DE1905341A1 - Formwork system - Google Patents

Description

Z 191-39 January 28, 1969

Manfred Zimmermann, civil engineer (grad.),

7702 Gottmadingen, Am Täfele 41

and

Elmar Feuerstein, civil engineer (grad.) *

7701 Beuren / Aach, Steißlinger Strasse 15

k Formwork syst

e m

The; The invention relates to a formwork system in which two panels remaining on the finished wall as an outer skin are connected to each other by their clasps, that their distance corresponds to the desired wall thickness.

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It is already known under the terms of lost formwork and shell concrete, certain - ζτΒ. as plaster base, Thermal insulation and the like. Serving - to use panels as formwork elements, for what purpose mostly Lightweight panels are used.

The advantages of this system are fundamentally known and do not require any explanation here. The ones known so far Formwork methods of this type, however, all have serious, sometimes have different disadvantages from case to case. One of the major drawbacks that all of them have known processes are subject to the fact that in each case an economy or auxiliary formwork is indispensable, since the formwork elements composed of lightweight panels are not sufficient in any of the known methods Have load-bearing capacity.

The simplest of the known forms consists in the fact that two lightweight building panels in one are clasped, e.g. made of wooden slats fixed distance are firmly connected to each other by means of tie wire. The tie wire - in sufficiently thick dimensions - is usually pierced through the relatively soft lightweight panels and then linked outside. This procedure can only be carried out on the construction site itself and requires auxiliary formwork on both sides, so that it is externally uneconomical.

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The situation is similar with another known form., in which the clasps are made of strong boards onto which the lightweight panels are nailed. Here occurs the Disadvantage still. That the finished concrete wall in the area the boards are each large area, the concrete continuous has separating slits, in the area of which there are no material, i.e. there is a statically effective cross connection, so that these walls are loosely strung together from a static point of view Pillars are to be considered.

Finally, it is known to push U-shaped bent bracket from the outside through the lightweight panels, which are then inside are firmly connected to each other, again the target distance by clasps made of wood, concrete blocks or Steel brackets must be fixed.

All known methods have the following disadvantages in common: the respective connections are tedious and time-consuming Manual work, therefore relatively expensive, and are therefore limited to the absolutely necessary minimum number of connection points - namely two to a maximum of three pieces per plate surface - limited. This in turn becomes the free one The span between the connection points is so large that the lightweight panels bulge immediately when the concrete is poured or even break if they were not flat through a Auxiliary formwork to be supported. They still have from

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Box-shaped formwork elements composed of two lightweight panels each have no bond to the neighboring elements, which is why, for this reason, in no case
an auxiliary formwork can be dispensed with.

Der.Erfindung is based on the task of designing a formwork system for shell concrete using lightweight panels or similar panels as permanent formwork so that it can be set up quickly and economically, but the individual panels are given a solid association with the opposite ones as well the neighboring are engaged in such a way that they are without
Support by auxiliary formwork can be filled with concrete, after which this in turn forms a continuous solid wall with large-area separations in the finished state.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the Sjjangen are H-shaped and prefabricated and
at least.s have a Η-bar, the ends of which have means for swelling fastening of the panels, while the Η-bars located at both endons of the H-Stogew can be rigidly fixed in a position at right angles to this and their outer edges are at a distance from one another, dor the Clear target distance from the Ta f oil η corresponds to the spray.

Eirio beneficial; Autsges tuL tung flor invention is based on

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that several clasps are arranged one on top of the other so that the Η-beams are the spars of a continuous one Form a ladder that extends across multiple panels.

Another form of the invention is that the H-web consists of a pipe and the Η-beams are made of diagonally opposite wings are formed.

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Another variant is designed so that the H-bars from at least two parallel bolts and the Η-bar from these bolts rigidly connecting flat bars exist, the bolts extending beyond the flat bars open out into a head each, which is in a holder into place, which is firmly connected to the board.

Another variant provides that each Η-bar is interrupted in two separate parts, which are firmly connected to each other.

can be coupled and of which one part is permanently attached to the same place in a pair of panels. Here is It is advantageous if both parts of a Η-bar are of the same length and open into a joint with which their ends are connectable while the parts are on the board si pivoted about a shaft

It is advantageous if part of the on a board surface angfior (Ineten Spangim with the II bars at an angle to the other

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Part of the clasps is arranged. Appropriately show all clasps arranged on the side edges of the board on one board edge measured from the transverse edge; others Distances than those of the parallel board edge. It offers special distributions if all Η bars have one Panel surface are aligned exactly rotationally symmetrical to this.

Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below. Show it

1 shows an example of a first form of solution in vertical section along the line A-A in FIG. 2, FIG. 2 shows a side view of FIG. 1 in detail , Fig. 4 is an example of a second form of solution in vertical section, along the line CC in Fig. 5 _Λ

Figure 5 is a vertical section along the line D -... D in Figure 4 _Λ Figure 6 shows a variant of Figure 4 in vertical section along the line E -. I _x E in Fig.

Fig. 7 is a vertical section along the line FF in Fig 6 _Λ 8 shows an example for a further Lösungsfprm in vertical section along the line G -... G in Figure 9,

9 shows a horizontal section along the line H - H in FIG. 8, FIG. 10 a vertical section along the line K - K in FIG. 9 _M FIG. 11 a formwork element according to the first form of solution in

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Formwork bond in external view,

12 shows a formwork element according to the second form of solution on the left half according to FIGS. 4, 5 and on the right half according to Fig. 6,7 in an interior view,

13 shows a formwork element in association according to the solution form according to FIGS. 8 to 10 in an interior view,

14 shows the vertical section through a panel cutout hinged, built-in H-bar part,

15 shows the vertical section through a section of a ready-connected formwork element with a divisible Η-stay according to Fig. 14,

16 shows the same vertical section as in FIG. 15, but in the half-closed position and

Fig. 17 in the fully closed position, as it is for the Transport is provided.

For a fundamental solution to the problem on which the invention is based, several requirements must be met;

The clasps must cover panels 1 in all directions of the panel level with the adjacent panels in the Hold on level; the boards may neither move outwards nor shift like a parallelogram and they may do not bulge as a result of the pressure of the enclosed, soft concrete, i.e. the distance between the brackets must be less than be the span of the buckling strength.

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The structural design of the solution according to the invention allows different forms, but all of the above requirements fulfill.

A first form of solution is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, in which the panels 1 are attached to ladder-shaped clasps. The Η-bars of the clasps exist here of two parallel wires 2, between which the Η-bar consisting of round bars 3 rigidly attached - preferably are welded on. If, as shown in FIG. 1, a large number of such H-shaped clips 2 * 3 are lined up one above the other, then creates a ladder-shaped column with the H-beams forming round bars are 3 continuous spars. Such supports can be made in the method known from structural steel mesh can be produced very simply and efficiently and are therefore also relatively cheap. The rigid fixation of the right-angled The position between the wires 2 and the round bars can be achieved, for example, by means of welded-in inclined struts 4 secured.

The ends of the wires 2 protrude on both sides by more than the thickness of the panels 1 beyond the round bars 3. the Panels 1 can either be supplied with pre-filled pass holes or they are simply attached from the outside onto the protruding ends of the wires 2 on the construction site and attached what is possible e.g. with lightweight construction platform.

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After that, perforated iron washers 5 are expediently opened the ends of the wires 2 attached, as shown on the right in the middle area of FIG. To the immovable Fixing the panels 1 are then the protruding ends of the wires 2 bent over (see Fig. 1 below), which e.g. a spade-shaped tool is very easy to do, which is inserted between the wire ends and slightly is twisted.

It is also useful if the lower ends of the round rods 3 are extended and bent at right angles to one foot 6 each are, whereby the erection of the ladder-shaped supports is made much easier, especially at the start of work.

In FIG. 11, a panel 1 iii association anchored according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is shown in a detail of a wall. It goes from there shows that the panels anchored in this way can easily be arranged offset in the masonry association. Are the Distances between the wires on the one hand and the ladder-shaped supports on the other hand, on the dent strength of the panels 1 coordinated, then no additional auxiliary formwork is required for the completed formwork, while on the other hand the relatively thin wires 2 the concrete cross section in in no way noteworthy. pregnant or even cut up, so that this is fully static as a continuous Wall can be viewed.

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A second form of solution is shown in FIGS. Here the H-shaped clasps are made individually, whereby a relatively thin tube 7 serves as a Η-bar and the H-bar is formed by two wings 8 extending from the tube 7 will. These clasps can be forged from iron e.g. cast or cast; however, they can just as easily look Plastic can be manufactured e.g. by injection molding.

The tube 7 is extended over the outer edges of the wings 8 at both ends by a little less than the thickness of the panels 1 and designed to accommodate a holding head that can be used quickly, for which many shapes are possible. Two examples for this are shown in Fig. 4, in which the holding head from a flat, slightly pressed into the panel 1 ~ send plate 9 consists, which merges inwardly into a shaft Io. The latter can have a coarse thread be provided for screwing into the tube 7 (see Fig. 4 left) or e.g. have sawtooth-shaped grooves with which it can be pressed resiliently into the end of the pipe and click into place (see Fig. 4 on the right).

It is useful if the wing 8 has a tip 11 at least at one end that digs into the panel 1 and then an unintentional twisting of the clip 7 * 8 (e.g. as a result of the fresh concrete falling in) prevented. It is also useful if the panels 1 are already at

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the production with precisely set up fitting bores for Recording of the pipe ends are provided.

The letztgeschil-clasp-made form is preferably lighter walls geeigne L. · For heavier walls, however, is a variant advantageous ^ shown in Figs. 6 and ¹ J. There the outer edges of the wings 8 are each supplemented and reinforced by a plate 12 which, when installed, rests flat on the panel 1. It can be fastened to the panel 1 quickly and in a very durable manner, for example by means of rivets 13 inserted by means of a compressed air device, in which case, of course, the other hand can be drawn onto the holding head 9.1o. The tube 7 ends flush with the outer surface of the plate 12.

Another solution form is shown in Figs. 8 to Io » Here are the Η bars made of thin bolts 14 and the II bars formed from flat bars 15 in the form that at least each two bolts 14 combined in parallel and through continuous Flat bars 15 are rigidly connected to one another. the Outer edges of the flat bars 15 are spaced apart from one another on, which corresponds to the SoIl ^ Lichtneite of the formwork.

The ends of the bolts 14 protrude over the outer edges of the flat bars 15 out and open into heads 16 that are in brackets 17 can be attached, which in turn are already

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Position of the panels 1 in this bedded and anchored wei-'J'-jn. It is advantageous if e.g. in the case of the JargL = - In the example, two brackets 17 each through a lashing 18 i are rigidly connected to one another with a precise bolt spacing.

The clasps consisting of the pair of bolts 14 which form a material unit with the flat bar pair 15 can as well as the pairs of brackets 17, 18 are advantageously manufactured as mass injection molded plastic or, for example, also in malleable cast iron so that they can be supplied relatively inexpensively.

The engagement of the heads 18 in the brackets 17 can be made effective in many configurations. If, for example, a plastic that is elastic to a certain extent is used, then connections etc. can be designed in the manner of a push button. Another example - which is also suitable for motorized versions - is shown in the drawings. Here the heads 16 are stepped cylindrically and dir. · Brackets have key-less openings. D iß Köjjfe 16 was pushed in while Jose, after which .Jie whole clasp 14,15,16 is pushed laterally until the stop of the openings lü Vfifischoben, which end position is in Fig. 8 and ¹ J uargestelle.

For arid hanging forums, for securing the end position

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located clasps against unintentional loosening, for the release, Formation of the armature 20 and other structural details are so many possibilities from related technical fields known that there is no need to discuss them here.

From bes D ή d er em "Vo r'trei Γ '' i S't ^s * s j- - when the flat bars 14 on one side of the clasp protrude a considerable amount longer over the bolts 14 than on the other end. This makes it possible It is possible to insert the clips arranged on the edge of the board so that they protrude beyond the edges of the board (as shown in Figures 8 and 9) Boards 1 are guided once in one plane and on the other hand are supported against both indentation and bulging. If, on the other hand, protrusion of the flat bars is not desired - e.g. when connecting to existing foundations or in the 'lowest board layer' set up on firm ground, then it is sufficient einzusoti'.on the clasps 14,15jl6 uia 180 rotated in the brackets 17, in which case then the short ends of the Flächstiibo 15 remain in the clearance area of the panels. 1

12 and 13 are advantageous arrangement parts of the clasps according to FIGS. 4 to 7 and 8 to Io on the panels illustrated. As is apparent from Fig. 13, hereafter

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all clips located on the edge of the table at right angles to this so close to it that the short ends of the flat rods 15 still just about iro blackboard light space remain if they are directed outwards, so that the outwardly directed ^ ange end protrudes beyond the edge. Furthermore, the arrangement of all The clasps located on the edge of the board by at least the clasp thickness in the same circumferential direction next to the ones provided Support axes shifted, so that in no case do the clasps of adjacent panels 1 overlap or obstruct each other can.

To ensure a «good stiffening of the formwork elements in all To get direction, the clips are also inside the table. arranged both partially in the longitudinal direction and partially also at right angles to this in the transverse direction. In the end it is particularly advantageous if all Spanger. - so all brackets 17, 18 anchored in the board are rotationally symmetrical are arranged so that the table also rotates 180 and offers the unchanged arrangement as before. this e-in saves time-consuming checking and sorting of the boards before assembly, because it can then be used in any transverse position.

The same applies, of course, to the use of clasps beyond FIGS. 4 and 5 (cf. FIG. 12 left) or FIGS. 6 and 7 CVgI. Fig. 12 right).

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In production, the carrion also prepares for the Fig. 8 to Io no difficulties, because the brackets 17 with the lugs 18 and anchors 2o can, for example, be fixed to the bottom of the mold using dowel pins, after which the tablet mass is poured in and pressed.

The insertion can be done so that all clasps one Table 1 can previously be releasably fixed to a gauge, after which all clasps are inserted into the table with one movement can be. Developing a teaching suitable for this purpose poses no difficulty to the person skilled in the art, and one such can be used both in the manufacturing plant and on the construction site. So3.1en formwork elements according to the above Versions are already assembled in the factory and brought to the construction site ready, then this has the advantage the faster processing, but it had to be accepted that a lot of space is required for transport with a low loading weight.

In this case it is Bess / he, either the one already mentioned Teaching - e.g. made of card foam or, if necessary, with magnetic holding devices - to be used on the construction site or else to provide a variant of the clasps, as illustrated in FIGS. On the one hand, this enables that Insertion of the clasps in the factory, but at the same time, on the other hand, the transport of packets lying on top of each other.

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Here, the H-bars consisting, for example, of angle bars 21, are designed so that they have partial sections which can be connected to one another by a joint 22, for example, arranged in the middle of the section and which are interrupted during manufacture and assembly. At the same time, their connections to the H-bars, which in the example each consist of a bearing bar 23 firmly cast and anchored in the panel, are hinged in that the ends of these sections of the K-bars are pivotably mounted on a shaft 24 fixed in the bearing bar 23 are. It is particularly expedient in this case if the Lagerbalkgfl 23 consist of at least two H-bridges 21,22 from one continuous part.

Each panel 1 of a formwork element is then provided per each clasp half Η-web which is folded up in se la the sheet 1 embedded daßjeine occupies in its recessed position, as shown in Fig. 14. It is advantageous if the angle bar 23 can be fixed in the folded-out position in a position at right angles to the panel 1, which can be done, for example, by means of a resiliently latching cam 25.

(The bearing balcony 23,24 and the half H-webs incl. 21) Nacli the preparation of the individual panels 1, these can be already connected together in pairs to produce formwork elements in the manufacturing plant by, for example, in the overall

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Steering eyes of the folded out angle bars 21 compressed air rivets are used so that the joints 22 are closed. The pairs of panels (as illustrated in FIG. 16) can then simply be folded up again until the panels 1 are again flush and close together. In this position shown in FIG. 17, the angle bars 2 <i are full again sunk in the panels 1 without interfering with each other.

For the work processes described last, suitable tools in the manufacturing plant without difficulty produce, the interrelationship of the panels 1 on rational and inexpensive way. The one to sink of the angle bars 21 required recesses 2ö in the Table 1 only slightly affects their cross-section and can be safely accepted. In critical In cases, nothing stands in the way of providing suitable bridges that overlap the recesses 26 if necessary, can be connected to the bearing beam 23.

With this design, it is advantageous if the interrupted Sections 21 of the Η-webs next to the right-angled Position to the board plane fixing cams 23 still have additional stops, which a stretched over Prevent bending of the joints 22 going beyond this position. In the example this stop consists of one over the joint

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22 extending extension 27 of the vertical web of the angle bar 21 _Λ which rests on the horizontal bar of the connected angle bar 21 extending up to close to the joint when the joint is in the extended position. As a result, the H-web 21 * 22, 27 cannot bend downwards, for example when the fresh concrete hits, and thereby change the position of the panels 1 in relation to one another in an undesirable manner. On the other hand, however, slight fluctuations during the concrete filling are not harmful, since the soft fresh concrete exerts a uniform pressure to the outside after filling, so that the H-webs 21,22 are only subjected to tension and the panels 1 with certainty at this point at the latest take the specified distance to each other exactly.

The advantages of the invention are that the clasps due to the possibility of mass production only cause relatively low costs and, on the other hand, their serial production Fastening to the boards only requires a fraction of the labor costs previously necessary. This in turn does it is economically justifiable to use the formwork elements with one To give away a variety of inventive clasps, so that their distance from one another the required dent resistance of the tables, which in turn has the consequence that the otherwise indispensable auxiliary formwork can be dispensed with can. Another particular advantage is that

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with the clasp arrangement according to the invention on the edges of the board ensures an exact and immovable wall plane and the edges cannot deform either inwards or outwards.

The last-described Ausführungsbsi finally play still has the special advantage _Λ that the panels to .fertigen elements connected but can be transported in a safe and space-saving package form the point of use, where these elements are ready by simply Auseina.nderziehen, making the work as well as the labor costs can be reduced considerably.

Finally, the formwork according to the invention still opens advantageous, new types; for example, as panels Panels with a finished outer skin, e.g. made of plastic, metal, wood, asbestos cement and the like, are used that do not have any Learn more about further aftercare. This is possible because this outer skin remains unaffected by the clasps and also not chafed by an auxiliary formwork or otherwise it can be damaged. Also the use of storey-high Formwork elements is easily possible with the aid of the clips according to the invention.

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Claims (19)

PATENT CLAIMS: l.yj formwork system in which two as an outer skin on the finished wall remaining panels are connected by several clips so that their distance is the desired Wall thickness corresponds, characterized in that the clips are H-shaped and at least one H-web (2, 7, 14 or 21), the ends of which have means (5j 9, lo; 12.13; 16,17 or 22,24) for quick attachment of the panels (1), while the at both ends of the Η-bar located H-bars (3, 8, 15, 18 or 23) can be rigidly fixed in a position at right angles to this and their outer plumbing edges have a distance from one another which corresponds to the clear setpoint distance between the panels. 2. / Formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that several clasps (2,3,4,5) arranged one above the other are combined so that the H-beam (3) the spars of a Form a continuous ladder that extends over several panels (1) extends. 3. / Formwork system according to claim 2, characterized in that the H-beams consist of continuous round bars (3) and the Η-web «from j ο two welded on the boidside of the round bars (3) Wires (2), which by more than table ^Ännö ^ / 1i70 -22- 19053ΓΓ " Strength beyond the round bars (3) extends the board (1) on the outside of the round bars and each Carry a perforated iron disc (5) attached from the outside, while the freely protruding ends are bent. 4. / Formwork system according to claim 3, characterized in that the ladder-shaped composite clasps (2,3) through Inclined struts (4) are stiffened and the round bars (3) at their lower ends each with a foot (6> are angled. 5. / Formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that the Η-web consists of a tube (7) and the Η-bar from the pipe (7) outgoing, diagonally opposite wings (8) are formed, while the pipe ends for receiving are designed by the panel (1} clamping means. 6. / Formwork system according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for fastening the panel (1) each consist of a plate (9), the shaft (lo) of which is screwed into the tube (7) or is indentable. 7. / Formwork system according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for fastening the panel (1) from one plate (12) each rigidly connected to the tube (7> and the wings (8)) exist, which in turn for the rigid attachment c, a of Table (1) is equipped. 009832/1 170 -23- 19053ft ■ s- 8. / Formwork system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that that at least one wing (8) is equipped with a point (11) penetrating into the panel (1). 9. / _t formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that as Η-webs at least two bolts (14) by two flat bars (15) serving as Η-bars are rigidly connected to one another and extended beyond the flat bars (15) in each a head (16) which engages in a holder (17, 19) fixedly connected to the panel (1). lo./ formwork system according to claim 9, characterized in that all brackets (17) for the heads (16) belonging to a clasp (14, 15) are rigidly connected to one another by tabs (18) and have anchors (2o) with which they are firmly anchored in the panel (1). 11. / formwork system according to claim 9 or lo, characterized in, that the flat bars (15) are extended beyond the bolts (14) and the extent of the extension on one bolt is considerably larger than on the other bolt. 12. / Formwork system according to Claim 1, characterized in that each Η-web is interrupted in two separate sections (21) which can be permanently coupled to one another, each of which is permanently attached to the same position of a pair of panels ! £ +> 009B32 / 1 1 70 _ ₂ 4- 19053H "" 13./ Formwork system according to claim 12, characterized in that that both sections (21) of a Η-web are of equal length and their connection is designed as a joint (22), while they are pivotably articulated on the board (1) on a shaft (24) firmly connected to it. 14./ Formwork system according to claim 13, characterized in that that the sections (21) of the Η-web with stops (25, 27) are provided, which their perpendicular position to the Fix the panels (1) and prevent the joint (22) from sagging beyond the extended position. 15./ Formwork system according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the sections (21) of the Η-webs in to the panel (1) folded position are arranged completely sunk in this in a recess (26). 16./ Formwork system according to one of claims 1 or 5 to 13, characterized in that part of the on a board surface arranged clasps with the H-bars (8,12,15,18 or 23) at an angle to the other part of the clasps is. 17./ Formwork system according to claim 16, characterized in that as an aid for inserting the clasps into the panel a tool is used, which the clasps in exactly the right way 009832/1170 - 25 - 1905311 " Position-to each other releasably includes and holds without it extends into the board area. 18./ Formwork system according to claim 16, characterized in that that all on the side edges of the board (1) arranged Η-bars (8,12; 15,18 or 23) on a board edge of the Measured on a transverse edge, the distances differ from those of the parallel board edge. 19./ Formwork system according to claim 16 or 18, characterized in that that all H-bars (8,12; 15,18; 23) of a board surface are arranged exactly rotationally symmetrical to this. The representative: GÖNTER LGEISS PATENT ENGINEER RADOLFZELL / ßODENSEE ORIGINAL INSPECTED 009832/1170 Blank page