DE202008018508U1 - Wet-cleaning electrostatic filter for exhaust gas purification - Google Patents

Abstract

Electrostatic precipitator (1) for exhaust gas purification and / or heat recovery, in particular also for exhaust gas purification for the exhaust gases from biomass furnaces, in which the electrostatic precipitator (1) has a separation chamber (2) through which the exhaust gas is passed, whereby in the area of the separation chamber ( 2) or a charging device (6) for the electrostatic charging of particles in the exhaust gas is arranged adjacent to the separation chamber (2), as well as in the area of the separation chamber (2) a separation device (12) that is electrostatically charged or grounded against the charge of the particles Interaction with the particles is arranged, the separation device (12) can be flown through by the particles electrostatically charged by the charging device (6), and a dispensing device (5) for cleaning fluid is arranged such that the area of the separation device (12) can be sprayed at least periodically and the cleaning liquid on the surface of the separation egg Device (12) removes deposited particles, characterized in that the separating device (12) has a filling (3) in the form of a pile or a bed of electrostatically chargeable components with a large surface area in relation to their volume, between which the exhaust gas passes and releases its previously electrostatically charged particles, the individual components of the pile or the bed adjoining one another in such a state that an electrostatic charge or grounding applied externally to the separating device (12) is distributed over the entire pile or the bed and essentially all of it Individual components of the filling (3) are electrostatically charged or grounded.

Description

The invention relates to a wet-cleaning electrostatic filter for exhaust gas purification according to the preamble of claim 1 or 16.

The invention relates to an electrostatic, wet-cleaning electrostatic precipitator for exhaust gas purification and / or heat recovery according to claim 1 and to a method for exhaust gas purification and / or heat recovery by means of a wet scrubbing electrostatic precipitator for any application - especially for the flue gases of biomass furnaces. Under exhaust gas purification here is understood both the reduction of particulate as well as gas and odor emissions.

The ongoing discussion on fine dust has led legislators to tighten emission requirements. In particular, the reduction of fine and particulate matter emissions is up for debate.

For a long time, so-called scrubbers have been used as wet scrubbers for particulate emissions. Their design principle is based on the inertia of the dust particles to be removed in the exhaust stream, which can not follow the flow of spray droplets in the spray field of the exhaust gas flow, impact the droplets and be deposited with them. This justifies that wet scrubbers only cause the deposition of coarser dust particles up to about 0.5 μm. Smaller dust particles can no longer be effectively separated due to the low mass inertia of the dust particles, since they follow the gaseous fluid flow and thus are not subject to any interactions with the liquid droplets produced in the scrubber.

However, recent publications show that the maximum of particulate matter emissions z. B. of wood combustion at a mean aerodynamic diameter of less than 0.5 microns. For example, the maximum of particulate matter emissions from wood pellet firing is less than 100 nm, ie in the fine dust dust range. Theoretically, wet scrubbers can therefore not cause a reduction in particulate matter.

In contrast, dry electrostatic precipitators are able to deposit even the finest dust particles smaller than 100 nm with up to 99% effectiveness. The deposition principle is based on a corona-tip discharge and the subsequent particle charging, so that the negatively charged particles can be deposited on a grounded precipitation electrode. Typical designs are tube or plate electrostatic precipitator z. B. in power plants. However, such dry electrostatic working separator have some disadvantages. These are on the one hand design and size. However, they must be mechanically cleaned, which either has an interruption in the operation of the separator and thus possibly an entire system according to or simultaneously causes emissions of the fluidized dust particles deposited during cleaning. Unlike wet scrubbers, they can not recover energy from the flue gases. Likewise, flashovers from the high voltage electrode can cause ignition and explosions of the flue gas. Other disadvantages are frequent cleaning intervals and, in particular for smaller systems, the need for partial manual cleaning by the operator or the chimney sweep.

In addition, wet electrostatic precipitators are known. The mechanical cleaning is eliminated. Instead, it is done by spraying the collecting electrode with water. However, even these wet electrostatic precipitators have disadvantages in terms of design and size and are technically complex, resulting in high costs. Also, a condensation of pollutants contained in the exhaust gas, which adjusts an accumulation of the pollutants in the circulating water, otherwise there is a high water demand.

In contrast, a wet scrubber developed by the Japanese company Mitsubishi called MDDS (Mitsubishi Di-Electric Droplet Scrubber) combines an electrostatic deposition with a wet scrubbing, which uses the dipole character of the water in the process outlined. The particulate-laden exhaust gas is pre-charged before entering the actual deposition chamber and passed through a scrubber field. It then passes through a chamber similar to a plate capacitor, with one side of the chamber at high voltage, the other at ground / ground potential. As a result, a homogeneous electric field is generated between the plates, whereby the water molecules (dipoles) align. As a result of this, electric fields also form between the water droplets located in the chamber, as a result of which dust particles and other impurities in the exhaust gas flow, which are located between the water droplets, are accelerated towards the droplets. This method allows deposition rates of 90-99%. Disadvantages of this method result from the design and size and the fact that you can not retrofit existing scrubber without great technical effort with this method.

Furthermore, fabric filters are also known. In these filters, the surface (metal, textile, cellulose) is so fine-pored that the Dust particles are retained. The cleaning is done mechanically or pneumatically. Fabric filters require a lot of space, the cleaning releases dust, furthermore results in a very high pressure loss, therefore a high additional fan power is necessary to remove the exhaust gases.

Also, a separation of the dust particles is also solved by cyclones. In the case of the cyclones, the coarser dust is separated by the inertia of the dust particles, but no fine dust separation takes place and a higher blower output is required.

In known so-called. Condensation, a small dust deposition takes place, which is still dependent on the fuel water content and the return temperatures dependent.

In the U.S. Patent 1,905,993 , of the WO 02/085524 A1 , of the WO 2006/004490 A1 , of the US 2008/0038173 A1 , of the US 5,855,652 A and the US 5 601 791 A are electrostatic precipitator for contained in gas streams dust particles or the like. Described that cause an ionization and attachment of the dust particles to collector elements, a purification of the gas stream of the dust particles. To clean the collector elements, a periodically inserted liquid stream is used, which wets the collector elements and ablates and removes the dust particles deposited there. The degree of attachment of such devices is limited in principle, since the deposition surfaces limited and the deposition behavior is not optimal. All of these documents show the deposition of electrostatically charged particles on a few, usually geometrically very simply designed and oppositely charged to the particles surfaces, typically in the form of flat plates, tubes or the like. For this purpose, the current of the charged particles is usually on directed the oppositely charged surfaces, that as far as possible capture of the electrostatically charged particles can be done.

Object of the present invention is therefore to further reduce the dust emissions of exhaust gases of any kind and in particular of solid fuel firing and thereby to ensure long-term stable operation of the corresponding system.

The solution of the object of the invention results in terms of wet-cleaning electrostatic precipitator from the characterizing features of claim 1 in conjunction with the features of the preamble. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a generic electrostatic precipitator for exhaust gas purification and / or heat recovery, in particular also for exhaust gas purification for the exhaust gases of biomass furnaces, in which the electrostatic precipitator has a separation chamber through which the exhaust gas is passed, wherein in the region of the deposition chamber or adjacent to the deposition chamber is arranged a charging device for the electrostatic charging of particles located in the exhaust gas, as well as in the region of the deposition chamber an electrostatically charged or grounded separation device is arranged against the charge of the particles for interaction with the particles, which flow through the electrostatically charged particles from the charging device, and a cleaning liquid dispenser sprays the region of the separator at least periodically, and the cleaning liquid cleans the particles deposited on the surface of the separator. Such an electrostatic precipitator is thereby developed in accordance with the invention wieter, that the separator a filling in the form of a heap or a bed of electrostatically chargeable components with a large proportion in relation to their volume surface, between which the exhaust gas pass and leave his previously electrostatically charged particles can.

Such a combination of separation device with a large surface for interaction with the particles, a dispenser for wet cleaning of the particles from the surface of the separator and the electrostatic charging of the particles before the deposition of the separator allows a substantially automatic and reliable over a longer period of time Operation of the electrostatic filter, even with a high degree of cleaning of unwanted particles. The electrostatic precipitator according to the invention can be used for the purification of any gas streams that carry small particles of any kind, which may be disadvantageous for the further processing of the gas stream or the discharge of the gas stream into the environment. To simplify matters, this always refers to exhaust gas and particles, if such a gas stream or corresponding particles are meant, whereby exhaust gas not only circumscribes the exhaust gas of a combustion process or the like. The electrostatic precipitator electrically charges the particles in the exhaust gas by means of corona discharge. Advantages of the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention here are in particular a simple structure and a compact design, a low power consumption and a low consumption of cleaning fluid with high cleaning performance. Likewise, owing to the low flow resistance, it is possible to achieve a high volumetric flow rate with simultaneously high particulate matter precipitation.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the separation device has a filling of electrostatically chargeable components, between which the exhaust gas can pass through and can deliver its previously electrostatically charged particles. Such a charge of electrostatically chargeable components, particularly with a large volume-to-volume interaction surface with the particles, allows for a high degree of particulate matter separation by the repeated interaction of each particle with the large surface area as the charge passes through each Particles often enough opportunity to attach to this surface. A particularly large surface of the filling can be achieved if the filling is formed from a heap of geometrically indeterminate shaped individual components of the filling. Such a heap of geometrically indeterminate shaped individual components usually forms a large surface in itself. Due to the likewise geometrically indeterminate assignment of the individual components to each other, many flow channels between the individual components, in which the exhaust gas is always redirected and in addition a corresponding improvement of the interaction of the particles of the exhaust gas with the surface of the individual components is achieved.

It is particularly advantageous if the individual constituents of the aggregate adjoin one another in such a state that an electrostatic charge or grounding applied externally to the precipitator is distributed over the entire aggregate and essentially all individual constituents of the filling are electrostatically charged or grounded. As a result, by contacting each individual component with adjacently arranged further individual components of the filling, the electrical charge or the change can be simply coupled into the filling by making a corresponding contact from outside and propagating the electrical potential across the electrically conductive individual components over the entire filling ,

Particularly advantageously, the filling can be configured in that the filling has metallic chips, in particular turnings or the like, or metallic wool or the like. Such metallic chips such as cuttings, shavings or the like usually have a very irregularly shaped geometry and can be compactly stored in the filling only while keeping appropriate channels and open areas. At the same time, these metallic chips or metallic wools are inherently electrically conductive, so that an electric potential applied from the outside to the filling inevitably spreads over the entire filling. Furthermore, such metallic chips or metallic wool are very inexpensive to obtain, since this is usually waste products such as from the production areas of metal workshops or the like, and these materials incurred there in large quantities. As a result, the filling according to the invention can be produced very inexpensively and thus the operation of the electrostatic precipitator is less expensive.

In another embodiment, it is conceivable that the filling of a bed of electrostatically chargeable parts, preferably from electrostatically chargeable plastic bodies or the like. Is formed. Such electrostatically chargeable parts may be shaped irregularly, for example, in their geometry and thus attach to each other only while keeping appropriate channels in the filling, at the same time made about plastic and made electrically conductive parts can be made very inexpensively.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that the filling of metallic and / or electrostatically chargeable plates or bodies is formed geometrically determined shape. Such electrostatically chargeable plates or body geometrically determined form are arranged in a likewise geometrically determined arrangement to each other within the separator, in a further embodiment, the plates or bodies are arranged in the separator so that they form between them a plurality of channels for the passage of the exhaust gas in which the electrostatically charged particles of the exhaust gas can attach to the counter-electrostatically charged plates or bodies. As a result, it is also possible to achieve a very high surface area for interaction with the particles of the exhaust gas and thus a high rate of deposition of the particles from the exhaust gas. The cleaning of such plates or body geometric shape by the cleaning liquid is also particularly easy, since the cleaning liquid can easily move through the geometric arrangement of the plates or body.

It is particularly advantageous if the filling and / or the separating device is independent of the rest of the electrostatic filter, such as when the filling and / or the separating device in the form of a replaceable in its entirety unit, preferably a cartridge or the like. Into the deposition chamber can be introduced. As a result, the filling can be either completely renewed or simply perform a cleaning, without the filling from the separator must be removed gradually and also gradually reintroduced accordingly. As a result, the change or the cleaning of the filling can be significantly accelerated.

Of particular importance is that the filling fills the entire passage cross section of the deposition chamber and the entire exhaust gas flows through the filling. As a result, a flow around the filling without purification of the exhaust gas flow is reliably excluded from the particles and the quality of the cleaning of the exhaust gas flow overall guaranteed.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the charging device is arranged in the flow direction in front of the deposition chamber or in the flow direction within the deposition chamber in front of the separation device. As a result, the particles of the exhaust gas stream are charged electrically or electrostatically early before flowing through the separation device, so that the particles can be captured particularly well by the counter-charged or grounded surface of the separator.

It is furthermore advantageous if a number of nozzles are arranged in the deposition chamber such that the cleaning liquid is sprayed onto the separation device in the form of spray jets or in the form of a mist. By spraying the cleaning liquid in the form of sprays or spray, a particularly good distribution of the cleaning liquid over the entire volume of the separator and thus the filling can be achieved, so that each part of the surface of the filling or the separator comes into contact with the cleaning liquid and thus the deposited there particles of the exhaust gas can be cleaned. The cleaning using the cleaning liquid can preferably be carried out fully automatically periodically by one or more spray scrubbers. In this case, in a further embodiment, the cleaning liquid after spraying, preferably under the influence of gravity, moisten substantially all the individual components of the filling and solve there accumulated particles of the exhaust gas and dissipate. The sprayed onto the separation device cleaning liquid moves under the influence of gravity through the channels of the filling to the lower end of the separator and exits there again from the filling. In this way, the cleaning liquid wets almost the entire surface of the filling and thereby takes all accumulated particles from the exhaust gas flow with it. This makes it possible to achieve a simple, inexpensive and nevertheless very effective cleaning of the separating device or the filling.

It is also conceivable that the charging device is arranged downstream of the nozzles in the flow direction within the deposition chamber. As a result, the charging device can be simultaneously and continuously cleaned by the cleaning fluid discharged from the nozzles, so that no incrustations can form on the charging device and also the use of a ceramic supply line to the charging device would be possible.

Depending on the type of exhaust gas, it may be advantageous if the materials of the filling for cleaning aggressive exhaust gases are designed such that the filling consists of an electrochemically more noble material than the rest of the separator and therefore acts as a sacrificial anode. This prevents that the deposition chamber or the shell of the separator is corroded by aggressive components from the exhaust gases over time or even dissolved, since the filling acts as a sacrificial anode, but this does not adversely affect the replacement of the filling.

It is also conceivable that before and / or after entry into the deposition chamber, a heat exchanger is arranged, in which the temperature of the exhaust gas is lowered and / or a portion of the amount of heat contained in the exhaust gas is recovered. In particular, at high exhaust gas temperatures, the exhaust gas temperature can be lowered by upstream or downstream of a heat exchanger and thus a part of the energy can be recovered from the exhaust gas. In addition, this can be minimized by the amount of liquid sprayed and excessive evaporation of the cleaning liquid can be avoided if the arrangement of the heat exchanger before entering the deposition chamber or the separator takes place.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the separation device can be made retrofittable not only for new plants but also for existing exhaust systems.

The invention further describes a method for exhaust gas purification and / or heat recovery, in particular also for exhaust gas purification for the exhaust gases of biomass furnaces, in which an electrostatic precipitator has a separation chamber through which the exhaust gas is passed, wherein in the region of the deposition chamber or adjacent to the deposition chamber a charging device for the electrostatic charging of particles located in the exhaust gas is arranged. In this case, the particles charged electrostatically by the charging device can be conducted through a region of the deposition chamber in which a deposition device electrostatically charged or earthed against the charge of the particles is arranged, the region of the separation device being sprayed at least periodically by sprayed-on cleaning liquid and those on the surface of the precipitation device Abscheideeinrichtung accumulated particles are cleaned.

It is particularly advantageous if the cleaning liquid is collected after passing through the separating device or is introduced into the sewage network with little contamination when using water as a cleaning liquid. In another embodiment, it is also conceivable that the cleaning liquid is collected and cleaned after passing through the separator or also reused, for example. Depending on the degree of soiling, the used cleaning fluid such as water can either be discharged directly into the sewer or collected and disposed of. This eliminates the need for other dry electrostatic filters periodic cleaning and disposal of dust. The cleaning liquid is discharged together with the particles dissolved in it from the electrostatic precipitator and either collected and disposed of, or treated and discharged into the sewage network, or introduced at lower load directly into the sewage network.

It is conceivable in a first embodiment that the spraying of the cleaning liquid takes place in the flow direction of the exhaust gas through the filling. Another conceivable embodiment provides that the spraying of the cleaning liquid against the flow direction of the exhaust gas takes place through the filling. This makes it possible to achieve an additional countercurrent effect. It is also conceivable that the spraying of the cleaning liquid takes place in the crossflow or transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gas through the filling.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the electrostatic filter according to the invention is shown in the drawing.

Show it:

1 A first embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention with an upstream heat exchanger and filling made of chips in countercurrent,

2 - A variant of the electrostatic filter according to 1 with opposite flow direction,

3 - A variant of the electrostatic filter according to 1 without upstream heat exchanger,

4 - A variant of the electrostatic filter according to 1 with an existing configuration of plates filling.

In the 1 is a systematic view of the basic structure of the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention 1 shown, wherein the 2 to 4 corresponding variants of the electrostatic precipitator 1 according to 1 represent. The same part numbers designate the same components here.

The electrostatic filter 1 according to 1 consists essentially of two separate, via a transfer port 14 connected chambers, wherein in the direction of flow 11 front chamber a heat exchanger 7 is indicated, can be coupled with the corresponding amounts of heat from the exhaust stream. This heat exchanger 7 can, but need not in the inventive electrostatic precipitator 1 be provided, as for example from the 3 becomes recognizable.

After flowing through the heat exchanger 7 in the flow direction 11 is in the area of the overflow channel 14 an electrode 6 indicated, are electrostatically charged with the particles present in the exhaust stream before they are in the deposition chamber 2 in the area of the separator 12 enter and there deposited in the manner described below. In the electrostatic filter 1 according to 1 The flow of exhaust gas after entering the inlet 9 deflected several times before the exhaust gas flow in the area of the separator 12 arrives. Of course, here is a more direct management of the exhaust stream without these deflections conceivable, as is also apparent from the 3 can be seen.

In the area of the deposition chamber 2 is a separator 12 from a filling 3 arranged so that they the entire flow cross-section in the deposition chamber 2 fills and the exhaust gas flow inevitably through the separator 12 must pass through. The filling of the separator 12 This may for example consist of a dense packing of chips or wool made of metallic materials or the like, between which corresponding flow channels remain open and thus the exhaust gas flow through the filling 3 overall can pass. After charging the particles of exhaust gas flow through the electrode 6 the particles have changed so much that they are at a grounding of the filling 3 or at a similar polarity of the filling 3 to the polarity of the particles to the chips of the filling 3 can be stored and held there due to electrical attractions. Thus, the filling acts 3 due to their electrical charge and the flow through the exhaust stream as a kind of filter for the particles of the exhaust stream, which is substantially within the filling 3 be caught and held back.

Would be in the operation of the electrostatic precipitator 1 this flow through the filling 3 continue over a period of time, so would the filling 3 to be clogged with time and not be permeable. To avoid this effect is above the filling 3 the separator 12 a nozzle 5 arranged to receive a cleaning liquid such as water in the form of a spray field 4 towards the separator 12 releases and this cleaning fluid under gravity through the filling 3 the separator 12 flows through and at the bottom of the separator 12 exits again. On the way through the filling 3 the cleaning fluid is the one in the filling 3 retained particles from the filling 3 wash off and thus the filling 3 Purify and sweep the particles across the channels between the chips, for example, of the filling 3 to wash away. After leaving the filling 3 the cleaning fluid flows into the lower area of the electrostatic precipitator 1 and can about the procedures 8th from the electrostatic precipitator 1 escape. Here, for example, the cleaning liquid can be collected again and cleaned again the nozzle 5 supplied, it is also conceivable to supply the cleaning liquid directly or after cleaning of the particles to the sewage system when using water as a cleaning liquid.

After passing through the separator 12 and the spray field 4 , in which once again a certain residual cleaning of the exhaust gas flow of remaining particles will take place, the purified exhaust gas flow occurs in the flow direction 11 from the outlet 10 out again.

In 2 is a modification of the electrostatic precipitator 1 of the 1 shown in that the flow direction 11 the exhaust gas flow through the electrostatic precipitator 1 vice versa and the exhaust gas flow in the direction of the spraying action of the nozzle for the spray field 4 the separator 12 passes. Otherwise, the function of the electrostatic filter remains 1 as already described.

In 3 is a modification of the electrostatic precipitator 1 of the 1 insofar shown that the electrostatic precipitator 1 without a heat exchanger 7 is formed and therefore essentially only from the deposition chamber 12 with the separating device arranged therein 12 consists. Again, the function is analogous to that in the flow direction 11 rear part of the electrostatic precipitator 1 of the 1 ,

In 4 is a modification of the electrostatic precipitator 1 of the 1 insofar as to recognize that the filling 3 the separator 12 no longer consists of geometrically indeterminate components such as chips, but of a parallel arrangement of individual plates 13 exists, which leave between them correspondingly narrow channels for the passage of the gas stream of the exhaust gas open. Here are the plates 13 analogous to the chips of the filling 3 electrically charged or earthed and interacting in the manner already described with the particles of the exhaust gas. Due to the large surface of the plates 13 can have a corresponding number of particles on the surfaces of the plates 13 when passing through the separator 12 of the 4 deposit and in the manner already described by the spray field 4 be cleaned again.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

electrostatic precipitator

2

deposition

3

filling

4

spray field

5

jet

6

electrode

7

heat exchangers

8th

procedure

9

inlet

10

outlet

11

flow direction

12

separating

13

plates

14

overflow

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 1905993 [0012]
• WO 02/085524 A1 [0012]
• WO 2006/004490 A1 [0012]
• US 2008/0038173 A1 [0012]
• US 5855652 A [0012]
• US Pat. No. 5,601,791 A [0012]

Claims (16)

Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) for exhaust gas purification and / or heat recovery, in particular also for exhaust gas purification for the exhaust gases of biomass furnaces, in which the electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) a deposition chamber ( 2 ), through which the exhaust gas is passed, wherein in the region of the deposition chamber ( 2 ) or adjacent to the deposition chamber ( 2 ) a charging device ( 6 ) is arranged for electrostatic charging of particles located in the exhaust gas, and in the region of the deposition chamber ( 2 ) an electrostatically charged or grounded deposition device (counter to the charge of the particles) ( 12 ) is arranged to interact with the particles, the separation device ( 12 ) from the charging device ( 6 ) is permeated by electrostatically charged particles, and a dispenser ( 5 ) is arranged for cleaning liquid such that the area of the separator ( 12 ) is at least periodically sprayable and the cleaning liquid on the surface of the separator ( 12 ) deposited particles, characterized in that the separating device ( 12 ) a filling ( 3 ) in the form of a bed or bed of electrostatically chargeable constituents having a surface area large in relation to their volume between which the exhaust gas passes and discharges its previously electrostatically charged particles, the individual constituents of the bed or bed being in such a state limit that an external to the separation device ( 12 ) or electrostatic charge or grounding distributed over the entire heap or the bed and essentially all the individual components of the filling ( 3 ) are electrostatically charged or grounded. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling ( 3 ) from a heap of geometrically indefinite shaped individual components of the filling ( 3 ) is formed. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the filling ( 3 ) has metallic chips, in particular turnings, or metallic wool. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling ( 3 ) is formed from a bed of electrostatically chargeable parts of electrostatically chargeable plastic bodies. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling ( 3 ) and / or the separation device ( 12 ) independent of the remainder of the electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) is renewable. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the filling ( 3 ) and / or the separation device ( 12 ) in the form of an exchangeable unit in its entirety, preferably a cartridge or the like. Into the deposition chamber ( 2 ) can be introduced. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling ( 3 ) the entire passage cross section of the deposition chamber ( 2 ), whereby the entire exhaust gas through the filling ( 3 ) flows. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging device ( 6 ) in the flow direction ( 11 ) in front of the deposition chamber ( 2 ) is arranged. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the charging device ( 6 ) in the flow direction ( 11 ) within the deposition chamber ( 2 ) in front of the separation device ( 12 ) is arranged. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a number of nozzles ( 5 ) in the deposition chamber ( 2 ) is arranged such that the cleaning liquid in the form of spray ( 4 ) or mist-like on the separation device ( 12 ) is sprayed on. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging device ( 6 ) in the flow direction ( 11 ) within the deposition chamber ( 2 ) behind the nozzles ( 5 ) is arranged. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispensing device ( 5 ) is arranged for cleaning liquid such that essentially all individual components of the filling by the cleaning liquid after spraying, preferably under the influence of gravity, ( 3 ) are wettable, whereby the cleaning liquid there solves accumulated particles of the exhaust gas and dissipates. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the materials of the filling ( 3 ) are designed for the purification of aggressive exhaust gases such that the filling ( 3 ) of an electrochemically less noble material than the remainder of the precipitator ( 12 ) and therefore acts as a sacrificial anode. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before and / or after the entry into the deposition chamber ( 2 ) a heat exchanger ( 7 ) is arranged, in which the temperature of the exhaust gas lowered and / or a part the amount of heat contained in the exhaust gas is recovered. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation device ( 12 ) is designed such that existing exhaust systems with the separation device ( 12 ) can be retrofitted. Electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) for exhaust gas purification and / or heat recovery, in particular also for exhaust gas purification for the exhaust gases of biomass furnaces, in which the electrostatic precipitator ( 1 ) a deposition chamber ( 2 ), through which the exhaust gas is passed, wherein in the region of the deposition chamber ( 2 ) or adjacent to the deposition chamber ( 2 ) a charging device ( 6 ) is arranged for electrostatic charging of particles located in the exhaust gas, and in the region of the deposition chamber ( 2 ) an electrostatically charged or grounded deposition device (counter to the charge of the particles) ( 12 ) is arranged to interact with the particles, the separation device ( 12 ) from the charging device ( 6 ) is permeated by electrostatically charged particles, and a dispenser ( 5 ) is arranged for cleaning liquid such that the area of the separator ( 12 ) is at least periodically sprayable and the cleaning liquid on the surface of the separator ( 12 ) Cleansed off particles. characterized in that the separation device ( 12 ) has a bed of metallic and / or electrostatically chargeable bodies geometrically determined shape, between which form a plurality of channels for the passage of the exhaust gas, in which the electrostatically charged particles of the exhaust gas to the counterelectrally charged electrostatically charged bodies, wherein the chargeable body geometric shape in such a state adjacent to each other, that an externally to the separation device ( 12 ) is spread over all chargeable bodies of geometrically determined shape and essentially all the individual components of the filling ( 3 ) are electrostatically charged or grounded.

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