DE102015001084A1 - Method and device for analyzing, monitoring processes, controlling processes and / or regulating processes - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for analyzing, monitoring processes, controlling processes and / or regulating processes, and a device (1) for analyzing, monitoring processes, controlling processes and / or regulating processes , By using specific indicators, the methods and devices (1) according to the invention for substance analysis, for monitoring processes, for controlling processes and / or for controlling processes can be used very inexpensively and are equipped with a high quality. In particular, the methods and devices (1) respond very quickly.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for analysis, monitoring of processes, for controlling processes and / or for controlling processes according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for analysis, for monitoring processes, for controlling processes and / or for Control of processes according to the preamble of claim 10.

Such methods and devices are used in the field of inorganic and organic materials and are increasingly used in the field of plant materials to determine the origin and quality of such materials and to control their material change when heating of the materials takes place, such as by mechanical stress in forming processes or in drying processes is the case.

Without conclusive determination, possible applications in the food and animal feed industry, wood pellet production, shaping drying can be found, but also in the field of smoke and fire detection technology.

For example, far-reaching information about their drying behavior is necessary for economical and safe drying of solids of defined properties. The process conditions are usually characterized fundamentally by laboratory tests, but can be controlled later in the plant process only by macroscopic parameters such as temperature, humidity or mechanical parameters (mixing). The drying kinetics are determined experimentally by design experiments based on defined application properties. Here and later in regular plant operation, a number of control and test methods are available, which must be adapted to the specific product. The determination of the moisture, for example, is usually carried out by gravimetric methods (drying oven or vacuum oven, infrared scales) or chemical methods. Safety parameters are also to be determined and continuously monitored (eg onset of exothermic reactions).

So far z. As the determination of the temperature and moisture distribution in beds during drying usually experimental. Continuous monitoring of chemical-physical parameters in the interior of the bed is hardly possible using macroscopic sensors (temperature, humidity). The problem with the contact drying are tough phases, which can occur in homogeneous drying processes and lead to damage to the product due to the resulting local thermal overloading of the substrate. As a result, the processes become significantly less efficient in terms of energy.

To avoid thermal overstress and to increase the material and energy efficiency of drying processes and temperature-intensive processing methods temporally high-resolution information on material properties and energetic states of the process material are necessary.

The object of the present invention is to make such methods and devices so that they are very inexpensive to use and are equipped with a high quality. In particular, the methods and devices should respond very quickly.

This object is achieved with the inventive method according to claim 1 and the device according to the invention according to claim 10. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent subclaims.

The inventor has realized that this object can be achieved particularly easily by using indicators that do not match the hydrocarbons commonly found in the natural ambient atmosphere, because then the response and safety of the response can be significantly improved. In addition, these indicators come mainly from the interior of the substance matrix, which is otherwise poorly monitored by sensors. As a result, influencing parameters on the substances can be monitored very quickly and, if necessary, adjusted, in particular before they possibly produce negative effects.

The method according to the invention for analyzing at least one inorganic or organic substance, for monitoring processes, for controlling processes and / or for regulating processes, wherein the processes involve the conversion, processing or processing of at least one organic substance, is thus characterized in that that at least one carbon-containing compound is used as an indicator that is not carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. These excluded indicators occur due to multiple processes in the ambient atmosphere, so that methods based thereon always suffer from the lack of an association with the actually controlled substance or must be made for a precise Ansprecherhalten very extensive background normalization, which make a fast response difficult.

In this context, "analysis" does not only mean the determination of a material composition, but also, for example, a determination of a specific quality or origin of the substance.

"Substance" in the context of the present invention means not only chemically pure substances, but also mixtures of substances.

In an expedient development it is provided that the organic substance is a vegetable material, or contains vegetable parts. The method can be used particularly efficiently, because in plant materials natural precursor compounds for the indicator, such. B. contained in the pectin methoxy groups are contained in large quantities.

It is further preferred if the indicator is a volatile substance, since then the detection can be carried out by means of gas sensors in the ambient atmosphere and thus in a particularly efficient manner. Such volatile substances are organic, ie carbon-containing substances which evaporate easily (are volatile) or are present as gas even at low temperatures (eg room temperature).

The indicator is particularly preferably chosen from the group of methyl halide (for example monohalogenated methane), methanol, acetonitrile, isoprenoid and methanethiol, the indicator preferably being chloromethane. If the methane derivatives are selected as the indicator, in particular mono-halogenated methane, then, according to the current state of knowledge, it can be assumed that their chemical precursors are the methoxy groups contained in the vegetable substance. In the case of vegetable substances, the proportion of methoxy groups in the total carbon content is on average 2.5%, while the content of chloride in dried plants is usually between 0.1% and 2%. In addition, larger amounts of chloride are often added to foods, so that chloride is sufficiently available for reaction with the methoxy groups. Thus, for example, chloromethane is a very effective indicator for the processing of such botanicals.

Several indicators can also be determined simultaneously, for example methyl bromide and methyl chloride. Also, different isotopes of one or more indicators can be determined simultaneously.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the indicator is formed by chemical reaction during the process. Then there is a high level of reproducibility because the presence of indicators not generated by the method that would distort the result can be excluded.

If at least one physical or chemical parameter of the inorganic or organic substance is determined by measuring the indicator, wherein the parameter is preferably selected from the group temperature, moisture content, pectin content, lignin content and halide content, then it is possible to draw direct conclusions about the currently present process conditions.

Preferably, the process is a fire or smoldering fire or a process of wood or paper processing or a process of food or feed processing or manufacturing. In this case, the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously.

However, the method according to the invention can also be used very advantageously in the determination of the origin as an analysis of the organic substance, because the concentration of the indicators differs depending on defined process parameters for different regions of origin of the organic substances. For this purpose, appropriate calibration tests should be carried out in advance.

In this connection, or else for the other processes, it is advantageous if, in addition, an examination of the indicators takes place with regard to the isotopes present in them.

If the indicator is determined as a function of temperature, humidity and / or pressure then a calibration is made for the indicator. It is preferably provided that the temperature and / or humidity and / or pressure are increased or decreased in a targeted manner.

If a continuous, continuous, or incremental measurement of the level of the indicator is made in the gas phase to monitor, control, and / or control the process, then very fast response processing can be realized. In this process, at least one process parameter, which is selected in particular from the group of temperature, humidity and pressure, is preferably changed, since these parameters have a high influence on the indicator formation.

If an additive is added or added to the inorganic or organic substance, which leads to the formation of the indicator and / or releases the indicator, then it is also possible to carry out analyzes and processing of substances which do not contain or release such indicators. For example, it could be an inorganic substance containing chlorine or Contains chlorine compounds, but no other chemical precursors of the indicators. Here then an additive would be added, the z. B. contains a methoxy group, so that chloromethane can be formed, which allows conclusions about the chlorine content in the inorganic substance by an analysis.

Independent protection is claimed for the device according to the invention for analyzing at least one inorganic or organic substance, for monitoring processes, for controlling processes and / or for regulating processes, wherein the processes involve the conversion, processing or processing of at least one organic substance characterized in that the device comprises at least one sensor for detecting at least one carbon-containing compound which is not carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane.

Particularly preferably, the sensor is adapted to detect the carbon-containing compound in the gas phase, since thus a particularly fast and reliable detection is possible.

Furthermore, it is expedient, if the sensor is adapted to measure absolute and / or relative values of the content of the carbon-containing compound.

In an advantageous development, at least one actuator is provided which alters a process parameter, the process parameter preferably being one of the group of temperature, humidity and pressure. Such actuators may be, for example, regulators of a heating power, a humidification / dehumidification or a pressurization. This makes it very easy to control processing by means of the indicator, whereby due to the high sensitivity of the indicator to changes in these parameters can be influenced very quickly and also can be prevented in advance changing effects inside the material matrix. On the other hand, it is also possible to deliberately exceed parameters in order to ensure certain, desired changes in the substance matrix.

At least one actuator is expediently provided, which signals a physical or chemical parameter of the inorganic or organic substance, because then the undershooting or exceeding of certain limit values can be detected particularly quickly and reacted appropriately. This parameter is preferably one of the group temperature, moisture content, pectin content, lignin content and halide content.

The device according to the invention is advantageously adapted to carry out the method according to the invention.

• – die energetische und stoffliche Optimierung temperaturintensiver Prozesse der Lebens- und Futtermittelindustrie (z. B. Herstellung von Cerealien, Dauernahrungsmittel, Futtermittelpellets, Würzmischungen, Backwaren) Im Vergleich zu den für die Lebensmittelindustrie wichtigen aromatischen Verbindungen ist CH₃Cl sehr volatil. Die Freisetzung aus der pflanzlichen Matrix findet bereits bei Raumtemperaturen statt und ist ein sehr früher Indikator für Reaktionen innerhalb des Trockengutes. Hierdurch können besonders schonende Trocknungsbedingungen überwacht werden (z. B. Fermentation von Tee/Tabak, Kaffee-Röstung). Weiteres Ziel ist der effizientere Einsatz von Energie, Zuschlagsstoffen, künstlichen Aromen oder Würzmitteln (stoffliche/energetische Optimierung).
• – die Überwachung der Pektin- oder Chlorid-Konzentration in Ausgangsstoffen, Zwischen- und Endprodukten zur Optimierung der Mengen an Zuschlagstoffen und Prozesshilfsmitteln Aus der hohen Sensitivität gegenüber Temperatur und Feuchte sowie spezieller matrixgebundener Einflussfaktoren kann eine Vielzahl von Ansätzen zur Prozesssteuerung und Überwachung abgeleitet werden. Im Zentrum der Überlegungen steht hierbei das Ziel einer Steigerung der energetischen und stofflichen Effizienz durch die online-Kontrolle von Matrixparametern, wodurch Prozessparameter unmittelbar beeinflusst werden können. Beispielsweise können Zuschlagstoffe wie Melasse (Pellet-Produktion) und andere Prozesshilfsmittel an häufig variierende Eduktqualitäten angepasst werden (z. B. Pektingehalt von Holz).
• – die Überwachung der Produktqualität (z. B. Restfeuchte, Substratwärme, Vitamingehalt) Die Abhängigkeit der Chlormethan Bildung von Matrixeigenschaften wie Chlorid oder Pektin/Ligningehalt kann auch zur Überwachung spezieller stofflicher Qualitätsmerkmale im Produktionsprozess herangezogen werden – z. B. Restfeuchte nach Trocknung, Gehalt an Pektin/Lignin in Rohholz, Chloridgehalt in Nahrungsmitteln.
• – die Unterbindung thermischer Überlastung zum Schutz von Struktureigenschaften der Produktmatrix oder von Nährstoffgehalten Die Detektion von CH₃Cl in statischen oder dynamischen Trocknungssystemen erlaubt Rückschlüsse auf den Wassergehalt und/oder die Temperatur direkt am bzw. im Trocknungsgut. Das bekannte Problem inhomogener Temperaturprofile im Trocknungsgut, welche zu lokaler Überhitzung und verringerter Produktqualität führen können, ist mittels makroskopischer Messungen schwer zu verfolgen. Der Ansatz einer indirekten Temperaturkontrolle mittels CH₃Cl erlaubt genauere Einblicke in die Matrixbeschaffenheit.
• – die Verwendung des Indikator-Signals (z. B. Chlormethan) als Steuergröße z. B. für die Beschickung und Verweilzeit von Stoffen in der Prozessierung und die Systemtemperatur Holz- und Futtermittelpellets werden bei Temperaturen von 50°C–150°C in Matrixpressen erzeugt. Die kontinuierliche Beschickung der Anlagen mit zum Teil sehr inhomogenen Eduktqualitäten erfordert einen Kompromiss u. a. bei Prozesstemperaturen und Zuschlagstoffen (Bindemittel). Eine zeitlich hochaufgelöste Kontrolle von Matrixparametern bietet die Möglichkeit einer unmittelbaren Steuerung einzelner Prozessabschnitte. Mit der CMT-Methode kann ein breites Spektrum an Rohholzqualitäten automatisiert erfasst und Informationen zu prozessrelevanten Qualitätsmerkmalen wie Lignin/Pektin-Gehalt oder Wassergehalt in Echtzeit ermittelt werden. Dies ist Grundlage für den Einsatz als Steuerungsgröße bei energetischer/stofflicher Optimierung. Im Bereich der Futtermittelherstellung kann die Anforderung einer thermisch möglichst schonenden Verarbeitung unterstützt werden. Während des Pressvorganges tritt in der Pressmatrize eine hohe thermische Belastung des Produktes auf, welche insbesondere an der Außenseite der Pellets Rückstände entstehen lässt. Diese beeinflussen die geruchliche und geschmackliche Qualität des Pelletproduktes und wirken sich ebenfalls negativ auf den Vitamingehalt des Futtermittels aus.
• – die Verwendung bestimmter Zuschlagstoffe, die den Indikator (z. B. Chlormethan) freisetzen bei formgebenden Trocknungsverfahren, um beispielsweise eine Überhitzung zu verhindern Es ist denkbar, über die Beimischung speziell designter Zuschlagstoffe (z. B. Bindemittel, Quellmittel), welche Methoxygruppen bei definierten chemisch-physikalischen Bedingungen freisetzen und die Chlormethanbildung anregen, spezielle Prozessstadien als Schwellwerte zu erfassen. Die Zuschlagsstoffe dienen hier als Vorläufer für Chlormethan, welches die Rolle eines matrixinternen Indikators übernimmt.
• – die Überwachung brandgefährdeter Lagerbestände (z. B. Heu oder Stroh) und der Einsatz von Indikator-Sensoren bei der Früherkennung von Schwelbränden, beispielsweise bei Holzdachstühlen, wo nach Erkennung eines offenen Brandes zumeist keine Rettung des Dachstuhls mehr möglich ist.

Some preferred fields of application of the present invention are set forth below and also explained in more detail with reference to the indicator chloromethane (CH 3 Cl, hereinafter also referred to as "CMT method"):

• - the energetic and material optimization of temperature-intensive processes of the food and feed industry (eg production of cereals, permanent foods, feed pellets, seasoning mixes, bakery products) Compared to the aromatic compounds important for the food industry, CH ₃ Cl is very volatile. The release from the plant matrix takes place already at room temperatures and is a very early indicator of reactions within the dry matter. As a result, particularly gentle drying conditions can be monitored (eg, fermentation of tea / tobacco, coffee roasting). Another goal is the more efficient use of energy, additives, artificial flavors or seasonings (material / energy optimization).
• Monitoring Pectin or Chloride Concentration in Feedstock, Intermediate and End Products to Optimize Aggregates and Processing Aids A variety of process control and monitoring approaches can be derived from the high sensitivity to temperature and humidity, and more specific matrix-bounding factors. At the center of these considerations is the goal of increasing the energy and material efficiency through the online control of matrix parameters, whereby process parameters can be directly influenced. For example, aggregates such as molasses (pellet production) and other process auxiliaries can be adapted to frequently varying educt qualities (eg, the pectin content of wood).
• - the monitoring of product quality (eg residual moisture, substrate heat, vitamin content) The dependence of chloromethane formation of matrix properties such as chloride or pectin / lignin content can also be used to monitor specific material quality features in the production process - eg. B. Residual moisture after drying, content of pectin / lignin in raw wood, chloride content in food.
• - the prevention of thermal overload to protect structural properties of the product matrix or nutrient contents The detection of CH ₃ Cl in static or dynamic drying systems allows conclusions on the water content and / or the temperature directly on or in the drying material. The Known problem of inhomogeneous temperature profiles in the drying material, which can lead to local overheating and reduced product quality, is difficult to track by means of macroscopic measurements. The approach of indirect temperature control using CH ₃ Cl allows more accurate insights into the matrix structure.
• The use of the indicator signal (eg chloromethane) as a control variable z. B. for the loading and residence time of substances in the processing and the system temperature wood and feed pellets are produced at temperatures of 50 ° C-150 ° C in matrix presses. The continuous feed of the plants with partly very inhomogeneous educt grades requires a compromise among other things at process temperatures and additives (binder). A temporally high-resolution control of matrix parameters offers the possibility of direct control of individual process sections. With the CMT method, a wide range of raw wood grades can be automatically recorded and information on process-relevant quality characteristics such as lignin / pectin content or water content can be determined in real time. This is the basis for use as a control variable in energetic / material optimization. In the field of feed production, the requirement of a thermally gentle processing as possible can be supported. During the pressing process occurs in the press die, a high thermal load of the product, which leaves in particular on the outside of the pellets residues. These influence the odor and flavor quality of the pellet product and also have a negative effect on the vitamin content of the feed.
• - the use of certain aggregates which release the indicator (eg chloromethane) in shaping drying processes, for example to prevent overheating It is conceivable, through the addition of specially designed aggregates (eg binders, swelling agents), which methoxy groups are used release defined chemical-physical conditions and stimulate the formation of chloromethane, to detect specific process stages as thresholds. The aggregates are used here as precursors for chloromethane, which takes on the role of a matrix-internal indicator.
• - The monitoring of fire-prone stocks (eg hay or straw) and the use of indicator sensors in the early detection of smoldering fires, for example in wooden roof trusses, where after detection of an open fire usually no rescue of the roof truss is possible.

This will be partially explained in more detail below, again using chloromethane as an indicator.

Chloromethane is the most abundant organohalogen compound in the atmosphere. It is also detectable in all other environmental compartments and represents one of the most naturally produced VOX (volatile organohalogens). With a boiling point of about -24 ° C, it is very volatile and has a strong tendency to transition to the gas phase. There are several natural sources of chloromethane known, with atmospheric CH ₃ Cl mainly due to emissions of terrestrial plants. A very important geochemical synthetic route is based on the thermolytic reaction of chloride with methoxy groups contained in vegetable pectin and lignin moieties, as in 1 is shown. Here, A shows the structure of the plant cell wall, B the chemical structure of homogalacturonan as a constituent of pectin and C the halogenation of methoxy groups of the pectin after thermal demethylation. Both reactants are typically already present in the plant matrix, but their absolute contents vary depending on, among other things, plant species, location, state of development and climate. The underlying chemical processes are well studied and can be detected for all terrestrial and marine plants.

The most important factors influencing chloromethane formation are temperature, substrate moisture content, chloride content and pectin content, and the lignin content also plays a role. The pectin pool already provides methoxy groups at room temperature, whereas lignin becomes an important donor for methoxy groups at temperatures> 150 ° C. For terrestrial plants, the total methoxy group content is typically 1% -7% of the dry matter. Since pectin already provides methyl groups at room temperature, but lignin only substantially contributes from about 250 ° C, can be differentiated depending on the temperature between different methoxy pools. Above all, the content of plant chloride varies depending on species and location, with halophilic plants usually having particularly high chloride contents. The emission rates for chloromethane are therefore particularly high for halophytes.

At temperatures above 20 ° C to about 300 ° C, a doubling of the chloromethane formation rates per 10 ° C temperature increase can be observed. A reduction in substrate moisture to 5% residual water content causes the proportional increase in the formation rates of chloromethane. And a doubling of the chloride content forces the chloromethane formation also linear and with Increase rates by 50% to an individual chloride saturation.

The characteristics and further advantages of the invention will become apparent in the context of the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the figures. Here are purely schematic:

1 Basics of the CMT method,

2 a first preferred embodiment of the invention,

3 a second preferred embodiment of the invention

4 a third preferred embodiment of the invention and

5 a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the 2 to 5 Four preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown purely schematically.

It shows 2 a drying device 1 for example, food, with food with relatively higher moisture content (moist 3 ) with temperature increase and / or supply of drying air 5 in food with relatively lower moisture content (dry matter 7 ) are transformed. This is the moist material 3 as a product stream 8th via conveyor belts 9 through a drying chamber 11 transported and dry, by means of a heater 13 preheated drying air 5 the drying chamber 11 fed, which absorbs the moisture of the food, this food dries and the drying chamber 11 as moist exhaust air 15 leaves.

The heater 13 is with a controllable heating controller 17 provided with an evaluation and control unit 19 in communicative connection 21 stands. The evaluation and control unit 19 again has a communicative connection 23 with a chloromethane detector 25 ,

This drying device according to the invention 1 for food is now operated as follows: By the passage of the food stream 8th through the drying chamber 11 Foods are supplied with dry, preheated drying air 5 brought into connection, whereby a heating of the food is carried out and thereby causes an evaporation of the moisture from the drying air 5 is dissipated. In this context, an implementation of existing in the food methoxy with also contained in the food chloride compounds to chloromethane 27 that is in the stream of drying air 5 from the drying chamber 11 is transported out. The chloromethane detector positioned at or in the exhaust port (not shown) 25 Now, the concentration of chloromethane in the exhaust air 15 determine. Since the chlorine methane concentration in the exhaust air 15 Depending on the temperature of the food and the moisture of the food, desired moisture contents can now targeted by controlling the temperature of the drying air 5 via the heating controller 17 using the evaluation and control unit 19 respectively.

The presented drying device 1 may be used instead of food for other at least proportionate herbal substances such as animal feed.

In 3 is a (Schwel) fire warning device 50 shown. It can be seen that a building 51 single rooms 53 . 55 in which, for example, at the ceiling each chloromethane detectors 57a . 57b arranged in communicative connection 59 with an evaluation and control unit 61 stand. The evaluation and control unit 61 again, communicatively connected 63a . 63b with extinguishing devices 65a . 65b such as sprinkler systems, and an automatic emergency call center 67 ,

This (Schwel) fire warning device 50 works when a smoldering fire develops 69 so that when developing a smoldering fire 69 Significantly increasing concentration of chloromethane 71 in the indoor air caused by the temperature-induced reaction of the fire in the material 73 existing methoxy groups is also effected with the chloride compounds contained, by the chloromethane detector 57a determined and the evaluation and control unit 61 is reported or constantly monitored by the latter. If an excess of the characteristic chlormethane concentration in the ambient air is detected, the evaluation and control unit provides 61 a smoldering fire 69 fixed and activates the device for inert gas introduction 65 to prevent a fire outbreak. For safety's sake, at the same time, the emergency call center 67 informed. In addition, other measures of fire prevention can be taken, such as a power cut and the completion of ventilation. Upon detection of such a chloromethane concentration characteristic of an erupted fire, an eraser (not shown) could be activated. Optionally, such a methanol chloride sensor may also be combined with conventional sensors (eg, CO, CO ₂ , smoke, heat).

Since the chloromethane concentration increases significantly even from temperatures of less than 50 ° C., may be a smoldering fire 69 be reliably recognized even before the outbreak of an actual fire, so that especially for critical building areas such as roof trusses the emergence of devastating fire, which are usually no longer easy to combat after the outbreak of fire, already effectively prevented in the formation stage.

In 4 an application in the field of wood pellet production is presented. It can be seen that a corresponding large-scale plant 100 containing the wood material in the form of chips and wood chips 101 is supplied, comprising the following units: a drying plant 103 for drying the chips and wood chips at a temperature below 60 ° C, whereby moisture is removed, a Trockenspansilo 105 to temporarily store the material, a metal / Fremdgutabscheider 107 to remove non-energy and non-material substances, a conditioner 109 for the addition of additives, such as binders and / or pressing aids, for. As starch and flour, a maturing container 111 To effect the conditioning, a pelletizer 113 to pellets at temperatures below 100 ° C using ring matrices and roller rollers 115 given size to produce a cooler 117 to the pellets 115 to cool and a pellet silo 119 to the pellets 115 before delivery to the end user 121 intermediately.

The individual steps of wood pellet production are familiar to the person skilled in the art, which is why no further details are given here. Important in this context, however, that the Holzpelletherstellung is very demanding if you want to produce a consistent raw material quality with a certain residual moisture, since the starting materials usually have a different wood moisture and size, but also different types of wood are used, the different in the pelleting machine 113 must be processed.

Within the scope of wood pellet production, the process according to the invention can now be advantageously used at several points. On the one hand for fire monitoring 123 . 125 . 127 . 129 during drying or storage in dry silo 105 , the actual pellet production in the pelletizer 113 and further cooling 117 and storage 119 , wherein, for example, according to the solution 3 is proceeded. Second, to determine certain factors in the control of starting materials, intermediates and end products. This is how the delivered raw material can be 101 be examined for its origin and quality 131 , The residual moisture of the raw material 101 can be set specifically 133 , wherein, for example, according to the solution 2 is proceeded. Furthermore, product parameters such as residual moisture or pectin content can be determined 135 to add the additives in the conditioner 109 adjust.

In 5 is an application for determining the bromide content in a mineral matrix, such as rock salt or sea salt, shown in more detail with excess chloride. Such bromide determination is regularly difficult with simultaneous excess of chloride. According to the invention, it is now provided that the sample matrix 151 , for example a halite sample, in a reaction vessel 153 with pectin 155 , or other precursor compounds which generate halide-volatile halogenated compounds, and mixed at temperatures below 50 ° C to bromomethane 157 becomes. At the same time as bromide, chloromethane is also produced. Both reaction products 157 be with the help of a carrier gas 159 , z. As nitrogen or helium the reaction vessel 153 withdrawn and a halomethane detector 161 fed. Since bromide is the preferred reactant to chloride, there is a significant signal enhancement of bromomethane over chloromethane, so that the bromide content can be detected. For the purpose of evaluation in the embodiment is a computer 163 intended.

As Chlormathan detector 25 , 57a . 57b or halomethane detector 161 it is preferred to use analyzers which comprise a mass spectrometer and a gas chromatograph.

It should be noted that only the most important components have been shown for the aforementioned embodiments. For example, in the example 4 Usually still provided device for screening off abrasion and fines, between the pellet silo 119 and the delivery to consumers 121 are arranged.

From the present description, it has become clear that the present invention provides methods and devices for substance analysis, for monitoring processes, for controlling processes and / or for controlling processes which can be used very inexpensively and are thereby equipped with a high quality , In particular, the methods and devices respond very quickly.

Unless otherwise indicated, all features of the present invention may be freely combined with each other. The features described in the description of the figures can, unless stated otherwise, be freely combined with the other features as features of the invention. Objective features can also be used as process features and process features as representational features.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

drying device

3

moist

5

drying air

7

dry material

8th

product flow

9

conveyor belts

11

drying chamber

13

heater

15

moist exhaust air

17

controllable heating controller

19

Evaluation and control unit

21, 23

communicative connection

25

Chloromethane detector, CMS

50

(Smoldering) fire warning device 50

51

building

53, 55

room

57a, 57b

Chloromethane detectors, CMS

59

communicative connection

61

Evaluation and control unit

63a, 63b

communicative connection

65a, 65b,

fighting equipment

67

PSAP

69

smoldering

71

chloromethane

73

Brand material

100

large-scale plant for wood pellet production

101

Shavings and wood chips, raw material

103

drying plant

105

Trockenspansilo

107

Metal / Fremdgutabscheider

109

conditioner

111

mature container

113

Pellertiermaschine

115

pellets

117

cooler

119

pellet silo

121

Consumer

123, 125, 127, 129

Fire monitoring, chloromethane detector

131

Examination of origin and quality, Chlormathan detector

133

Determination and adjustment of the residual moisture of the raw material, chloromethane detector

135

Determination of product parameters, chloromethane detector

150

Device for detection of bromide

151

sample matrix

153

reaction vessel

155

pectin

157

Reaction products, bromomethane, chloromethane

159

carrier gas

161

Halogenated methane detector, CMS

163

Computer, evaluation

Claims (15)

Method for analyzing at least one inorganic or organic substance, for monitoring processes, for controlling processes and / or for regulating processes, the processes involving the conversion, processing or processing of at least one organic substance, characterized in that at least one carbon-containing Compound is used as an indicator that is not carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic substance is a vegetable material and / or that the indicator is a volatile substance. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the indicator is selected from the group methyl halide, methanol, acetonitrile, isoprenoid and methanethiol, wherein the indicator is preferably chloromethane and / or that the indicator is formed by chemical reaction during the process. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one physical or chemical parameter of the inorganic or organic substance is determined by measuring the indicator, wherein the parameter is preferably selected from the group temperature, moisture content, pectin content, lignin content and halide content. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process is a fire or smoldering fire or that the Process is a process of wood or paper processing or that the process is a process of food or feed processing or manufacturing. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the analysis of the origin of the organic matter is determined. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the indicator is examined with regard to the isotopes occurring in it. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the indicator is determined as a function of temperature, humidity and / or pressure, wherein it is preferably provided that temperature, humidity and / or pressure are selectively increased or decreased. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a continuous continuous or stepwise measurement of the content of the indicator in the gas phase is carried out to monitor, control and / or regulate the process, preferably at least one process parameter, in particular the group temperature, humidity and pressure is selected is changed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inorganic or organic substance, an additive is added or supplied, which leads to formation of the indicator and / or releases the indicator. Device for analyzing at least one inorganic or organic substance, for monitoring processes, for controlling processes and / or for regulating processes, the processes involving the conversion, processing or processing of at least one organic substance, characterized in that the device comprises at least one Sensor for detecting at least one carbon-containing compound that is not carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the sensor is adapted to detect the carbonaceous compound in the gas phase and / or that the sensor is adapted to measure absolute and / or relative values of the content of the carbonaceous compound. Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at least one actuator is provided, which varies a process parameter, wherein the process parameter is preferably one of the group temperature, humidity and pressure. Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that at least one actuator is provided which signals a physical or chemical parameter of the inorganic or organic substance, wherein the parameter is preferably one of the group temperature, moisture content, pectin content, lignin content and halide content , Device according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the device is adapted to perform the method according to one of claims 1 to 10.

Images