DE3120102C2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
DE3120102C2
DE3120102C2 DE3120102A DE3120102A DE3120102C2 DE 3120102 C2 DE3120102 C2 DE 3120102C2 DE 3120102 A DE3120102 A DE 3120102A DE 3120102 A DE3120102 A DE 3120102A DE 3120102 C2 DE3120102 C2 DE 3120102C2
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
impedance
value
differential quotient
generator
power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE3120102A
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English (en)
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DE3120102A1 (de
Inventor
Rainer Ing.(Grad.) Dr.Med. 7800 Freiburg De Koch
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Leibinger GmbH
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Fischer Met 7800 Freiburg De GmbH
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Application filed by Fischer Met 7800 Freiburg De GmbH filed Critical Fischer Met 7800 Freiburg De GmbH
Priority to DE19813120102 priority Critical patent/DE3120102A1/de
Priority to US06/377,932 priority patent/US4474179A/en
Publication of DE3120102A1 publication Critical patent/DE3120102A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3120102C2 publication Critical patent/DE3120102C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00696Controlled or regulated parameters
    • A61B2018/00702Power or energy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00773Sensed parameters
    • A61B2018/00875Resistance or impedance

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsvorrich­ tung für chirurgische Zwecke mit einem HF-Generator, einem Impedanzmeßgerät zum Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufes des Impedanzbetrages des zu koagulierenden Gewebes und mit einer Steuerschaltung, mit der die HF-Leistungsabgabe in das Gewebe gesteuert wird.
Eine derartige HF-Koagulationsvorrichtung ist aus der DE-OS 23 53 013 bekannt. Dort wird die HF-Leistung direkt entspre­ chend dem gemessenen Widerstandswert eingestellt. Eine Berück­ sichtigung des Differentialquotienten des zeitlichen Verlaufes des Widerstandes erfolgt dort nicht. Die Hochfrequenzleistung wird in direktem Verhältnis zum momentan gemessenen Widerstand des behandelten Gewebes geändert.
Bei der HF-Koagulation wird eine dosierbare und scharfe Begren­ zung des Koagulationsherdes gefordert. Die Koagulation des Ge­ webes soll auf das gewünschte Gebiet beschränkt bleiben, damit wichtige Strukturen in der Nachbarschaft des koagulierten Gewe­ bes nicht beschädigt werden. Die Koagulation soll sich auf eine Denaturierung des Gewebes beschränken und keine Verkohlung oder Schorfbildung an den Spitzen des Koagulationsinstrumentes bil­ den.
Aus dem Sonderabdruck aus dem "Zentralblatt für Chirurgie", 85. Jahrgang, 1960, Heft 19, Seiten 1052 bis 1063 ist es bekannt, auch ohne Thermoelement zu arbeiten. Bei der bekannten Anord­ nung wird zur Überwachung der Koagulation auch die Registrie­ rung des Widerstandes herangezogen. Wenn man den Widerstand unmittelbar während des Koagulationsvorganges ohne zeitliche Verzögerung direkt meßbar macht und registriert, besteht die Möglichkeit, den Beginn des Widerstandsanstieges sofort zu er­ kennen und von Hand oder durch entsprechende automatische Rück­ kopplung den Strom bzw. die Temperatur zu vermindern, so daß ein Verschorfen und eine Blasenbildung mit nachfolgendem Zer­ reißen des Koagulats vermieden wird. Die bei der Koagulation einzustellende HF-Anfangsleistung ist abhängig vom Volumen des beabsichtigten Koagulationsherdes und der Leitfähigkeit des Gewebes. Die komplizierten dynamischen Änderungen der Gewebe­ eigenschaften im Verlaufe der Koagulation erschweren eine Regelung der HF-Leistung von Hand. Die in dem genannten Sonder­ abdruck des "Zentralblattes für Chirurgie" wiedergegebenen experimentellen Daten zeigen, daß die Widerstandskurve des Gewebes einen sehr flachen Verlauf hat. Es ist deshalb sehr schwierig festzustellen, wann die Koagulation im gewünschten Maße stattgefunden hat.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine HF-Koagulations­ vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 be­ reitzustellen, mit der die HF-Leistung automatisch so gesteuert wird, daß eine homogene Koagulation ohne Verbrennungen erzielt wird.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Steuerschaltung ein Differenzierglied aufweist, daß die erste Ableitung des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzbetrages bildet, und daß die Steuerschaltung den HF-Generator dann abschaltet, wenn der Differentialquotient des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impe­ danzbetrages nahe Null ist.
Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteran­ sprüchen angegeben.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß sich unabhän­ gig vom jeweiligen Gewebeaufbau bei bipolaren Koagulierungsin­ strumenten und bei Anwendung unterschiedlicher Leistungen gleichwohl typische Zeitverläufe des Impedanzbetrages während der Koagulation ergeben, die jeweils den gleichen charakteri­ stischen Verlauf aufweisen. Der Differentialquotient der Ei­ weißimpedanz ist nicht nur für die Abschaltung der HF-Leistung bedeutsam, sondern auch für die anfängliche Ansteuerung der HF-Leistung.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung (Anspruch 4) ist deshalb vorgesehen, daß die HF-Leistung nach Einschalten des HF-Generators ansteigt und dann auf einem konstanten Wert ge­ halten wird, wenn der Differentialquotient des Impedanzbetrages einen vorgegebenen Sollwert erreicht. Auf diese Weise werden unkontrollierte Vorgänge bei der anfänglichen Koagulierung ver­ mieden. Es hat sich auch gezeigt, daß eine kontinuierliche Koa­ gulation bis kurz vor Erreichen der Null-Stelle des Differen­ tialquotienten des Impedanzverlaufes zu einer guten, homogenen Koagulation ohne Verbrennungen führt. Die gewünschte Größe des Koagulates kann auf einfache Weise durch Voreinstellung des Soll-Wertes des Differentialquotienten festgelegt werden.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigt
Fig. 1 ein Blockschaltbild einer analog arbei­ tenden HF-Koagulationsvorrichtung,
Fig. 2 ein Diagramm, das den Verlauf typischer Eiweiß- bzw. Gewebeimpedanzkurven für unterschiedliche Leistung bzw. Zeit veranschaulicht, und
Fig. 3 ein Blockschaltbild einer digitalen Ausführungsform einer HF-Koagulationsvorrichtung.
Bei dem in Fig. 1 veranschaulichten Blockschaltbild ist ein Gewebe 15 angedeutet, in das das Koagulierungsinstrument ein­ geführt ist. Mittels eines Impedanzmessers werden die Beträge (Z-Werte) der Gewebeimpedanz laufend festgestellt und in einem Differen­ zierglied 11 differenziert. Das Ausgangssignal des Differenzier­ gliedes 11 ist somit ein Maß für den Differentialquotienten der Gewebeimpedanzkurve. Dieses Signal wird einem I-Regler 12 zuge­ führt, dessen Ausgang über einen Analogschalter 13 mit dem Ana­ logspeicher 14 verbunden ist. Dem I-Regler 12 wird ferner eine Spannung zugeführt, die sich über das Potentiometer P 1 einstel­ len läßt und die einem bestimmten voreingestellten Wert des Differentialquotienten entspricht. Diese Spannung wird auch einem ersten Vergleicher V 1 zugeführt, der sie mit den Ausgangs­ signalen des Differenziergliedes 11, also mit dem Differential­ quotienten der Gewebeimpedanzkurve, vergleicht. Diese Anordnung dient dazu, die Hochfrequenzleistung zu Beginn des Koagulations­ vorganges je nach dem gewünschten Koagulationsvolumen optimal einzustellen, wobei die Leistung und die Dauer der Anwendung der Leistung miteinander korreliert sind, wie dies aus dem Dia­ gramm gemäß Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist. Mit dem Potentiometer P 1 kann die Koagulationsgeschwindigkeit, also das Volumen pro Zeiteinheit, vorgewählt werden.
Ein zweiter Vergleicher V 2 empfängt eine über ein Potentio­ meter P 2 eingestellte Spannung und vergleicht diese ebenfalls mit den Ausgangswerten des Differenziergliedes 11. Das Poten­ tiometer P 2 wird auf einen Wert des Differentialquotienten ein­ gestellt, der in der Nähe von Null liegt. Insbesondere kurz vor dem Minimum der Impedanzzeitkurve (Differentialquotient = Null) sinkt der Wert des Differentialquotienten vom Differenzierglied 11 auf diesen Wert ab. Dann stellt der Vergleicher V 2 Übereinstim­ mung fest und schaltet beispielsweise über das Relais R mit Kontakt r die Hochfrequenzendstufe 20 ab.
Ein Monitor 17 ist ebenfalls an das Differenzierglied 11 ange­ schlossen und gibt eine akustische und/oder optische Anzeige über den Verlauf des Differentialquotienten. Insbesondere kann die Tonhöhe mit sich änderndem Differentialquotienten sich eben­ falls in der gleichen Richtung ändern. Der Monitor 17 kann vom Impedanzmesser 10 aus für verschiedene Größenordnungen der Im­ pedanz voreinstellbar sein.
Die Funktionsweise der Anordnung nach Fig. 1 ist folgende: Beim Schließen des Schalters S wird die Hochfrequenzendstufe 20 eingeschaltet und es baut sich über den Regelkreis der Elemen­ te 10, 11, 12, 13 und 14 allmählich Leistung auf. Der Impedanz­ wert wird vom Impedanzmesser 10 als kontinuierliches Signal an das Differenzierglied 11 abgegeben, das wiederum ein kontinuier­ liches Signal an den I-Regler 12 legt. Der I-Regler 12 gibt nach dem Einschalten so lange eine von Null linear anstei­ gende Ausgangsspannung ab, wie die Spannungsdifferenz zwischen der Spannung vom Potentiometer P 1 und der dem augenblicklichen Differentialquotienten entsprechenden Spannung an seinem Ein­ gang ungleich Null ist. Die Ausgangsspannung des I -Reglers 12 wird über den Analogschalter 13 an den Analogspeicher 14 ge­ legt, der beispielsweise als Sample-and-Hold-Kreis ausgeführt sein kann. Die Hochfrequenzendstufe 20 wird dann entsprechend dem vom Analogspeicher abgegebenen Wert aufgeregelt. Erreicht der Wert des Differentialquotienten den mittels des Potentio­ meters P 1 eingestellten Wert, dann öffnet der Vergleicher V 1 den Analogschalter 13, so daß die Hochfrequenzendstufe 20 mit konstanter Leistung gemäß dem im Analogspeicher 14 gespeicher­ ten Wert betrieben wird.
Die Erwärmung des Gewebes schreitet nun fort, wobei sich die Impedanz, wie aus den Kurven gemäß Fig. 2 ersichtlich, allmäh­ lich verringert. Der Wert des Differentialquotienten läuft von einem negativen Ausgangswert entsprechend dem Fortschreiten der Koagulation gegen Null. Wird der über das Potentiometer P 2 ein­ gestellte Wert erreicht, schaltet der Vergleicher V 2 die Hoch­ frequenzendstufe 20 ab, da dann die gewünschte Koagulation be­ endet ist und die Leistung unmittelbar nach dem Nullwert des Differentialquotienten je nach Lage des Arbeitspunktes auf der Leistungs-Belastungswiderstandskennlinie des Koagulats eventuell steil ansteigen würde, was zu Verbrennungen und Verschorfungen des Gewebes führen könnte.
Das Diagramm nach Fig. 2 veranschaulicht Kurven mit verschie­ denen Leistungswerten zwischen 3 und 6 Watt bei jeweils glei­ chen Koagulatgrößen. Interessant ist die unterschiedliche nega­ tive Steigung im Anfangsteil der Kurven bei verschiedenen HF-Lei­ stungen. Diesen Wert kann man zur automatischen Einstellung der Koagulationsleistung beim Start der Koagulation verwenden. Bei solchermaßen über das Potentiometer P 1 eingestellter Leistung erhält man das gewünschte Koagulat auch bei unterschiedlichen Bedingungen immer in der gleichen Zeit.
Es zeigt sich somit, daß zu Beginn des gesamten Vorgangs eine kontrollierte und geregelte Einstellung der Leistung mittels des Potentiometers P 1 erzielt werden kann.
Anhand von Fig. 1 wurde eine Ausführungsform der HF-Koagulationsvorrichtung beschrieben, die analog arbeitet. Es ist jedoch auch ein digitaler Betrieb möglich. In diesem Falle werden die gemessenen Impedanzwerte mit einer hohen Abtastfrequenz digitalisiert. Der Differentialquotient kann dann mittels eines Rechners be­ stimmt werden, der die entsprechenden Werte an die Baueinhei­ ten weitergibt, wie sie in der Fig. 1 aufgezeigt sind, wobei diese dann analog oder digital ausgeführt sein können.
Fig. 3 veranschaulicht den Einsatz eines Digital-Rechners. Ein Rechner 30 wird über ein Programm 31 gesteuert, das abhängig von den gewünschten Parametern, entsprechend den Einstellungen der Potentiometer P 1 und P 2, die verschiedenen Programmschrit­ te im Rechner auslöst. Die laufend gemessenen Impedanzwerte werden dem Rechner unter Digitalisierung zugeführt. Der Rech­ ner besitzt einen Sollkurvenspeicher 32, in dem die verschie­ denen Impedanzkurven bzw. die Werte des Differentialquotienten dieser Impedanzkurven nach der Zeit gespeichert sind. Wie bei 33 angedeutet, erfolgt dann ein Kurvenvergleich unter Vergleich der Differentialquotienten der gemessenen Impedanzkurve und der gewählten Sollkurve. Der daraus abgeleitete Wert wird wie­ derum dem Rechner 30 zugeführt, der dann ein dem Ausgangssignal des Analogspeichers 13 entsprechendes Signal an die Hochfrequenz- Endstufe 20 anlegt. Wie bei der analogen Ausführung nach Fig. 1 erfolgt also auch hier die Regelung so, daß mit einer möglichst konstanten Hochfrequenzleistung gearbeitet wird.

Claims (8)

1. Hochfrequenz-Koagulationsvorrichtung für chirurgische Zwecke, mit einem HF-Generator (20), einem Impedanzmeßgerät (10) zum Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufes des Impedanzbetrages des zu koagulierenden Gewebes und mit einer Steuerschaltung (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, V 1, P 1, V 2, P 2; 20, 30, 31, 32, 33), mit der die HF-Leistungsabgabe in das Gewebe gesteuert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerschaltung ein Differenzierglied (11) aufweist, das die erste Ableitung des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzbe­ trages bildet, und daß die Steuerschaltung den HF-Generator (20) dann abschaltet, wenn der Differentialquotient des zeitli­ chen Verlaufs des Impedanzbetrages nahe Null ist.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abschaltung der HF-Leistung kurz vor Erreichen des Null-Wertes des Differentialquotienten des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzbetrages erfolgt.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nahe Null gelegene Wert des Differentialquotienten des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzwertes vorwählbar ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die HF-Leistung nach Einschalten des HF-Generators (20) an­ steigt und sobald der Differentialquotient des Impedanzbetrages einen vorgegebenen Sollwert erreicht konstant gehalten wird.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein erster Vergleicher (V 1) vorhanden ist, der die gemesse­ ne erste Ableitung des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Impedanzbetrages mit einem vorgegebenen Wert vergleicht und bei Erreichen dieses Wertes die Verbindung eines I-Reglers (12) der dem Differen­ zierglied (11) nachgeschaltet ist, mit einem Analogspeicher (14) unterbricht, so daß der Analogspeicher (14) den HF-Genera­ tor (20) mit dem zuletzt eingespeicherten Wert steuert.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zweiter Vergleicher (V 2) vorhanden ist, der die vom Differenzierglied (11) abgegebenen Werte des Differentialquo­ tienten des zeitlichen Verlaufes des Impedanzwertes mit einem vorgegebenen Wert vergleicht und bei Erreichen desselben einen Schalter zur Unterbrechung der HF-Leistungsabgabe betätigt.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Erreichen des vorgegebenen Wertes im ersten und/oder im zweiten Vergleicher (V 1 bzw. V 2) akustisch und/oder optisch an­ gezeigt wird.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gemessenen Impedanzwerte digitalisiert werden und daß ein programmgesteuerter Rechner (30) vorhanden ist, der einen Sollkurvenspeicher (32) besitzt, in dem die Werte verschiedener Impedanzbetragskurven bzw. ihrer Differentialquotienten für unterschiedliche Leistungs-/Zeitparameter gespeichert sind, und daß der Rechner (30) abhängig von einem Vergleich der gemesse­ nen Ist-Werte des Differentialquotienten der Impedanzbetrags­ kurve mit denjenigen einer gewünschten Sollkurve des Differen­ tialquotienten den HF-Generator (20) steuert.
DE19813120102 1981-05-20 1981-05-20 Anordnung zur hochfrequenzkoagulation von eiweiss fuer chirurgische zwecke Granted DE3120102A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813120102 DE3120102A1 (de) 1981-05-20 1981-05-20 Anordnung zur hochfrequenzkoagulation von eiweiss fuer chirurgische zwecke
US06/377,932 US4474179A (en) 1981-05-20 1982-05-13 Method and apparatus for the high frequency coagulation of protein for surgical purposes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813120102 DE3120102A1 (de) 1981-05-20 1981-05-20 Anordnung zur hochfrequenzkoagulation von eiweiss fuer chirurgische zwecke

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3120102A1 DE3120102A1 (de) 1982-12-09
DE3120102C2 true DE3120102C2 (de) 1987-08-20

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US (1) US4474179A (de)
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Cited By (98)

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DE3805921A1 (de) * 1988-02-25 1989-09-07 Flachenecker Gerhard Hochfrequenz-leistungsgenerator
DE3830193A1 (de) * 1988-09-06 1990-03-15 Hubmann Max Verfahren und elektrische schaltung zur ermittlung und/oder begrenzung einer mittels katheter zugefuehrten hochfrequenzenergie
DE3838840A1 (de) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Fischer Met Gmbh Hochfrequenzkoagulationsvorrichtung fuer chirurgische zwecke
DE3911416A1 (de) * 1989-04-07 1990-10-11 Delma Elektro Med App Elektrochirurgisches hochfrequenzgeraet
DE3942998A1 (de) * 1989-12-27 1991-07-04 Delma Elektro Med App Elektrochirurgisches hochfrequenzgeraet
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US4474179A (en) 1984-10-02
DE3120102A1 (de) 1982-12-09

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