DE3150352A1 - Use of waste for the production of fillers for plastic articles - Google Patents

Abstract

The use is proposed of aluminium/PVC waste foils, in particular from the pharmaceuticals industry, for the production of fillers for plastic articles, which can be pressed, extruded and injection-moulded. It is also possible to produce foils. The proportion of aluminium/PVC filler can be up to 90% by weight in pressed boards, in particular flooring boards for underfloor heating. In extrusion and injection moulding and in foil moulding, the proportion of aluminium/PVC filler is not above 50 and 60% by weight respectively. In addition to PVC and polyurethane, suitable binders are also polyester, polyethylene and polystyrene plastics. Additional inorganic and metallic fillers may also be present, in particular in the case of pressed boards. Aluminium/PVC waste foils can have binder properties in chipboard.

Description

Use of waste materials

for the production of fillers for plastic bodies The invention refers to the use of waste materials to make fillers for plastic bodies. The invention also relates to the plastic body, which contain such fillers and processes for the production of such plastics.

It is known to have cheap and inexpensive fillers in the plastic raw material to interfere, from which certain plastic bodies can be made in order to thereby Save raw material costs. But because of the use of fillers, the physical Properties of a plastic body compared to the corresponding plastic body are changed without such fillers and such changes affect e.g. elasticity, Notched impact strength, weather resistance can have a negative impact on certain The addition of fillers to plastic bodies is prohibited or not permitted.

However, there are a large number of plastic bodies where the Use of fillers permissible and for the greatest possible saving of crude oil in the future will also be necessary. A wide variety of plastics belong to such plastic bodies Types of panels produced by pressing, e.g. floor panels for surface heating, Formwork bodies, partitions, panel-shaped components for furniture construction, etc. Furthermore it can also be plastic films that contain fillers.

For plastic bodies that are manufactured using the extrusion process and which may contain fillers, it is for example round tubes, especially pressureless protective tubes, rectangular tubes as ventilation tubes, various types of construction profiles, such as edge protection profiles, handrail profiles, connection profiles, strips, such as plaster strips, Profile strips for holding cables, curtain strips, skirting boards, and more Stair stringers and the like more.

In the case of plastic bodies that are manufactured using the injection molding process, and which can contain fillers, there are a wide variety of fittings and molded parts, such as spacers for pipes and cables, spacers for concrete reinforcement mats, Spray bodies for formwork, fittings for pipelines, pipe branches, sleeves and the like.

The plastic bodies described in more detail above are Depending on their production method, they are only an example of a selection, but that does not limit the scope of the invention in any way. The invention primarily comprises such bodies made of plastic, in which the use of fillers is prohibited is. In other words, the invention relates without restriction to such plastic bodies, where the use of fillers is permitted or required.

The object of the invention is now to find a filler that in production plants in larger quantities as waste that cannot be reused accrues, i.e. can be made available to customers practically free of charge, whereby a costly and energy-consuming waste disposal for the production operation not applicable.

The filler should not only save raw material costs, but also the possibility of certain physical properties to be able to improve the plastic body in a targeted manner.

The above object is achieved in that proposed according to the invention aluminum-PVC waste films, especially those used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of Use fillers for plastic bodies.

The invention also includes plastic bodies containing such fillers contain and process for the production of such plastic bodies. To that extent will Reference is made to the subclaims and the following description.

For the Abtall-ltecyclingtaahmanll it was ubiquitous that alas aluminum-PVC-waste foils According to the invention can be easily processed to a particularly inexpensive filler for various types of plastic products. For the production specialist, in its operation the aluminum-PVC waste foils, e.g. as waste foil scraps and empty blisters When larger quantities are obtained, it was also surprising that the waste could be recycled is no longer a disposal problem.

After all, it was surprising for the plastics specialist, too special to obtain a raw material for the production of a filler under favorable conditions, which means that certain plastic products can be manufactured much more cheaply can and achieved advantageous properties due to the aluminum inclusions will. This includes not only the special surface structure that the invention Giving products a special appearance, but also missing ones, among other things or at least significantly reduced electrostatic chargeability, increased thermal conductivity, increased protection against high-energy rays and improved heating and liquefaction properties.

It is well known that on many large plastics, such as foils and floor coverings, electrostatic charges occur due to friction, which can lead to spark discharges when approaching conductive objects. The new filler proposed according to the invention makes a particularly simple one Shown way, due to the aluminum inclusions in the plastic products, electrostatic Avoid charging as much as possible.

The increased thermal conductivity due to the aluminum inclusions in the plastics is particularly advantageous for floor panels for building area heating, because they transfer the heat better.

Another advantage is that the aluminum particles carry the heat for the manufacture of plastic products distributed particularly quickly and evenly is, and that just at the contact surfaces of the aluminum particles Temperature peaks occur which ensure that they are intimately bonded with enter the melted plastic.

More conventional in comparison with corresponding plastic products Type without such aluminum inclusions shows that these lead to their liquefaction a higher energy consumption is required than with plastic products according to the invention with aluminum inclusions.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments described.

Plastic bodies according to the invention are characterized in that the filler consists of shredded aluminum-PVC waste foils for the production of pressed panels, especially floor panels for panel heating, the proportion can of shredded aluminum-PVC waste foils as filler up to about 90% by weight. The plates can each have a thickness of approximately -10-15 mm. Advantageously 8 to 10% by weight of a polyurethane are used as a binder for the aluminum-PVC filler mixed in.

For the professional world it was astonishing, with such a high proportion of up to 90 wt .- * Alu-PUC filler and only 8 to 10 wt .-% binder of one Thermoplastes panels for underfloor heating as a replacement for the traditional floating To obtain screed, the panels at comparatively low manufacturing costs have a high thermal conductivity.

The shredded aluminum-PVC foils are advantageously applied to a 6 to 8 mm sieve given. The sieve passage with about 3 to 4 mm large particles is mixed intensively with the polyurethane and then pressed into sheets in a press, wherein the pressing process can take place with or without an elevated temperature. Of the. Sieve passage of correspondingly larger-meshed sieves can also be up to 10 mm.

A largely homogeneous mixture of the shredded aluminum-PVC waste films with the binder is essential to the quality of the pressed board.

For this purpose, the shredded aluminum-PVC waste films are coated with a binding agent, Softeners and processing aids mixed The mixture becomes known Way a rolled head is made, which is then shredded and then made into panels is pressed. The binder is advantageously a hard PVC.

The press plates can be used as mounting plates except for floor plates or smooth or structured formwork support plates are used.

The above plate-making can be further modified thereby that additional inorganic fillers, such as rock flour, quartz flour or Ceramic flour can be added.

The inorganic filler, the scrap film filler and the binder the basis of polyurethane are mixed intensively and then made into plates pressed. The panels produced in this way can be used as facade panels or floor panels be suitable. The proportion of inorganic filler can make up 90% by weight of the board.

According to the invention, shredded aluminum-PVC waste films can also use wood chips for the production of chipboard.

The chips piled on a bed with the comminuted crushed ones Aluminum-PVC waste foils are hot-pressed between press plates. Because of the high The PVC granulate between the wood chips becomes the thermal conductivity of the aluminum foil particles melted and combines intensively with the wood chips and the aluminum foil particles to a solid particleboard mass.

Here, too, the aluminum foil sections carry between the wood chips contributes to the fact that the PVC is safe to melt with relatively little heat input. brought will. If the PVC of the waste films is not sufficient, an original PVC is used -Granulate added as an additional binder.

For the production of injection molded fittings and molded parts such as e.g. spacers for pipes and cables, spacers for concrete reinforcement mats, Expansion bodies for formwork, fittings for pipelines, pipe branches, sleeves and similar molded parts are shredded aluminum-PVC waste foils and powdery, Plasticizer-free, stabilized PVC with a K value of approx. 50 mixed and then granulated.

In the case of injection molding, the cylinder temperatures must be selected in this way that, on the one hand, optimal homogenization and plasticization are achieved, on the other hand, however, only short residence times can be achieved in order to avoid thermal damage exclude the material. The injection pressure can be between 800 - 1600 bar, the correct setting of the back pressure is because of the thermal sensitivity of the material is very important. Heat from the friction of the screw, which is due to the aluminum content is distributed quickly in the material is better than from the cylinder heating bands.

The injection speed should be chosen so that the material is not sheared. The screw speed should be selected as low as possible.

Due to the composition of the material is used in injection molding processing Bar sprue particularly suitable. The wall thicknesses of the precast elements must not be too be small, it is advisable to work with wall thicknesses greater than 4 mm. The geometric Shape of the parts should be as simple as possible to avoid unnecessary shear of the material to avoid. The percentage of aluminum-PVC to PVC can be varied within wide limits can be varied from 80 to 20%.

A test specimen made from a mixture of Alu-PVC with PVC (Trosiplat-Black type) in a ratio of 50:50 shows the following properties: modulus of elasticity 2,900 N / mm2 Yield stress 42 N / mm2 Tensile strength 34 N / mm2 Elongation at the yield point 5% Elongation at break 9 8 Notched impact strength 6 mJ / mm2 Vicat softening temperature VST / B / 50 5 730C -The filler content of the Materials was about 7%.

The ratio of aluminum-PVC filler to PVC binder (rigid PVC) of 50:50 should not be exceeded, otherwise the injection molding process may encounter difficulties.

For the production of extruded construction profiles such as pipes, rods, Moldings (baseboards, connection profiles, concealed rails, handrail profiles, abutting edges, Edge protection profiles, curtain strips, skirting boards) the proportion of aluminum-PVC filler be selected up to 6O wt .-%.

For example, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm and rectangular profile pipes can be used Dimensions 50 x 20 mm can be extruded. Mixtures of aluminum-PVC filler to PVC binder (PVC hard) in the ratio s of 50: 50 parts by weight can be easily processed.

By changing the lubricant and processing aid, the Content of aluminum-PVC filler can also be increased up to about 60 parts by weight here if necessary, by adding a component to increase the impact strength the drop in notched impact strength can be countered.

The use of extruded pipes is e.g. in agriculture possible as pressureless protective tubes for irrigation and the like. The rectangular tubes can be used to set up fan systems.

In addition to PVC, particularly rigid PVC and polyurethane are used as binders also plastics based on polyester, polyethylene and polystyrene in question, Zur Use of shredded aluminum-PVC waste films as a filler in the extrusion process plastic products to be manufactured or injection molding processes, it is advantageous to to have a granulated filler available with binder granules is mixed to produce a raw material for the extrusion or injection molding process To have available.

For this purpose, the shredded aluminum-PVC waste films are used with or without Addition of a binder in the lard phase is homogenized, degassed and then granulated. So-called plastcompactors are known for such granulation processes.

For the production of foils from aluminum-PVC-filler granulate and PVC-binding agent the filler content can be up to 60%. The preferred PVC binder is S-PVC with a K value of approx. 60 - 70 is used.

The film is produced in a known manner, with filler, Binder, stabilizer and possibly plasticizer in a premixer be mixed hot and then cooled. By subsequent preparation of the mixture with a kneading and rolling mill, compounding is carried out in a known manner, followed by a final compounding Foil forming in the roll calender.

The flow conditions prevailing in the roller gap and the kneading unit require a considerable shear of the melt and thus a generation of heat. the Addition of heat can be used for a material such as PVC binders with aluminum PVC filler represents, be problematic. In order to avoid difficulties in this respect, you can use the calendering speed can be decreased. From this aspect follows a speed of the downstream winder of approx. 40 to 60 m / min.

For the extrusion of aluminum-PVC filler and PVC-hard binder mixtures can- also produce a processable dry blend in a heating-cooling mixer will.

An S-PVC with a K value of approx. 65 is used as the basic mixture. The stabilization consists of 3-basic lead sulfate (approx. 1.5-3 parts by weight); 2-basic lead stearate (1-2 parts by weight); Calcium stsearate (up to 1 part by weight) and montan wax (up to 0.1 part by weight).

The proportion of aluminum-PVC can be up to 60 parts by weight, whereby as finely powdered as possible due to the better dispersion Alu-PVC should be used. For better dispersion, the filler is only added at 800C added to the mixer and then mixed up to about 1200C.

The dry blend obtained in this way can be processed on single-screw extruders will.

At speeds of 10 to 30 rpm, the output is approx. 1.5 up to 2.0 m / min, assuming a simple, rectangular profile cross-section will.

Due to the good thermal conductivity of the material it is used during extrusion make sure that the temperatures of the heating zones or of the tool do not reach 1600C exceed. The profiles obtained in this way show one enriched with aluminum particles Profile cross-section, which has a metallic appearance.

above it was assumed that these are aluminum-PVC waste films that are processed into fillers. Essentially it is in this case to aluminum-PVC-AbEall foils pressed together and occasionally also to pure ones Aluminum waste foils and pure PVC waste foils.

Because of the relatively high sensitivity of PVC to heat and Light is necessary to stabilize the PVC compound before processing. That also applies if aluminum-PVC filler granulate is added to the PVC. The PVC of the Aluminum-PVC waste film from the pharmaceutical industry is usually Sn / S-stabilized. Preferably Sn / S stabilization is also selected for the PVC binder.

Ca / Zn stabilization is an alternative. The basic mix this consists of 100 parts S-PVC, 0.3 parts tin stabilizer, 0.5 parts inner Lubricant (Ca-based) and 0off2 to 1 part external lubricant. Rierbei can do it paraffin or low molecular weight polyethylene with molecular weights between Trade 1000 and 3500.

Lead stabilization can be mentioned as a further type of stabilization due to the sulfur residues in the aluminum-PVC filler granulate Sn / S stabilization a compound of lead with sulfur results in a dark brown Discoloration occurs.

Ba / Cd stabilization can also be selected1 where through the formation of BaS or CdS also discolorations occur.

Apart from aluminum-PVC waste films, there are fewer in the pharmaceutical industry Dimensions also aluminum-PVC / PVDC-foils. There are also cover films that are not just made Aluminum, but made of aluminum glassine or aluminum chrome paper. There are also aluminum composite foils with a kraft paper.

Alu-PVC / PVDC waste films can be used in small proportions up to about 10 % can be present in an aluminum-PVC filler without affecting the production of Press plates according to the invention suffers. However, paper-based waste films are from keep away from the aluminum-PVC filler. Alu-PVC / PVDC waste is related to Extrusion and injection molding processes cannot be used with an aluminum-PVC filler. It is therefore advisable to remove the aluminum-PVC waste foils from the other foils as far as possible to be kept separate, which are only produced in small quantities anyway.

The drawings show exemplary embodiments in a schematic manner shown according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows individual particles of shredded aluminum-PVC waste film. The particles 1 consist of aluminum foil particles 2, which are covered with PVC foil particles 2 ' are firmly connected. The particles 3 consist of pure aluminum foil particles and the Particles 4 consist of pure PVC film particles.

Fig. 2 shows a granulate produced from aluminum-PVC waste films in granular forni. The individual granulate particles 5 made of PVC contain individual aluminum foil particles 5 'included.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a part 6 of a using Plastic body made from aluminum-PVC waste films. Consist in the cross section the fragments 7 made of aluminum foil particles. Points 8 should identify the PVC compound, in which the aluminum foil particles 8 are included.

Fig. 4 show, for example, plastic body that is more than 13 or contain less aluminum-PVC waste film.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a floor panel 9 for surface heating. With 10 cable cross-sections are designated.

Fig. 5 shows, for example, profiles, to 7 Fig. 8 shows a plastic pipe, Fig. 9, relate to a fitting 11, a simple Rohrab-10 and 11 and branch 12 and a multiple manifold 13.

Fig.12 shows an angled pipe part and Fig.13 shows a cable spacer.

The invention is in no way limited to that shown in Figs Embodiments limited. It is immediately clear to the plastics specialist that the exemplary embodiments are supplemented by any number of plastic bodies which contain aluminum-PVC waste films prepared according to the invention as filler can.

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Claims (9)

A n p r ü c h e 1. Use of aluminum-PVC waste foils, in particular the pharmaceutical industry, for the production of fillers for plastic bodies. 2. Plastic body according to claim 1, in particular - in the shape of pressed panels, especially floor panels for surface heating, - in the Shape of extruded building profiles, tubes, rods, strips and the like or in the form of foils, or - in the form of injection molded fittings and molded parts, such as spacers for pipes and cables, for reinforcement mesh, Expansion bodies for formwork, fittings for pipelines, pipe branches, sleeves, characterized in that the filler consists of shredded aluminum-PVC waste films consists. 3. Plastic body according to claim 2 in the form of pressed Panels, in particular floor panels for surface heating, characterized in that that the proportion of crushed Alu-P9C waste film filler up to about 90 percent by weight amounts to 4. Plastic body according to claim 2 in the form of extruded construction profiles, Tubes, rods, strips and the like, or in the form of foils, thereby characterized in that the proportion of aluminum-PVC waste film filler up to about 60 Weight-X is. 5. Plastic body according to claim 2 or in the form of injection molded Fittings and fittings, shafts, e.g. spacers for pipes and cables, for Reinforcement mats, expansion elements for formwork, fittings for pipelines, pipe branches, Muffn, characterized in that the proportion of aluminum-PVC-AbÆallSoLien-Filstoff is up to about 50 wt. 6. Plastic body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the binder consists of a PVC, polyester, polyethylene, polystyrene or polyurethane. 7. Plastic body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that at least one additional organic (wood flour, wood shavings), inorganic (rock, quartz or ceramic powder) or metallic filler (AL powder) is available. 8. Process for the production of plastic bodies according to one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aluminum-PVC waste films crushed, the crushed product mixed with at least one binder and the mixture is pressed into sheets in a hot or cold press. 9. Process for the production of plastic bodies according to one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aluminum-PVC waste films shredded, the shredded product with a binder, plasticizer and processing aid mixed and a rolled head is produced from the mixed material, and that the rolled head is crushed and then pressed into plates. 1O.Process for the production of plastic bodies after one or more of the preceding claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the aluminum-PVC waste films' shredded and the shredded material with or without binding agent in the melting phase is homogenized, degassed and then granulated, and that the aluminum-PVC granulate mixed with a binder and the mixture as a raw material for extrusion or Injection molding of the plastics is used.