DE10213905A1 - Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Beatmungsgerätes und Anlage hierfür - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Beatmungsgerätes und Anlage hierfürInfo
- Publication number
- DE10213905A1 DE10213905A1 DE10213905A DE10213905A DE10213905A1 DE 10213905 A1 DE10213905 A1 DE 10213905A1 DE 10213905 A DE10213905 A DE 10213905A DE 10213905 A DE10213905 A DE 10213905A DE 10213905 A1 DE10213905 A1 DE 10213905A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- tube
- cuff
- ventilator
- balloon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0434—Cuffs
- A61M16/044—External cuff pressure control or supply, e.g. synchronisation with respiration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/03—Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs
- A61B5/036—Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs by means introduced into body tracts
- A61B5/037—Measuring oesophageal pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
- A61M16/022—Control means therefor
- A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0402—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for
- A61M16/0409—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for with mean for closing the oesophagus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0434—Cuffs
- A61M16/045—Cuffs with cuffs partially or completely inflated by the respiratory gas
- A61M16/0452—Cuffs with cuffs partially or completely inflated by the respiratory gas following the inspiration and expiration pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0402—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for
- A61M16/0415—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for with access means to the stomach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3344—Measuring or controlling pressure at the body treatment site
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/10—Trunk
- A61M2210/1042—Alimentary tract
- A61M2210/105—Oesophagus
Abstract
Description
- - der tracheo-bronchiale Atemwegsdruck Ptrach am distalen Ende des Trachealtubus kann gemessen bzw. errechnet werden,
- - die obere Beatmungsdruckgrenze (Pmax) des Beatmungsgerätes kann am gemessenen intra-Cuffdruck Pcuff und damit am tracheobronchialen Atemwegsdruck Ptrach am distalen Ende des Trachealtubus orientiert werden,
- - die Beatmung bei druckunterstützten bzw. druckkontrollierten Beatmungsverfahren kann am gemessenen intra-Cuffdruck Pcuff und damit am tracheobronchialen Atemwegsdruck Ptrach am distalen Ende des Trachealtubus als zu erreichender Zielbeatmungsdruck orientiert werden,
- - die vom Beatmungsgerät (Respirator) zur Überwindung des Flußwiderstandes des Trachealtubus zu erzeugende Druckdifferenz ΔP kann durch Messung des intra-Cuffdrucks Pcuff entsprechend dem tracheobronchialen Atemwegsdruck Ptrach durch Subtraktion vom proximalen Atemwegsdruck einfach ermittelt und so von Atemhub zu Atemhub dem jeweiligen aktuellen Flusswiderstand des Trachealtubus angepaßt werden,
- - anhand von intra-thorakal atemmechanisch bedingten Schwankungen des intra-Cuffdrucks Pcuff kann die Triggerung des Beatmungsgerätes bestmöglich synchron mit dem Zeitpunkt des Beginns der thorakalen Atembewegung des Patienten erfolgen.
- - die Synchronisation von Beatmungsgerät und Patient: zu optimieren, beispielsweise eine latenzfreie Triggerung des Beatmungsgerätes und bestmöglichen zeitlichen Abgleich der Beatmungs- bzw. Atmungszyklen von Beatmungsgerät und Patient zu erreichen,
- - die Eigenatmungsleistung des Patienten kontinuierlich im zeitlichen Verlauf darzustellen und als Feedback Parameter für den Therapeuten zu erschließen.
Überschreitet der tracheo-bronchiale Atemwegsdruck (Ptrach) einen im Beatmungsgerät einzugebenden oberen Beatmungsdruckwert Pmax, so bricht der maschinelle Beatmungshub ab bzw. die Ventile des Beatmungsgerätes schalten zur sofortigen Entlastung auf Exspiration um. Konventionelle Beatmungsgeräte messen den Atemwegsdruck Presp am proximalen, d. h. äußeren Ende des Trachealtubus bzw. im Schlauchsystem des Beatmungsgerätes. Der tatsächlich in der Lunge herrschende Atemwegsdruck Ptrach am distalen Ende des Trachealtubus kann mit herkömmlicher Gerätetechnik daher nicht direkt ermittelt werden. Daher sind bekannte Beatmungsgeräte bereits mit einer Option für eine Kompensation des flussabhängigen Tubuswiderstands (automatische Tubuskompensation) in Gestalt einer rechnerischen Näherung des am distalen Tubusende herrschenden Atemwegsdrucks (Ptrach) durch einen Kompensationsalgorithmus ausgestattet, der sich an der, einmalig bei Beatmungsbeginn, manuell in das Beatmungsgerät einzugebenden Größe des eingesetzten Trachealtubus (Innendurchmesser) sowie in der Folge nur noch den im Gerät gemessenen Flüssen orientiert.
Bei Beatmungssituationen, in denen der Beatmungsdruck in der Trachea (Ptrach) den intra-Cuffdruck Pcuff überschreitet, kann der vom Beatmungsgerät aufgebaute respiratorische Druck, z. B. bei der druckunterstützten Beatmung oder kontrollierten Beatmungsmodi am intra- Cuffdruck des Cuffs eines in die Trachea des Patienten eingeführten Trachealtubus als steuernde bzw. kontrollierende Meßgröße orientiert werden. Durch die Messung des effektiven tracheobronchialen Atemwegsdruckes über den intra-Cuffdruck, siehe Abb. 1, verfügt der Anwender über einen echten in der Patientenlunge gemessenen Parameter und damit über zusätzliche Sicherheit und Präzision bei der Beatmung mittels eines Beatmungsgerätes, siehe Schema Abb. 6.
ΔP = const × Fluß2, wobei das ΔP den zu errechnenden Kompensationsdruck darstellt.
Um einen unterstützenden maschinellen Atemhub auszulösen, muß vom Patienten durch seine Eigenatmung ein vorgegebener inspiratorischer Mindestfluß bzw. ein Mindestdruckabfall im Schlauchsystem des Beatmungsgerätes erzeugt werden - Triggerung. Um ein derartiges Triggersignal zu erzeugen, sind jedoch vom Patienten die Widerstände des Thorax und der Lunge, ein eventuell auf der vorerkrankten Lunge lastender end-exspiratorischer Druck (intrinsischer PEEP) sowie die Widerstände des Beatmungstubus und des zuführenden Schlauchsystems zu überwinden.
Um auch bei schwächster Eigenatmung des Patienten den frühzeitigen Übergang in ein assistierendes Beatmungsmuster zu ermöglichen, sollte ein Beatmungsgerät über die Option verfügen, die Atemmechanik des Patienten, bei Bedarf, maximal zu entlasten.
Respiratoren - Beatmungsgeräte - herkömmlicher Konzeption sind nicht für das Monitoring der Patientenatemarbeit auf der Basis echter, im Patienten gemessener atemmechanischer Funktionsparameter ausgestattet. Zwar werden vom Respirator Größen wie Tidalvolumen, Beatmungsdruck und Beatmungsfluß ermittelt, eine für den Anwender intuitiv zu erschließende Darstellung der aktuellen bzw. mittel- und langfristigen Auswirkung eines gewählten Beatmungsregimes auf die Effizienz der Atemmechanik des Patienten ist bislang jedoch nicht verfügbar.
Die jeweils aktuellen Atemarbeitszyklen werden als nicht korrigiertes Originalsignal, z. B. in der Farbe Rot dargestellt. Um den Trainingseffekt der jeweiligen Geräteeinstellung auf eine einfach zu erschließende Weise über einen mittel- bis langfristigen Zeitraum im Monitor darzustellen, werden die Atemzyklen (Loops) von z. B. 5 Minuten statistisch gemittelt und der resultierende Loop anschließend auf dem Monitor als repräsentative Atemarbeitskurve des entsprechenden Zeitraums abgebildet. Dem Loop wird ein bestimmter Farbwert, z. B. hellblau zugeordnet.
- a) ausgeprägte thorakale Atemexkursionen mit geringem Tidalvolumen (Totraumatmung); dunkelblau
- b) hoher Inspirationsdruck mit resultierendem hohen Tidalvolumen, weitgehende atemmechanische Entlastung der Patientenatemmuskulatur
- a) Kompensation des geringeren Minutenvolumens durch verstärkte Atemarbeit bei den nicht assistierten spontanen Atemzügen (gesteigertes Tidalvolumen)
- b) Tidalvolumen sinkt, partielle Kompensation der unterstützenden Komponente durch forcierte Patientenatemarbeit (gesteigerte thorakale Atemarbeit)
- a) Steigerung der nicht unterstützten Patientenatemarbeit mit zunehmendem Tidalvolumen
- b) zunehmender Patientenanteil am Atemhub mit Steigerung des Tidalvolumens
- a) fortschreitender Trainingserfolg, zunehmendes Tidalvolumen bei konstanter thorakaler Atemarbeit; hellblau
- b) Reduktion der Druckunterstützung wird durch gesteigerte Eigenarbeit kompensiert, das Tidalvolumen bleibt konstant
- a) Der Patient ist zu schwach, um einen Volumenstrom zu erzeugen, dies bedeutet, daß PPS für solche Patienten nicht geeignet ist. Ein Wechsel auf eine ösophageal getriggerte druckunterstützte Beatmung, z. B. PSV- Modus ist erforderlich.
- b) Die Loops b bis e zeigen, daß der Patient einen ausreichenden Volumenstrom erzeugt, kontinuierliche Steigerung der Atemarbeit durch schrittweise empirische Anpassung der Optionen Fluß- und Volumenkompensation des PPS-Modus an die pulmonale Elastance und Resistence erfolgt.
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10213905A DE10213905C2 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-28 | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Beatmungsgerätes und Anlage hierfür |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10116195 | 2001-03-30 | ||
DE10213905A DE10213905C2 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-28 | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Beatmungsgerätes und Anlage hierfür |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10213905A1 true DE10213905A1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
DE10213905C2 DE10213905C2 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
Family
ID=7679970
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE10213905A Expired - Fee Related DE10213905C2 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-28 | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Beatmungsgerätes und Anlage hierfür |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7040321B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10213905C2 (de) |
Cited By (26)
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WO2004101048A2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-25 | Mallinckrodt Inc | Tracheal tube with inner and outer cannulas |
EP1558321A1 (de) * | 2002-11-06 | 2005-08-03 | Resmed Limited | Maske und ihre bestandteile |
WO2010141415A1 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-12-09 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc | Trachea pressure determination method and device |
US9724488B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2017-08-08 | Resmed Limited | Cushion for a respiratory mask assembly |
US9757533B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2017-09-12 | Resmed Limited | Mask system with snap-fit shroud |
US9827391B2 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2017-11-28 | Resmed Limited | Delivery of respiratory therapy |
US9937315B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2018-04-10 | Resmed Limited | Mask with removable headgear connector |
US9937312B2 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2018-04-10 | Resmed Limited | Delivery of respiratory therapy with foam interface |
US9962510B2 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2018-05-08 | Resmed Limited | Respiratory mask assembly |
US9987450B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2018-06-05 | Resmed Limited | Interface including a foam cushioning element |
US10029063B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2018-07-24 | Resmed Limited | Patient interface systems |
US10137270B2 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2018-11-27 | Resmed Limited | Cushion to frame assembly mechanism |
US10166357B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2019-01-01 | Resmed Limited | Delivery of respiratory therapy with nasal interface |
US10195384B2 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2019-02-05 | Resmed Limited | Cushion and cushion to frame assembly mechanism for patient interface |
US10245404B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2019-04-02 | Resmed Limited | Patient interface systems |
US10265489B2 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2019-04-23 | Resmed Limited | Foam-based interfacing structure |
EP3520850A1 (de) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-07 | Löwenstein Medical Technology S.A. | System zur erfassung von atemanstrengungen eines patienten |
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US7040321B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 |
US20030000526A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
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