DE1126663B - Method for making a lawn skin - Google Patents

Description

INTERNAT.KL. AOIg

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

O 7100III / £ 45

REGISTRATION DATE: NOVEMBER 23, 1959

NOTICE
THE REGISTRATION
AND ISSUE OF
EDITORIAL: MARCH 29, 1962

The invention relates to a method for producing a turf skin, which is based on one with perforations provided, web-shaped base, in particular wire mesh, grown, then rolled up, is transported and placed on the pre-leveled area to be planted, with the underlay initially laid out on a smooth surface, then with a carrier layer, artificial fertilizer and Grass seed is covered, whereupon moisture is supplied. ίο

The creation of a lawn by sowing grass seeds in the appropriately prepared Floor space is in many cases too time consuming or in some cases cannot be carried out at all. When designing green spaces both outdoors and in halls, there is very often the Requirement that a lawn must be formed within a few days. Also stands for the greening of sports grounds or other floor areas in many cases only for a short period of time available for the production of a lawn in the known manner by means of sowing of the grass seed in the area to be greened is not sufficient. If maybe the time available would be sufficient to preserve the new greening, the fresh lawn would by no means already be covered can withstand severe stresses for a short time, such as those that occur on soccer fields, for example. Greening embankments by sowing grass seeds is also relatively difficult to achieve, especially when adverse weather conditions occur. Growing a lawn directly on rocky ground is in the same way with much greater difficulty tied together.

In order to avoid sowing grass seeds in areas that need to be greened quickly, one has to do help by laying so-called sods on such ground surfaces. These are around square pieces of lawn, which are initially in a different place as a contiguous lawn are present or grown on normal topsoil so that they can be removed after a long period of time have received a good root penetration and cut off in pieces laterally and below the Rooting can be peeled off. After transport to the place of use, these sods are laid on the area to be greened is laid on and merged like a mosaic. The awkwardness of this well-known Procedure is obvious, especially because of the multitude of sods that are already made for a small one Area are required. For this reason, there has been a method of making a turf hide

Applicant: Peter Obholzer jun., Reydt, Im Elschenbroich

Peter Obholzer jun., Reydt, has been named as the inventor

an essentially similar process has already been used, in which wider strips of lawn were cut off in greater lengths, the size of which is a multiple of the previously mentioned Had turf, mechanically lifted from the topsoil underneath, like a runner rolled up and placed on the area to be greened. This procedure is also proportionate cumbersome, because, as with the previously described turf method, the good rooting one must wait before peeling off a larger sheet of grass can. A significant disadvantage arises in both known methods also from the fact that the Peeling off the pieces of turf as sods or strips very easily cut off the tips of the roots be, d. H. precisely the parts of the rooting that are necessary for the growth of the green area to be created laid out lawn are decisive. The growth is therefore the more delayed the more Root tips have been damaged or cut off during peeling. Furthermore, it is already known to use a so-called turf fur in a turf school, with spread fine Wire mesh or sackcloth brought a weak earth cover and this in the usual way with lawn is sown. After 2 to 3 weeks, this fur can be rolled up and rolled up like a carpet be transported. Immediate heavy use of the area to be planted However, turf fur is not possible because the rooting and thus the cohesion of the The whole thing is still insufficient.

Furthermore, the cultivation of a turf skin is already known in such a way that on a foil base Lay out peat moss, grass seeds and fertilizer in layers and add the whole thing after adding moisture

209 557/135

with a greater inclination by penetrating into the support surface and also grasping the base of the lawn skin Push-in clamps are secured against slipping.

With the help of the method according to the invention it is It is possible to green areas with lawns in as short a time as has not been done before was possible. In addition, areas can also be greened that were previously almost un-

covered with a second film. The foil edges
are sealed together, making this a
Hermetically sealed bed is formed that is up
remains in a flat position for the seed to germinate
and then rolled up. This kind of
Growing the turf fur in a closed
Foil bags prevent the evaporation of
Moisture, however, the spreading of peat moss and seeds in layers results in a rather one-sided rooting, which had to be overcome after the laying of the io good anchoring is the case with stony ground. It is also possible to reach it with the subsurface. Also lent, areas in exhibition halls within a few appear to be covered with turf in the closed hours, so that visitors to a foil pack are not expedient for the fast growth in view of the exhibition immediately after display. pressure that a lawn on the usual

The invention consists in the fact that peat, artificial ways have been used. fertilizer and grass seeds with the addition of a small amount of other uses and advantages

Proportion of seeds or pieces of root of pioneer emerge from the description that the procedure woody plants evenly mixed in a thin ao explained in more detail on the basis of the drawing. Layer on the waterproof substrate from Fig. 1 shows a perspective view

Partial section of a firm and smooth surface with a pad placed on it;

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 with 25 mixture applied to the base; FIG.

Fig. 3 shows a section through part of a

ready-to-transport turf fur;

4 shows schematically the removal of a finished turf from the ground;

Fig. 5 shows one rolled up for transport Turf fur;

Fig. 6 shows schematically the laying on of a turf skin on a sports field area;

FIG. 7 shows, similar to FIG. 6, the placement of a

laid base should be spread and compacted, on which this layer until it is fully vegetated remains unchanged in place with the addition of moisture before it is rolled up.

In this way, a turf skin can be prefabricated, which already during its manufacture a sufficient root penetration of the whole skin receives after laying on the to be planted

Within a very short time, the area has enough roots to become stronger To be able to cope with the demands. The reason for this is in particular that according to the invention for the mixture to be made per square meter

Turf peat about 0.03 m ^s fine peat (lightly compacted 35 turf pelts on an embankment;

measured), 40 g grass seeds, 100 g storage fertilizer Fig. 8 is a section through part of a lawn

(Nitrogen, potash, phosphorus) compiled, preferably with a detail according to FIG. 7.

preferably also seeds and root pieces from pioneers

A small proportion of woody plants were added and all were measured in front of you: depending on the type of vegetation to be planted

Components are intimately mixed with one another. At 40, the compilation of the for

The composition of the mixture can be held in the grass- the mixture required ingredients. Included

In all cases, seeds will be produced per square meter, depending on their later use

Purpose of the lawn skin can be selected. Likewise, turf fur an amount of about 0.03 m ³ fine peat, in

the addition is measured on pieces of seeds and roots of a slightly compacted state, and about

Pioneer trees, depending on the landscape, are provided with 45 100 g of stock fertilizer, which is essentially

to be provided for the lawn carpet to be produced consists of nitrogen, potash and phosphorus. the

Terrain, with the basic plant-sociological selection of the grass seed, which is in an amount of

sentences can be sufficiently observed. On this about 40 g per square meter of turf to be produced

Way is a casual, natural vegetation is set, depends on the type of with the

achieved. Furthermore, with such an additive 50 finished turf skin is to be greened. When a

ensures that the seeds in the moist peat - pronounced ornamental lawn for a parking area

If the mixture of the lawn fur to be produced is to be set up better, grass seeds are used for carpet lawns

goes. selected. For the greening of sports fields

It has also been found that particularly favorable is, of course, the choice of a different type of grass stick Results are achieved when the mixture of 55 seeds is more appropriate, as the lawn of a sports field a layer about 3 cm thick on the undersurface is subjected to completely different stresses location is spread. is used as an ornamental lawn of a parking area. Likewise

Such a layer thickness is completely sufficient to hold up if, for example, an embankment has a a good rooting of the turf skin, especially since the motorway with one produced according to the invention the stock fertilizer present in the mixture is to be covered in 60 lawn fur. In addition to the more adequate Measures the necessary nutrients! Igen intended use of the lawn to be produced. As soon as the foundation and rooting of the adapted grass seeds can be reduced even further of the turf is sufficiently advanced. Proportion of seeds and root pieces of various types the finished turf can be added after being transported to pioneer trees. Such a to-roll shape The rate to be greened, preferably 65, is of course largely based on the land leveled Surfaces are placed. The general appearance of those with turf fur

Furthermore, according to the invention, the area to be covered can be harmoniously classified,

that the turf fur when it is placed on surfaces.

pay attention so that an informal and natural vegetation is achieved. As soon as all Components for a mixture in the adapted for the later use of the lawn skin Assortment are provided, these ingredients are intimately mixed with one another. That means that is, that the grass seed releasing the greening is evenly distributed in the overall mixture and in this respect does not occupy any special position compared to the other components of the mixture. The production of this intimate mixture can be done by hand, depending on the quantities required as well as mechanically by means of suitable and known mixing machines.

During the preparation of the mixture, preparations for further processing can be carried out Mixture to be taken. For this purpose, as shown schematically in FIG. 1 of the drawing, on a solid and smooth substrate 1, a sheet-like base provided with perforations 2 launched. Any firm and smooth surface is suitable as a substrate for the base 2 to be placed on, which should be water-permeable to the smallest possible extent, so that during the care period of the adolescent The moisture to be applied to the lawn remains as largely as possible in the mixture. One Firmly rolled smooth earth is just as good as a substrate suitable such as a concrete surface. The pad 2, shown in Fig. 1 as a hexagonal wire mesh shown and as such can also be seen in part from the other figures, depending on selected according to the intended use of the finished turf skin. In addition to the wire mesh, for example Coarse burlap can be used, either from those commonly used for the manufacture of Burlap can be made of bast fibers or threads of waterproof paper. The vote of the base depends on the area to be greened and the resulting stress. For example, one that is to be displayed in an exhibition hall for a shorter period of time Turf fur made on a wire mesh as shown in the drawing. There Wire meshes are generally galvanized, have no destructive effects due to the applied Moisture, so that the lawn fur rolled up again easily after the end of the exhibition and can be used elsewhere. When the finished lawn fur is used in one place a sackcloth fabric can be used as a base, on which it remains permanently, which for the period of manufacture of the turf skin, the transport of the same to the place of use and the laying of the finished turf skin on the area to be greened is flawless Maintains context as a continuous surface before it rots after a long period of storage. When a there is an unfavorable subsurface on which the finished turf should remain permanently, as is the case, for example is the case with steep slopes or stony subsoil, is expediently in such In cases, a longer-lasting pad is used, such as the hexagonal wire mesh shown represents. Instead of a wire mesh made of metal wire, one made of plastic can also be used Underlay made through openings can be used if such a sheet has sufficient tensile strength having.

After laying the base 2 on the base 1 in web form and in the required length the intimately mixed mixture of peat, fertilizer and grass seed is applied to the substrate and spread on this as a uniform layer 3, as can be seen from FIG. It was found, that a layer about 3 cm thick gives the best results. After applying and Spread the mixture in an even

ίο layer this is pounded or rolled and also moistened to a sufficient extent. In the following time it is up to the achievement of the complete Vegetation carried out an ongoing maintenance with the supply of moisture, as is also the case with direct sown common lawns is the case. The care period lasts about 2 to 3 weeks, within the an even greening is going on. But it is not only the greening of the layer surface, but also the root penetration of the layer, which not only covers the upper part of the layer. That has its reason in the intimately mixed grass seed in the mixture, which is not just like usual Sowing is located on the surface of the layer, but evenly throughout the layer distributed within the same. The rooting of this grass seed, which is distributed in all parts of the layer leads to the fact that the base 2 is reached relatively quickly by part of the roots, loop around the root parts, as they do not penetrate into the firm and smooth subsurface 1 can. This continuous rooting through the entire layer can be seen from FIG. 3, in which shows the base 2, the layer 3 and the grass 4 that has grown out of the surface of the same is. The grass seeds shown as dots within layer 3 in FIG. 2 result in the in Fig. 3 shown complete root penetration of the entire layer 3, which also through the perforations the base 2 through and around it, for example a hexagonal wire mesh hardly completely smooth on the substrate 1 comes to rest, so that between the perforations the base 2 get parts of the applied layer 3, within which the roots continue to drift can. In this way, despite the low layer thickness, a very well cohesive turf fur is created get that at the end of the care period easily from the substrate 1 in the form of a self-contained Web can be lifted off, as Fig. 4 shows. Also the winding up of such a web to a role as shown in Fig. 5, offers no difficulties as a result, so that the finished turf fur can easily be transported in roll form, with during transport some plug-in clips 5 can serve to secure the position of the rolled-up lawn fire.

Due to the good cohesion of the finished turf, the transport in roll form goes smoothly in front of you, and the roles can be placed at the place of use without further ado Surface are placed, as shown for example in Fig. 6 with a sports field area. the to be covered area 6 is leveled out for this purpose and loosened up a bit, so that after

Laying on the webs 7 of the turf skin the rooting of the same within 1 to 2 weeks in the actual sports field floor has penetrated and after about 4 weeks the skin of the turf has become detached

is hardly possible any more from the current reason. That way you can renew the Lawns of sports fields are redeveloped within the rest of the season so that they can be used after this Time can be used to the full extent immediately, which is the case with grass seeds sown directly in the usual way would by no means apply. Exactly as with the example described on the basis of a sports field area can of course any other essentially plane

Use only a part of the seed of pioneer trees added to the mixture for further growth comes, there is definitely an overgrown one too

Individual plants are used in special planting holes, the progress of which depends on the effects is questionable. As the roots of the young pioneer

Felles according to the invention, on the other hand, can achieve a flawless and consistent recultivation can be achieved, since when putting together the mixture for the turf, the proportion of grass seed in 5 of the appropriate species can be selected and also the addition of seeds and root pieces of Pioneer trees according to the respective landscape character both in its kind and its Quantity can be adjusted. Just the seed

or a slightly inclined floor surface with the finished io of the pioneer trees will first be covered with a lawn carpet in the lawn skin. It is also without a far ideal source of food, so that a completely natural more natural way of using such a lawn carpet for growth, which continues as soon as a relatively short time in one of the roots of the exhibition hall formed within the lawn skin, is used for greening or pioneer trees after laying the same on the ground to be recultivated for a short time and for a short time, a possibility of decorating, of course, a carpet of grass with which to penetrate them. Even if a solid base is used on this. These examples should already be the versatile applicability
show the turf skin according to the invention.

The greening area with pioneer trees in a lot of steep slopes, e.g. B. to achieve on highways or larger dimensions than if only on fire dikes, with stony ground
does not matter, but even a sloping rock wall can be planted with lawn as the subsurface.

When the grass trees are sown in the usual way in the laid grass, a good anchoring is achieved In general, a fortification of the steepness is preserved and the turf skin as a result of its peat slopes required by fascines, although the water storage remains favorable in part the risk of washing out the seeds, if affected, can also be done with the help of the turf skin major rains occur. In contrast, a pioneer tree can be used in places on Lawn fur according to the invention readily on every 30 which the planting of individual plants such of the steep embankments listed would be useless from the outset. Since then as shown in FIG. 7, for example. not just the biological adaptation to the land-order the lawn fur strips 7 can be maintained much better during the time of the shaft pattern, but rooting its roots with the subsoil 8 according to the greening with turf fur To provide security against slipping, Erleich plug-in clips, which are important in terms of work, can also be used in the invention 5, as they are created for assemblies in FIG. 5, which result in cost savings corresponding to the quantities of the rolled-up turf fur webs, can be recultivation are shown, from the green side of the turf from wastelands in a very unfavorable location from being plugged into the underground 8, as it has been done, which has been condemned so far Figures 7 and 8 show. If the roots of the 40 were to have to lie dreary. The backup After a while, the lawn fur can be left sufficiently clear to prevent it from slipping measure has penetrated into the subsurface 8 and on such slopes either with the im Ausdiese Way a solid connection between the two exemplary embodiment described plug-in brackets he parts has come about, the plug-in followers can just as well also wall hooks in clamps 5 can be removed again. A rocky slope can be hammered on with one another, as it is for others Find plug clips 5 attached to a steep embankment purposes in the mountains use. Rainfall noticeable on the lawn can not be unfavorable. In all cases, an immediate greening of

Exert influences, as on the one hand, any kind of surface in the turf is possible, as the type of underlay, peat mixture contained a considerable amount of the choice of grass seed mixture and given rainwater and on the other hand 50 if an addition of seeds and roots by Pioneersein Danger of the sowing being washed out by woody universal adaptation possibilities to the There is no more rain at all. The same applies to the intended use of the finished lawn it arises when instead of earth-making bales. This adjustment can also be based on Steep embankments those with stony subsoil enhance the landscape and the effect to be achieved or rock faces in the mountains with turf skins according to 55 are fully taken into account. The invention be greened. Especially in the latter case, if necessary, it can also be matched with ent make the advantages of the turf skin according to speaking change in the proportions of the Invention extraordinarily noticeable. A ge mixture or the thickness of the pad on the understeer Recultivation of rocky slopes has so far been done with location, without the scope of the invention great difficulty in leaving 60 at that. Purpose of both lawns and pioneer trees

should be drawn. In the usual way, lawn cannot be sown at all on a rocky slope
only pioneer trees at intervals can be
are planted in prepared planting holes, with the further advancement of these individual plants of various favorable or unfavorable
Influences is dependent. When using a lawn

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS:
1. Method of making a lawn skin,
the one on a perforated,
sheet-like base, in particular wire mesh, grown, then rolled up,
is transported and placed on the pre-leveled area to be greened, whereby the sub- layer is initially laid out on a smooth surface, then covered with a carrier layer, artificial fertilizer and grass seed, whereupon moisture is added, characterized in that peat, artificial fertilizer and grass seed, optionally with the addition of a small proportion of seeds or pieces of roots of pioneer trees, evenly mixed in a thin Layer are spread out and compacted on the substrate laid out on a waterproof substrate, on which this layer remains unchanged in place until it is completely covered with moisture and before it is rolled up. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that about 0.03 m ^{3 of} fine peat (measured slightly compacted), 40 g of grass seeds, 100 g of stock fertilizer (nitrogen, potash, phosphorus) put together for the mixture per square meter of turf fur to be produced, possibly still Seeds and root pieces from pioneer trees are added in small proportions and all components are added are intimately mixed with each other. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the mixture in a layer about 3 cm thick is spread on the surface. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the turf skin when placed on Areas with a steeper slope due to penetrating into the support surface and the base of the Plug-in clamps that also grasp lawn fur are secured against slipping. Considered publications: U.S. Patent No. 2,876,588;
»Garden world«, 7th year, 1956, issue 9, p. 141, "Sprayed lawn - modern slope reinforcement". For this purpose, 1 sheet of drawings © 209 557/135 3.62