß 101 101 shows a much greater turbidity compared to Baytubes ^® DP-HP and requires a much higher degree of filling to obtain comparable transmission values.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

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• US 4649168 A [0058]
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• US 5216052 [0059]
• US 5252643 [0059]
• - DE 4316611 A [0059]
• DE 4316622A [0059]
• - DE 4316876 A [0059]
• EP 0589839A [0059]
• EP 0591102A [0059]
• - US 2964794 [0062]
• - DE 1554020 A [0062]
• DE 2701173A [0062]

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Claims (11)

Polymer composition containing 0.0005 to <05, wt.% Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes Composition according to claim 1 containing 0.0008 to 2 wt.% Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes Composition according to claim 1 containing 0.0009 to 0.9 wt.% Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes Composition according to claim 1 containing 0.001 to 0.2 wt.% Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes Composition according to one of previous claims, wherein the polymer is selected is from at least one of the group of polycarbonates, polyesters, Polysulfones, polyolefins, polystyrenes and polyacrylates. Composition according to claim 5, wherein the polymer is polycarbonate. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that produced therefrom by injection molding Plates of 4 mm thickness, the turbidity 0 to 4.61% (measured according to ISO 14782). Use of the polymer compositions according to claim 1-7 for the production of molded parts. Moldings available from polymer composition according to claim 1-7. Safety discs, plates or moldings available for the construction sector from polymer compositions according to claim 1-7. Hollow panels, safety discs, scattered light discs, Lamp covers, sunroofs and automotive parts according to claim 9th