DE102012016332B4 - Method for controlling and / or regulating a volume flow, a bulk material or bulk goods, in particular mineral bulk materials, waste materials, raw materials or materials or apparatus for carrying out the aforementioned method - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for controlling and / or regulating a volumetric flow (V.) of a bulk material (2) or of bulk materials, in particular mineral bulk materials, of waste materials, of raw materials or of materials, wherein a first and a second conveying means (3, 4) are provided in which the bulk material (2) is supplied to the first conveying means (3) and the conveying speed (v1) of the first conveying means (3) is controllable, the bulk material (2) being conveyed from the first conveying means (3) to the second conveying means (4). is transported and this happens a material-breaking edge (5), wherein the bulk material (2) by means of the second conveying means (4) is supplied to a working machine and wherein the working machine supplied volume flow (V.) of the bulk material is substantially constant, and wherein the conveying speed (v2) of the second conveying means (4) is controllable, characterized in that at the material-breaking edge (5) by means of a first op The current volume flow in the region of the second conveying means (4) is determined with the aid of a second optical measurement, wherein in the end region (3c) of the first conveying means (3) Material Abbruchkante (5) is formed and provided for this area for realizing a first optical measurement, a first laser camera system (7) and arranged accordingly that in the region of the second conveying means (4) for realizing a second optical measurement, a second laser Camera system (8) is provided and arranged accordingly, and that in the event that in the second optical measurement fluctuations in the flow rate in the central region of the second conveyor (4) are determined, the conveying speed (v2) of the second conveyor (4) so is controlled, that these fluctuations to be supplied to the working machine, at the end, in particular at a demolition edge (9) of the second conveying means (4) to be delivered to the working machine substantially constant volume flow (V. ) then be smoothed accordingly.

Description

The invention relates to a method for controlling and / or regulating a volume flow of a bulk material or bulk materials, in particular of mineral bulk materials, waste materials, raw materials or materials according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for controlling and / or Regulation of a volume flow of a bulk material or of bulk materials, in particular of mineral bulk materials, of waste materials, of raw materials or of materials, operating according to the aforementioned method and according to the features of claim 8.

In the prior art, suitable sorting machines are used in the treatment of bulk materials, in particular solid waste materials, raw materials or mineral bulk materials. For such sorting machines, there is a special requirement on the nature of the delivered bulk material stream (material flow). The bulk material stream or material flow conveyed to the sorting machine must or should fulfill certain properties. This primarily counts first of all that the volume flow (V) supplied to the sorting machine should be as uniform as possible, namely as constant as possible. Furthermore, this volume flow (V) should be as close as possible to a maximum volume flow (V _max ), namely the volume flow value that can be processed by the sorting machine, so that the sorting machine can also operate optimally under economic aspects. Finally, however, this maximum permissible volume flow (V _max ), that is to say the maximum permitted volume flow for the sorting machine, must never be exceeded, since otherwise disturbances in the sorting machine or the corresponding working machine could occur.

The hitherto known in the art work machines, especially sorting machines (eg., Automatic Klaubung, NE Scheider) are currently mostly fed by the following processing chain or performing the following process steps: First, the bulk material or the material is in a heap (heap ), in which case a wheel loader doses parts of the heap in a bunker. A conveyor or a Förderagregat then promotes the debris or parts of the heap from the bunker out. At best, the known Förderagregate / funding run at the same constant speed, at best controls or regulates a man "to visual impression" the conveying speed of the conveyor / Förderagregates to ensure the most uniform volume flow / material flow. From this, mostly controlled by the people on the visual impression conveyor the bulk material or the material then passes on a riser / conveyor belt and optionally on other funding to the working machine, in particular to the sorting machine.

In the method or the corresponding device described above, it is not yet optimal for the control / regulation of the volume flow to be dependent on the visual impression of the respective person controlling the conveyor. In this way, no maximum efficiency can be realized, in particular the maximum possible volume flow ( _Vmax ) is very difficult to estimate subjectively by a human individual, so that corresponding loading errors can occur here, leading to disruptions and / or delays in the operation of the sorting machine and thus can lead to corresponding costs and an increased workload or maintenance.

Thus, other methods and devices for controlling / regulating volume flows in bulk solids are known in the prior art. That's how it shows DE 28 41 494 C2 a method and a device for controlling the volume flow of granular, fibrous and / or Blattartigem Good, namely tobacco, in which initially a cache is refilled with tobacco when a minimum amount of storage of tobacco in the cache is no longer available. The amount of tobacco present in the buffer is measured by appropriately provided light barriers, wherein the buffer is filled when the minimum quantity is exceeded and a filling stops when a certain amount of tobacco is reached again in the buffer. After the buffer is arranged a first and a second conveying means, which are each designed as a conveyor belt. At the lower end of the buffer, the tobacco reaches the first conveying means and from here to the second conveying means. The first and second conveying means is controlled so that the second conveying means emits a mass-constant, therefore substantially constant volume material flow / material flow. For this purpose, the conveying speed of the first conveying means is controlled as a function of the mass of the bulk material discharged to the second conveying means, but the second conveying means is operated at a constant conveying speed.

Furthermore, in the prior art, a control / regulation of mass flows / volume flows in bulk solids is known ( US 4 729 442 A ), where granular or powdery products from a storage bunker first pass to a first conveyor and then to a second conveyor. The second conveyor forms a dosing, wherein by means of weighing scales or with the aid of strain gauges the weight of the Products on the second funding is determined. So is out of the DE 695 11 956 T2 a method for controlling and / or regulating a mass flow for supplying a rotary kiln, wherein the amount of product is continuously weighed on a conveyor, which is equipped with a counting scale. Furthermore, from the DE 42 00 770 A1 a method and a device for determining the filling capacity of tobacco material is known, wherein the tobacco stream is realized by means of a conveyor belt. The mass flow of the tobacco material is determined by measuring the height profile of the tobacco stream by means of a laser scan. Finally, that describes DE 34 45 429 A1 a sorting plant for sorting dry industrial waste, where a conveying means is controlled such that the height of a volume flow transported on another conveying means remains substantially the same in order to facilitate the sorting of the refuse.

However, in the previously described methods or in the devices described above, it is disadvantageous that the bulk material located on the first or on the second conveying means is determined with the aid of a belt scale / mass balance. This means that the bulk material can only be detected when it has already come to rest on the first or on the second funding. Furthermore, for example, in the DE 28 41 494 C2 of disadvantage that the second conveyor is operated at a constant conveying speed, so that then in the event that material or mass fluctuations occur, these fluctuations can no longer be optimally balanced, in particular it can then come to corresponding fluctuations in the flow and just no optimally constant volume flow with this device known in the prior art can be realized.

The invention is therefore based on the object, the known in the prior art method or known device to design and further that the control / regulation of the flow is improved, in particular a substantially constant flow without major fluctuations, in particular realized without large gaps is, so that the disturbances of a downstream machine and the associated costs, in particular the associated maintenance is reduced accordingly.

The above-indicated object is now - for the method - solved by the features of claim 1. Furthermore, the above-mentioned object - for the device - solved by the features of claim 8, wherein the device operates according to the features of claim 1.

The conveying speed of the second conveying means is controllable, wherein the conveying speeds of the first and second conveying means are controllable and / or controllable with the aid of the control and / or regulating unit, so that the volume flow of the bulk material fed to the working machine is substantially constant.

The fact that initially also the second conveying means, namely the conveying speed of the second conveying means according to adjustable, d. H. can be controlled or regulated, fluctuations in the flow can now be smoothed so that a constant volume flow can be achieved. The disadvantages described above are avoided and corresponding advantages are achieved, in particular disturbances of the working machine are avoided, so that the associated maintenance and costs are correspondingly reduced and the performance (throughput) of the sorting process is optimized. An essential aspect, which will be explained in more detail below, is that the bulk material passes on the way from the first to the second conveying means a material-breaking edge, where then an optical measurement for measuring the local current flow is realized, in which case the local current volume flow and / or the upcoming material abort amount is currently determined. Based on the measured value thus determined, in particular based on the imminent current abort material quantity, the conveying speeds of the first and second conveying means can be optimally controlled or adjusted, so that - in the end - a constant specific volume flow from the second conveying means to the respective working machine , in particular to a sorting machine can be dispensed or the sorting machine can be fed. This may be explained in detail below.

There are now a variety of ways to design the inventive method and the device according to the invention in an advantageous manner and further. For this purpose, reference may first be made to the claims subordinate to claim 1. In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings may now be explained in more detail. In the drawing shows

1 a schematic representation of the device according to the invention, namely the first and second conveying means in a schematic representation of the side, and

2 a schematic representation of a flowchart for illustrating the implementation of the corresponding method steps.

Before discussing the corresponding process steps in more detail, may in the following with reference to 1 first the device 1 or whose essential components are explained in more detail:
The 1 shows a device for controlling and / or regulating a volume flow V. a bulk material 2 or of corresponding bulk materials. In 2 is (top right) the flow rate V. shown schematically with an arrow. As bulk material 2 or bulk materials are, in particular, mineral bulk materials, for example coal, ores or the like, but also waste materials, for example from waste management, in particular electrical and / or electronic articles, as well as earth, sand or corresponding mixtures thereof, as well as other materials, for example raw materials , With the term "bulk material" is therefore a "good" or a "mixture / mixture" of respective goods known, which are preferably formed as solid and which are transported according to the usual wheel loaders, especially with a vibratory conveyor and / or a conveyor belt and / or relocate.

The device 1 now has a first and a second funding 3 and 4 on. This here in the 1 illustrated first funding 3 is especially as a vibratory conveyor 3a trained and has a drive 3b on. The conveying speed v _{1 of} the first conveying means 3 is about the drive 3b accordingly adjustable, ie controllable or adjustable.

As the 1 shows or should represent, here is the bulk material 2 from a wheel loader, not shown, on the first conveyor 3 , as a dosing conveyor or as a vibratory conveyor 3a is formed, stored and then with the first funding 3 from left to right with the help of the drive 3b transported. The conveying speed v _{1 of} the first conveying means 3 is in 1 shown schematically with an arrow.

From the first subsidy 3 gets the bulk material 2 to the second funding 4 , falls at the end of the first subsidy 3 on the second funding 4 as a conveyor belt 4a , Is designed in particular as a climbing conveyor belt, such as from 1 seen.

Here is the first and second funding 3 and 4 now formed and / or arranged so that a material-breaking edge 5 is realized. This material demolition edge 5 is here at the first funding 3 essentially through the end region 3c of the first conveyor 3 formed, namely by the area from where the bulk material 2 or the material from the first conveyor 3 on the second funding 4 then falls down. Here, the material-breaking edge 5 depending on the specific training of the first funding 3 be formed differently. It is conceivable that the material demolition edge 5 then through the definitive end edge of the first conveyor 3 is defined. It is also conceivable, however, that the material demolition edge 5 by a specific area just before this end edge of the first conveyor 3 as area to be measured within the end area 3c is determined. This depends on the specific design of the first funding 3 , in particular whether or not the first subsidy 3 as a vibratory conveyor 3a or is designed as a conveyor belt. It is crucial that the material demolition edge 5 as a specific area at the end or in the end area 3c of the first conveyor 3 is defined.

With the help of the second conveyor 4 becomes the bulk material 2 then a not shown here in detail work machine, in particular a processing machine, not shown here, preferably conveyed to a waste processing machine or a sorting machine. Well visible in 1 (top right) is the volume flow V schematically. shown at the end of the second conveyor 4 , namely at the end of the conveyor belt 4a then the appropriate machine is supplied. It is also obvious that the second funding 4 a corresponding drive 4b having.

Furthermore, the device 1 a control and / or regulating unit 6 on, which is schematically in 2 is shown, which will be discussed in more detail below.

To perform appropriate measurements, here the optical measurements is in the end 3c of the first conveyor 3 For realizing a first optical measurement, first a first laser camera system 7 provided or arranged. In addition, in the middle region of the second conveyor 4 to realize a second optical measurement, a second laser camera system 8th provided or arranged accordingly. Both laser camera systems 7 and 8th are here designed and / or executed in particular as a laser triangulation system and for the transmission of the respective measured values to the control and / or regulating unit 6 connected in terms of circuitry, as in 2 is shown schematically.

It is conceivable that other measuring systems, ie measuring devices other than the laser camera systems shown here 7 and 8th However, these two measuring systems have proven to be particularly advantageous, which may be explained in more detail below in the description of the method steps.

In particular, now each laser camera system 7 respectively. 8th one line laser each 7a respectively. 8a and a camera 7b respectively. 8b on.

The control unit 6 is now circuit technology with the respective drives 3b and 4b the first and second conveying means 3 and 4 connected. Due within the control unit 6 calculated values become these drives 3b and 4b now so of the control unit 6 controlled and / or regulated, so that the work machine, not shown here in detail, the second funding 4 is downstream, but a substantially constant, specific volume flow V. through the second conveyor 4 is supplied.

This is realized by also the conveying speed v _{2 of} the second conveying means 4 is controllable, wherein the conveying speeds v ₁ and v _{2 of} the first and second conveying means 3 and 4 with the help of the control and / or regulating unit 6 be controlled and / or regulated so that the working machine supplied volume flow V. of the bulk material 2 is substantially constant.

For this purpose, the control and / or regulating unit 6 a memory and a processor unit, wherein the conveying speeds v ₁ and v _{2 of} the first and second conveying means 3 and 4 with the help of one in the control and / or regulating unit 6 stored computer program can be controlled or regulated. Preferably, the drives 3b and 4b designed as electric motors and the control and / or regulating unit 6 can be controlled or regulated accordingly, so that the conveying speeds v ₁ and v _{2 of} the first and second conveying means 3 and 4 each are individually adjustable or controllable.

With the help of the computer program are now those of the first and second laser camera system 7 and 8th transmitted measured values MW ₁ and MW ₂ , in particular in real time evaluable and the drives 3b and 4b the first and second conveying means 3 and 4 now in particular in real time based on this evaluation controlled or regulated.

The device shown here 1 is therefore considered a "feed system" for the supply of bulk material 2 , formed by bulk materials or material to a work machine or may be arranged accordingly, the downstream machine preferably as a sorting or processing machine, preferably for waste electrical and / or electronic type and for "shredded", crushed metals, crushed wood material , shredded plastic, minced minerals, crushed rubble or for shredded primary materials (ores) may be formed, this depends on the particular application.

The following may now with reference to the 1 and on the 2 the corresponding process steps are described in more detail:
First, the device 1 or in the method decisive that not only the conveying speed v _{1 of} the first conveyor 3 , but also the conveying speed v _{2 of} the second conveying means 4 can be adjusted or controlled and / or regulated, thereby decisive advantages can be realized, namely a constant volume flow V. of the bulk material 2 be ensured to a working machine, not shown here.

At the material demolition edge 5 that at the end of the first funding 3 is realized, a first optical measurement is now carried out to determine the local current flow there, wherein the local imminent material removal amount is determined with the aid of this first optical measurement.

With the provided laser camera system 7 namely with the line laser 7a and the camera 7b becomes areally the material demolition edge 5 , namely the local current area of the bulk material 2 measured and the measured value MW ₁ is the control and / or regulating unit 6 fed. Due to the fact that the currently formed surface of the bulk material 2 at the material demolition edge 5 with the help of the laser camera system 7 is measured, this measured value MW _{1 of} the control and / or regulating unit 6 is supplied, wherein the control and / or regulating unit 6 which also includes the conveying speed v _{1 of} the first conveying means 3 knows, then can the control and / or regulating unit 6 arithmetically on the at the material demolition edge 5 to draw conclusions about the current volumetric flow or to calculate it accordingly. The laser camera system 7 So transmits to the control and / or regulating unit 6 the corresponding measured value MW ₁ , as well as from the 1 and 2 visible or shown schematically there.

In addition, in the area of the second conveyor 4 the local current flow, especially in the central region of the second conveyor 4 subjected to a second optical measurement, namely the local current flow determined using a second optical measurement. This is done via the laser camera system 8th namely via the line laser 8a and the local camera 8b Measure this area accordingly, as well as off 1 apparent and the respective measured value MW ₂ is the control and / or regulating unit 6 fed, like out 2 seen. This second optical measurement with the help of the laser camera system 8th is similar to the first optical measurement. With the help of the line laser 8a are essentially the elevations of the bulk material 2 on the conveyor belt 4 Measured transversely to the conveying direction and with the camera 8b detected, the corresponding measured value MW ₂ is the control and / or regulating unit 6 transmitted. From this can be the control unit 6 because these are the drive 4b controls and knows the current conveying speed v ₂ , also the respective in the measuring range of the line laser 8a calculate current volumetric flow and then - in the end - the drive 4b to control so that the flow rate V., At the end of the second conveyor 4 is discharged, is substantially constant.

The measured values MW ₁ and MW ₂ determined from the first and second optical measurements are then in the control and / or regulating unit 6 at, wherein the control and / or regulating unit 6 has a main memory and a memory unit and a corresponding stored there computer program. With the aid of the algorithms stored there, the control and / or regulating unit regulates 6 now the conveying speed v ₁ and v _{2 of} the first and the second conveying means 3 and 4 or controls these so that the work machine not shown here in detail a substantially constant, specific volume flow V. through the second conveyor 4 can be supplied, namely at the end of the second conveyor 4 , in particular at the local demolition edge 9 is delivered. Basically, this control now works as follows:
In case, if at the material demolition edge 5 a currently determined over a predetermined amount of material aborted material larger demolition amount is determined, the conveying speed v _{1 of} the first conveyor 3 reduced. This has the advantage that the second funding 4 not overburdened with excessive amounts of material.

In case, if at the material demolition edge 5 If a smaller amount of material that has actually been determined via a previously determined amount of material removal is determined, the conveying speed v _{1 of} the first conveying means is determined 3 increased. This serves to ensure that there are no major gaps in the flow of material to the second conveyor 4 arise.

Furthermore, in case, if at the material demolition edge 5 no material abort amount is currently determined or can be determined, ie a "gap" on the first subsidy 3 is existent, then the conveying speed v _{1 of} the first conveyor 3 possibly increased so that a material gap in the region of the second conveyor 4 is avoided, or such a material gap is at least as low as possible or low. This serves to ensure that the conveying speed v _{2 of} the second conveying means 4 does not need to be increased unnecessarily.

In the event that in the second optical measurement, ie in the measurement using the second laser camera system 8th now fluctuations in the current volume flow in the middle region of the second conveyor 4 are determined, the conveying speed v _{2 of} the second conveyor 4 now controlled so that these fluctuations to achieve one of the working machine / processing machine to be supplied to the demolition edge 9 of the second funding 4 To be delivered to the working machine constant flow V. then be smoothed accordingly to the goal of a constant volume flow V. at the end of the second conveyor 4 to achieve or realize accordingly.

Preferably, therefore, the delivery speeds v ₁ and v _{2 of} the first and second conveyor are now 3 and 4 controlled so that for the known maximum value of the possible volume flow V. _max , which can be supplied to the corresponding working machine, the then realized constant volume flow V. almost this maximum value V. _max also corresponds to achieve a good result in terms of cost-effectiveness.

With the help of the laser camera systems realized here 7 and 8th For example, particularly good measurements can be achieved in practice, and thus also particularly good measured values. With the help of the line laser 7a and 8a becomes substantially perpendicular from above to the first and on the second conveyor 3 and 4 and transverse to the conveying direction, a corresponding light beam using the line laser 7a respectively. 8a projected onto the bulk flow. This is then from a respective camera 7b respectively. 8b , which is inclined at an angle of 5 to 20 degrees to the axis of the laser, the corresponding image is recorded. From these resulting images, one can see the height distribution of the currently at the material demolition edge 5 adjacent material or the distribution of the material in the central region of the second conveyor 4 well measured. Both laser camera systems 7 and 8th operate essentially according to the same principle, wherein due to the measured values MW ₁ and MW ₂ and with knowledge of the respective conveying speed v ₁ and v _{2 of} the first conveyor 3 or of the second conveying means 4 Then with the help of these measured values (depending on the location of the measurement), it is then possible to draw conclusions about the current volume flow there.

The conveying speeds v ₁ and v _{2 of} the first and second conveying means 3 and 4 be in accordance with a set of rules, in particular a computer program that in the control unit 6 is stored, controlled accordingly. The corresponding method steps are shown schematically in FIG 2 shown.

As already explained at the outset, preferably bulk solids / goods designed as solids are used 2 with the device according to the invention 1 transported or measured. These can be bulk materials 2 consisting of a continuous same material or material or bulk materials 2 consisting of different materials / materials, this depends on the particular application.

With the aid of the system according to the invention, a constant volume flow V. generated or realized. The first subsidy 3 is preferably with the help of a wheel loader or a separate metering unit, the corresponding bulk material 2 supplied, wherein the second conveying means 4 then the bulk material 2 one in 1 not illustrated and in 2 only schematically indicated work machine feeds.

The device 1 or the method described above is suitable essentially for all known bulk materials which are in particular laser-reflective, ie enable a diffuse reflection of a laser beam, in order in particular to carry out the preferred measuring method, namely laser triangulation.

In the following, specific exemplary embodiments with corresponding data / measured values (etc.) for the method or for the device may be specified:
As bulk material or bulk solids are quite different bulk materials into consideration, for example, a mixture of bricks, concrete pieces, metals (reinforcements), wood and composites of these individual aforementioned materials.

It may well be that the bulk density of each piece of bulk material varies considerably, since the water content and the nature of the connections between the materials can lead to a different density of the individual pieces of bulk material.

Since at the work machine or on the sorting machine a constant volume flow V. must be present, an estimate of this volume flow through a mass flow determination, in particular by weighing and / or by the arrangement of measuring carriages is difficult. Therefore, the "optical measurement" described hereinabove is with the aid of the first and second laser camera systems 7 and 8th very advantageous.

With the help of optical measuring methods, in particular the first and second laser camera system 7 and 8th It is therefore also possible to measure individual pieces or individual pieces of bulk material material which have an edge length of between 5 mm and 200 mm, whereby the range between the 5 and 95 percentile ("probability of distribution of the bulk material pieces in the bulk material") substantially is 20 to 60 mm. The material, ie the bulk material to be transported here, is partly dry and partly moist and therefore has a partly clean and partly dusty surface.

The first subsidy 3 and the second funding 4 have in the event that they are designed as a vibratory conveyor or as a conveyor belt, a working width of substantially 800 to 1000 mm. Their conveying speed can be controlled or regulated, the first conveying means 3 a conveying speed v ₁ between 0 m / s or 0.5 m / s and the second conveyor 4 a conveying speed v ₂ between 0 m / s and 2 m / s may have. The dosage, ie the initial transport of the bulk material 2 to the first funding 3 takes place in particular with a wheel loader, as already mentioned.

The laser camera systems 7 and 8th have a refresh rate of vzw. 500 frames per second. At a maximum conveying speed of 2 m / s (ie 2 mm / millisecond), a resolution of 4 mm per profile measurement in the conveying direction can be achieved. The cameras 7b and 8b have a resolution of vzw. 640 × 480 pixels, so that transversely to the conveying direction a resolution of vzw. about 1.25 mm per pixel or by vzw. 1.5 mm per pixel can be achieved. Thus, in the end, each object of the bulk material 2 be recorded accordingly well.

The control unit 6 or the computer program stored here or the algorithm stored here realizes a specific control. The control takes place essentially in particular in the millisecond cycle. In each millisecond, the corresponding detection patterns over a period of several milliseconds for the corresponding measured values MW ₁ and MW ₂ (volume per light section), by the laser camera systems 7 and 8th be measured, evaluated and compared with a database in which specific detection patterns are stored. As part of a calibration, a suitable control reaction is stored in the database for each detection pattern. The values for the control response, in turn, consist of a control pattern for the control of the two conveyors 3 and 4 for the following next milliseconds or for a certain period of time. The creation of the individual patterns (recognition patterns and matching control patterns) can be done, for example, by a "supervised learning" in which a person attempts to control the bunker via an encoder, which is monitored by computer technology. Through the comparison, the averaging and the frequency interpretations of these patterns (recognition patterns and matching control patterns), the method can be optimized.

The enforcement amount, ie the volume throughput of the device 1 to a working machine, in particular to a sorting machine (with vzw. 120 cm working width) is at 30 m ³ / h on average.

As a result, the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided and realized a variety of advantages.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contraption

2

bulk

3

first funding

3a

vibratory Feeders

3b

drive

3c

end

4

second funding

4a

conveyor belt

4b

drive

5

Material escarpment

6

Control control unit

7

first laser camera system

7a

line laser

7b

camera

8th

second laser camera system

8a

line laser

8b

camera

9

scarp

V.

flow

v ₁

Conveying speed of the first conveyor

v ₂

Conveying speed of the second conveying means

MW ₁

reading

MW ₂

reading

Claims (15)

Method for controlling and / or regulating a volume flow (V.) Of a bulk material ( 2 ) or of bulk materials, in particular of mineral bulk materials, of waste materials, of raw materials or of materials, a first and a second conveying means ( 3 . 4 ) are provided, wherein the bulk material ( 2 ) the first funding ( 3 ) and the conveying speed (v ₁ ) of the first conveying means (v ₁ ) 3 ) is controllable, whereby the bulk material ( 2 ) from the first grant ( 3 ) to the second grant ( 4 ) and in this case a material break-off edge ( 5 ) happens, whereby the bulk material ( 2 ) with the aid of the second conveyor ( 4 ) is supplied to a working machine and wherein the working machine supplied volume flow (V.) Of the bulk material is substantially constant, and wherein the conveying speed (v ₂ ) of the second conveyor ( 4 ) is controllable, characterized in that at the material-breaking edge ( 5 ) is determined by means of a first optical measurement of the current volume flow there and / or the imminent aborted material quantity, that in the area of the second conveying means ( 4 ) the current volume flow there is determined with the aid of a second optical measurement, wherein in the end region ( 3c ) of the first funding ( 3 ) the material demolition edge ( 5 ) is formed and for this region for realizing a first optical measurement, a first laser camera system ( 7 ) and arranged correspondingly, that in the region of the second conveying means ( 4 ) for realizing a second optical measurement, a second laser camera system ( 8th ) and is arranged accordingly, and that in the event that in the second optical measurement fluctuations in the flow rate in the central region of the second conveyor ( 4 ), the conveying speed (v ₂ ) of the second conveying means ( 4 ) is controlled so that these fluctuations to achieve the machine to be supplied to the machine, at the end, in particular at a demolition edge ( 9 ) of the second funding ( 4 ) to be delivered to the working machine substantially constant volume flow (V.) Then be smoothed accordingly. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective optical measurement is carried out by means of a laser triangulation. Method according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the measured values (MW ₁ , MW ₂ ) of a control and / or regulating unit determined from the first and second optical measurements ( 6 ). Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the control and / or regulating unit ( 6 ) the conveying speed (v ₁ , v ₂ ) of the first and second conveying means ( 3 . 4 ) such that the work machine has a substantially constant, specific volume flow (V) through the second conveying means (V). 4 ) is supplied. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for the case when at the material-breaking edge ( 5 ) is determined over a previously determined amount of material aborted currently larger material removal amount, then the conveying speed (v ₁ ) of the first conveyor ( 3 ) is reduced. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the case when at the material break-off edge ( 5 ) is determined over a previously determined amount of material removal currently determined smaller amount of material aborted, then the conveying speed (v ₁ ) of the first conveyor ( 3 ) is increased. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for the case when at the material-breaking edge ( 5 ) no material ablation amount is currently determined, then the conveying speed (v ₁ ) of the first conveying means ( 3 ) is increased so that a material gap in the region of the second conveyor ( 4 ) is avoided or such a material gap is low. Contraption ( 1 ) for controlling and / or regulating a volume flow (V.) of a bulk material ( 2 ) or of bulk materials, in particular of mineral bulk materials, of waste materials, of raw materials or of materials, working according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a first and a second conveying means ( 3 . 4 ) are provided, wherein the conveying speed (v ₁ ) of the first conveying means ( 3 ) is controllable, whereby the bulk material ( 2 ) from the first grant ( 3 ) to the second grant ( 4 ) is transportable and the first and / or second funding ( 3 . 4 ) is formed and / or arranged such that a material-breaking edge ( 5 ) is realized, wherein the bulk material ( 2 ) with the aid of the second conveyor ( 4 ) of a working machine, in particular a sorting machine can be supplied, wherein a first and a second laser camera system ( 7 . 8th ) is provided, wherein a control and / or regulating unit ( 6 ), in particular a computer processor unit is provided, wherein also the conveying speed (v ₂ ) of the second conveying means ( 4 ) is controllable and wherein the conveying speeds (v ₁ , v ₂ ) of the first and second conveying means ( 3 . 4 ) with the aid of the control and / or regulating unit ( 6 ) are controllable and / or controllable such that the volume flow (V.) of the bulk material supplied to the working machine is substantially constant. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the first conveying means ( 3 ) as a dosing conveyor or as a vibratory conveyor ( 3a ) and the second funding ( 4 ) as a conveyor belt ( 4a ) is trained. Device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the first and / or the second laser camera system ( 7 . 8th ) is designed or executed as a laser triangulation system. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the first and / or the second laser camera system ( 7 . 8th ) for transmitting the measured values (MW ₁ , MW ₂ ) with the control and / or regulating unit ( 6 ) is connected in terms of circuitry. Device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the control and / or regulating unit ( 6 ) in terms of circuitry with the respective drives ( 3b . 4b ) of the first and second funding ( 3 . 4 ) and based on calculated values these drives ( 3b . 4b ) controls and / or regulates, so that the work machine a substantially constant, specific volume flow (V.) Through the second conveyor ( 4 ) is supplied. Device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the control and / or regulating unit ( 6 ) has a memory and a processor unit and the conveying speeds (v ₁ , v ₂ ) of the first and second conveying means ( 3 . 4 ) by means of a control unit ( 6 ) stored computer program are controlled or regulated. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that by means of the computer program that of the first and second laser camera system ( 7 . 8th ), especially in real time evaluable and the drives ( 3b . 4b ) of the first and second conveying means ( 3 . 4 ) can be controlled or regulated in particular in real time on the basis of this evaluation. Device according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the device ( 1 ) as a feed system for the supply of bulk material / bulk goods ( 2 ) or formed by material to a work machine, in particular the working machine is designed as a sorting or processing machine.

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