DE10314072B4 - Surgical instrument - Google Patents

Surgical instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
DE10314072B4
DE10314072B4 DE10314072A DE10314072A DE10314072B4 DE 10314072 B4 DE10314072 B4 DE 10314072B4 DE 10314072 A DE10314072 A DE 10314072A DE 10314072 A DE10314072 A DE 10314072A DE 10314072 B4 DE10314072 B4 DE 10314072B4
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Prior art keywords
handle
catch
handle parts
instrument according
handle part
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DE10314072A
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German (de)
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DE10314072A1 (en
Inventor
Rupert Dipl.-Ing. Mayenberger
Jens Ole Dipl.-Ing. Weißgraf
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Aesculap AG
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Aesculap AG
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/2812Surgical forceps with a single pivotal connection
    • A61B17/2833Locking means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2946Locking means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/30Surgical pincettes without pivotal connections
    • A61B2017/305Tweezer like handles with tubular extensions, inner slidable actuating members and distal tools, e.g. microsurgical instruments

Abstract

Chirurgisches Instrument mit zwei gegeneinander bewegbaren Griffteilen und mit einer Umlaufsperre zur gegenseitigen Fixierung der Griffteile in einer Schließstellung und zur Lösung der Fixierung beim weiteren Annähern der Griffteile über die Schließstellung hinaus in eine Öffnungsstellung, die an einem ersten Griffteil einen Rastrücksprung und an einem zweiten Griffteil eine in diesen eingreifende und dadurch die Griffteile in der Schließstellung fixierende Raste umfaßt, die beim Schließen der Griffteile an einer Seite des Rastrücksprunges vorbeibewegt wird und beim Öffnen an der anderen, wobei an dem ersten Griffteil eine erste Steuerkurve angeordnet ist, die beim Schließen der Griffteile gegen einen die Schließbewegung begrenzenden Anschlag die Raste in eine Einraststellung bringt, in der sie beim Öffnen der Griffteile zwangsläufig in den Rastrücksprung eintritt, wobei der Rastrücksprung eine zweite Steuerkurve trägt, die die Raste beim Eintauchen in den Rastrücksprung aus einer der ersten Steuerkurve gegenüberliegenden Eintrittsposition in eine einer dritten Steuerkurve am ersten Griffteil...surgical Instrument with two mutually movable handle parts and with a circulation lock for mutual fixation of the handle parts in a closed position and to the solution the fixation on further approaching the handle parts over the closed position out into an open position, the at a first handle part a latch return and at a second Handle part in this engaging and thereby the handle parts in the closed position includes fixing catch, when closing the handle parts is moved past on one side of the latch recess and when opening at the other, wherein at the first handle part, a first cam is arranged when closing the handle parts against a closing movement limiting stop the latch brings into a latching position, in which they open the Grips inevitably in the latch jump occurs, wherein the latch return a second control curve, the catch when diving into the latch return from one of the first Control cam opposite Entry position into a third control curve on the first handle part ...

Figure 00000001
Figure 00000001

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein chirurgisches Instrument mit zwei gegeneinander bewegbaren Griffteilen und mit einer Umlaufsperre zur gegenseitigen Fixierung der Griffteile in einer Schließstellung und zur Lösung der Fixierung beim weiteren Annähern der Griffteile über die Schließstellung hinaus in eine Öffnungsstellung, die an einem ersten Griffteil einen Rastrücksprung und an einem zweiten Griffteil eine in diesen eingreifende und dadurch die Griffteile in der Schließstellung fixierende Raste umfaßt, die beim Schließen der Griffteile an einer Seite des Rastrücksprunges vorbeibewegt wird und beim Öffnen an der anderen, wobei an dem ersten Griffteil eine erste Steuerkurve angeordnet ist, die beim Schließen der Griffteile gegen einen die Schließbewegung begrenzenden Anschlag die Raste in eine Einraststellung bringt, in der sie beim Öffnen der Griffteile zwangsläufig in den Rastrücksprung eintritt, wobei der Rastrücksprung eine zweite Steuerkurve trägt, die die Raste beim Eintauchen in den Rastrücksprung aus einer der ersten Steuerkurve gegenüberliegenden Eintrittsposition in eine einer dritten Steuerkurve am ersten Griffteil gegenüberliegende Austrittsposition bewegt, und wobei die dritte Steuerkurve die Raste beim erneuten Schließen der Griffteile aus der Schließstellung heraus in eine Ausraststellung bringt, aus der sie beim Öffnen der Griffteile zwangsläufig am Rastrücksprung vorbeibewegt wird.The The invention relates to a surgical instrument with two against each other movable handle parts and with a circulation lock to each other Fixation of the handle parts in a closed position and to solve the Fixation on further approaching the handle parts over the closed position out into an open position, the at a first handle part a latch return and at a second Handle part in this engaging and thereby the handle parts in the closed position includes fixing catch, when closing the handle parts is moved past on one side of the latch recess and when opening at the other, wherein at the first handle part, a first cam is arranged when closing the handle parts against a closing movement limiting stop the latch brings into a latching position, in which they open the Grips inevitably in the latch jump enters, with the latch return carries a second cam, the catch when diving into the latch return from one of the first Control cam opposite entry position in a third control cam on the first handle part opposite Exit position moves, and wherein the third control cam the latch closing again the handle parts from the closed position out into a disengaged position, from which they open the Grips inevitably on Engagement recess is moved past.

Chirurgische Instrumente dieser Art werden mit einer solchen Umlaufsperre ausgestattet, damit die beiden Griffteile in der Schließstellung fixiert und in einfacher Weise durch erneutes Gegeneinanderdrücken der Griffteile wieder voneinander gelöst werden können. Beispielsweise ist ein solches Instrument aus der DE 42 07 124 C1 bekannt.Surgical instruments of this type are equipped with such a circulation lock, so that the two handle parts fixed in the closed position and can be solved in a simple manner by again pressing against each other of the handle parts again from each other. For example, such an instrument is from the DE 42 07 124 C1 known.

Bei all diesen Instrumenten besteht das Problem, daß beim Schließen der Griffteile darauf geachtet werden muß, die Griffteile nicht zu weit einander anzunähern, da sonst die Raste am Rastrücksprung vorbei bewegt wird und sofort wieder beim Loslassen der Griffteile an dem Rastrücksprung vorbeiläuft, ohne in diesen einzurasten. Mit anderen Worten darf man die Griffteile nicht so weit einander annähern, daß bereits beim ersten Annähern wieder eine Lösung der Umlaufsperre eintritt, ohne daß diese vorher überhaupt in den Rastrücksprung eingerastet ist. Der Operateur muß daher beim Schließen der Griffteile sehr vorsichtig vorgehen, um tatsächlich die Einrastung zu erreichen und nicht versehentlich die Griffteile bis zur Löseposition von Raste und Rastrücksprung zu bewegen.at All these instruments have the problem that when closing the Handle parts must be taken to the handle parts not to to approach each other otherwise the catch on the latch return jump is moved past and immediately when releasing the handle parts at the latch return passes, without locking into it. In other words, you can use the handle parts not so close to each other, that already on the first approach again a solution the circulation lock occurs without them before at all in the latch jump is engaged. The surgeon must therefore when closing the Handle handles very carefully to actually lock into place and do not inadvertently move the handles to the release position of detent and latch return to move.

Ein medizinisches Instrument mit einer einfachen Zahnstangensperre ist aus der DE 93 14 581.0 U1 bekannt. Bei dieser Zahnstangensperre stehen von beiden Griffteilen Sperrenteile in den Raum zwischen den Griffteilen vor und wirken in diesem Zwischenraum zwischen den Griffteilen zusammen. Es handelt sich dabei um sperrige Bauteile an den Griffteilen, die schwer zu reinigen sind und die gegebenenfalls zu Verletzungen Anlaß geben können.A medical instrument with a simple rack lock is out of the box DE 93 14 581.0 U1 known. In this rack lock are from both handle parts locking parts in the space between the handle parts and act together in this space between the handle parts. These are bulky components on the handle parts that are difficult to clean and that can possibly cause injuries.

In der deutschen Patentschrift 842 112 ist ein selbsttätiger Zangenverschluß beschrieben, der aufgesetzt auf die Innenseite einer Zangenbranche einen Steg oder Vorsprung aufweist, in den eine komplizierte Steuerkurve eingearbeitet ist. Diese wird von einem Stift an einem federnden Hebel der anderen Zangenbranche abgefahren, wenn die Zange geschlossen wird. Der Vorsprung mit der Steuerkurve ist sperrig ausgebildet und kann daher die Handhabung des Instruments behindern, außerdem besteht die Gefahr, daß man an diesem Vorsprung hängenbleibt, das kann zu Verletzungen führen.In the German Patent 842 112 is described an automatic pliers closure, which has placed on the inside of a pliers industry a web or projection, in which a complicated cam is incorporated. This is traversed by a pin on a resilient lever of the other pliers industry, when the pliers is closed. The projection with the cam is cumbersome and therefore can hinder the handling of the instrument, also there is a risk that you get caught on this projection, which can lead to injury.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein chirurgisches Instrument der gattungsgemäßen Art so weiterzubilden, daß die Handhabbarkeit des Instruments trotz der relativ komplizierten Umlaufsperre nicht beeinträchtigt wird.It The object of the invention is a surgical instrument of the generic type educate so that the Handling of the instrument despite the relatively complicated circulation lock not impaired becomes.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Instrument erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Rastrücksprung sowie die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve in einem Einsatz angeordnet sind, der in das erste Griffteil eingesetzt ist.These Task is in a generic instrument according to the invention thereby solved that the latch jump and the first and third control cams arranged in an insert are inserted in the first handle part.

Es wird also eine Zwangsführung der Raste dergestalt vorgenommen, daß beim Schließen der Griffteile diese bis auf einen Anschlag geschlossen werden und daß dabei die Raste durch die erste Steuerkurve in eine Position bewegt wird, aus der sie beim öffnen der Griffteile zwangsläufig in den Rastrücksprung eintreten muß. Im Rastrücksprung selbst wird die Raste durch die Steuerkurve der Raste so weit bewegt, daß bei einem erneuten Schließen der Griffteile die Raste nicht wieder zurück in die erste Steuerkurve gelangt, sondern jetzt in eine dritte, neben der ersten Steuerkurve angeordnete Steuerkurve, welche die Raste beim anschließenden öffnen der Griffteile seitlich an dem Rastrücksprung vorbeiführt. Der Benutzer kann also beim Schließen der Griffteile diese bis auf einen Anschlag einander annähern und ist sicher, daß beim anschließenden Loslassen der Griffteile die Raste in den Rastrücksprung eintritt und dadurch die Griffteile in der Schließstellung verriegelt. Erst bei einem erneuten Zusammendrücken der Griffteile wird diese Verriegelung gelöst, besondere Sorgfalt muß der Benutzer dabei nicht auf die Schließbewegung richten, da diese in jedem Fall bis zu dem Anschlag durchgeführt wird.It becomes a forced tour the catch made such that when closing the handle parts these are closed up to a stop and that thereby the catch is moved to a position by the first control cam, from the open the handle parts inevitably in the latch jump must enter. In the latch return even the catch is moved so far by the control cam of the catch that at a renewed closing the grip parts the catch is not back to the first cam but now in a third, next to the first cam arranged cam, which the catch in the subsequent open the Handle parts laterally to the latch return passes. The user can thus close this when closing the handle parts approach each other to a stop and is sure that at subsequent Release the handle parts the catch enters the latching recess and thereby the handle parts in the closed position locked. Only with a renewed compression of the handle parts is this Lock solved, special care must the Do not direct the user to the closing movement, because this in any case, until the stop is carried out.

Eine solche Ausgestaltung läßt sich bei allen chirurgischen Instrumenten einsetzen, bei denen durch eine Schließbewegung von zwei Griffteilen ein Werkzeug bewegt werden soll, beispielsweise bei Klemmen, Scheren, Zangen, Pinzetten etc. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Griffteile über eine Überlastfeder auf die Werkzeuge wirken, so daß bei der vollständigen Schließbewegung der Griffteile gegen einen Anschlag die Werkzeuge gegebenenfalls einen geringeren Weg zurücklegen, falls sie durch zwischen den Werkzeugen liegende Teile an einer vollständigen Schließbewegung der Werkzeuge gehindert sind. Trotzdem kann der Benutzer die Griffteile bis zum vollständigen Schließen gegen ihren Anschlag bewegen.Such a configuration can be used in all surgical instruments in which a tool is to be moved by a closing movement of two handle parts, for example at Clamps, scissors, pliers, tweezers, etc. It is advantageous if the handle parts act on an overload spring on the tools, so that in the complete closing movement of the handle parts against a stop, the tools optionally cover a smaller way, if they pass through between the tools lying parts are prevented from a complete closing movement of the tools. Nevertheless, the user can move the handle parts until fully closed against their stop.

Grundsätzlich wäre es möglich, daß die Raste durch eine bahnförmige Steuerkurve vollständig in ihrer Bewegung geführt wird, es ist aber gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besonders vorteilhaft, wenn auf die Raste eine Feder wirkt, die die Raste bei Auslenkung nach beiden Seiten in eine Mittelstellung zurückbewegt. Bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung genügt es, die Steuerkurve als einfache Kulisse auszubilden, die einseitig an der Raste anliegt und die Raste entgegen der Wirkung der Feder nach der einen oder der anderen Seite auslenkt.Basically it would be possible for the catch by a web-shaped Cam fully guided in their movement is, but it is according to a preferred embodiment particularly advantageous if the spring acts on a spring, the the detent on deflection on both sides in a middle position moved back. In such an embodiment, it is sufficient, the cam as form a simple backdrop that rests on one side of the catch and the catch against the action of the spring after the one or the other side deflects.

Günstig ist es, wenn die Raste verschwenkbar an dem zweiten Griffteil gelagert ist.Cheap is it when the catch is pivotally mounted on the second handle part is.

Auch die Umkehrung dieses Prinzips ist möglich, die Raste kann feststehen und die Steuerkurve kann an den Griffteilen beweglich gelagert werden, so daß sich auch in diesem Falle die beschriebene Relativbewegung ergibt. Insbesondere kann auch der Einsatz über eine Feder in einer Mittelstellung gehalten und gegen die Federkraft nach beiden Seiten auslenkbar sein.Also the reversal of this principle is possible, the catch can be fixed and the control cam can be movably mounted on the handle parts, so that also in this case results in the described relative movement. Especially can also use over a spring held in a central position and against the spring force to be deflectable to both sides.

Die Schließbewegung der Griffteile kann durch einen Anschlag begrenzt sein, der als separater Anschlag an den Griffteilen vorgesehen ist, bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird jedoch der die Schließbewegung der Griffteile begrenzende Anschlag durch die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve einerseits und die Raste andererseits gebildet. Beim Schließen wird also die Raste gegen einen Tiefstpunkt der Steuerkurve gedrückt, und dadurch wird die Schließbewegung begrenzt, bei der Öffnung der Griffteile aus dieser Anschlagposition bewegt sich dann die Raste längs der Steuerkurve in eine Position, in der sie entweder in den Rastrücksprung eintritt oder aber in der dritten Steuerkurve am Rastrücksprung vorbeigeführt wird.The closing movement The handle parts may be limited by a stop, as Separate stop is provided on the handle parts, at a particularly preferred embodiment However, this is the closing movement the handle parts limiting stop by the first and the third Control cam on the one hand and the catch formed on the other. At the Shut down So the catch is pressed against a trough of the cam, and this will cause the closing movement limited, at the opening of the Handle parts from this stop position then moves the catch along the Control cam in a position in which it either enters the latch return or is passed in the third cam on the latch return jump.

Es wäre aber natürlich auch möglich, den Anschlag einfach an den Griffteilen anzuordnen, so daß die Schließbewegung der Griffteile direkt begrenzt wird. Beispielsweise könnten an beiden Griffteilen entsprechende Anschlagflächen vorgesehen sein, die ein weiteres Zusammenführen der Griffteile begrenzen.It but would be Naturally also possible, simply to arrange the stop on the handle parts, so that the closing movement the handle parts is limited directly. For example, could Both handle parts corresponding stop surfaces may be provided, the one further merging limit the grip parts.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve durch die Seitenflächen eines Vorsprungs gebildet werden, der dem Rastrücksprung gegenüberliegt. Beispielsweise kann dieser Vorsprung keilförmig ausgebildet sein.It is advantageous if the first and the third control curve through the side surfaces a projection are formed, which is opposite to the latching return. For example, this projection may be wedge-shaped.

Der Rastrücksprung ist vorzugsweise zum ersten Griffteil hin offen und kann beispielsweise keilförmig ausgebildet sein.Of the Engagement recess is preferably open to the first handle part and can, for example cuneiform be educated.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist weiterhin vorgesehen, daß an dem Rastrücksprung an seiner dem ersten Griffteil abgewandten Seite eine Aufgleitfläche für die Raste angeordnet ist, welche diese beim Schließen der Griffteile entgegen der Wirkung der Feder aus ihrer Mittelstellung heraus bewegt.at a preferred embodiment is further provided that at to the latch return on its side facing away from the first handle part a sliding surface for the catch is arranged, which oppose this when closing the handle parts the action of the spring moves out of its center position out.

Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, daß an dem Rastrücksprung an seiner dem ersten Griffteil abgewandten Seite eine Aufgleitfläche für die Raste angeordnet ist, welche diese beim Öffnen der Griffteile entgegen der Wirkung der Feder aus ihrer Mittelstellung heraus bewegt. Die Bewegungsrichtung der Raste längs der Aufgleitflächen ist dabei beim Öffnen und Schließen entgegengesetzt und die durch die Feder definierte Mittelstellung ist so gewählt, daß die Raste beim Schließen der Griffteile aus der vollständig geöffneten Stellung auf die Aufgleitfläche trifft, die die Raste in die erste Steuerkurve führt.Farther can be provided that on the Engagement recess arranged on its side facing away from the first handle part a sliding surface for the catch which is this when opening the handle parts against the action of the spring from its center position moved out. The direction of movement of the catch along the slide surfaces is while opening and Shut down opposite and defined by the spring center position is chosen that the catch while closing the handle parts from the completely open Position on the sliding surface meets, which leads the catch in the first cam.

Die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve können gemeinsam einen W-förmigen Verlauf haben, dabei ist es günstig, wenn die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve an ihren tiefsten Stellen verrundet sind.The first and the third control curve can together have a W-shaped course have, it is cheap, when the first and the third control curve at their lowest points rounded.

Es kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Raste die Form eines quer zur Schließrichtung der Griffteile verlaufenden Steges hat. Dieser Steg kann vorzugsweise am freien Ende eines schwenkbar am zweiten Griffteil gelagerten Haltearmes angeordnet sein.It can be provided that the Snap the shape of a transverse to the closing direction of the handle parts Steges has. This web can preferably be pivoted at the free end of a Be arranged on the second handle part supporting arms.

Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, daß der Rastrücksprung und gegebenenfalls die Aufgleitflächen Teil eines Quersteges sind, der quer zur Schließrichtung verlaufend am ersten Griffteil gehalten ist.Farther can be provided that the latch return and optionally the sliding surfaces part of a crossbar which are transverse to the closing direction is kept running on the first handle part.

Die Griffteile können in beliebiger Weise gegeneinander bewegbar sein, besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Griffteile gegeneinander verschwenkbar sind.The Handle parts can be movable in any way against each other, particularly advantageous It is when the handle parts are mutually pivotable.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen der Erfindung dient im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung der näheren Erläuterung. Es zeigen:The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention used in conjunction with the drawings for further explanation. Show it:

1: eine Längsschnittansicht durch einen Handgriff mit zwei gegeneinander verschwenkbaren Griffteilen und einer Umlaufsperre bei vollständig geöffneten Griffteilen; 1 a longitudinal sectional view through a handle with two mutually pivotable Handle parts and a circulation lock with fully open handle parts;

2: eine Detailansicht des Bereiches der Umlaufsperre beim ersten Teil der Schließbewegung; 2 a detailed view of the area of the circulation lock at the first part of the closing movement;

3: eine Darstellung ähnlich 2 beim Eintritt der Raste in eine erste Steuerkurve am ersten Griffteil; 3 : a representation similar 2 upon entry of the catch in a first control cam on the first handle part;

4: eine Ansicht ähnlich 2 beim Eintritt der Raste in den Rastrücksprung des ersten Griffteils; 4 : a view similar 2 at the entrance of the detent in the latching recess of the first handle part;

5: eine Ansicht ähnlich 2 mit der Raste in der Verriegelungsstellung im Rastrücksprung; 5 : a view similar 2 with the catch in the locking position in the latching return;

6: eine Ansicht ähnlich 2 beim Eintritt der Raste in die dritte Steuerkurve am ersten Griffteil; 6 : a view similar 2 upon entry of the catch in the third control cam on the first handle part;

7: eine Ansicht ähnlich 2 beim Austritt der Raste aus dem Rastrücksprung am ersten Griffteil und 7 : a view similar 2 at the exit of the catch from the latch return on the first handle part and

8: eine Ansicht ähnlich 2 bei der Öffnungsbewegung der Griffteile kurz vor Erreichen der vollständigen Öffnung. 8th : a view similar 2 at the opening movement of the handle parts just before reaching the full opening.

Das in der Zeichnung nur teilweise dargestellte Instrument 1 kann beispielsweise ein Rohrschaftinstrument mit zwei Klemmwerkzeugen oder zwei Schneidwerkzeugen sein oder ein Nadelhalter, eine Zange oder ein ähnliches Instrument. In der Zeichnung ist von diesem Instrument 1 nur ein Handgriff 2 dargestellt, der ein feststehendes zweites Griffteil 3 und ein schwenkbar an diesem gelagertes erstes Griffteil 4 umfaßt.The only partially shown in the drawing instrument 1 may be, for example, a tubular shaft instrument with two clamping tools or two cutting tools or a needle holder, a pair of pliers or a similar instrument. In the drawing is from this instrument 1 just a handle 2 shown, which is a fixed second handle part 3 and a pivotally mounted on this first handle part 4 includes.

Die beiden Griffteile werden über eine an beiden Griffteilen angreifende Biegefeder 5 in eine Offenstellung verschwenkt, in der sie maximal voneinander entfernt sind. Mit dem zweiten Griffteil 3 ist ein Außenrohr 6 fest verbunden, in dem eine Betätigungsstange 7 verschiebbar aufgenommen ist. Diese wird unter Zwischenschaltung einer Überlastschutzfeder 8 über einen mit dem ersten Griffteil 4 verschwenkbar verbundenen Betätigungshebel 9 beim Öffnen und Schließen der Griffteile zurück – und vorgeschoben und kann dann am anderen Ende ein Werkzeug betätigen.The two handle parts are attacked by a bending spring acting on both handle parts 5 pivoted in an open position in which they are maximally removed from each other. With the second handle part 3 is an outer tube 6 firmly connected, in which an actuating rod 7 slidably received. This is done with the interposition of an overload protection spring 8th about one with the first handle part 4 pivotally connected actuating lever 9 when opening and closing the handle parts back - and advanced and can then operate a tool on the other end.

Am zweiten Griffteil ist in einer Ausnehmung 10 um eine parallel zur Schwenkachse des ersten Griffteiles 1 verlaufende Schwenkachse ein Rastkörper 11 verschwenkbar gelagert, der mit einem Haltearm 12 aus der Ausnehmung 10 hervorsteht und dort mit dem keilförmig zulaufenden Ende des Haltearms 12 auf das erste Griffteil 1 weist. Der Rastkörper 11 wird durch eine beidseitig abgestützte Schraubenfeder 13 in einer Mittellage gehalten und kann nach beiden Seiten unter Kompression der Schraubenfeder 13 verschwenkt werden, die Schraubenfeder 13 führt den Rastkörper 11 in eine neutrale Mittellage zurück, wenn keine anderen Drehmomente auf ihn wirken.The second handle part is in a recess 10 around a parallel to the pivot axis of the first handle part 1 extending pivot axis a catch body 11 pivotally mounted, with a holding arm 12 from the recess 10 protrudes and there with the wedge-shaped tapered end of the support arm 12 on the first handle part 1 has. The ratchet body 11 is supported by a bilaterally supported coil spring 13 held in a central position and can be on both sides under compression of the coil spring 13 to be pivoted, the coil spring 13 leads the catch body 11 in a neutral center position back, if no other torques act on him.

An seinem freien Ende trägt der Haltearm 12 einen parallel zur Schwenkachse des Rastkörpers 11 verlaufenden Steg 14 von etwa dreieckförmigem Querschnitt. An seiner dem ersten Griffteil 4 zugewandten Unterseite wird der Steg 14 durch zwei keilförmig zum zweiten Griffteil 3 hin auseinanderlaufende Anlageflächen 15, 16 begrenzt, an seiner Oberseite durch eine schräg ansteigende Rastfläche 17.At its free end the holding arm carries 12 one parallel to the pivot axis of the detent body 11 running bridge 14 of approximately triangular cross-section. At its the first handle part 4 The underside facing the bridge 14 by two wedge-shaped to the second handle part 3 towards divergent contact surfaces 15 . 16 limited, on its upper side by a sloping catch surface 17 ,

Dem Rastkörper 11 gegenüberliegend ist in eine Ausnehmung 18 des ersten Griffteils 4 ein Einsatz 19 eingesetzt, in den eine im Querschnitt etwa W-förmige Vertiefung 20 eingearbeitet ist. Diese Vertiefung 20 ist an den tiefsten Stellen des W-förmigen Querschnittes verrundet, weist also dort einen bogenförmigen Boden auf, und diese beiden bogenförmigen Abschnitte werden in der Mitte von einem etwa keilförmig nach oben abstehenden Vorsprung 21 voneinander getrennt. Auf seiner in der Zeichnung linken, der Schwenklagerung des ersten Griffteils 4 benachbarten Seite wird der Vorsprung 21 durch eine Seitenfläche 22 begrenzt, die eine erste Steuerkurve ausbildet, auf der rechten Seite durch eine Seitenfläche 23, die eine dritte Steuerkurve ausbildet. Oberhalb des Vorsprunges 21 befindet sich ein ebenfalls Teil des Einsatzes 19 bildender Quersteg 24, der parallel zum Steg 14 verläuft und der an seiner Unterseite dem Vorsprung 21 gegenüberliegend einen Rastrücksprung 25 trägt, der zum ersten Griffteil 4 hin offen ist und eine schräg ansteigende Anlagefläche 26 und eine relativ steil zum ersten Griffteil 4 hin abfallende Anlagefläche 27 aufweist, die gemeinsam eine zweite Steuerkurve ausbilden.The catch body 11 opposite is in a recess 18 of the first handle part 4 an insert 19 used in the one in cross-section approximately W-shaped recess 20 is incorporated. This depression 20 is rounded at the lowest points of the W-shaped cross-section, thus having there an arcuate bottom, and these two arcuate portions are in the middle of an approximately wedge-shaped upstanding projection 21 separated from each other. On his left in the drawing, the pivotal mounting of the first grip part 4 neighboring side becomes the projection 21 through a side surface 22 limited, which forms a first cam, on the right side by a side surface 23 , which forms a third cam. Above the projection 21 is also a part of the insert 19 forming crosspiece 24 , which is parallel to the jetty 14 runs and the at its bottom the projection 21 opposite a rest return 25 carries that to the first handle part 4 is open and a sloping contact surface 26 and a relatively steep to the first handle part 4 sloping contact surface 27 has, which together form a second control cam.

An seinen beiden Außenseiten verläuft der Quersteg 24 in Form von zwei sich zum zweiten Griffteil 3 hin keilförmig annähernden ebenen Anlageflächen 28 und 29 schräg nach oben, wobei die Spitze des Quersteges 24 von der Schwenkachse des ersten Griffteiles 4 einen größeren Abstand hat als der Rastrücksprung 25, so daß sich der Quersteg 24 ausgehend von der Mitte der W-förmigen Vertiefung 20 im wesentlichen zu deren rechter Seite hin erstreckt.On its two outer sides of the crosspiece runs 24 in the form of two to the second handle part 3 towards wedge-shaped approximate planar contact surfaces 28 and 29 obliquely upward, the top of the crosspiece 24 from the pivot axis of the first handle part 4 has a greater distance than the latch return 25 so that the crosspiece 24 starting from the middle of the W-shaped recess 20 extends substantially to the right side.

Wenn die beiden Griffteile 3 und 4 in der vollständig geöffneten Stellung stehen, ist der Steg 14 im Abstand von dem Einsatz 19 angeordnet, der Rastkörper 11 steht in seiner Mittelstellung. Diese Stellung ist in 1 dargestellt.If the two handle parts 3 and 4 in the fully open position is the bridge 14 at a distance from the insert 19 arranged, the catch body 11 is in its middle position. This position is in 1 shown.

Beim Schließen der beiden Griffteile 3 und 4 trifft der Steg 14 auf die der Schwenkachse des ersten Griffteiles 4 zugewandte Anlagefläche 28 des Quersteges 24 auf und wird beim weiteren Schließen an dieser Anlagefläche 28 entlang geführt, dabei wird der Rastkörper 11 entgegen der Wirkung der Schraubenfeder 13 im Uhrzeigersinn verschwenkt, diese Phase der Bewegung ist in 2 dargestellt.When closing the two handle parts 3 and 4 meets the jetty 14 on the pivot axis of the first handle part 4 facing contact surface 28 of crosspiece 24 on and on further contact with this contact surface 28 guided along, while the catch body 11 against the action of the coil spring 13 pivoted clockwise, this phase of movement is in 2 shown.

Die Anlagefläche 28 ist so angeordnet, daß bei der weiteren Schließbewegung der Steg 14 in den linken Abschnitt der W-förmigen Vertiefung 20 eintaucht und dort gegen den Boden der Vertiefung 20 stößt, damit wird die Schließbewegung der beiden Griffteile 3 und 4 begrenzt. Diese Stellung ist in 3 dargestellt.The contact surface 28 is arranged so that in the further closing movement of the web 14 in the left section of the W-shaped recess 20 dips in and there against the bottom of the depression 20 pushes, so that is the closing movement of the two handle parts 3 and 4 limited. This position is in 3 shown.

Öffnet man ausgehend von dieser Stellung die Griffteile 3, 4, so gleitet der Steg 14 unter der Wirkung der Schraubenfeder 13 an der linken Seitenfläche 22 des Vorsprunges 21 entlang, diese Seitenfläche 22 wirkt somit als erste Steuerkurve, die eine Verschwenkung des Rastkörpers 11 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn ermöglicht, so daß der Steg 14 unterhalb der Anlagefläche 26 des Rastrücksprunges 25 positioniert wird, wie dies in 5 dargestellt ist. Beim weiteren öffnen tritt der Steg 14 somit in den Rastrücksprung 25 ein und gleitet in diesem unter der verschwenkenden Wirkung der Schraubenfeder 13 entlang, bis die Anlagefläche 16 des Steges 14 an der Anlagefläche 27 des Rastrücksprunges 25 anschlägt. Dadurch wird der Steg 14, der eine Raste ausbildet, im Rastrücksprung 25 festgelegt und verhindert eine weitere Öffnungsbewegung der beiden Griffteile 3, 4 (5).If you start from this position, the handle parts 3 . 4 so the jetty glides 14 under the action of the coil spring 13 on the left side surface 22 of the lead 21 along, this side surface 22 thus acts as a first cam, the pivoting of the detent body 11 allows counterclockwise, so that the bridge 14 below the contact surface 26 of the latch return 25 is positioned as in 5 is shown. Upon further opening, the bridge enters 14 thus in the latch return 25 and slides in this under the pivoting action of the coil spring 13 along until the contact surface 16 of the footbridge 14 at the contact surface 27 of the latch return 25 strikes. This will make the bridge 14 , which forms a catch, in the latch return 25 set and prevents further opening movement of the two handle parts 3 . 4 ( 5 ).

Drückt man die beiden Griffteile 3 und 4 erneut gegeneinander, so tritt der Steg 14 nunmehr in die rechte Hälfte der W-förmigen Vertiefung 20 ein, da der Rastkörper 11 durch den Eintritt des Steges 14 in den Rastrücksprung 25 unter der Wirkung der Schraubenfeder 13 geringfügig nach rechts verschoben worden ist, und hier wird der Steg 14 an der Seitenfläche 23 des Vorsprunges 21 entlang so geführt, daß der Rastkörper 11 weiter entgegen der Uhrzeigerrichtung verschwenkt wird, und zwar bis zu einer Position, in der der Steg 14 nicht mehr dem Rastrücksprung 25 gegenüberliegt, sondern der rechten Anlagefläche 29 des Quersteges 24. Beim öffnen der beiden Griffteile 3, 4 gleitet daher der Steg 14 an dieser Anlagefläche 29 entlang und wird dadurch entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn verschwenkt, diese Verschwenkung führt über die neutrale Mittelstellung hinaus, so daß der Steg 14 bei dieser Verschwenkbewegung durch die Schraubenfeder 13 gegen die Anlagefläche 29 angedrückt wird. Dieser Bewegungsablauf ist in den 6 bis 8 dargestellt.Press the two handle parts 3 and 4 again against each other, so the footbridge occurs 14 now in the right half of the W-shaped depression 20 one, because the catch body 11 through the entrance of the bridge 14 in the latch jump 25 under the action of the coil spring 13 has been moved slightly to the right, and here is the footbridge 14 on the side surface 23 of the lead 21 guided along so that the locking body 11 is further pivoted counterclockwise, up to a position in which the web 14 no longer the latch return 25 opposite, but the right bearing surface 29 of the crossbar 24 , When opening the two handle parts 3 . 4 therefore, the jetty glides 14 at this contact surface 29 along and is thereby pivoted counterclockwise, this pivoting leads beyond the neutral center position, so that the web 14 in this pivoting movement by the coil spring 13 against the contact surface 29 is pressed. This movement is in the 6 to 8th shown.

Sobald der Steg 14 am oberen Ende der Anlagefläche 29 angelangt ist, verschwenkt der Rastkörper 11 unter der Wirkung der Schraubenfeder 13 wieder in die neutrale Mittelstellung, so daß bei erneutem Schließen der Griffteile 3, 4 der Bewegungsablauf beginnt, wie dies oben erörtert worden ist.Once the jetty 14 at the upper end of the contact surface 29 arrived, pivots the ratchet body 11 under the action of the coil spring 13 again in the neutral center position, so that when you close the handle parts 3 . 4 the movement begins, as discussed above.

Der Benutzer kann also einfach die beiden Griffteile 3, 4 schließen, bis ein Anschlag erreicht ist, und dann kurz loslassen, dadurch erfolgt eine Verriegelung in der Schließstellung, durch erneutes Zusammendrücken kann diese Verriegelung wieder gelöst werden. Dabei muß nicht darauf geachtet werden, daß bei der Schließbewegung die Schließposition nicht überfahren werden darf, dies ist bei dieser Konstruktion nicht möglich.The user can easily handle the two handles 3 . 4 Close until a stop is reached, and then release briefly, this is a lock in the closed position, by re-squeezing this lock can be released again. It must not be taken to ensure that during the closing movement, the closed position must not be run over, this is not possible with this construction.

Claims (16)

Chirurgisches Instrument mit zwei gegeneinander bewegbaren Griffteilen und mit einer Umlaufsperre zur gegenseitigen Fixierung der Griffteile in einer Schließstellung und zur Lösung der Fixierung beim weiteren Annähern der Griffteile über die Schließstellung hinaus in eine Öffnungsstellung, die an einem ersten Griffteil einen Rastrücksprung und an einem zweiten Griffteil eine in diesen eingreifende und dadurch die Griffteile in der Schließstellung fixierende Raste umfaßt, die beim Schließen der Griffteile an einer Seite des Rastrücksprunges vorbeibewegt wird und beim Öffnen an der anderen, wobei an dem ersten Griffteil eine erste Steuerkurve angeordnet ist, die beim Schließen der Griffteile gegen einen die Schließbewegung begrenzenden Anschlag die Raste in eine Einraststellung bringt, in der sie beim Öffnen der Griffteile zwangsläufig in den Rastrücksprung eintritt, wobei der Rastrücksprung eine zweite Steuerkurve trägt, die die Raste beim Eintauchen in den Rastrücksprung aus einer der ersten Steuerkurve gegenüberliegenden Eintrittsposition in eine einer dritten Steuerkurve am ersten Griffteil gegenüberliegende Austrittsposition bewegt, und wobei die dritte Steuerkurve die Raste beim erneuten Schließen der Griffteile aus der Schließstellung heraus in eine Ausraststellung bringt, aus der sie beim Öffnen der Griffteile zwangsläufig am Rastrücksprung vorbeibewegt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rastrücksprung (25) und die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve (22, 23) in einem Einsatz (19) angeordnet sind, der in das erste Griffteil (4) eingesetzt ist.Surgical instrument with two mutually movable handle parts and with a circular lock for mutual fixation of the handle parts in a closed position and to solve the fixation in the further approach of the handle parts on the closed position out into an open position, the latch on a first handle part and on a second handle part in this engaging and thereby the handle parts in the closed position fixing catch comprises, which is moved when closing the handle parts on one side of the latch recess and when opening on the other, wherein on the first handle part, a first control cam is arranged, the closing of the handle parts against a closing movement limiting the stop the detent brings into a latching position in which it inevitably enters the latching jump when opening the handle parts, wherein the latching return carries a second control curve, the catch when immersed in the locking piece prung from one of the first control cam opposite entry position into a third control cam on the first handle part opposite exit position moves, and wherein the third control cam brings the catch when re-closing the handle parts from the closed position into a disengaged position, from which they inevitably on opening the handle parts on Rasteücksprung is moved past, characterized in that the latch return ( 25 ) and the first and third control cams ( 22 . 23 ) in a mission ( 19 ) are arranged in the first handle part ( 4 ) is used. Instrument nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die Raste (14) eine Feder (13) wirkt, die die Raste (14) bei Auslenkung nach beiden Seiten in eine Mittelstellung zurückbewegt.Instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that on the catch ( 14 ) a feather ( 13 ) which acts the catch ( 14 ) moved back to a center position at deflection on both sides. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Raste (14) verschwenkbar an dem zweiten Griffteil (3) gelagert ist.Instrument according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the catch ( 14 ) pivotable on the second handle part ( 3 ) is stored. Instrument nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die Schließbewegung der Griffteile (3, 4) begrenzende Anschlag durch die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve (22, 23) einerseits und die Raste (14) andererseits gebildet wird.Instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closing movement of the handle parts ( 3 . 4 ) limiting stop by the first and the third control cam ( 22 . 23 ) on the one hand and the catch ( 14 ) on the other hand is formed. Instrument nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve (22, 23) durch die Seitenflächen eines Vorsprungs (21) gebildet werden, der dem Rastrücksprung (25) gegenüberliegt.Instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the third control cam ( 22 . 23 ) through the side surfaces of a projection ( 21 ), which corresponds to the latching return ( 25 ) is opposite. Instrument nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vorsprung (21) keilförmig ausgebildet ist.Instrument according to claim 5, characterized in that the projection ( 21 ) is wedge-shaped. Instrument nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rastrücksprung (25) zum ersten Griffteil (4) hin offen ist.Instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the latch return ( 25 ) to the first handle part ( 4 ) is open. Instrument nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rastrücksprung (25) keilförmig ausgebildet ist.Instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the latch return ( 25 ) is wedge-shaped. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an dem Rastrücksprung (25) an seiner dem ersten Griffteil (4) zugewandten Seite eine Aufgleitfläche (28) für die Raste (14) angeordnet ist, welche diese beim Schließen der Griffteile (3, 4) entgegen der Wirkung der Feder (13) aus ihrer Mittelstellung heraus bewegt.Instrument according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that at the latch return ( 25 ) at its first handle part ( 4 ) facing side a sliding surface ( 28 ) for the catch ( 14 ) is arranged, which this when closing the handle parts ( 3 . 4 ) against the action of the spring ( 13 ) moved out of its middle position. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an dem Rastrücksprung (25) an seiner dem ersten Griffteil (4) zugewandten Seite eine Aufgleitfläche (29) für die Raste (14) angeordnet ist, welche diese beim Öffnen der Griffteile (3, 4) entgegen der Wirkung der Feder aus ihrer Mittelstellung heraus bewegt.Instrument according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that at the latch return ( 25 ) at its first handle part ( 4 ) facing side a sliding surface ( 29 ) for the catch ( 14 ) is arranged, which this when opening the handle parts ( 3 . 4 ) moved against the action of the spring from its center position out. Instrument nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve (22, 23) gemeinsam einen W-förmigen Verlauf haben.Instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the third control cam ( 22 . 23 ) together have a W-shaped course. Instrument nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste und die dritte Steuerkurve (22, 23) an ihren tiefsten Stellen verrundet sind.Instrument according to claim 11, characterized in that the first and the third control cam ( 22 . 23 ) are rounded at their lowest points. Instrument nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Raste (14) die Form eines quer zur Schließrichtung der Griffteile (3, 4) verlaufenden Steges hat.Instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the catch ( 14 ) the shape of a transverse to the closing direction of the handle parts ( 3 . 4 ) running web has. Instrument nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Steg am freien Ende eines schwenkbar am zweiten Griffteil (3) gelagerten Haltearmes (12) angeordnet ist.Instrument according to claim 13, characterized in that the web at the free end of a pivotable on the second handle part ( 3 ) mounted holding arms ( 12 ) is arranged. Instrument nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rastrücksprung (25) und gegebenenfalls die Aufgleitflächen (26, 27) Teil eines Quersteges (24) sind, der quer zur Schließrichtung verlaufend am ersten Griffteil (4) gehalten ist.Instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the latch return ( 25 ) and possibly the sliding surfaces ( 26 . 27 ) Part of a crossbar ( 24 ), which extend transversely to the closing direction on the first handle part ( 4 ) is held. Instrument nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Griffteile (3, 4) gegeneinander verschwenkbar sind.Instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grip parts ( 3 . 4 ) are mutually pivotable.
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