DE1031512B - Process for the production of high molecular weight fiber and film forming polycarbonates - Google Patents

Process for the production of high molecular weight fiber and film forming polycarbonates

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DE1031512B
DE1031512B DEF19121A DEF0019121A DE1031512B DE 1031512 B DE1031512 B DE 1031512B DE F19121 A DEF19121 A DE F19121A DE F0019121 A DEF0019121 A DE F0019121A DE 1031512 B DE1031512 B DE 1031512B
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melt
molecular weight
high molecular
dioxydiphenyl
weight
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Dr Hermann Schnell
Dr Gerhard Fritz
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Priority to DK77556AA priority patent/DK106164C/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
    • C08G64/30—General preparatory processes using carbonates
    • C08G64/305—General preparatory processes using carbonates and alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
    • C08G64/30—General preparatory processes using carbonates
    • C08G64/307—General preparatory processes using carbonates and phenols

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen faser-und filmbildenden Polycarbonaten Zur Herstellung von Polyestern aus Dicarbonsäuren und Dioxyverbindungen können die freien Dicarbonsäuren mit Dioxyverbindungen unter Abspaltung von Wasser bei höherer Temperatur verestert werden. Hochmolekulare film- und faserbildende Produkte sind nach diesem Verfahren nur schwer zugänglich. Zur Herstellung hochmolekularer Polyester wird deshalb vorgezogen, die Dioxyverbindungen mit Estern aus Dicarbonsäuren und flüchtigen Oxyverbindungen unter Abspaltung der flüchtigen Oxyverbindung bei höherer Temperatur umzuestern.Process for the production of high molecular weight fiber and film-forming Polycarbonates For the production of polyesters from dicarboxylic acids and dioxy compounds can the free dicarboxylic acids with dioxy compounds with elimination of water be esterified at a higher temperature. High molecular film and fiber forming Products are difficult to access using this process. For the production of high molecular weight Polyester is therefore preferred to the dioxy compounds with esters from dicarboxylic acids and volatile oxy compounds with elimination of the volatile oxy compound transesterify higher temperature.

Während die Veresterung ohne Katalysatoren mit ausreichender Geschwindigkeit durchgeführt werden kann, benötigt die Umesterung im allgemeinen basische Katalysatoren. Mit sauren Katalysatoren verläuft die Umesterung nur außerordentlich langsam. Bei den üblichen Umesterungsverfahren verbleiben die zugesetzten Katalysatoren gewöhnlich im Endprodukt.During the esterification without catalysts with sufficient speed can be carried out, the transesterification generally requires basic catalysts. With acidic catalysts, the transesterification proceeds only extremely slowly. at the catalysts added usually remain in the usual transesterification processes in the end product.

Setzt man alkalische Katalysatoren bei der Umesterung aliphatischer oder aromatischer Dioxyverbindungen mit Diestern flüchtiger aliphatischer oder aromatischer Verbindungen der Kohlensäure zu, so erhält man in der Regel keine hochmolekularen film- und faserbildenden Produkte, da diese Katalysatoren die Bildung hochmolekularer Polycarbonate infolge rückläufigen Abbaus verhindern.If alkaline catalysts are used in the transesterification, aliphatic ones are used or aromatic dioxy compounds with diesters of volatile aliphatic or aromatic compounds Compounds of carbonic acid are usually not obtained with high molecular weight film and fiber-forming products, as these catalysts promote the formation of high molecular weight Prevent polycarbonates from declining degradation.

Man hat deshalb schon so verfahren, daß man aliphatische Oxyverbindungen mit Diestern der Kohlensäure mit monofunktionellen Oxyverbindungen in Gegenwart von nicht flüchtigen, wenig wasserlöslichen Carbonsäuren und einer größeren als äquivalenten Menge eines Alkalimetalls einleitet, das zunächst gebildete niedermolekulare Produkt wird in einem Lösungsmittel gelöst und durch Extraktion mit verdünnter Säure, z. B. wäßriger- Salzsäure, wird das Alkalimetall, nicht aber die Carbonsäure entfernt. lach dem Abdestillieren des Lösungsmittels wird die Umsetzung bis zur Bildung eines hochmolekularen film- und faserbildenden Produktes weitergeführt.The procedure has therefore already been to use aliphatic oxy compounds with diesters of carbonic acid with monofunctional oxy compounds in the presence of non-volatile, sparingly water-soluble carboxylic acids and a larger than equivalent amount of an alkali metal initiates the low molecular weight initially formed Product is dissolved in a solvent and extracted by extraction with dilute acid, z. B. aqueous hydrochloric acid, the alkali metal, but not the carboxylic acid is removed. After distilling off the solvent, the reaction is continued until a high molecular weight film and fiber-forming product continued.

Dieses Verfahren ist außerordentlich umständlich. Darüber hinaus verbleibt die zugesetzte, nicht wasserlösliche, schwerflüchtige Carbonsäure in dem hochmolekularen Polyester. Sowohl saure wie basische Bestandteile bewirken jedoch bei der Verarbeitung insbesondere hochschmelzender, hochmolekularer Polycarbonate im Schmelzfluß einen Abbau, der sich durch Bildung gasförmiger Kohlensäure auswirkt. Diese Gasblasen machen die Herstellung einwandfreier geformter Gebilde, wie Filme, Fasern und Borsten usw., aus dem Schmelzfluß praktisch unmöglich. Formkörper aus auf diese Weise hergestellten @Polycarbonaten zeigen darüber hinaus gegenüber Wasser, insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen, eine mangelnde Beständigkeit.This procedure is extremely cumbersome. In addition, remains the added, water-insoluble, non-volatile carboxylic acid in the high molecular weight Polyester. However, both acidic and basic components have an effect during processing in particular high-melting, high-molecular polycarbonates in the melt flow one Degradation, which has an effect through the formation of gaseous carbonic acid. These gas bubbles make the production of flawless shaped structures such as films, fibers and bristles etc., from the melt flow practically impossible. Moldings made in this way @Polycarbonates also show against water, especially at higher Temperatures, a lack of resistance.

Aromatische Dioxyverbindungen können zwar auch während der ganzen Umesterungsdauer in Gegenwart sehr geringer Mengen geeigneter basischer Katalysatoren in den hochmolekularen film- und faserbildenden Zustand übergeführt werden. Die im Endprodukt verbliebenen Katalysatoren bewirken jedoch auch hier bei der Verarbeitung einen Abbau, der unter Bildung von Kohlensäure verläuft. Es werden so beim Aufschmelzen blasige Schmelzen erhalten, die die Verarbeitung erschweren oder unmöglich machen.Aromatic dioxy compounds can also be used throughout Transesterification time in the presence of very small amounts of suitable basic catalysts be converted into the high molecular weight film and fiber-forming state. the However, the catalysts remaining in the end product also have an effect here during processing a breakdown that proceeds with the formation of carbonic acid. It will be like this when it melts get blistered melts that make processing difficult or impossible.

Aus diesen Schmelzen hergestellte Formkörper zeigen eine verringerte Beständigkeit gegenüber höheren Temperaturen und gegen Wasser, insbesondere bei höherer Temperatur.Moldings produced from these melts show a reduced Resistance to higher temperatures and to water, especially at higher temperature.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Schwierigkeiten bei der Umesterung aliphatischer, cycloaliphatischer oder aromatischer Dioxyverbindungen mit Diestern der Kohlensäure mit monofunktionellen aliphatischen oder aromatischen Oxyverbindungen oder bei der Polykondensation der Aryl-Alkyl- oder Cycloalkylcarbonate der Dimonooxyaryl-alkane allein oder mit aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Dioxyverbindungen in Gegenwart basischer Umesterungskatalysatoren vermieden werden können, wenn man die basischen Katalysatoren gegen Ende der Umesterung durch Zugabe von basenbindenden Stoffen zu der Schmelze neutralisiert.It has now been found that these difficulties arise in transesterification aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dioxy compounds with diesters carbonic acid with monofunctional aliphatic or aromatic oxy compounds or in the polycondensation of the aryl-alkyl or cycloalkyl carbonates of the dimonooxyaryl alkanes alone or with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dioxy compounds in the presence of basic transesterification catalysts can be avoided if one the basic catalysts towards the end of the transesterification by adding base-binding Substances neutralized to the melt.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann mit Vorteil angewendet werden zur Herstellung von Polycarbonaten aus z. B. aliphatischen Dioxyverbindungen, wie Diäthylenglykol, Triäthylenglykol, Polyäthylenglykol, Thiodiglykol, und die aus Propylenoxyd-1,2 hergestellten Di-bzw. Polyglykole, Butandiol-1,4, Hexandiol-1,6, Octandiol-1,8, Decandiol-1,10, m-, p-Xylylenglykol; aus cycloaliphatischen Dioxyverbindungen, wie Chinit, 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydicyclohexyl)-propan und 2,6-Dioxy-dekahydronaphthalin; aus aromatischen Dioxyverbindungen, wie Hydrochinon, Resorcin, 4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl, 1,4-Dioxynaphthalin, 1,6-Dioxynaphthalin, 2,6-Dioxynaphthalin,1,5-Dioxyanthracen und m-, p-Oxybenzylalkohol oder Gemischen von solchen Dioxyverbindungen; sowie insbesondere aus Di-monooxyaryl-alkanen, wie (4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-methan, 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-propan, 1,1-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-cyclohexan, 1,1-(4,4'-Dioxy-3,3'-dimethyldiphenyl)-cyclohexan, 3,4-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-hexan,1,1-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-1-phenyl-äthan, 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-butan, 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-pentan, 3,3-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-pentan, 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-3-methyl-butan, 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-hexan, 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-4-methyl-pentan, 2,2-(4,4'-Di= oxydiphenyl)-heptan, 4,4-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-heptan und 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-tridecan. Nach dem Verfahren gemäß Gegenstand der Patentanmeldung F 13040 IVb/39c können auch Mischungen solcher Dioxyverbindungen eingesetzt werden.The method according to the invention can be used with advantage for the production of polycarbonates from z. B. aliphatic dioxy compounds, such as Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, thiodiglycol, and those from Propylene oxide-1,2 produced di- or. Polyglycols, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, m-, p-xylylene glycol; from cycloaliphatic dioxy compounds, such as quinitol, 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydicyclohexyl) propane and 2,6-dioxy-decahydronaphthalene; the end aromatic dioxy compounds such as hydroquinone, resorcinol, 4,4'-dioxydiphenyl, 1,4-dioxynaphthalene, 1,6-dioxynaphthalene, 2,6-dioxynaphthalene, 1,5-dioxyanthracene and m-, p-oxybenzyl alcohol or mixtures of such dioxy compounds; and in particular from di-monooxyaryl-alkanes, such as (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) methane, 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) propane, 1,1- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1- (4,4'-Dioxy-3,3'-dimethyldiphenyl) -cyclohexane, 3,4- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -hexane, 1,1- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) - 1-phenyl-ethane, 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -butane, 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -pentane, 3,3- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -pentane, 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -3-methyl-butane, 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -hexane, 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -4-methyl -pentane, 2,2- (4,4'-di = oxydiphenyl) -heptane, 4,4- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -heptane and 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) -tridecane. According to the method according to the subject of patent application F 13040 IVb / 39c can also Mixtures of such dioxy compounds are used.

Als zur Umesterung geeignete Diester der Kohlensäure mit monofunktionellen Oxyverbindungen kommen in Frage: aliphatische Diester, wie Diäthyl-, Dipropyl-, Dibutyl-, Diamyl-, Dioctyl-, Methyläthyl-, Äthylpropyl-und Äthylbutylcarbonat, cycloaliphatische Diester, wie Dicyclohexyl- und Dicyclopentylcarbonat, vorzugsweise jedoch Diarylester, wie Diphenyl- und Ditoluylcarbonat, ferner Methylcyclohexyl-, Äthylcyclohexyl-, 1Vlethylphenyl-, Äthylphenyl- und Cyclohexylphenylcarbonat.As diesters of carbonic acid with monofunctional ones suitable for transesterification Oxy compounds come into question: aliphatic diesters, such as diethyl, dipropyl, Dibutyl, diamyl, dioctyl, methylethyl, ethylpropyl and ethylbutyl carbonate, cycloaliphatic Diesters, such as dicyclohexyl and dicyclopentyl carbonate, but preferably diaryl esters, such as diphenyl and ditoluyl carbonate, also methylcyclohexyl, ethylcyclohexyl, 1Vlethylphenyl, ethylphenyl and cyclohexylphenyl carbonate.

Gegebenenfalls kann man auch von Verbindungen, wie Bis-allkyl-, -cycloalkyl- oder -aryl-carbonaten der Di-monooxyaryl-alkane ausgehen, die beim Erhitzen mit sich selbst unter Abspaltung des entsprechenden Diesters der Kohlensäure oder beim Erhitzen mit Dioxyverbindungen unter Abspaltung der monofunktionellen Oxyverbindungen umestern, z. B. nach dem Verfahren gemäß Patentanmeldung F 19123 IVb/39c (DAS 1020 184).Optionally, one can also start from compounds such as bis-alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl carbonates of the di-monooxyaryl alkanes, which when heated with splitting off the corresponding diester of carbonic acid or when heated with dioxy compounds with splitting off transesterifying monofunctional oxy compounds, e.g. B. by the method according to patent application F 19123 IVb / 39c (DAS 1 020 184).

Als basische Katalysatoren können zugesetzt werden: Alkalimetalle, wie Lithium, Natrium, Kalium; Erdalkalimetalle, wie Magnesium, Calcium, Barium; Alkoholate der Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetalle, wie Natriummethylat, Calciumäthylat; Alkali-Phenolate, wie Phenolnatrium; Natriumsalze von Dimonooxyaryl-alkanen; Hydride der Alkali- und Erdalkahmetalle, wie Lithiumhydrid, Calciumhydrid; Oxyde der Alkali- und Erdalkalimetalle, wie Lithiumoxyd, Natriumoxyd; Amide der Alkali- und Erdalkalimetalle, wie Natriumamid, Calciumamid; basisch reagierende Salze der Alkali- und Erdalkalimetalle mit organischen oder anorganischen Säuren, wie Natriumacetat, Natriumbenzoat und Natriumcarbonat.The following can be added as basic catalysts: alkali metals, such as lithium, sodium, potassium; Alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, barium; Alcoholates of the alkali or alkaline earth metals, such as sodium methylate, calcium ethylate; Alkali phenates such as sodium phenol; Sodium salts of dimonooxyaryl alkanes; Hydrides the alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as lithium hydride, calcium hydride; Alkali oxides and alkaline earth metals such as lithium oxide, sodium oxide; Amides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium amide, calcium amide; basic salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals with organic or inorganic acids such as sodium acetate, sodium benzoate and Sodium.

Zur Neutralisation dieser basischen Katalysatoren kann erfindungsgemäß eine große Zahl hasenbindender organischer und anorganischer Substanzen eingesetzt werden, so aromatische Sulfosäuren, wie p-Toluolsulfosäure; organische Säurehalogenide, wie Stearinsäurechlorid, Buttersäurechlorid, Benzoylchlorid und Toluolsulfochlorid; organische Chlorkohlensäureester, wie Phenylchlorameisensäureester, Chlorameisensäureester des 4-Oxydiphenyls, Bis-chlorameisensäureester der Di-monooxyaryl-alkane; Dialkylsulfate, wie Dimethylsulfat und Dibutylsulfat; organische Chlorverbindungen, wie Benzylchlorid und co-Chloracetophenon, sowie saure Salze mehrbasischer anorganischer Säuren, wie Ammoniumbisulfat. Besonders geeignet sind bei den Umesterungstemperaturen im Hochvakuum flüchtige hasenbindende Substanzen, da bei diesen ein etwaiger Überschuß über die zu neutralisierenden basischen Katalysatoren auf einfache Weise aus der Schmelze entfernt werden kann. Zu dieser Gruppe gehören von den obengenannten Substanzen z. B. Dimethylsulfat, Chlorameisensäurephenylester und Benzoylchlorid. Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens wird die Umesterung der Dioxyverbindungen mit den Diestern monofunktioneller Oxyverbindungen der Kohlensäure oder die Polykondensation der Bis-alkyl-, -cycloalkyl- oder -arylcarbonate der Di-monooxyarylalkane mit den genannten basischen Katalysatoren wie üblich, vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen zwischen 50 und 330° C, insbesondere zwischen 100 und 300° C, eingeleitet und unter Abdestillieren der flüchtigen Oxyverbindungen oder des neutralen Carbonats der Monooxyverbindung bei erhöhter Temperatur, vorzugsweise im Vakuum und unter Einleiten von Stickstoff, so lange weitergetrieben, bis annähernd der gewünschte Kondensationsgrad erreicht ist. Nun werden die hasenbindenden Substanzen in die viskose Schmelze eingebracht. Dies kann z. B. so erfolgen, daß die genau abgewogene, zur Neutralisation der basischen Katalysatoren ausreichende Menge in die viskose Schmelze eingerührt wird oder daß flüchtige, hasenbindende Substanzen, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit einem indifferenten Trägergas, wie Stickstoff, in Dampfform in die Schmelze eingeleitet werden. Bei flüchtigen, hasenbindenden Substanzen kann ein Überschuß über die angewendete Menge des basischen Katalysators eingesetzt werden, der anschließend durch Evakuieren entfernt werden kann.To neutralize these basic catalysts, according to the invention a large number of rabbit-binding organic and inorganic substances are used so aromatic sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid; organic acid halides, such as stearic acid chloride, butyric acid chloride, benzoyl chloride and toluenesulfonyl chloride; organic chlorocarbonic acid esters, such as phenyl chloroformic acid ester, chloroformic acid ester of 4-oxydiphenyl, bis-chloroformic acid esters of di-monooxyaryl-alkanes; Dialkyl sulfates, such as dimethyl sulfate and dibutyl sulfate; organic chlorine compounds such as benzyl chloride and co-chloroacetophenone, and acid salts of polybasic inorganic acids, such as Ammonium bisulfate. Are particularly suitable at the transesterification temperatures in a high vacuum volatile rabbit-binding substances, since with these a possible excess over the basic catalysts to be neutralized easily from the melt can be removed. This group includes the substances mentioned above z. B. dimethyl sulfate, phenyl chloroformate and benzoyl chloride. To carry out of the process, the transesterification of the dioxy compounds with the diesters becomes more monofunctional Oxy compounds of carbonic acid or the polycondensation of bis-alkyl-, -cycloalkyl- or -aryl carbonates of the di-monooxyarylalkanes with the basic catalysts mentioned as usual, preferably at temperatures between 50 and 330 ° C, in particular between 100 and 300 ° C, introduced and distilling off the volatile oxy compounds or the neutral carbonate of the monooxy compound at elevated temperature, preferably in a vacuum and with the introduction of nitrogen, driven on until approximately the desired degree of condensation has been reached. Now the rabbit-binding substances become introduced into the viscous melt. This can e.g. B. be done so that the exact weighed, sufficient amount to neutralize the basic catalysts in the viscous melt is stirred in or that volatile, rabbit-binding substances, optionally together with an inert carrier gas, such as nitrogen, in vapor form be introduced into the melt. In the case of volatile, rabbit-binding substances an excess over the amount of the basic catalyst used is used, which can then be removed by evacuation.

Nach der Neutralisation des Katalysators kann die Umesterung noch in begrenztem Maße zur Erreichung eines gewünschten Molekulargewichts weitergeführt werden.After the catalyst has been neutralized, the transesterification can still be carried out continued to a limited extent to achieve a desired molecular weight will.

Nach der Beendigung der Polykondensation wird die gebildete Schmelze des Polycarbonates in üblicher Weise in Granulate oder direkt in geformte Gebilde, wie Filme, Fasern, Borsten übergeführt. Die erhaltenen Polycarbonate lassen sich im Schmelzfluß ohne das Auftreten von durch Abbau hervorgerufenen Kohlensäureblasen verarbeiten, sie zeigen auch bei längerem Erhitzen über ihren Schmelzpunkt keine Kohlensäureentwicklung. Aus den Schmelzen hergestellte geformte Gebilde zeichnen sich durch besondere Stabilität gegen erhöhte Temperatur, auch in Gegenwart von Wasser, aus.After the end of the polycondensation, the melt formed is of the polycarbonate in the usual way in granules or directly in molded structures, transferred like films, fibers, bristles. The polycarbonates obtained can be in the melt flow without the occurrence of carbonic acid bubbles caused by degradation process, they do not show any even after prolonged heating above their melting point Carbonic acid development. Draw shaped structures made from the melts due to its particular stability against increased temperature, even in the presence of Water, out.

Beispiel 1 Ein Gemisch von 40 Gewichtsteilen Hexandiol-(1,6), 42 Gewichtsteilen Diäthylcarbonat und 0,003 Gewichtsteilen Natriumäthylat wird 1/2 Stunde lang unter Rühren und Rückfluß unter Überleiten von Stickstoff auf 100 bis 130° C erhitzt. Der bei der Umesterung abgespaltene Äthylalkohol wird über eine Kolonne abdestilliert. Nach weiterem 3stündigem Rühren bei 200° C unter einem Druck von 30 Torr wird das als Katalysator verwendete Natriumäthylat durch Einrühren von 0,1 Gewichtsteilen Chlorameisensäurephenylester in die Schmelze neutralisiert. Anschließend führt man innerhalb von 3 Stunden die Kondensation unter einem Druck von 0,5 Torr durch Erhitzen auf 250° C zu Ende. Das überschüssige Neutralisationsmittel wird dabei abdestilliert. Man erhält eine viskose Schmelze, die zu einem farblosen, hochpolymeren Körper erstarrt, der, in m-Kresol gemessen, den K-Wert = 65,4 besitzt und sich z. B. aus der Schmelze zu reckbaren Fäden und Filmen verarbeiten läßt. Der Erweichungspunkt liegt bei etwa 60° C.Example 1 A mixture of 40 parts by weight of hexanediol- (1.6), 42 parts by weight Diethyl carbonate and 0.003 parts by weight of sodium ethylate is under for 1/2 hour Stirring and refluxing heated to 100 to 130 ° C. while passing nitrogen over it. The ethyl alcohol split off during the transesterification is distilled off via a column. After stirring for a further 3 hours at 200 ° C. under a pressure of 30 torr, the Sodium ethylate used as a catalyst by stirring in 0.1 parts by weight Phenyl chloroformate neutralized in the melt. Then you lead within 3 hours, condensation under a pressure of 0.5 torr by heating to 250 ° C to the end. The excess neutralizing agent is distilled off. A viscous melt is obtained, which solidifies to a colorless, high-polymer body, which, measured in m-cresol, has the K value = 65.4 and z. B. from the melt can be processed into stretchable threads and films. The softening point is around 60 ° C.

Beispiel 2 Eine Mischung von 45,6 Gewichtsteilen 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-propan, 47,1 Gewichtsteilen Diphenylcarbonat und 0,008 Gewichtsteilen Lithiumhydrid wird unter Rühren in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre bei 110 bis 150° C aufgeschmolzen. Das sich abspaltende Phenol destilliert dann bei weiter erhöhter Temperatur bis 210° C und einem Druck von 20 Torr ab. Dann wird der Druck auf 0,2 Torr herabgesetzt und die Temperatur während einer Stunde auf 250° C und während zwei weiterer Stunden auf 280° C erhöht. Gegen Ende der Kondensation wird der Katalysator durch Einrühren von 0,05 Gewichtsteilen Dimethylsulfat in die Schmelze neutralisiert. Der Überschuß an Neutralisationsmittel wird anschließend durch weiteres Erhitzen im Vakuum entfernt. Man erhält eine zähviskose Schmelze, die zu einem thermoplastischen, bei etwa 225° C erweichenden und bei 240° C schmelzenden Kunststoff erstarrt, der z. B. zur Herstellung von Spritzgußkörpern und von durch Verstrecken orientierbaren Fasern, Borsten und Filmen aus der Schmelze oder aus Lösung, z. B. in Methylenchlorid, geeignet ist. Der K-Wert, gemessen in m-Kresol, beträgt 51. Die Schmelzen des Kunststoffs sind bei Verarbeitungstemperaturen bis über 300° C ohne Zersetzung und Kohlensäureabspaltung beständig. Die aus der Schmelze hergestellten Formkörper widerstehen erhöhten Temperaturen, auch in Gegenwart von Wasser, über lange Zeiträume. Beispiel 3 Ein Gemisch von 550 Gewichtsteilen des Bis-phenylcarbonates des 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-propans, 228 Gewichtsteilen 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-propan und 0,015 Gewichtsteilen des Natriumsalzes des 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-propans wird unter Rühren und Überleiten von Stickstoff aufgeschmolzen. Bei Temperaturen zwischen 120 und 200°C wird das sich abspaltende Phenol bei 20 Torr abdestilliert. Anschließend wird durch weiteres 3stündiges Erhitzen auf 280°C unter einem Druck von 0,5 Torr eine zähviskose Schmelze erhalten. Nun wird das im Katalysator enthaltene Alkali durch Zugabe von 0,3 Gewichtsteilen Dimethylsulfat zu der Schmelze neutralisiert und der Überschuß des Neutralisationsmittels im Vakuum entfernt. Es wird eine zähviskose, farblose Schmelze erhalten, die beim Abkühlen zu einem Kunststoff mit einem K-Wert, gemessen in m-Kresol von 53 und den in Beispiel 2 beschriebenen Eigenschaften, erstarrt. Beispiel 4 Ein Gemisch von 550 Gewichtsteilen 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-butan, 650 Gewichtsteilen Diphenylcarbonat und 0,025 Gewichtsteilen des Kaliumsalzes des 2,2-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-propans wird unter Rühren und Überleiten von Stickstoff bei 120°C aufgeschmolzen. Das bei der Umesterung sich abspaltende Phenol destilliert praktisch vollständig bei einer Temperatur der Schmelze zwischen 120 und 180°C im Verlauf von 30 Minuten bei 20 Torr ab. Durch weiteres Rühren und Erhitzen auf 280°C bei 0,5 Torr wird die Polykondensation zu Ende geführt. Das im Katalysator enthaltene Alkali wird dann durch Einleiten von 0,8 Gewichtsteilen Dimethylsulfat in Dampfform mit Stickstoff als Trägergas in die Schmelze neutralisiert. Anschließend wird noch i/2 Stunde bei 0,5 Torr und 280°C Schmelztemperatur gerührt, wobei das überschüssige Dimethylsulfat abdestilliert. Man erhält ein Polycarbonat vom K-Wert 48, gemessen in m-Kresol, das bei etwa 195°C erweicht und bei 210'C schmilzt und sich ohne Kohlensäureabspaltung bei Temperaturen bis über 300°C zu Spritzgußkörpern, verstreckbaren Fasern, Filmen aus der Schmelze verarbeiten läßt. Die aus dem Polycarbonat hergestellten geformten Gebilde zeigen eine außergewöhnliche Beständigkeit gegen erhöhte Temperaturen, auch in Gegenwart von Feuchtigkeit.Example 2 A mixture of 45.6 parts by weight of 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) propane, 47.1 parts by weight of diphenyl carbonate and 0.008 parts by weight of lithium hydride is melted at 110 to 150 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere. The phenol which is split off is then distilled off at a further elevated temperature of up to 210 ° C. and a pressure of 20 torr. The pressure is then reduced to 0.2 torr and the temperature is increased to 250 ° C. over the course of one hour and to 280 ° C. over a further two hours. Towards the end of the condensation, the catalyst is neutralized by stirring 0.05 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfate into the melt. The excess neutralizing agent is then removed by further heating in vacuo. A viscous melt is obtained which solidifies to a thermoplastic plastic which softens at about 225 ° C. and melts at 240 ° C. B. for the production of injection molded bodies and orientable by stretching fibers, bristles and films from the melt or from solution, z. B. in methylene chloride is suitable. The K value, measured in m-cresol, is 51. The melts of the plastic are stable at processing temperatures of up to over 300 ° C without decomposition and carbon dioxide release. The moldings produced from the melt withstand elevated temperatures, even in the presence of water, for long periods of time. Example 3 A mixture of 550 parts by weight of the bis-phenyl carbonate of 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) propane, 228 parts by weight of 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) propane and 0.015 part by weight of the sodium salt of the 2nd , 2- (4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl) propane is melted while stirring and passing nitrogen over it. At temperatures between 120 and 200 ° C., the phenol which is split off is distilled off at 20 torr. A viscous melt is then obtained by heating for a further 3 hours at 280 ° C. under a pressure of 0.5 Torr. The alkali contained in the catalyst is then neutralized by adding 0.3 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfate to the melt and the excess of the neutralizing agent is removed in vacuo. A viscous, colorless melt is obtained which solidifies to a plastic with a K value, measured in m-cresol of 53 and the properties described in Example 2, on cooling. Example 4 A mixture of 550 parts by weight of 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) butane, 650 parts by weight of diphenyl carbonate and 0.025 part by weight of the potassium salt of 2,2- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) propane is stirred and passed over melted by nitrogen at 120 ° C. The phenol which is split off during the transesterification distills off practically completely at a temperature of the melt between 120 and 180 ° C. in the course of 30 minutes at 20 torr. The polycondensation is brought to an end by further stirring and heating to 280 ° C. at 0.5 torr. The alkali contained in the catalyst is then neutralized into the melt by introducing 0.8 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfate in vapor form with nitrogen as the carrier gas. The mixture is then stirred for a further 1/2 hour at 0.5 Torr and a melting temperature of 280 ° C., the excess dimethyl sulfate being distilled off. The result is a polycarbonate with a K value of 48, measured in m-cresol, which softens at about 195 ° C. and melts at 210 ° C. and, without splitting off carbonic acid, forms injection moldings, stretchable fibers, and films from the melt at temperatures above 300 ° C. can be processed. The molded structures made from the polycarbonate show exceptional resistance to elevated temperatures, even in the presence of moisture.

Beispiel 5 Ein Gemisch von 45 Gewichtsteilen 2,2'-(4,4'-Dioxydiphenyl)-propan, 50 Gewichtsteilen Di-o-kresylcarbonat, 0,007 Gewichtsteilen Calciumhydrid und 0,01 Gewichtsteilen Natriumbenzoat wird unter Rühren und Überleiten von Stickstoff aufgeschmolzen. Die Hauptmenge des abgespaltenen Phenols destilliert bei Temperaturen von 140 bis 200°C bei 20 Torr ab. Nach weiterem 3stündigem Erhitzen auf 280°C und 0,5 Torr werden zu der erhaltenen hochviskosen Schmelze 0,1 Gewichtsteile Ammoniumbisulfat eingerührt. Dann wird noch eine weitere halbe Stunde bei 280°C und 0,5 Torr gerührt, wobei das überschüssige Ammoniumbisulfat entfernt wird. Man erhält eine hochviskose Schmelze eines Polycarbonats mit dem K-Wert-49, gemessen in m-Kresol, und den im Beispiel 2 angegebenen Eigenschaften.Example 5 A mixture of 45 parts by weight of 2,2 '- (4,4'-dioxydiphenyl) propane, 50 parts by weight of di-o-cresyl carbonate, 0.007 parts by weight of calcium hydride and 0.01 Parts by weight of sodium benzoate are melted while stirring and passing nitrogen over them. Most of the phenol split off is distilled at temperatures from 140 to 200 ° C at 20 torr. After a further 3 hours of heating at 280 ° C and 0.5 torr 0.1 part by weight of ammonium bisulfate is stirred into the highly viscous melt obtained. The mixture is then stirred for a further half an hour at 280 ° C. and 0.5 torr, the excess ammonium bisulfate is removed. A highly viscous melt is obtained of a polycarbonate with a K value of -49, measured in m-cresol, and that in the example 2 specified properties.

Claims (2)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen faser- und filmbildenden Polycarbonaten durch Umesterung von Diestern der Kohlensäure mit Dioxyverbindungen in Gegenwart basischer Katalysatoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Katalysatoren im Verlaufe, gegebenenfalls gegen Ende, der Polykondensation durch Zugabe von basenbindenden Stoffen zu der Schmelze neutralisiert werden. PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Process for the production of high molecular weight fiber- and film-forming polycarbonates by transesterification of diesters of carbonic acid with dioxy compounds in the presence of basic catalysts, characterized in that that the catalysts in the course, optionally towards the end, of the polycondensation be neutralized by adding base-binding substances to the melt. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man flüchtige, basenbindende Stoffe einsetzt und gegebenenfalls einen Überschuß derselben durch Verdampfen oder Sublimieren aus der Schmelze entfernt.2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that volatile, base-binding Substances used and possibly an excess of the same by evaporation or Sublimate removed from the melt.
DEF19121A 1955-12-21 1955-12-21 Process for the production of high molecular weight fiber and film forming polycarbonates Pending DE1031512B (en)

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