DE202012102963U1 - Fluorescent lamp-like LED bulb - Google Patents

Abstract

Illuminant (1, 101, 201) with at least one LED (3, 103, 203) on a flat, in only one plane spread out board (17, 117, 217) and with a curved, a light exit surface (13, 113, 213) having, tubular body (7, 107, 207), characterized in that the LED (3, 103, 203) with its main radiation direction (5, 105) in the direction of the body (7, 107, 207) is aligned between the and the board (17, 117, 217) a gas-filled cavity (15, 115, 215), z. As an air-filled cavity (15, 115, 215), in an interior of the lighting means (1, 101, 201) is present, wherein one side of the body (7, 107, 207), as the outer side of the interior of the Light-emitting means (1, 101, 201) facing away, a shape-defining outer boundary surface of the lighting means (1, 101, 201), distributed by the distributed over an angular radius, light from the at least one LED (3, 103, 203) in a scattered manner is emitted.

Description

The present invention relates to a luminous means in which light-emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on a printed circuit board are used and which has the dimensions of standardized gas-discharge lamps or fluorescent tubes. The present invention describes a light source, which can replace a previously mounted in their holder fluorescent lamp, in particular as a replacement unit, preferably without having to make significant interventions on the fluorescent lamp holder.

State of the art

Gas discharge lamps, in particular fluorescent lamps, have been widely used for several decades, in particular in applications in which for extended periods, d. H. for example, for several hours, light from the lamp should be available. If the fluorescent lamps are rarely switched on and off, life expectancy is often directed to the individual lighting means in a low five-digit hourly range. The gas discharge lamps in many cases have circularly closed, tubular shapes radiating light in each direction. In order that the light which emerges from the gas discharge lamp, contrary to the preferred direction of emission of the lamp body, reflectors are often mounted in the fluorescent lamp holders in the rear area, which reflectors should redirect as high as possible a proportion of the backward radiated light into the preferential emission or illumination direction.

Instead of using conventional glass bodies, which are often colored or frosted, there are numerous considerations to use plastics and synthetic resins, for example, based on polycarbonate, for the tubular, the outer dimension of the gas discharge lamp performing body. Possible materials and their compositions are used inter alia in the DE 11 2006 001 775 T5 (Applicant: Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., priority date: 05.07.2005) and in the DE 11 2005 000 840 T5 (Applicant: Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., priority date: 14.04.2004). PMMA foils in matt finish can just as well be used if, for example, deliberate UV control by UV absorbers and UV filters into the material that is highly UV-prone in the untreated state, for example according to US Pat DE 41 25 857 A1 (Applicant: Röhm GmbH, filing date: 03.08.1991), are incorporated. Compared to a glass body for the tubular component of the gas discharge lamp, the use of plastics additionally offers the possibility of further changing the material property of the plastic body by means of film coating. For example, the beats DE 10 2007 029 263 A1 (Applicant: Evonik Röhm GmbH, filing date: 22.06.2007) to produce not only a special UV protection effect, but also a weather resistance through the use of PMMA films together with PVDF films. If, moreover, the tubular body have a particular scratch resistance, so can with respect to the wider material property of the polyacrylate resin instructions in the DE 10 2008 028 063 A1 (Applicant: Eternal Chemical Co .; Date of priority: 12.06.2007).

The above-mentioned references give numerous indications as to how a limiting body with translucent properties can be manufactured and constructed so that it can be used as a tube of a gas discharge lamp. The material compositions and material constructions mentioned in the cited references are incorporated with their referencing as fully in the present description. Reference will now be made to the material data mentioned in the aforementioned publications in order not to have to reiterate the material properties, material information and material compositions for materials such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), polycarbonate and synthetic resin.

Although gas discharge lamps are regarded as energy-saving lamps, LED lamps are in comparison to be described as a real energy saver, but have the disadvantage of very directional and pointy radiate the light. Nevertheless, the tried DE 10 2009 060 565 A1 (Applicant: ERCO GmbH, filing date: 23.12.2009) to describe a device in which the punctual light of each LED can be used for illuminating a building wall for the purpose of illuminating the building surface. For this purpose, it is proposed to connect a tertiary optic to the LEDs, which has different surface structures, so that main emission directions of the luminaire can be changed by providing a prism structure in a first region, which has a different main emission direction than a second prism structure in a second region. It acts as if light-emitting diodes, whether arranged as light-emitting diode chips or as individual light-emitting diodes, can only be used for punctual lighting tasks. An approach to counteract and be able to offer a larger solid angle as a light output surface, the DE 10 2010 018 260 A1 (Applicant: OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH; priority date: 29.01.2010), according to which the light-emitting diode chips are arranged very close to each other and as the uppermost layer a refractive index adaptation material terminates the individual light-emitting diode chip.

A similar concept is also used in the DE 10 2009 001 170 A1 (Applicant: Evonik Röhm GmbH, filing date: 26.02.2009). In this publication, the use of a transparent plastic such. B. from cycloolefinic copolymers or from a polycarbonate as Lichtleitplatte described, with several Lichtleitplatten connect directly LED bulbs. If such bulbs in the form of a standardized tube with their specified dimensions are to be constructed as a replacement for gas discharge lamps, two approaches can be recognized in the patent literature. The DE 10 2010 030 863 A1 (Applicant: OSRAM Limited Liability Company, filing date: 02.07.2010), the US 2011/292 647 A1 (Applicant: HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD., Priority date: 28.05.2010) and the US 2011/305 024 A1 (Applicant: HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY CO. LTD., Priority date: 10.06.2010) can be assigned the same concept because they propose to place an additional diffuser body, either directly or slightly spaced, over the single LED, this one Diffuser body or diffuser is arranged in the interior of a shape determining tube. The second concept is based on not using a flat, extended board as a substrate for the LEDs, but to use a space-shaped, so three-dimensional board with differently oriented LEDs inside the tube (see, eg. EP 2 239 493 A2 (Applicant: Yadent Co., Ltd, priority date: 06.04.2009) and US 2010 123 143 A1 (Inventor: Chang Rong-Ming, priority date: 20.11.2008)). Both approaches are unpleasant, because the installation of an additional diffuser in a tube is just as a considerable effort as the production of three-dimensional circuit boards.

task

Ideally, it would be fluorescent lamps, z. B. the type T5, T7 or T11 to be able to replace by comparable LED-based lighting means, the cost of which is limited by a reduction to a few, easy to manufacture parts.

invention description

The desired goal is approached by an LED bulb according to claim 1. Advantageous developments can be found in the dependent claims.

Particularly advantageous are bulbs that generate light based on LEDs. LEDs are characterized by numerous advantages such as low heat generation, high light efficiency and long service life. A corresponding light-emitting means thus has at least one LED, preferably the light-emitting means comprises more than 20 LEDs. The number of LEDs results from the brightness of each individual LED. If LEDs are used, the z. B. can generate more light than conventional low-voltage LEDs as high-voltage LEDs, so with less than 20 LEDs, the same lighting effect can be achieved. Particularly preferably, the LEDs are mounted at a distance of 5 mm from each other. The at least one LED is mounted on a flat, spread in only one plane board. The attachment can z. B. by soldering done. Of flat components is commonly spoken, if at least a length of the board by at least a factor of 10 is greater than a height of the board. The term "flat" here includes extremely narrow boards, so boards with a very small width, representing approximately 1-dimensional objects. Spread out in only one plane, it says that the board, while neglecting the height, is approximately an at most 2-dimensional object. The expansion of the board in the third dimension can be considered negligible, i. H. less than 1/100 of the remaining dimensions. A flat board has the advantage that it is easier to manufacture than a board with three-dimensional structures, eg. B. with kinks or edges.

When subsequently - in a simplified manner - is spoken by elements of a circle such as circular arc or circle segment, are also elements with circular-like shapes such. B. meant by ellipses to be described elements.

The illuminant has a curved, light emitting surface having a tubular body. The body has a cylindrical shape. A base of the body results from an area between two concentric circular arcs, which have a same center angle, preferably over a circular arc of at least 180 °. The radii of the circular arches differ around a wall thickness of the body. At the two ends of the circular arcs can be provided flat engagement elements which lie in a plane. The ends can serve as a holder for or for attaching a heat sink. The body defines a cylinder-like cavity whose base is a circle segment.

Because the body encloses or encloses an area, so to speak is hollow, and has a roundish cross-section, it can be called tube-like.

The body has at least two sides. The body has an inner side facing an interior of the illuminant. The inner side of the body corresponds in the base area of that circular arc, of the two circular arcs of the Body has the smaller radius. In addition, the body has an outer side, which is turned away from the interior of the bulb. The outer side of the body corresponds in the base of that circular arc, which has the larger radius of the two circular arcs of the body. The body has a filigree design a wall thickness of up to 5 mm. On the outer side of the body, the light which is produced in the luminous means with at least one LED can be radiated into the environment. The light exits the light source on the surface of the body. It can therefore be called the outer side as a light exit surface. Before the light reaches the light exit surface, it is scattered in the body and distributed over an angular radius. The angle radius can be the radial angle of a lit room. So that no further optical components are needed, it is advantageous if the scattering of the light takes place exclusively in the body. Due to the radiation of the light in a scattered manner, the angle radius is usually greater, ie, when the center angle of the circular arc is selected smaller than 300 °, greater than the center angle of the circular arc. At center angles larger than 300 °, the radiation characteristics of the diodes with respect to a more uniform illumination of the outside space tend to maximize. Because the scattering takes place in the body, ie, no scattering in an additional component is necessary, a separate diffuser is obsolete. The bulb is constructed diffuser-free.

The outer side of the body constitutes an outer boundary surface of the luminous means. The outer side determines the shape of the luminous means. The shape of the light source is determined by the shape of the body where the body limits the light source. Because the illuminant is designed to be visibly attached to the body, the body of all visible components is the most conspicuous component. The shape determination resulting from the body of the luminous means creates an outer boundary of the luminous means. The body can make up more than 50% of the surface of a fluorescent tube. Other limitations of the light source may be, for example, a heat sink and one or more caps.

The LED is aligned with its main emission direction towards the body. The main emission direction of an LED is the direction in which the LED emits the most light, i. E. h., In which an intensity maximum can be measured. If an irradiation density is measured, then a maximum of the irradiation density in a transverse surface to the main emission direction results per selected sectional area.

Between the body and the board is a gas-filled cavity, z. As an air-filled cavity, in an interior of the bulb available. The gas in the cavity allows for heat dissipation and thus cooling of the board from two sides. Because there is only gas between the LEDs and the body, light absorption in the cavity can be minimized. The space between the board and the body is free of objects. In one embodiment, only the naturally occurring air circulates in the cavity.

As a flattened, elongated member, a component may be considered whose length is at least a factor of 10 greater than its width or height. Preferably, the width of the component is at least a factor of 10 greater than the height of the component.

A long surface is an area which extends at least almost over the entire length, in particular actually over the entire length of the luminous means. The length of the long surface should be at least a factor of 10 greater than the circumference resulting from the circular arc and would give a width, the surface would be unrolled. Ideally, the perimeter of the area is at least a factor of 10 greater than the wall thickness of the body.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the light from the LED or from the LEDs is distributed through the body, in particular scattered. As a result, the focused light of an LED is made uniform over a larger light emitting surface. The light is fanned out, in particular emits maxima avoiding.

In the following, advantageous embodiments and developments are set forth, which in themselves, both individually and in combination, can also disclose inventive aspects. In an advantageous development, the outer boundary surface of the luminous means has a roughness of less than 100 μm, in particular less than 10 μm. The determination of the roughness can z. B. after Standard ISO 25178 be determined. Because all the light exits or is coupled out of the light source through the outer boundary surface, a particularly uniform surface is advantageous for preventing absorption. The boundary surface is advantageously designed as a long surface. An advantage of designing the boundary surface as a long surface is that a large number of LEDs can be accommodated in the light source. Another advantage is that the lighting means can take the outer shape of a fluorescent tube and therefore the standardized dimensions of fluorescent tubes can be used.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the body is an intrinsically stable support structure, which protects in particular the at least one LED and the board against mechanical influences from the outer side. The body can maintain its shape and thus the shape of the lighting means without further mechanical support due to its intrinsic nature. In addition, it is advantageous if the body can withstand external forces to a certain extent. So it is z. B. desirable if the lighting means, it in an attempt to mount it, accidentally dropped from about 2 m in height can continue to be used. The protective function of the body is particularly pronounced when the body is formed in a rounded shape. For the protective function, it is advantageous if the body extends over an angle which is more than 180 °. In order to achieve an intrinsically stable support structure, z. B. a plastic made of PMMA particularly well suited.

It is advantageous if the body has intrinsic stray nuclei on which light of the at least one LED is scattered. The litter cores are incorporated into the body during production of the body and lie inside the body. They are not (immediately) visible from the outside. The scattered nuclei allow the light to be emitted in a scattered manner. It is possible to cover a larger illumination angle than without the use of stray cores. The body itself can scatter the light into the room to be illuminated. There are no further optical aids needed, d. That is, optical beam directing components such as lenses, prisms, and scattering optics are not formed.

In an advantageous development, the directional dependence of a measured light intensity when using the illuminant described here is less pronounced than the cosinusoidal directional dependency of a pure Lambert radiator, to which LEDs approximately represent. The light is distributed more evenly in the room. The thicker the body or an optically active layer in the body, the lower the intensity differences compared to an intensity maximum, if a deviation in a measurement from the direction of the intensity maximum. Along the thickness of the body, d. H. As the light propagates from the inside to the outside of the body, the intensity is evened out by the scattering. There is a thickness of an optically active layer in which the total light extraction and thus the efficiency of the light source are improved.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the body with its rounded surface covers a light distribution angle of at least 300 °. Only a remaining angular range of about 60 °, so that a closed circle is formed, is therefore not illuminated. Only a range of about 60 ° remains in the dark or is not directly illuminated. Because the body can cover an angular range of at least 300 °, it is advantageous that the scattering of the light of the at least one LED takes place exclusively in the body.

Another advantage is that two first ends of the body are closed by a heat sink. Ideally, the heat sink fills in the base of a circle segment, which complements the arc of the body to a full circle. The heat sink thus supports the stability of the body. The sum of the center angle of the body and the center angle of the heat sink in this case is 360 °. The body and the heat sink are advantageously two edge components which determine the outer dimensions, in this case the diameter, of the luminous means. As first ends for attachment of the heat sink, those points of the body may be referred to, at which the circular arcs of the base end, wherein the arcs have a mutually the same center angle, at which thus the desired angular range over which extends the body is reached.

In an axial direction, the heat sink preferably runs parallel to the circuit board with at least one LED. In another relationship, the heat sink is parallel to the long surface. With such a course of the heat sink is both its functions to give the illuminant stability and to cool the board, conducive.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the heat sink has two edges, between which the board is stabilized by the heat sink. Consequently, the board does not have to be dimensionally stable or intrinsically stable itself. It is enough if the heat sink gives it a positional stability. As a result, the board can be made thin and therefore inexpensive. It is also possible to use flexible boards. The board can be inserted in a first cooling channel. Preferably, the edges of the heat sink are designed as guide rails, which release a longitudinal sliding direction, while they touch the board side. It is possible to move the board in the axial direction to the heat sink or even pull it completely out of the heat sink. The ability to insert the board laterally facilitates maintenance work, eg. B. an installation of replacement boards. Advantageously, the board is a flat extended, elongate member. It is particularly advantageous if the board extends over almost the entire length of the body. The board can advantageously be designed to be no more than 5 mm shorter than the body. In such an embodiment, a particularly large number of LEDs or be distributed parallel to the entire length of the body distributed on the board. This contributes to the fact that a good light output of the light source is achieved.

Furthermore, it is advantageous for cooling when the board only a few contact layers, z. B. only has two electrical contact layers. The electrical connections can all be accommodated in one layer because a ballast takes over all the control tasks. Because the ballast tunes a power supply to the maximum withstand voltage of the illuminant circuitry, in such a design, no additional electronic components other than the LEDs on the board are needed. In addition, the ballast outside the light source can be arranged.

In another advantageous development, two second ends of the body are each closed by a cap. As second ends, the ends can be designated, which limit an expansion of the body in the axial direction. The second ends define the length of the body. The caps represent edge components of the bulb. The caps determine the length of the bulb. Ideally, the inner diameter of a cap is larger only in the millimeter range, as the outer diameter of the body so that this cap can be advantageous laterally, in particular at the same time plugged onto the body and the heat sink. The cap advantageously closes off the inner region of the illuminant at the axial end in a form-fitting manner. The cap can be used as an element of electrical contact. The electrical contact can be made via contact pins. The contact pins according to advantageously contacting of gas discharge lamps. If the light source is to be exposed to the weather, it is a life-prolonging measure if a still existing gap between the cap inside and body surface or heat sink surface is sealed liquid-tight. Dense is z. B. possible by gluing. At least one cap has electrically conductive contact pins in such a development. The other cap can be configured as a contactless cap.

In an advantageous embodiment, electrical connections of the board at one end of the light source, d. H. at a conclusion of the bulb in the longitudinal direction, led out. The board may be electrically connected to a cap. Alternatively, the board can be electrically connected directly to the ballast.

It is advantageous if the contact pins, which are located on a cap, are electrically connected to the ballast. The ballast is arranged externally to the light source; it is therefore outside the bulb. The ballast can be designed for the supply of several bulbs. Ideally, a voltage control is present in the ballast. The ballast converts a supply voltage, which is ideally sourced from a supply network, into a required operating voltage for the LEDs. The ballast can components such. As transformers, rectifiers, inverters, DC / DC converters, a transistor voltage control, transistor logic devices and connections for external control signals included. It can be equipped or connected with an uninterruptible power supply.

In an advantageous development, an objectless and empty area between the board with at least one LED and the body is present. Between the board with at least one LED and the body are only gases. The light can pass through the body-empty area without hindrance and without a distraction. The cavity is advantageously limited by the board and the body from two sides. The board can reflect light that is scattered back out of the body, back into the body and thus increase the light output. It is advantageous if the board and the body are immediately adjacent, or if the engagement elements of the body and the board lie in one plane. In the configuration just mentioned, the board shuts off a circle segment of the body flat.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the board carries at least a second LED, a third LED and a fourth LED. The more LEDs are placed on the board, the higher the brightness of the lamp. It is particularly advantageous if at least two LEDs are connected electrically in series by the LEDs.

In one embodiment, the tubular body can be made of a plastic, in particular of PMMA, in which particles of another plastic, in particular a thermoplastic elastomer, are enclosed. Between the particles and the enclosing plastic, which is also referred to below as outer plastic, there are gaps which are filled with air or another gas. The gas-filled gap has a refractive index close to 1 (refractive index in vacuum). The outer plastic and the particles have a much higher refractive index of at least 1.4. When the emitted light encounters an enclosed particle on its way through the tubular body, regions of high refractive index and regions of refractive index near 1 alternate from. As a result, there are effects such as total reflection or refraction, so that the light is scattered on the trapped particle, as in a convexly curved mirror acting like a diverging lens. In this way, the light covers a wider range of angles than it would cover without the inclusion of particles.

The inclusion of the particles can take place in that the starting materials are mixed, wherein the outer plastic is not yet cured. In a manufacturing step, the mixture is heated and expands. In particular, the thermoplastic elastomer which is to form the inclusion expands. The thermoplastic elastomer displaces - in this case - the outer plastic. In the warm state after the production step outlined above, the outer plastic, z. B. cured by vulcanization or by crosslinking prior to the actual polymerization with a crosslinking agent. The outer plastic remains in its position due to the vulcanization. The trapped particles shrink when cooled back to their original extent together. The trapped particles thus leave gaps in the outer plastic whose volume is the difference of the volume of the particles in the warm to the volume of the particles in the cold state.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the tubular body is advantageously constructed of up to three layers, which are interconnected by coextrusion. An innermost layer which gives stability to the tubular body exists almost exclusively, i. H. to more than 85%, PMMA. The innermost layer may contain small amounts, i. H. less than 15% of a crosslinking agent. The glass transition temperature of the innermost layer is greater than 70 ° C, so this layer under normal conditions, eg. B. under a room temperature of 20 ° C is solidified.

A second layer is softer than the innermost layer in a multilayer construction and provides impact resistance to the tubular body. The second layer is viscous and consists to a major extent (50% -99% of the monomer weight) of an acrylate having an alkyl radical which may comprise up to ten carbon atoms, e.g. B. butyl acrylate. Furthermore, the tough layer contains between 0.5% and 5% of a crosslinking monomer having at least two radically polymerizable groups which are ethylenically unsaturated.

It is advantageous if the glass transition temperature of the viscous layer is less than -10 ° C, therefore under normal conditions, for. B. under a room temperature of 20 ° C, no glass transition has yet occurred.

In a further development of the embodiment set out above, the first and the second layer merge into each other in a phase-like manner without a fixed delimitation. The transition can be z. B. by means of a polymerization in aqueous emulsion of the above components, namely PMMA, acrylate and crosslinking monomer, perform first, the viscous phase is generated.

A third outer layer, which has a hardness comparable to that of the first layer, is an optically active layer. The third layer has a matrix-like structure. It consists of a polymer whose constituents predominantly, d. H. advantageously more than three quarters based on the monomer composition of PMMA or polymethacrylmethylimide (PMMI). For this purpose, other ingredients that have a different refractive index than PMMA, mixed, such. Polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), cyclo-olefin copolymers (COC) or polyamides (PA). The admixture of the constituents with a refractive index other than PMMA takes place by means of coextrusion in the melting temperature range of 220-280 ° C. usual for PMMA. Particularly advantageous has a mixture of 75% PMMA and 25% PA, which are composed of cycloaliphatic diamines and dodecanoic acid, exposed.

In addition, free radical generators such as peroxides may be present in all three layers to initiate polymerization during the manufacture of the tubular body. All layers are free-radically polymerizable.

Due to the different components, eg. As PMMA and PA, in the optically active third layer and thus also by a density distribution in the polymer, which is caused by a density of the individual components, the refractive index is spatially not constant. At the points where the admixed components are integrated into the polymer chains, there are scattering centers. At these scattering centers, the light can be deflected at an angle of up to 70 ° relative to a normal to the surface of the tubular body. This deflection is preferably in a radial direction of the tubular body, while the deflection is smaller in an axial direction. In a preferred embodiment, the deflection in the axial direction is about 15 ° with respect to the normal to the surface of the tubular body. The light is deflected in different directions by different angles. The scattering is therefore anisotropic.

Regardless of whether two, three or more layers are used, a uniform, opaque illumination can be generated by means of the body. Per watt of electrical power, taken from the ballast, 100 lumens can be generated as a luminous flux from the LED or LEDs. At a radiation angle of z. B. 300 °, luminous flux with 2300 lumens, 3000 lumens or even 5000 lumens can be generated. The LEDs can be selected with any light colors, eg. For example, with a light color of 5800K (cool white), of 4200K (neutral white) or of 3000K (whitewash). The reduction of the converted into waste heat electrical energy leads to a lifetime extension. Initial tests have shown that the described lamps can emit light from all LEDs for at least 50,000 hours (in continuous or operating phase mode).

The previously described combinations and exemplary embodiments can also be considered in numerous other connections and combinations.

Brief Description

The present invention may be better understood by reference to the accompanying figures, which set forth by way of example particularly advantageous design possibilities without restricting the present invention thereto

1 shows an overview of a structure and individual components of the luminous means,

2 shows an arrangement of LEDs on a flat board,

3 shows a cross section in a front view through the illumination means, on which the components heat sink, board, LED and tubular body are visible, shows

4 in the same view as 3 a light path through a tubular body having inclusions in another embodiment, and shows

5 shows an arrangement of LEDs in a further embodiment of the invention.

figure description

The design options shown in the individual figures can also be interconnected in any form.

In 1 is an embodiment of a light bulb 1 to be seen in a partially assembled state. A curved, tubular body 7 with a light exit surface 13 represents an outer boundary surface of the lighting means 1 All the light coming from the LEDs 3 . 3 ' . 3 '' is generated and that is not absorbed on the way, emerges from the light emitting surface 13 from the bulb 1 out.

They are two ends 9 . 11 of the body 7 shown. At a first, lower end 9 , which completes a circular arc, is a heat sink 19 appropriate. The first, lower ends 9 of the body 7 be through the heat sink 19 locked. The heat sink 19 is like the body 7 also a limiting part of the lamp 1 , The heat sink 19 can with a guide rail (in 1 not visible) a board 17 with at least one LED 3 take up. The board 17 will be at a second end 11 , on one longitudinal side of the body 7 in the guide rail 41 threaded. The guide rail 41 allows the board 17 is slidable in the longitudinal direction. Through the guide rail 41 will ensure that the heatsink 19 parallel to the board 17 and to the long surface of the body 7 runs. After the insertion of the board 17 she shares with the body 7 a cavity 15 with a base in the shape of a circle segment from two sides. The cavity 15 is inside the bulb 1 , Between the body 7 and the board 17 there is only gas, the cavity 15 is therefore free of subject. Light coming out of the body 7 in the cavity 15 can be backscattered, from the board 17 back into the cavity 15 and in the body 7 be reflected. This is what the board has 17 a reflective surface where stray light is reflected.

The board 17 is with cables like the cable 25 electrically conductive with a cap 27 connected. The connection preferably takes place at one end of the luminous means 1 , which is located in the longitudinal direction. After completion of assembly, the cap sits 27 at the end of the long side 11 on the body 7 that by the cap 27 is closed. The cap 27 is also a limiting part of the bulb 1 , The cap 27 Can via contact pins 21 . 23 and an electrically conductive connection 31 with a ballast 33 be electrically connected. In the ballast 33 is the electronics for controlling the light source 1 accommodated. The ballast 33 is outside the body 7 , The waste heat in the ballast 33 is created by the arrangement of the electronics outside the body 7 also outside the cavity 15 , In fact, even compared to a fluorescent lamp, less waste heat is created simply by the fact that the LED tube consumes up to 60% less energy than a corresponding fluorescent lamp. The ballast 33 is for the delivery of a safety extra-low voltage, z. B. of a maximum of 40 V, designed.

2 shows a section of the flat board 17 with an array of LEDs 3 . 3 ' . 3 '' . 3 ''' in a larger resolution than in 1 , Clear visible is that the circuit board 17 extends only in one plane and is spread flat. In 2 is the board 17 elongated. On the left side of the image, the board can be longer, so that it is almost as long as the body 7 , The board 17 is a single-layer board with tracks 49 . 49 ' , The connection of at least two LEDs 3 . 3 ' takes place in series, where - as shown - the LEDs 3 . 3 ' adjacent to each other, quasi lined up.

3 shows a cross section in a view from the front by the illumination means 1 , The heat sink 19 Includes with its edges, as guide rails 41 are configured, on an outer side of the tubular body 7 and on an inner side the board 17 in a first cooling channel 45 is housed. The board 17 is touched sideways by the edges. The heat sink 19 gives the board 17 by embedding in the cooling channel 45 and through the guide rails 41 Stability. Together with the tubular body 7 forms the heat sink 19 a complete circle whose diameter is the diameter of the bulb 1 certainly. The outer surfaces of the heat sink 19 and the body 7 put the shape of the bulb 1 firmly. On the heat sink 19 are cooling fins to improve air cooling 43 and a second, round cooling channel 47 provided parallel to the board 17 through the entire bulb 1 run.

On the board 17 sits an LED 3 , The main emission direction 5 the LED 3 is in a direction that - indicated by an arrow - exactly at right angles to the board 17 runs. The main emission direction 5 the LED 3 goes through the cavity 15 on the body 7 ,

The light exit surface 13 ie the outside of the body 7 , is through the outer arc of the body 7 shown.

4 shows the same view of a lighting device 101 as 3 , but in a different version. The structure of the bulb 101 is similar to that of the bulb 1 , this in 3 you can see. It is at least one LED 103 with a main emission direction 105 on a circuit board 117 appropriate. The board 117 is in a first cooling channel 145 a heat sink 119 inserted and laterally of at least two guide rails 141 held. The heat sink 119 also has cooling fins 143 and a second, circular cooling channel 147 on.

The body 107 is tubular. The body 107 limited to the board 117 a cavity 115 having a circle segment as a base. In the body 107 are - as can be seen in this illustrated embodiment - litter cores 151 , not visible from the outside, incorporated. At a litter core 151 There is a total reflection. The light beam is at the scatter core 151 widened. The way 153 a ray of light in the LED 3 is emitted, the cavity 115 traversed without hindrance, in the body 107 enters and in the body 107 on a scattering core 151 meets is shown as an example. The way 153 of the light beam deviates from the main emission direction 105 in the result. After scattering at the core 151 the light beam passes through a light exit surface 113 and is radiated into the surrounding space. The scattering of light takes place exclusively in the body 107 instead of. The light is distributed over an angular radius, and it can - ideally - cover an angle of at least 300 °.

5 shows a further embodiment of a lighting means 201 , The LEDs 203 . 203 ' . 203 '' are on the board 217 arranged at right angles in a zigzag pattern. Two adjacent LEDs 203 . 203 ' clamp a horizontal angle of 90 °, ie in one plane. The tubular body 207 has a larger center angle than in the embodiment 1 , Consequently, the tubular body has 207 a wider light exit surface 213 , Between the board 217 and the body 207 there is a cavity 215 , A contact pin 221 the cap 227 represents the electrical connection. The cap 227 is in its diameter on the tubular body 207 Voted. The cap 227 is slightly larger than the transverse diameter of the tubular body 207 , The cap 227 can over the tubular body 207 at its end 211 be pushed over it. The end 211 gets through the cap 227 completed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Lamp

3, 3 ', 3' ', 3' ''

LED

5

main radiation

7

Body, in particular tubular body

9

first end of the body

11

second end of the body

13

Light-emitting surface

15

cavity

17

circuit board

19

heatsink

21

first contact pin

23

second contact pin

25

electric wire

27

cap

31

electrically conductive connection

33

ballast

41

guide rail

43

cooling fin

45

first cooling channel

47

second cooling channel

49, 49 '

conductor path

101

Lamp

103

LED

105

main radiation

107

Body, in particular tubular body

113

Light-emitting surface

115

cavity

117

circuit board

119

heatsink

141

guide rail

143

cooling fin

145

first cooling channel

147

second cooling channel

151

scattering kernel

153

Light path on the litter core

201

Lamp

203, 203 ', 203' '

LED

207

Body, in particular tubular body

211

second end of the body

213

Light-emitting surface

215

cavity

217

circuit board

221

pin

227

cap

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 112006001775 T5 [0003]
• DE 112005000840 T5 [0003]
• DE 4125857 A1 [0003]
• DE 102007029263 A1 [0003]
• DE 102008028063 A1 [0003]
• DE 102009060565 A1 [0005]
• DE 102010018260 A1 [0005]
• DE 102009001170 A1 [0006]
• DE 102010030863 A1 [0006]
• US 2011/292647 A1 [0006]
• US 2011/305024 Al [0006]
• EP 2239493 A2 [0006]
• US 2010123143 A1 [0006]

Cited non-patent literature

• Standard ISO 25178 [0020]

Claims (20)

Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) with at least one LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) on a flat, in only one plane spread out board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) and with a curved, a light exit surface ( 13 . 113 . 213 ), tubular body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ), characterized in that the LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) with its main radiation direction ( 5 . 105 ) in the direction of the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ), between the and the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) a gas-filled cavity ( 15 . 115 . 215 ), z. B. an air-filled cavity ( 15 . 115 . 215 ), in an interior of the illuminant ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) is present, with one side of the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ), which as the outer side of the interior of the bulb ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) facing away, a shape-defining, outer boundary surface of the bulb ( 1 . 101 . 201 ), distributed through an angle radius, light from the at least one LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) is emitted in a scattered manner. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer boundary surface of the illuminant ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) is a uniform, in particular a roughness of less than 100 microns having long surface, wherein in particular the boundary surface at the same time a Lichtauskoppelfläche ( 13 . 113 . 213 ) is, by the all exiting light of the bulb ( 13 . 113 . 213 ) exit. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) is an intrinsically stable, more than 180 ° in a rounded shape formed support structure, in particular the at least one LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) and the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) protects against mechanical influences from the outer side. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two first ends ( 9 ) of the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) through a heat sink ( 19 . 119 ), the heat sink ( 19 . 119 ) preferably parallel to the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) and parallel to the long surface. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two second ends ( 11 . 211 ) of the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) each by a cap ( 27 . 227 ), wherein at least one cap ( 27 . 227 ) electrically conductive pins ( 21 . 23 . 221 ) having. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) intrinsic litter nuclei ( 151 ), at which light of the at least one LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) is streubar. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) along its thickness, a comparison of a light scattering of a light beam, emitted by the at least one LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ). Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the heat sink ( 19 . 119 ) has two edges between which the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) through the heat sink ( 19 . 119 ) stabilized in a first cooling channel ( 45 . 145 ), wherein preferably the edges guide rails ( 41 . 141 ), the side of the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) releasably releasing a longitudinal sliding direction. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) with at least one LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) and the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) immediately adjacent the cavity ( 15 . 115 . 215 ) of two sides, preferably an objectless and empty area between the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) with at least one LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) and the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) is available. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) at least one second LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ), a third LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) and a fourth LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ), of which preferably at least two LEDs ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) are electrically connected in series. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting means ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) an external to the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) ballast ( 33 ). Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to the preceding claim 11, characterized that the ballast ( 33 ) with the contact pins ( 21 . 23 . 221 ) is electrically connected. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that electrical connections of the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) at one end of the bulb ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) are led out. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that exclusively in the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) the scattering of a light from the at least one LED ( 3 . 103 . 203 ) and preferably on the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) backscattered light from the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) in the direction of the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) is reflected. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) has a rounded surface covering a light distribution angle of at least 300 °. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 15, characterized in that the heat sink ( 19 . 119 ) and the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) two of the outer dimensions of the bulb ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) represent determining edge components. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims 5 to 16, characterized in that the caps ( 27 . 227 ) outer, dimensions of the bulb ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) represent determining edge components. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) has less than 2 electrical contact layers. Bulbs ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) is a flat-elongated, elongated member, preferably a circular segment of the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ) flattens. Bulbs ( 1 . 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the board ( 17 . 117 . 217 ) parallel to cooling fins ( 43 . 143 ) of the heat sink ( 19 . 119 ) almost over the entire length of the body ( 7 . 107 . 207 ).

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