DE102015215055A1 - Nanoporous composite material containing inorganic hollow particles - Google Patents
Nanoporous composite material containing inorganic hollow particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102015215055A1 DE102015215055A1 DE102015215055.0A DE102015215055A DE102015215055A1 DE 102015215055 A1 DE102015215055 A1 DE 102015215055A1 DE 102015215055 A DE102015215055 A DE 102015215055A DE 102015215055 A1 DE102015215055 A1 DE 102015215055A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- hollow particles
- oxide
- inorganic hollow
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 polyethoxysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005789 ACRONAL® acrylic binder Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monomethyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=CC(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- MABAWBWRUSBLKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tri(propan-2-yloxy)silane Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)C=C MABAWBWRUSBLKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C=C WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSUJDDNOLKLDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(3-methoxypropoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCCO[Si](OCCCOC)(OCCCOC)C=C XSUJDDNOLKLDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHEFFAKKAFRMHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C CHEFFAKKAFRMHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWVQRZRMDDXSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl dipropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OC)(OCC)OCCC LWVQRZRMDDXSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITAHRPSKCCPKOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl trimethyl silicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OC)(OC)OC ITAHRPSKCCPKOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNAOFAIBVOMLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C ZNAOFAIBVOMLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009421 internal insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUVTXUGBACWHBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(1h-benzimidazol-2-ylmethoxy)benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 DUVTXUGBACWHBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLGXILFCIXHCMC-JHGZEJCSSA-N methyl cellulose Chemical compound COC1C(OC)C(OC)C(COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1C(OC)C(OC)C(OC)OC1COC YLGXILFCIXHCMC-JHGZEJCSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N methyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKWNWHSONVFEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl tripentyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCCO[Si](OC)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC PKWNWHSONVFEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUHFHHFIAKZOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl triphenyl silicate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WUHFHHFIAKZOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-NSCUHMNNSA-N monomethyl fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007783 nanoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001709 polysilazane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIJVUKXVPNVPAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical class CC(=C)C(=O)O[SiH3] WIJVUKXVPNVPAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRJISGHXMUQUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl prop-2-enoate Chemical class [SiH3]OC(=O)C=C GRJISGHXMUQUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KQYLUTYUZIVHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C KQYLUTYUZIVHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTGOQZIKPDZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapentyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCCO[Si](OCCCCC)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC KCTGOQZIKPDZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADLSSRLDGACTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenyl silicate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ADLSSRLDGACTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSDAZXVGQVMFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl methyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OC)(OCCCC)OCCCC HSDAZXVGQVMFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZOOLKGCOFWELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl propyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC PZOOLKGCOFWELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKLYMYLJOXIVFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxymethylsilane Chemical compound CCOC([SiH3])(OCC)OCC NKLYMYLJOXIVFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYBKVVRRGQSGDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl methyl silicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OC)(OCC)OCC QYBKVVRRGQSGDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXZMPNCYSOLUEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl propyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC CXZMPNCYSOLUEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUQLLQQWSNWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxymethylsilane Chemical compound COC([SiH3])(OC)OC TUQLLQQWSNWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKEXHTMMGBYMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl propyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OC)(OC)OC WKEXHTMMGBYMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWAWYGLUQDYLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)COC(=O)C=C UWAWYGLUQDYLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/32—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof from compositions containing microballoons, e.g. syntactic foams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
Abstract
Ein nanoporöses Verbundmaterial, enthaltend anorganische Hohlartikel eingebettet in eine Matrix aus einem organisches Bindemittel, wobei der Anteil der anorganischen Hohlpartikeln mindestens 80 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Verbundmaterial, beträgt, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Verbundmaterials, welches die folgenden Stufen a) bis d) umfasst: a) Herstellung einer Mischung von anorganischen Hohlpartikeln und einem organischen Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Form einer wässrigen Dispersion, beispielsweise einer wässrigen Polyurethan- oder Acrylatdispersion, b) Einbringen der Mischung in eine beheiz- und verschließbare Entlüftungsöffnung aufweisende Form, c) Schließen der Form und Volumenreduktion der Mischung, und d) Aushärten und Entformen des Verbundmateriales, sowie die Verwendung des Verbundmaterials.A nanoporous composite material containing inorganic hollow articles embedded in a matrix of an organic binder, wherein the proportion of the inorganic hollow particles is at least 80 wt .-%, based on the composite material, a method for producing the composite material, comprising the following steps a) to d) comprises: a) preparing a mixture of inorganic hollow particles and an organic binder, preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion, for example an aqueous polyurethane or acrylate dispersion, b) introducing the mixture into a mold which can be heated and sealed, c) closing the shape and volume reduction of the mixture, and d) curing and demolding of the composite, as well as the use of the composite material.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein nanoporöses Verbundmaterial, enthaltend anorganische Hohlartikel, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Verbundmaterials, sowie die Verwendung des Verbundmaterials.The invention relates to a nanoporous composite material containing inorganic hollow articles, a method for producing the composite material, and the use of the composite material.
Hochporöse Festkörper, bei denen der überwiegende Teil des Volumens aus Poren besteht. sind bekannt. Sie können beispielsweise auf Silicat-Basis, aber auch auf Kunststoff- oder Kohlenstoff-Basis hergestellt werden. Die Poren der Festkörper weisen einen Durchmesser auf, der im Mikro- und Nanometer-Bereich liegt. Infolge des großen Porenvolumens eignen sich diese Materialien zum Beispiel als Katalysatorträger, als feste Phase zur Auftrennung von Substanzen in der Flüssigchromatographie oder als Isolationsmaterialien.Highly porous solids, where the majority of the volume consists of pores. are known. They can be produced, for example, on a silicate basis, but also on a plastic or carbon base. The pores of the solids have a diameter which is in the micron and nanometer range. As a result of the large pore volume, these materials are suitable, for example, as a catalyst support, as a solid phase for the separation of substances in liquid chromatography or as insulating materials.
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Nachteilig bei all diesen Verfahren ist die Handhabung von anorganischen Aerogelen als Feststoff, die eine sehr geringe Schüttdichte aufweisen und zu hoher Staubentwicklung neigen.A disadvantage of all these methods is the handling of inorganic aerogels as a solid, which have a very low bulk density and tend to high dust formation.
Die
Der Ansatz dieses reaktiven Verklebens hat mehrere Nachteile
- – RAFT-Technologie ist kostenintensiv und im großtechnischen Maßstab nur schwer zu beherrschen
- – mit der „colloidal gelation” wird ein Reaktivsystem auf Melamine-Epoxy-Basis eingeführt, was zur schnellen Gelierung und zur ungenügenden Steuerbarkeit und Einheitlichkeit des Gels und damit des Porenvolumens der Festkörper führt (siehe Porengrößenverteilung). Die Komplexität des Prozesses wird durch diese Technologie deutlich erhöht.
- - RAFT technology is costly and difficult to manage on an industrial scale
- - "colloidal gelation" introduces a melamine-epoxy-based reactive system, which leads to rapid gelation and insufficient controllability and uniformity of the gel and thus the pore volume of the solids (see pore size distribution). The complexity of the process is significantly increased by this technology.
Aus der
Die
Die
Stand der Technik zu anorganischen HohlteilchenState of the art to inorganic hollow particles
Die Herstellung von oxidischen porösen Hohlkugeln ist allgemein bekannt und beispielsweise von
Ausserdem geben
Kohlenstoffpartikel als Trägermaterial für Metallpartikel werden beschrieben von
Die
Die beschriebenen Herstellverfahren von Isolationsmaterialien aus anorganischen Hohlpartikeln erfüllen allerdings nicht die gewünschten Eigenschaftsprofile, speziell in Porengrößenverteilung, Dichte, Brandverhalten und thermischer Leitfähigkeit.However, the described production methods of insulating materials of inorganic hollow particles do not meet the desired property profiles, especially in pore size distribution, density, fire behavior and thermal conductivity.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher, Verbundmaterialien bereitzustellen, die eine homogene und enge Porengrößenverteilung aufweisen, die möglichst ohne Verwendung von organischen Lösemitteln herstellbar sind, die eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit, eine niedrige Dichte und eine möglichst günstige Brandklasse, vorzugsweise Brandschutzklasse A, aufweisen. Die Verbundmaterialien sollen sich außerdem auf einfache Weise auch im großtechnischen Maßstab herstellen lassen.The object of the invention was therefore to provide composite materials which have a homogeneous and narrow pore size distribution, which can be produced as possible without the use of organic solvents having a low thermal conductivity, a low density and the best possible fire rating, preferably fire protection class A. The composite materials should also be easy to produce on a large scale.
Demgemäß wurde ein Verbundmaterial, enthaltend anorganische Hohlpartikel eingebettet in eine Matrix aus einem organischen Bindemittel, gefunden, wobei der Anteil der anorganischen Hohlpartikel mindestens 80 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Verbundmaterial, beträgt.Accordingly, a composite material containing inorganic hollow particles embedded in a matrix of an organic binder has been found, wherein the content of the inorganic hollow particles is at least 80% by weight based on the composite material.
Der Anteil der anorganischen Hohlpartikel liegt bevorzugt im Bereich von 80 bis 99,5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 85 bis 99 Gew.-%. The proportion of the inorganic hollow particles is preferably in the range of 80 to 99.5 wt .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 85 to 99 wt .-%.
Bevorzugt weist das Verbundmaterial eine Dichte im Bereich von 50 bis 1500 kg/m3 auf. Das Verbundmaterial weist eine Porengrössenverteilung, gemessen mit Quecksilber-Intrusion, mit Porengrößen von 800 nm bis 20 nm und einem Maximum im Bereich von 100 bis 300 nm auf.Preferably, the composite material has a density in the range of 50 to 1500 kg / m 3 . The composite material has a pore size distribution, measured with mercury intrusion, with pore sizes of 800 nm to 20 nm and a maximum in the range of 100 to 300 nm.
Die anorganischen Hohlpartikel weisen bevorzugt einen mittleren Teilchendurchmesser im Bereich von 20 bis 2000 nm, bevorzugt im Bereich von 200 nm bis 400 nm auf. Bevorzugt werden Partikel mit einem möglichst großen Hohlraum bei möglichst dünnen Schalen verwendet, um im späteren Verbundmaterial eine optimale Porengrößenverteilung zu gewährleisten. Die Wandstärke liegt bevorzugt im Bereich von 10 nm bis 50 nm und der Hohlraum im Bereich von 100 nm bis 380 nm. Die Schüttdichte der anorganischen Hohlpartikel liegt bevorzugt im Bereich von 100 bis 1000 kg/m3, bevorzugt im Bereich von 200 bis 400 kg/m3.The inorganic hollow particles preferably have an average particle diameter in the range from 20 to 2000 nm, preferably in the range from 200 nm to 400 nm. Preference is given to using particles having as large a cavity as possible with shells which are as thin as possible in order to ensure an optimal pore size distribution in the later composite material. The wall thickness is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 50 nm and the cavity in the range of 100 nm to 380 nm. The bulk density of the inorganic hollow particles is preferably in the range of 100 to 1000 kg / m 3 , preferably in the range of 200 to 400 kg / m 3 .
Als anorganische Hohlpartikel enthält das Verbundmaterial bevorzugt Hohlpartikel auf Basis von Siliziumdioxid, Aluminiumoxid, Hydroxyaluminiumoxid, Calciumcarbonat, Magnesiumcarbonat, Calciumorthophosphat, Magnesiumorthophosphat, Eisen-(II)-oxid, Eisen-(III)-oxid, Eisen-(II/III)-oxid, Zinndioxid, Cerdioxid, Yttrium-(III)-oxid, Titandioxid, Hydroxylapatit, Zinkoxid oder Zinksulfid, Lanthanoxid, Lanthanhydroxid, Zinnoxid, Kupfersulfid oder Alumosilikat oder Mischungen davon. Geeignete nanoskalige Hohlkugeln mit einer Kugelwand bestehend aus einem anorganischen Festkörper sind in
Die Matrix des Verbundmaterials wird aus einem organischen Bindemittel gebildet. Sie besteht bevorzugt aus einem Melaminharz, einem Polyesterharz, einem Polyurethanharz oder einem Acrylat-Harz. Besonders bevorzugt wird zur Bildung der Matrix eine wässrige Polyurethan- oder Acrylatdispersion eingesetzt.The matrix of the composite material is formed from an organic binder. It preferably consists of a melamine resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin or an acrylate resin. With particular preference, an aqueous polyurethane or acrylate dispersion is used to form the matrix.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des oben beschriebenen, erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmateriales, welches die folgenden Stufen a) bis d) umfasst:
- a) Herstellung einer Mischung von anorganischen Hohlpartikeln und einem organischen Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Form einer wässrigen Dispersion, beispielsweise einer wässrigen Polyurethan- oder Acrylatdispersion,
- b) Einbringen der Mischung in eine beheiz- und verschließbare, Entlüftungsöffnungen aufweisende Form,
- c) Schließen der Form und Volumenreduktion der Mischung, und
- d) Aushärten und Entformen des Verbundmateriales.
- a) preparation of a mixture of inorganic hollow particles and an organic binder, preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion, for example an aqueous polyurethane or acrylate dispersion,
- b) introducing the mixture into a form that can be heated and sealed and has vents,
- c) closing the shape and volume reduction of the mixture, and
- d) curing and removal of the composite material.
Bevorzugt ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des oben beschriebenen, erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmateriales, welches die folgenden Stufen a1) bis d) umfasst:
- a1) Herstellung von anorganischen Partikeln, beispielsweise Silikat-Partikel.
- a2) Herstellung einer Schale, beispielsweise aus Titandioxid,
- a3) Herauslösen des Kerns und Trocknen der entstandenen Hohlpartikel,
- a4) Redispergieren der anorganischen Hohlpartikel
- a5) Mischen der anorganischen Hohlpartikel mit einem organischen Bindemittel, bevorzugt einer wässrigen Polyurethan- oder Acrylatdispersion,
- b1) Einbringen der Mischung in eine beheiz- und verschließbare Entlüftungsöffnung aufweisende Form,
- b2) Entfernen des Wassers durch Absaugen, Filtrieren oder Trocknen
- c) Schließen der Form und Volumenreduktion der Mischung, und
- d) Aushärten und Entformen des Verbundmateriales.
- a1) Production of inorganic particles, for example silicate particles.
- a2) production of a shell, for example of titanium dioxide,
- a3) removing the core and drying the resulting hollow particles,
- a4) redispersing of the inorganic hollow particles
- a5) mixing the inorganic hollow particles with an organic binder, preferably an aqueous polyurethane or acrylate dispersion,
- b1) introducing the mixture into a form that can be heated and sealed,
- b2) removing the water by suction, filtration or drying
- c) closing the shape and volume reduction of the mixture, and
- d) curing and removal of the composite material.
Schritt a)Step a)
In Frage kommen wässrige Dispersion von anorganischen Hohlpartikeln bestehend aus Siliziumdioxid, Aluminiumoxid, Hydroxyaluminiumoxid, Calciumcarbonat, Magnesiumcarbonat, Calciumorthophosphat, Magnesiumorthophosphat, Eisen-(II)-oxid, Eisen-(III)-oxid, Eisen-(II/III)-oxid, Zinndioxid, Cerdioxid, Yttrium-(III)-oxid, Titandioxid, Hydroxylapatit, Zinkoxid oder Zinksulfid, Lanthanoxid, Lanthanhydroxid, Zinnoxid, Kupfersulfid oder Alumosilikat, bevorzugt Siliziumdioxid mit einer Teilchengröße von 20 bis 2000 nm bevorzugt 20 bis 500 nm, besonders bevorzugt 50 bis 300 nm, hergestellt wie beispielsweise durch
Weiterhin können zur Polykondensation fähige Monomere wie beispielsweise Tetramethoxysilan, Tetraethoxysilan, Tetrapropoxysilan, Tetrabutoxysilan, Tetrapentyloxysilan, Tetraphenyloxysilan, Trimethoxymonoethoxysilan, Dimethoxydiethoxysilan, Triethoxymonomethoxysilan, Trimethoxymonopropoxysilan, Monomethoxytributoxysilan, Monomethoxytripentyloxysilan, Monomethoxytriphenyloxysilan, Dimethoxydipropoxysilan, Tripropoxymonomethoxysilan, Trimethoxymonobutoxysilan, Dimethoxydibutoxysilan, Triethoxymonopropoxysilan, Diethoxydipropoxysilan, Tributoxymonopropoxysilan, Dimethoxymonoethoxymonobutoxysilan, Diethoxymonomethoxymonobutoxysilan, Diethoxymonopropoxymonobutoxysilan, Dipropoxymonomethoxymonoethoxysilan, Dipropoxymonomethoxymonobutoxysilan, Dipropoxymonoethoxymonobutoxysilan, Dibutoxymonomethoxymonoethoxysilan, Dibutoxymonoethoxymonopropoxysilan und Monomethoxymonoethoxymonopropoxymonobutoxysilan oder Trialkoxyalkylsilane wie beispielsweise Trimethoxymetylsilan, Triethoxymethylsilan, Tripropoxymethylsilan, Triphenyloxymethylsilan Trimethoxyethylsilan, Triethoxyethylsilan, Tripropoxyethylsilan, Triphenyloxyethyl silan, Trimethoxypropylsilan, Triethoxypropylsilan, Tripropoxypropylsilan, Triphenyloxypropylsilan, Trimethoxyphenylsilan, Triethoxyphenylsilan, Tripropoxyphenylsilan, Triphenyloxyphenyl silan oder Dialkoxydialkylsilane wie beispielsweise Dimethoxydimetylsilan, Diethoxydimethylsilan, Dipropoxydimethylsilan, Diphenyloxydimethylsilan Dimethoxydiethylsilan, Diethoxydiethylsilan, Dipropoxydiethylsilan, Diphenyloxydiethylsilan, Dimethoxydipropylsilan, Diethoxydipropylsilan, Dipropoxydipropylsilan, Diphenyloxydipropylsilan, Dimethoxydiphenylsilan, Diethoxydiphenylsilan, Dipropoxydiphenylsilan, Diphenyloxydiphenylsilan, SiCl4, Kaliumwasserglas, Natriumwasserglas, Natriummetasilikat, Kaliummetasilikat, Polysilazane, Silikone oder Polyole zur Funktionalisierung eingesetzt werden.Furthermore, for polycondensation compatible monomers such as tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, Tetrapentyloxysilan, Tetraphenyloxysilan, Trimethoxymonoethoxysilan, dimethoxydiethoxysilane, Triethoxymonomethoxysilan, Trimethoxymonopropoxysilan, Monomethoxytributoxysilan, Monomethoxytripentyloxysilan, Monomethoxytriphenyloxysilan, Dimethoxydipropoxysilan, Tripropoxymonomethoxysilan, Trimethoxymonobutoxysilan, Dimethoxydibutoxysilan, Triethoxymonopropoxysilan, Diethoxydipropoxysilan, Tributoxymonopropoxysilan, Dimethoxymonoethoxymonobutoxysilan, Diethoxymonomethoxymonobutoxysilan, Diethoxymonopropoxymonobutoxysilan, Dipropoxymonomethoxymonoethoxysilan, Dipropoxymonomethoxymonobutoxysilan, Dipropoxymonoethoxymonobutoxysilan, Dibutoxymonomethoxymonoethoxysilan, Dibutoxymonoethoxymonopropoxysilan and Monomethoxymonoethoxymonopropoxymonobutoxysilan or trialkoxyalkylsilanes such as Trimethoxymetylsilan, triethoxymethylsilane, trip ropoxymethylsilan, Triphenyloxymethylsilan trimethoxyethylsilane, triethoxyethylsilane, Tripropoxyethylsilan, Triphenyloxyethyl silane, silane trimethoxypropylsilane, Triethoxypropylsilan, Tripropoxypropylsilan, Triphenyloxypropylsilan, trimethoxyphenylsilane, triethoxyphenylsilane, Tripropoxyphenylsilan, Triphenyloxyphenyl or Dialkoxydialkylsilane such as Dimethoxydimetylsilan, diethoxydimethylsilane, Dipropoxydimethylsilan, Diphenyloxydimethylsilan Dimethoxydiethylsilan, diethoxydiethylsilane, Dipropoxydiethylsilan, Diphenyloxydiethylsilan, Dimethoxydipropylsilan, Diethoxydipropylsilan , Dipropoxydipropylsilane, diphenyloxydipropylsilane, dimethoxydiphenylsilane, diethoxydiphenylsilane, dipropoxydiphenylsilane, diphenyloxydiphenylsilane, SiCl 4 , potassium waterglass, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, polysilazanes, silicones or polyols for functionalization.
Schritt b)Step b)
Der Stand der Technik zur Herstellung einer Dispersion von Kompositpartikeln bestehend aus feinteiligen anorganischen Feststoffen und organischem Polymer wird in
Schritt c)Step c)
Schritt c) umfasst das Schließen der Form und gegebenenfalls Volumenreduktion der Mischung. Bevorzugt wird das Volumen der Mischung nach dem Schließen der Form um 5 bis 30%, besonders bevorzugt um 7 bis 20% verringert.Step c) involves closing the mold and optionally reducing the volume of the mixture. Preferably, the volume of the mixture after closing the mold by 5 to 30%, more preferably reduced by 7 to 20%.
Schritt d) Step d)
Schritt d) umfasst das Aushärten und Entformen des Verbundmateriales. Bevorzugt erfolgt das Aushärten bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 20 bis 100°C, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 30 bis 80°C. Das Aushärten erfolgt in der Regel innerhalb von 1 bis 10 Tagen. Die Trocknung lässt sich beschleunigen durch Anlegen von Unterdruck.Step d) involves the curing and removal of the composite material. The curing preferably takes place at temperatures in the range from 20 to 100 ° C., particularly preferably in the range from 30 to 80 ° C. The curing usually takes place within 1 to 10 days. Drying can be accelerated by applying negative pressure.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden im Folgenden angegeben, wobei sich die im Einzelnen angegebenen Ausführungsformen auch kombinieren lassen.Preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below, wherein the specific embodiments given may also be combined.
Das Verbundmaterial weist bevorzugt eine Dichte im Bereich von 50 bis 1500 g/L, besonders bevorzugt von 60–1400 g/L, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 80–1350 g/L und speziell von 100–1250 g/L auf.The composite preferably has a density in the range of 50 to 1500 g / L, more preferably 60-1400 g / L, most preferably 80-1350 g / L and especially 100-1250 g / L.
Additiveadditives
Das Verbundmaterial kann in wirksamen Mengen weitere Zusatzstoffe wie z. B. Farbstoffe, Pigmente, Füllstoffe, Flammschutzmittel, Synergisten für Flammschutzmittel, Antistatica, Stabilisatoren, Antikorrosionsschutzmitteln, Weichmacher und IR-Trübungsmittel enthalten.The composite material can be used in effective amounts of other additives such. As dyes, pigments, fillers, flame retardants, synergists for flame retardants, antistatic agents, stabilizers, anti-corrosion agents, plasticizers and IR opacifiers.
Zur Reduktion des Strahlungsbeitrags zur Wärmeleitfähigkeit kann der Verbundstoff IR-Trübungsmittel wie z. B. Metalloxide, Nichtmetalloxide, Metallpulver, z. B. Aluminiumpulver, Kohlenstoff, z. B. Ruß, Graphit, Diamant oder organische Farbstoffe und Farbstoffpigmente enthalten, was besonders für Anwendungen bei hohen Temperaturen vorteilhaft ist. Besonders bevorzugt sind Ruß, Titandioxid, Eisenoxide oder Zirkondioxid. Die vorstehend genannten Materialien können sowohl jeweils alleine als auch in Kombination, d. h. in Form einer Mischung aus mehreren Materialien, Verwendung finden.To reduce the radiation contribution to the thermal conductivity of the composite IR opacifiers such. For example, metal oxides, non-metal oxides, metal powder, z. As aluminum powder, carbon, z. As carbon black, graphite, diamond or organic dyes and dye pigments, which is particularly advantageous for high temperature applications. Particular preference is given to carbon black, titanium dioxide, iron oxides or zirconium dioxide. The abovementioned materials can be used either alone or in combination, i. H. in the form of a mixture of several materials, find use.
Im Hinblick auf die Rissbildung und Bruchfestigkeit kann es weiterhin vorteilhaft sein, wenn in dem Verbundmaterial Fasern enthalten sind. Als Fasermaterial können organische Fasern wie zum Beispiel Polypropylen-, Polyester-, Nylon- oder Melaminformaldehydfasern und/oder anorganische Fasern, wie zum Beispiel Glas-, Mineral- sowie SiC-Fasern und/oder Kohlenstofffasern verwendet werden. Insbesondere können die Faseroberflächen durch anorganische Keime oder Beschichtungen modifiziert sein. Die Anorganische Modifikation kann hierbei zu einer besseren Dispergierbarkeit der Faser sowie einer besseren Anbindung der Faser in der Matrixführen. Besonders bevorzugt sind Silikate und Oxide, Calcium-Silicat-Hydrat (CSH), Magnesiumsilikate, Aluminiumoxide, Aluminiumhydroxide, Aluminiumoxyhydroxide, Calciumsulfate, Magnesiumsulfate, Calciumphosphat, Zirconiumoxid, Zirconiumsilikat, Alumosilikate sowie Mischungen dieser. Handelt es sich um organische Fasern, so kann deren Dispergierbarkeit und Anbindung an die Matrix durch partielle Oxidation (1–100%) der Faseroberfläche verbessert sein.With regard to cracking and breaking strength, it may furthermore be advantageous if fibers are present in the composite material. As the fiber material, organic fibers such as polypropylene, polyester, nylon or melamine-formaldehyde fibers and / or inorganic fibers such as glass, mineral and SiC fibers and / or carbon fibers may be used. In particular, the fiber surfaces may be modified by inorganic nuclei or coatings. The inorganic modification can lead to a better dispersibility of the fiber as well as a better binding of the fiber in the matrix. Particular preference is given to silicates and oxides, calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), magnesium silicates, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides, aluminum oxyhydroxides, calcium sulfates, magnesium sulfates, calcium phosphate, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, aluminosilicates and mixtures of these. In the case of organic fibers, their dispersibility and attachment to the matrix can be improved by partial oxidation (1-100%) of the fiber surface.
Um eine Erhöhung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit durch die zugegebenen Fasern zu vermeiden, sollte der Volumenanteil der Fasern 0,1 bis 30%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 10%, betragen, und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Fasermaterials vorzugsweise < 1 W/mK, sein.In order to avoid an increase in the thermal conductivity of the added fibers, the volume fraction of the fibers should be 0.1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 10%, and the thermal conductivity of the fiber material should preferably be <1 W / mK.
Durch geeignete Wahl von Faserdurchmesser und/oder -material kann der Strahlungsbeitrag zur Wärmeleitfähigkeit reduziert und eine größere mechanische Festigkeit erzielt werden. Dazu sollte der Faserdurchmesser vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,1 bis 30 μm liegen. Der Strahlungsbeitrag zur Wärmeleitfähigkeit kann besonders reduziert werden, wenn Kohlenstofffasern oder kohlenstoffhaltige Fasern verwendet werden.By a suitable choice of fiber diameter and / or material, the radiation contribution to the thermal conductivity can be reduced and a greater mechanical strength can be achieved. For this purpose, the fiber diameter should preferably be in the range of 0.1 to 30 microns. The contribution to thermal conductivity can be reduced especially when carbon fibers or carbonaceous fibers are used.
Die mechanische Festigkeit kann weiter durch Länge und Verteilung der Fasern im Verbundmaterial beeinflusst werden. Bevorzugt werden Fasern eingesetzt, deren Länge zwischen 0,5 und 10 cm liegt. Für plattenförmige Formkörper können auch Gewebe aus Fasern verwendet werden.The mechanical strength can be further influenced by the length and distribution of the fibers in the composite material. Preference is given to using fibers whose length is between 0.5 and 10 cm. For plate-shaped molded body and fiber fabrics can be used.
Außerdem kann das Verbundmaterial weitere Hilfsstoffe, wie z. B. Tylose, Stärke, Polyvinylalkohol und/oder Wachsemulsionen enthalten. Sie werden im Stand der Technik großtechnisch bei der Formgebung von keramischen Massen eingesetzt.In addition, the composite material other excipients, such. As Tylose, starch, polyvinyl alcohol and / or wax emulsions. They are industrially used in the shaping of ceramic compositions in the prior art.
Weiterhin kann das Verbundmaterial Zusatzstoffe enthalten, die zu seiner Herstellung benutzt werden, bzw. bei der Herstellung entstehen, so z. B. Gleitmittel zum Verpressen, wie Zinkstearat, oder die Reaktionsprodukte von sauren bzw. säureabspaltenden Härtungsbeschleunigern bei der Verwendung von Harzen.Furthermore, the composite material may contain additives that are used for its preparation, or arise during manufacture, such. For example, lubricants for pressing, such as zinc stearate, or the reaction products of acid or acid-releasing curing accelerators in the use of resins.
Die Brandklasse des nach der Trocknung erhaltenen Verbundmaterials wird durch die Brandklasse der Einzelkomponenten bestimmt. Um eine möglichst günstige Brandklasse des Verbundmaterials zu erhalten (schwer entflammbar oder unbrennbar), sollten vorzugsweise anorganische Hohlpartikel, besonders bevorzugt auf der Basis von SiO2, ZnO2, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, mit möglichst geringem Kohlenstoffanteil verwendet werden. Der Kohlenstoffgehalt lässt sich z. B. durch Art und Menge der Dispergierhilfsmittel oder Hydrophobierungsreagenzien beeinflussen. Durch die Verwendung von Silicium-haltigen Bindemitteln, wird im Vergleich zu anderen organischen, überwiegend auf Kohlenstoff basierten, Bindemitteln eine wesentlich geringere Menge an Kohlenstoff in das Verbundmaterial eingebracht und somit eine günstige Brandklasse gewährleistet. The fire class of the composite material obtained after drying is determined by the fire class of the individual components. In order to obtain the best possible fire class of the composite material (flame retardant or incombustible), preferably inorganic hollow particles, particularly preferably based on SiO 2 , ZnO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , should be used with the lowest possible carbon content , The carbon content can be z. B. by the type and amount of dispersing or hydrophobing reagents. By using silicon-containing binders, in comparison to other organic, predominantly carbon-based, binders, a significantly smaller amount of carbon is introduced into the composite material, thus ensuring a favorable fire class.
Bei der Verwendung zusätzlicher Bindemittel ist zu gewährleisten, dass schwer entflammbare Bindemittel wie z. B. anorganische Bindemittel oder Harnstoff- und Melaminformaldehydharze, Siliconharzklebstoffe, Polyimid- und Polybenzimidazol-Harze zum Einsatz kommen. Bei der zusätzlichen Verwendung von Fasermaterialien sind nicht entflammbare Fasertypen, wie z. B. Glas-, Mineral- oder SiC-Fasern, oder schwer entflammbare Fasertypen wie z. B. TREVIRA C® oder Melaminharzfasern zu bevorzugen.When using additional binder is to ensure that flame retardant binder such. As inorganic binders or urea and melamine-formaldehyde resins, silicone resin adhesives, polyimide and polybenzimidazole resins are used. With the additional use of fiber materials are non-flammable fiber types such. As glass, mineral or SiC fibers, or flame retardant fiber types such. As TREVIRA C ® or melamine resin fibers to prefer.
Verarbeitungprocessing
Wird das Material in Form von flächigen Gebilden, wie z. B. Platten oder Matten, verwendet, kann es auf mindestens einer Seite mit mindestens einer Deckschicht kaschiert sein, um die Eigenschaften der Oberfläche zu verbessern, so z. B. die Robustheit zu erhöhen, sie als Dampfsperre auszubilden oder gegen leichte Verschmutzbarkeit zu schützen. Die Deckschichten können auch die mechanische Stabilität des Verbundmaterial-Formteils verbessern. Werden auf beiden Flächen Deckschichten verwendet, so können diese gleich oder verschieden sein.If the material in the form of planar structures, such. As panels or mats used, it may be laminated on at least one side with at least one cover layer to improve the properties of the surface, such. B. increase the robustness, train them as a vapor barrier or protect against slight contamination. The cover layers can also improve the mechanical stability of the composite molding. If cover layers are used on both surfaces, they may be the same or different.
Als Deckschichten eignen sich alle dem Fachmann bekannten Materialien. Sie können nichtporös sein und damit als Dampfsperre wirken, wie z. B. Kunststofffolien, vorzugsweise Metallfolien oder metallisierte Kunststofffolien, die Wärmestrahlung reflektieren. Es können aber auch poröse Deckschichten verwendet werden, die ein Eindringen von Luft in das Material ermöglichen und damit zu einer besseren Schalldämpfung führen, wie z. B. poröse Folien, Papiere, Gewebe oder Vliese.Suitable cover layers are all materials known to the person skilled in the art. They can be non-porous and thus act as a vapor barrier, such. As plastic films, preferably metal foils or metallized plastic films that reflect heat radiation. But it can also be used porous cover layers, which allow air to penetrate into the material and thus lead to better sound attenuation, such. As porous films, papers, fabrics or nonwovens.
Des Weiteren können die Kaschierungen oder Laminierungen beispielsweise unter weitgehender Erhaltung der akustischen Eigenschaften mit so genannten „offenen” Systemen, wie beispielsweise Lochplatten, erfolgen.Furthermore, the laminations or lamination, for example, while largely maintaining the acoustic properties with so-called "open" systems, such as perforated plates, take place.
Die Deckschichten können selbst auch aus mehreren Schichten bestehen. Die Deckschichten können mit dem Bindemittel befestigt sein, durch das die Fasern und die Hohlpartikel untereinander und miteinander verbunden sind, es kann aber auch ein anderer Kleber Verwendung finden.The cover layers themselves can also consist of several layers. The cover layers may be attached to the binder by which the fibers and the hollow particles are bonded to each other and to each other, but another adhesive may be used.
Die Oberfläche des Verbundmaterials kann auch durch Einbringen mindestens eines geeigneten Materials in eine Oberflächenschicht geschlossen und verfestigt werden. Als Materialien sind z. B. thermoplastische Polymere, wie z. B. Polyethylen und Polypropylen, oder Harze wie z. B. Melaminformaldehydharze geeignet.The surface of the composite material may also be closed and solidified by introducing at least one suitable material into a surface layer. As materials are z. B. thermoplastic polymers, such as. As polyethylene and polypropylene, or resins such. As melamine-formaldehyde resins suitable.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmaterialien weisen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten bei Normaldruck zwischen 10 und 80 mW/mK, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 15 bis 60 mW/mK, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 20 bis 50 mW/mK.The composite materials of the invention have thermal conductivities at normal pressure between 10 and 80 mW / mK, preferably in the range of 15 to 60 mW / mK, particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 50 mW / mK.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist die Form oder der Hohlraum an den Innenseiten feuchtigkeitsdurchlässig und hydrophob ausgerüstet. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Übereinanderlegen von Metallsieben und geeigneten Polymerfolien oder Membranen erfolgen.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the mold or the cavity on the insides is moisture-permeable and hydrophobic. This can be done for example by superimposing metal screens and suitable polymer films or membranes.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist der Hohlraum Teil eines bereits bestehenden Objektes, dessen Wärmeeigenschaften durch die angeführte Erfindung verbessert wird. Insbesondere handelt es sich bei dem Objekt um ein Fertigbauteil welches durch precast-Verfahren hergestellt wurde.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the cavity is part of an already existing object whose thermal properties are improved by the cited invention. In particular, the object is a prefabricated component which has been produced by precast methods.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform werden die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmaterialien kombiniert mit anderen Schaumstoffen, beispielsweise Polyurethan und/oder Polystyrol-Schaumstoffen. Hierbei kann das erfindungsgemäße Verbundmaterial mit expandiertem Polystyrol kaschiert oder mit Polystyrol- oder Polyurethan-Schaumstoffen, insbesondere mit expandiertem Polystyrol, abgemischt werden. Das Mischungsverhältnis kann hierbei an die jeweiligen Anforderungen ohne Schwierigkeiten angepasst werden und beispielsweise im Volumenverhältnis 10:90 bis 90:10 liegen.In a further embodiment, the composite materials according to the invention are combined with other foams, for example polyurethane and / or polystyrene foams. In this case, the composite material according to the invention can be laminated with expanded polystyrene or blended with polystyrene or polyurethane foams, in particular with expanded polystyrene. The Mixing ratio can be adapted to the particular requirements without difficulty and, for example, in the volume ratio 10:90 to 90:10.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmaterialien können aufgrund ihrer guten mechanischen Eigenschaften und Wärmedämmeigenschaften auf den verschiedensten Gebieten eingesetzt werden.The composite materials according to the invention can be used in a variety of fields due to their good mechanical properties and thermal insulation properties.
Beispiele hierfür sind die Wärmedämmung von Gebäuden, Heizkesseln, Kühlgeräten, Backöfen (vgl.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verbundmaterial eignet sich bevorzugt zur Wärmedämmung von Gebäuden. Insbesondere eignen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmaterialien zur Innendämmung, um einen Niedrigenergie-Standard zu erreichen, zur Außendämmung, gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit zementären und anorganischen Klebstoffen, sowie als Teil einer Kombination aus Grundputz, Armierungsmörtel und Oberputz, zur Dachdämmung, sowie in technischen Anwendungen in Kühlschränken, Transportboxen, Sandwich-Bauteilen, Rohrdämmungen und technischen Schäumen.The composite material according to the invention is preferably suitable for the thermal insulation of buildings. In particular, the composite materials according to the invention are suitable for internal insulation to achieve a low energy standard, external insulation, optionally in combination with cementitious and inorganic adhesives, as well as part of a combination of base coat, reinforcing mortar and finishing plaster, for roof insulation, as well as in technical applications in refrigerators , Transport boxes, sandwich components, pipe insulation and technical foams.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmaterialien ist daneben, dass ihre Oberfläche homogen und glatt ist. Die Verbundmaterialien lassen sich außerdem besonders einfach durch Sägen, Schleifen oder Schneiden bearbeiten.Another advantage of the composite materials according to the invention is that their surface is homogeneous and smooth. The composite materials can also be processed very easily by sawing, grinding or cutting.
Beispiele:Examples:
Einsatzstoffe:
Darstellung von TiO2-HohlpartikelPreparation of TiO 2 hollow particles
495 g Ethanol, 260 g H2O und 140 g NH3 aq (32%) werden in einen 2 L Rundkolben gegeben und auf 30°C erhitzt. Nun werden sehr schnell 16 g TEOS der Lösung zugetropft und 180 Minuten gerührt. Die entstandenen Silika-Partikel werden abzentrifugiert und 3 mal mit Wasser und 3 mal mit Ethanol gewaschen. Der Rückstand wird anschließend in 500 mL Ethanol redispergiert. Es werden 0,1 g Lutensol A05 (BASF SE) in 2,5 mL Wasser bei 30°C zugeben. Nach 30 min werden 16 mL Ti(IV)-butoxid zugetropft und für weitere 12 h bei 30°C gerührt. Die Partikel werden abzentrifugiert und 4 mal mit Wasser gewaschen. Anschließend wird in 300 mL Wasser redispergiert. Nach 3 Tagen wird die Dispersion bei 50°C getrocknet. Das trockene Pulver wird nun in 1 M NaOH über 24 h gelagert. Anschließend wird abzentrifugiert und 3 mal in Wasser gewaschen. Der Niederschlag wird für 7 h in 50°C warmer 1 M NaOH gelagert. Das entstandene Pulver wird nun filtriert und einmal mit Ethanol und einmal mit Wasser gewaschen und bei 100°C getrocknet. Man erhält ein weißes Pulver aus TiO2-Hohlkugeln mit einem Außendurchmesser von 200 nm–400 nm, einer Wandstärke von 10 nm–50 nm, einem Hohlraum von 100 nm bis 380 nm und einer Schüttdichte von 350 g/L.495 g of ethanol, 260 g of H 2 O and 140 g of NH 3 aq (32%) are placed in a 2 L round bottom flask and heated to 30 ° C. Now very quickly 16 g of TEOS are added dropwise to the solution and stirred for 180 minutes. The resulting silica particles are centrifuged off and washed 3 times with water and 3 times with ethanol. The residue is then redispersed in 500 ml of ethanol. Add 0.1 g of Lutensol A05 (BASF SE) in 2.5 mL of water at 30 ° C. After 30 min, 16 ml of Ti (IV) butoxide are added dropwise and the mixture is stirred at 30 ° C. for a further 12 h. The particles are centrifuged off and washed 4 times with water. It is then redispersed in 300 ml of water. After 3 days, the dispersion is dried at 50.degree. The dry powder is now stored in 1 M NaOH for 24 h. It is then centrifuged off and washed 3 times in water. The precipitate is stored for 7 hours in 50 ° C warm 1 M NaOH. The resulting powder is then filtered and washed once with ethanol and once with water and dried at 100 ° C. A white powder of TiO 2 hollow spheres with an outer diameter of 200 nm-400 nm, a wall thickness of 10 nm-50 nm, a cavity of 100 nm to 380 nm and a bulk density of 350 g / l is obtained.
Beispiel 1: Verbundmaterial aus TiO2 HohlpartikelExample 1: Composite Material of TiO 2 Hollow Particles
9,6 g Acronal S 790 (BASF SE) werden in einem 250 ml Becherglas vorgelegt und mit 60 ml destilliertem Wasser verdünnt. Unter gutem Rühren werden nun 47,9 g TiO2-Hohlpartikel portionsweise zugegeben und gegen Ende der Zugabe die Mischung aufgrund der steigenden Viskosität mit einem Spachtel kräftig gerührt. Die Mischung wird anschließend in eine Aluminiumform mit den Abmessungen 10 × 10 × 2 cm gefüllt, mittels einer Abdeckplatte und einer Volumenreduktion von 10% leicht verpresst und die Mischung in der Form im Trockenschrank bei 70°C für 5 Tage getrocknet. Danach wird das Verbundmaterial entformt und vermessen.9.6 g of Acronal S 790 (BASF SE) are placed in a 250 ml beaker and diluted with 60 ml of distilled water. With good stirring now 47.9 g of TiO 2 hollow particles are added in portions and towards the end of the addition, the mixture is vigorously stirred with a spatula due to the increasing viscosity. The mixture is then filled into an aluminum mold with the dimensions 10 × 10 × 2 cm, slightly compressed by means of a cover plate and a volume reduction of 10% and the mixture dried in the form in a drying oven at 70 ° C for 5 days. Thereafter, the composite material is removed from the mold and measured.
Eigenschaften des Verbundmaterials aus Beispiel 1: Properties of the Composite Material of Example 1:
- Dichte: 420 g/LDensity: 420 g / L
-
Wärmeleitfähigkeit: 43 mW/mK, gemessen nach
DIN EN 12667 DIN EN 12667 -
BET Oberfläche: 40,6 m2/g, mittlere Porengrösse 4,9 nm, beide Werte gemessen mittels Stickstoff-Intrusion nach
DIN ISO 9277 DIN ISO 9277 - Porengrössenverteilung, gemessen mit Quecksilber-Intrusion: von 800 nm bis 20 nm mit einem Maximum bei 150 nm. Verwendet wurde das Gerät PoreMaster 33 der Firma Quantachrome GmbH & Co. KG.Pore size distribution measured with mercury intrusion: from 800 nm to 20 nm with a maximum at 150 nm. The device PoreMaster 33 from Quantachrome GmbH & Co. KG was used.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
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WO2020126261A2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Rotor blade mould for producing a rotor blade, and method |
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Cited By (3)
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