DE3926466A1 - Micro-reactor for temp.-controlled chemical reactions - comprises stack of grooved plates - Google Patents

Micro-reactor for temp.-controlled chemical reactions - comprises stack of grooved plates

Info

Publication number
DE3926466A1
DE3926466A1 DE3926466A DE3926466A DE3926466A1 DE 3926466 A1 DE3926466 A1 DE 3926466A1 DE 3926466 A DE3926466 A DE 3926466A DE 3926466 A DE3926466 A DE 3926466A DE 3926466 A1 DE3926466 A1 DE 3926466A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
microreactor
reaction
micro
microreactor according
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE3926466A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE3926466C2 (en
Inventor
Peter Dipl Ing Schmid
Christoph Dipl Ing Dr Caesar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CAESAR, CHRISTOPH, DIPL.-ING., 81677 MUENCHEN, DE
Original Assignee
Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG filed Critical Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
Priority to DE3926466A priority Critical patent/DE3926466C2/en
Publication of DE3926466A1 publication Critical patent/DE3926466A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3926466C2 publication Critical patent/DE3926466C2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B01J12/007—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/421—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions by moving the components in a convoluted or labyrinthine path
    • B01F25/422—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions by moving the components in a convoluted or labyrinthine path between stacked plates, e.g. grooved or perforated plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/30—Micromixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00783—Laminate assemblies, i.e. the reactor comprising a stack of plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
    • B01J2219/00822—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
    • B01J2219/00835—Comprising catalytically active material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00873—Heat exchange
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures

Abstract

In a micro-reactor for carrying out temp-controlled chemical reactions, the novelty is that material reaction and heat flow occur in elements comprising two or more superposed plates which are traversed and connected by a system of machined grooves such that wall thicknessesof 10-1000 (pref. 25-100) microns exist between the material streams. ADVANTAGE: The micro-reactor allows high concn. materials to be combined and reacted with complete control of the heat of reaction, is very compact so that sensitive reactions with a narrow dwell time range can be carried out without formation of undesired subsequent products, and has low pressure loss.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mikroreaktor zur Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen mit starker Wärmetönung, in dem Stoff-, Reaktions- und Wärmeführung in Elementen aus zwei oder mehreren übereinanderliegenden Platten stattfinden, die durch ein System aus durch Zerspanung hergestellten Rillen durchzogen und verbunden sind, dergestalt, daß zwischen den Stoffströmen Wandstärken von 10 bis 100 µm, vorzugsweise von 25 bis 100 µm bestehen.The invention relates to a microreactor for carrying out chemical reactions strong heat, in which material, reaction and heat management in elements two or more superimposed panels take place made by a system Grooves produced by machining are drawn through and connected in such a way that between the material flows wall thicknesses of 10 to 100 microns, preferably from 25 to 100 µm exist.

Bekannt ist, Mikrowärmetauscher mit hoher spezifischer Wärmeübertragungsleistung durch Zerspanung von Folien und anschließendem Diffusionsschweißen von Paketen mit sich kreuzenden Kanälen herzustellen.It is known to have micro heat exchangers with a high specific heat transfer capacity by cutting foils and subsequent diffusion welding of packages to create intersecting channels.

Bekannt ist ferner, diesen Mikrowärmetauscher zur Abfuhr von chemischer Reaktions­ wärme nach vorheriger Mischung der Reaktanten zu nutzen.It is also known to use this micro-heat exchanger to remove chemical reactions heat after prior mixing of the reactants.

Nachteil dieses Verfahrens ist, daß viele exotherme Reaktionen schon während des Misch­ vorganges in einem Mischer beginnen und den möglichen Konzentrationsbereich, in dem die Reaktanten dem Mikroreaktor zugeführt werden, stark einschränken.The disadvantage of this process is that many exothermic reactions occur during the mixing process process in a mixer and the possible concentration range in which restrict the reactants to the microreactor.

Diese Nachteile bestehender Verfahren vermeidet die vorliegende Erfindung.The present invention avoids these disadvantages of existing methods.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, auf einfache Weise Stoffe in hoher Konzen­ tration zusammenzuführen und zur Reaktion zu bringen, die wegen einer starken Wärme­ tönung in keinem konventionellen Rührkessel oder Rohrreaktor kontinuierlich gemischt werden könnten, da die freiwerdende Reaktionswärme nicht beherrschbar wäre.The invention is based, simple substances in high concentrations the task tration to bring together and react because of a strong heat tint continuously mixed in no conventional stirred kettle or tubular reactor could be, since the released heat of reaction would not be manageable.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gelöst, daß Stoff-, Reaktions- und Wärmeführung in Elementen aus zwei oder mehreren übereinander­ liegenden Platten stattfinden, die durch ein System aus durch Zerspanung hergestellten Rillen durchzogen und verbunden sind, dergestalt, daß zwischen den Stoffströmen Wandstärken von 10 bis 1000 µm, vorzugsweise von 25 bis 100 µm bestehen.This object is achieved according to claim 1 in that material, Reaction and heat management in elements from two or more one above the other lying plates take place, which are made by a system of machining Grooves are drawn through and connected in such a way that between the material flows Wall thicknesses of 10 to 1000 microns, preferably from 25 to 100 microns exist.

Dazu wird in einer Ausbildung der Erfindung gemäß Fig. 1 eine Ebene mit Längsrillen (1) versehen, die von dem Stoffstrom A (2) durchströmt werden. In einer zweiten Ebene (3) sind zu den ersten senkrechte Rillen (12) angebracht, die ein Kühlmedium (4) führen; ferner ist eine Aussparung (5) angebracht, in der der Stoffstrom B (6) aus der darüberliegenden Platte (7) mit dem Stoffstrom (B) 2 zusammengebracht und gemischt wird. Die Strömung von (2) durchläuft nach der Mischzone (5) eine Aufheiz- und Reaktionszone, bevor sie zwischen den vom Kühlmedium durchflossenen Ebenen gekühlt wird. In dieser Zone kann die Reaktion sich unter hoher möglicher Wärmeabführleistung fortsetzen, bis der gewünschte Umsetzungsgrad erreicht ist.For this purpose, in one embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1, a plane is provided with longitudinal grooves ( 1 ) through which the material flow A ( 2 ) flows. In a second plane ( 3 ) there are vertical grooves ( 12 ) leading to the first, which guide a cooling medium ( 4 ); there is also a recess ( 5 ) in which the material stream B ( 6 ) from the overlying plate ( 7 ) is brought together with the material stream (B) 2 and mixed. The flow of ( 2 ) passes through a heating and reaction zone after the mixing zone ( 5 ) before it is cooled between the levels through which the cooling medium flows. In this zone, the reaction can continue with a high possible heat dissipation until the desired degree of conversion is reached.

Der Anschluß dieses Mikroreaktors an externe Leitungen wird nach einem technisch üblichen Prinzip durch Dichtungen, Dichtungsmassen oder eine thermische Verbindung erfolgen.The connection of this microreactor to external lines is technically usual principle by seals, sealants or a thermal connection respectively.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Mikroreaktor aus sechseckigen Platten gemäß Fig. 2 aufgebaut, in dem die mögliche Reaktionszone vollständig von Kühlmedium über- und unterflossen ist. Stoffstrom A (2) wird durch Öffnung (8), Stoffstrom B (6) durch Öffnung (9) eingebracht, in der Mischzone (5) gemischt, z. B. an Einbauten (10) verwirbelt und verläßt den Mikroreaktor durch Ausströmöffnungen (11). Der erfindungsgemäße Mikroreaktor zur Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen mit starker Wärmetönung läßt sich in den technisch üblichen Reaktionsführungen schalten und kombinieren, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen, wie Rückfüh­ rung von Produkten, Parallelschaltung, Serienschaltungen, oder der Zugabe von Stoffstrom B (6) an mehreren Stellen zu Stoffstrom A (2).In a further embodiment of the invention, the microreactor is constructed from hexagonal plates according to FIG. 2, in which the possible reaction zone is completely overflowed and underflowed by cooling medium. Stream A ( 2 ) is introduced through opening ( 8 ), stream B ( 6 ) through opening ( 9 ), mixed in the mixing zone ( 5 ), z. B. on internals ( 10 ) swirls and leaves the microreactor through outflow openings ( 11 ). The microreactor according to the invention for carrying out chemical reactions with a strong exotherm can be switched and combined in the technically customary reaction procedures without leaving the scope of the present invention, such as recycling of products, parallel connection, series connections, or the addition of stream B ( 6 ) several places for material flow A ( 2 ).

Der erfindungsgemäße Mikroreaktor ist durch seine kompakte Bauweise besonders geeignet für empfindliche Reaktionen, für die ein enges Verweilzeitspektrum erforderlich ist. Es können damit unerwünschte Folgeprodukte bei vollständiger Beherrschung der Reaktionswärme im mikroskopisch kleinen Maßstab vermieden werden.The microreactor according to the invention is special due to its compact design suitable for sensitive reactions for which a narrow residence time spectrum is required is. This can result in undesired secondary products with complete control of the Heat of reaction can be avoided on a microscopic scale.

Der Druckverlust des Mikroreaktors ist durch seine kleine Baulänge und den großen freien Querschnitt gering, trotz der großen beherrschbaren Wärmeströme.The pressure drop of the microreactor is due to its small overall length and the large free one Cross section small, despite the large controllable heat flows.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Mikroreaktor aus einer Platinlegierung gefertigt, in der hochenergetische Substanzen gemischt werden; diese verdampfen z. B. Wasser in den Kühlkanälen (12), das z. B. zum Antrieb einer Turbine oder eines Werkzeuges dienen kann.In a further embodiment of the invention, the microreactor is made of a platinum alloy in which high-energy substances are mixed; these evaporate z. B. water in the cooling channels ( 12 ), the z. B. can be used to drive a turbine or a tool.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Mikroreaktor selbst aus einem Katalysatormaterial wie z. B. Platin gefertigt und dient z. B. zur Durchführung einer heterogenkatalytischen Gasphasenreaktion.In a further embodiment of the invention, the microreactor itself is made of one Catalyst material such as B. made of platinum and serves z. B. to carry out a heterogeneous catalytic gas phase reaction.

Claims (8)

1. Mikroreaktor zur Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen mit starker Wärmetönung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Stoff-, Reaktions- und Wärmeführung in Elementen aus zwei oder mehreren übereinanderliegenden Platten stattfinden, die durch ein System aus durch Zerspanung hergestellten Rillen durchzogen und verbunden sind, dergestalt, daß zwischen den Stoffströmen Wandstärken von 10 bis 1000 µm, vorzugsweise von 25 bis 100 µm bestehen.1. microreactor for carrying out chemical reactions with strong heat, characterized in that material, reaction and heat management take place in elements of two or more superimposed plates, which are pulled through and connected by a system of grooves produced by machining, in such a way that between the material flows wall thicknesses of 10 to 1000 microns, preferably from 25 to 100 microns. 2. Mikroreaktor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere die Reaktion füh­ rende Elemente durch eine Wärmebehandlung, vorzugsweise eine Diffusionsschweißung oder -Lötung, innerhalb des Elementes und zwischen den Elementen zu einer festen und dichten Einheit verbunden werden.2. Microreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that several lead the reaction rende elements by a heat treatment, preferably a diffusion welding or soldering, within the element and between the elements to a fixed and tight unit. 3. Mikroreaktor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mikroreaktor aus einem katalytisch wirksamen Metall gefertigt ist, vorzugsweise Platin, Palladium, Nickel oder Eisen.3. Microreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the microreactor from one catalytically active metal is made, preferably platinum, palladium, nickel or Iron. 4. Mikroreaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material des Mikroreaktors ein hochschmelzendes Edelmetall, vorzugsweise Platin, Palladium, Iridium oder eine Legierung dieser Metalle ist.4. Microreactor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material the microreactor is a high-melting noble metal, preferably platinum, palladium, Is iridium or an alloy of these metals. 5. Mikroreaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rillen­ querschnitt und die Druckverhältnisse zur Ein- und Ausströmung aus dem Mikroreaktor so gewählt sind, daß sich eine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von mehr als 0,5 m/s einstellt.5. Microreactor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grooves cross section and the pressure conditions for inflow and outflow from the microreactor are chosen so that a flow rate of more than 0.5 m / s is established. 6. Mikroreaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stoff­ ströme aus den einzelnen Platten durch querlaufende Rillen (Mischräume) vermischt werden.6. Microreactor according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the substance flows from the individual plates mixed through transverse grooves (mixing rooms) will. 7. Mikroreaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über Zahl und Breite dieser querlaufenden Rillen das Verweilzeitspektrum des Mikroreaktors eingestellt ist.7. Microreactor according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that over number and width of these transverse grooves the residence time spectrum of the microreactor is set. 8. Mikroreaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die querlaufenden Rillen, die Mischräume, Strömungshindernisse, vorzugsweise Drähte eingelegt sind.8. Microreactor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the transverse grooves, the mixing spaces, flow obstacles, preferably wires are inserted.
DE3926466A 1989-08-10 1989-08-10 Microreactor for carrying out chemical reactions of two chemical substances with strong heat Expired - Fee Related DE3926466C2 (en)

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