DE3932980A1 - Plastic panels for emergency shelters - form walls, floors, roofs with edge grooves having recesses linked by separate barbed PVC connectors - Google Patents
Plastic panels for emergency shelters - form walls, floors, roofs with edge grooves having recesses linked by separate barbed PVC connectorsInfo
- Publication number
- DE3932980A1 DE3932980A1 DE19893932980 DE3932980A DE3932980A1 DE 3932980 A1 DE3932980 A1 DE 3932980A1 DE 19893932980 DE19893932980 DE 19893932980 DE 3932980 A DE3932980 A DE 3932980A DE 3932980 A1 DE3932980 A1 DE 3932980A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- springs
- barbs
- production according
- grooves
- floors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
- E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
- E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
- E04B1/6145—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element
- E04B1/615—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element the connection made by expansion
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/38—Devices for sealing spaces or joints between roof-covering elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
- E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Herstellung von Wänden und/oder Decken und/oder Boden, insbesondere für Notunterkünfte.The invention relates to the manufacture of walls and / or ceilings and / or floor, especially for emergency shelters.
Notunterkünfte werden in Krisensituationen dringend gebracht. Dabei kommt es darauf an, daß die Unterkünfte schnell zur Verfügung gestellt und ohne großen technischen Aufwand montiert werden können. D. h. die Notunterkünfte müsse sich leicht transportieren lassen. Dabei muß zugleich berücksichtigt werden, daß in Krisensituationen nur einge schränkte Transportmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung stehen. Auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit ist zu berücksichtigen. Hilfsmaßnahmen werden in Krisensituationen in erster Linie von gemeinnützigen Hilfsorganisa tionen. Diese Hilfsorganisationen sind nicht in der Lage, im umfang reichen Maßstab, teure Notunterkünfte vorzuhalten.Emergency shelters are urgently brought in crisis situations. Here It is important that the accommodations are made available quickly and can be assembled without great technical effort. I.e. the Emergency shelters must be easy to transport. It must at the same time take into account that only in crisis situations limited transportation options are available. Also the Economy must be taken into account. Aid measures are in Crisis situations primarily from charitable aid organizations ions. These aid organizations are unable to scale up sufficient scale to provide expensive emergency shelters.
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist nach einem älteren Vorschlag vorgeschlagen worden, Notunterkünfte aus Kunststoffschaumplatten herzustellen. Zwar gibt es Herstellungsbreiten bis zu 2 m. Verbreitet sind jedoch deut lich geringere Herstellungsbreiten.Against this background is proposed after an older proposal to manufacture emergency shelters from plastic foam panels. Though there are production widths up to 2 m. However, widespread are German Lich smaller manufacturing widths.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Wände, Decken und ggf. Böden aus Kunststoffschaumplatten geringer Breite herzustellen. Nach der Erfindung wird das mit Hilfe einer an sich bekannten Nut-Feder-Verbin dung erreicht. Im Unterschied zu herkömmlichen Federn sind erfindungs gemäßen Federn jedoch mit Widerhaken versehen. Die Widerhaken verlau fen in Längsrichtung der Federn. In den Nuten sind für die Widerhaken Ausnehmungen vorgesehen.The invention has for its object walls, ceilings and possibly floors to manufacture from plastic foam sheets of small width. After This is achieved with the help of a tongue and groove joint known per se reached. In contrast to conventional springs are fiction according to the springs, however, provided with barbs. The barbs are clear fen in the longitudinal direction of the springs. In the grooves are for barbs Recesses provided.
Dieses System läßt sich nutzen, um die Federn quer zu Ihrer Längsrich tung in den Nuten zu drücken bzw. die Platten quer zur Längsrichtung auf die Nuten zu schieben. Dadurch ergibt sich eine schnell und leicht handhabbare Verbindungstechnik, die zugleich fest ist, weil sich die Platten infolge der Widerhaken nicht quer zu ihrer Längsrichtung wieder voneinander bewegen lassen. Ein besonders günstiges System ergibt sich, wenn die Platten an den Verbindungsstellen alle in gleicher Weise genutet sind. Dann können die Platten einfach gefertigt werden. Die Federn werden separat beigestellt oder bereits an einen Plattenrand montiert, um zu vermeiden, daß die Federn verlorengehen.This system can be used to make the springs perpendicular to your longitudinal direction to press in the grooves or the plates transverse to the longitudinal direction to slide on the grooves. This results in a quick and easy manageable connection technology, which is also firm because the Plates not transverse to their longitudinal direction due to barbs let move again. A particularly inexpensive system results if the plates at the connection points all in are grooved in the same way. Then the plates can be easily manufactured will. The springs are supplied separately or already on one Plate edge installed to prevent the springs from being lost.
Wahlweise sind die Widerhaken symetrisch oder asymetrisch angeordnet. Für 30 mm bis 100 mm Dicke Kunststoffschaumplatten sind die Nuttiefen vorzugsweise 10 bis 60 mm und die Nutbreiten vorzugsweise 5 bis 30 mm. Aus den Nutabmessungen ergeben sich die Abmessungen der Federn. Dabei ist es für die Positionierung der Federn von Vorteil, wenn die Federn im Nuttiefsten anstoßen. Während des Einschiebens der Federn erfahren die Widerhaken eine Verformung, da die Widerhaken im unbelasteten Zustand über die Nutbreite hinausragen. Vorteilhaft ist, wenn sich die Widerhaken unmittelbar beim Anstoßen der Feder im Nuttiefsten in die für die Widerhaken vorgesehenen Ausnehmungen der Nut ausspreizen können. Dies hängt von der Genauigkeit der Fertigung ab. Vorzugsweise sind deshalb Toleranzen vorgesehen, die höchstens 0,2 mm betragen. In Abhängigkeit von den Fertigungstoleranzen liegen die durch die Feder zu verbindenden Plattenränder mehr oder weniger dicht aneinander. Bei genauer Fertigung können die Plattenränder annähernd schließend aneinander gebracht werden.The barbs are optionally arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically. The groove depths are for 30 mm to 100 mm thick plastic foam panels preferably 10 to 60 mm and the groove widths preferably 5 to 30 mm. The dimensions of the springs result from the groove dimensions. Here it is beneficial for the positioning of the springs if the springs toast in the deepest. Experience while inserting the springs the barbs deform because the barbs in the unloaded Condition protruding beyond the groove width. It is advantageous if the Barbs immediately when the spring is pushed into the groove Spread the recesses in the groove provided for the barbs can. This depends on the accuracy of the manufacturing. Preferably tolerances are therefore provided which are at most 0.2 mm. In Depending on the manufacturing tolerances are due to the spring plate edges to be connected more or less close to each other. At more precise manufacturing, the plate edges can close almost brought together.
Für das Aufspreizen der Widerhaken ist eine relativ große Hakenlänge von Vorteil. Nach der Erfindung wird das dadurch erreicht, daß die Feder in Ihrer Dicke im Bereich der Widerhaken reduziert ist. Dort wird die Feder lediglich auf Zug beansprucht, so daß eine relativ geringe Dicke ausreicht.A relatively large hook length is required for spreading the barbs advantageous. According to the invention this is achieved in that the Spring is reduced in thickness in the area of the barbs. There the spring is only subjected to tension, so that a relative small thickness is sufficient.
Dagegen ist die Feder im Bereich der Berührungsflächen der zu verbin denden Kunststoffschaumplattenenden auch anderen Belastungen, insbe sondere einer Scherbelastung ausgesetzt. Deshalb und aus Gründen der bündigen Lage der Kunststoffplattenränder füllen die Federn die Nut in diesem Bereich (außerhalb der Widerhaken) vollständig aus. In contrast, the spring is to be connected in the area of the contact surfaces The ends of the plastic foam board also have other loads, in particular particularly exposed to shear stress. Therefore and for the sake of the tongue of the plastic plate edges fill in the groove this area (outside the barbs) completely.
Überraschenderweise zeigt sich, daß Kunststoffschaumplatten aus Polystyrol oder einem ähnlichen Kunststoff mit geschlossenen Zellen durch die erfindungsgemäße Nut-Feder-Verbindung zu selbsttragenden Wänden und Decken für Notunterkünfte zusammengesteckt werden können. Das gilt für übliche Längen und Breiten von Notunterkünften. Darüber hinaus hat das erfindungsgemäße System den Vorteil, beliebig ver längerbar zu sein. D. h. es können endlos lange Wände und Decken aus den Kunststoffplatten zusammengesetzt werden. In diesen Fällen ist nach Erreichen bestimmter Längen eine Versteifung vorgesehen, die vorzugsweise durch Kunststoffschaumzwischenwände gebildet wird.Surprisingly, it turns out that plastic foam panels Polystyrene or a similar plastic with closed cells self-supporting by the tongue and groove connection according to the invention Walls and ceilings for emergency accommodation can be put together. This applies to the usual lengths and widths of emergency shelters. About that In addition, the system according to the invention has the advantage of ver to be longer. I.e. it can make endless walls and ceilings the plastic plates are put together. In these cases stiffening provided after reaching certain lengths, the is preferably formed by plastic foam partitions.
Überraschenderweise zeigt sich auch, daß mit erfindungsgemäß verbun denen Kunststoffplatten geschlossene Dachplatten entstehen, die keiner zusätzlichen Abdichtung bedürfen. Selbst wenn Oberflächenwasser in die Berührungsspalt zweier Kunststoffplatten eindringt, so wird das Wasser von der Feder jedoch aufgefangen und abgeleitet. Bei asymetrischen Federn (mit einseitig angeordneten Widerhaken) ist dabei darauf zu achten, daß die Widerhaken nach oben ragen. So ist das Ableiten eindringenden Wassers gewährleistet.Surprisingly, it also shows that verbun according to the invention which are made of plastic sheets of closed roof tiles, which none need additional sealing. Even if surface water gets into the Contact gap between two plastic plates penetrates, so the water caught and derived by the spring. With asymmetrical Feathers (with barbs arranged on one side) are moving towards it make sure that the barbs protrude upwards. That's how it is derived water penetration guaranteed.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Systems auch dort möglich, wo Knotenpunkte entstehen, also verschiedene Fugen zusammenlaufen. Das ist an den Stoßstellen zwischen Dach und Wänden der Fall. Dort sind die Kunststoffschaumplatten des Daches so zusam mengesetzt, daß die Fugen zwischen den Platten bei geneigtem Dach in Richtung der Dachneigung verlaufen. Damit ist das Abfließen des Wassers gesichert.The use of the system according to the invention is advantageous also possible where nodes arise, i.e. different joints converge. That is at the joints between the roof and walls the case. There the plastic foam panels of the roof are together set that the joints between the panels in sloping roof Run in the direction of the roof pitch. This is the drainage of the Water secured.
Im Stoßbereich mit den Wänden liegt die die Verbindung zwischen Dach und Wand bewirkende, in Längsrichtung der Wände verlaufende Feder unterhalb und unmittelbar an den geneigt verlaufenden Federn in den das Dach bildenden Kunststoffschaumplatten.The connection between the roof lies in the joint area with the walls and wall-causing spring extending in the longitudinal direction of the walls below and directly on the inclined springs in the the roof forming plastic foam panels.
Vorzugsweise sind alle Nuten durchgehend in den Kunststoffschaum platten angebracht. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Schaumstoffplatten durch Verschieben in Längsrichtung zueinander wieder zu demontieren.All grooves are preferably continuous in the plastic foam plates attached. This makes it possible to use the foam sheets to disassemble by moving in the longitudinal direction.
In der Zeichnung sind verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt.Various exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing shown.
Fig. 1 zeigt die korrespondierenden Ränder zweier 40 mm dicken Polystyrol-Schaumplatten. Die Polystyrol-Schaumplatten haben im Ausführungsbeispiel ein Raumgewicht von 40 kg/m3. Fig. 1 shows the corresponding edges of two 40 mm thick polystyrene foam sheets. In the exemplary embodiment, the polystyrene foam sheets have a density of 40 kg / m 3 .
Die Polystyrol-Schaumplatten 1 und 2 sind an den korrespondierenden Rändern genutet. Die Nuten sind gleichmäßig ausgebildet und tragen die Bezeichnungen 3. 1m Ausführungsbeispiel haben die Nuten eine Dicke von 10 mm und eine Tiefe von 40 mm. Die Nuten 3 sind seitlich in regel mäßigen Abständen mit Ausnehmungen 9 versehen. Die Ausnehmungen 9 haben eine Schlitzform.The polystyrene foam sheets 1 and 2 are grooved on the corresponding edges. The grooves are formed uniformly and are labeled 3 . In the exemplary embodiment, the grooves have a thickness of 10 mm and a depth of 40 mm. The grooves 3 are laterally provided with recesses 9 at regular intervals. The recesses 9 have a slot shape.
Die Nuten 3 wirken mit einer Feder 5 zusammen, die über eine Länge von jeweils 10 bis 15 mm die Nut 3 einer jeden Kunststoffschaumplatte ausfüllt und sich danach auf eine Dicke von 5 mm verjüngt. Der ver jüngte Teil ist mit 6 bezeichnet. An dem verjüngten Teil sind Wider haken 8 angebracht. Die Widerhaken 8 sind paarweise angeordnet. Für jede Nut 3 sind zwei Paar Widerhaken 8 vorgesehen. Die Anordnung der schlitzförmigen bzw. rillenförmigen Ausnehmungen in den Nuten 3 ist so gewählt, daß sich die Widerhaken 8 in der dargestellten Situation in die Ausnehmungen 9 haben aufspreizen können. Diese Stellung ist auch wesentlich dadurch bestimmt, daß die Federn 5 an jedem Ende mit Spitzen 7 versehen sind, die eine saubere Positionierung der Wider haken beim Eindrücken in die Nuten 3 gewährleisten. Die Nuten 3 sind mit Hilfe von Fingerfräsern gefräst worden. Wahlweise kann der Fräs vorgang auch mehrstufig ablaufen, wobei zunächst eine Mut 3 ohne die Ausnehmungen 9 gefräst wird und anschließend mit einer Formfräse die Ausnehmungen 9 eingebracht werden.The grooves 3 cooperate with a spring 5 , which fills the groove 3 of each plastic foam plate over a length of 10 to 15 mm and then tapers to a thickness of 5 mm. The ver tapered part is designated 6 . On the tapered part, hooks 8 are attached. The barbs 8 are arranged in pairs. Two pairs of barbs 8 are provided for each groove 3 . The arrangement of the slot-shaped or groove-shaped recesses in the grooves 3 is selected so that the barbs 8 can have spread out into the recesses 9 in the situation shown. This position is also largely determined by the fact that the springs 5 are provided at each end with tips 7 , which ensure a clean positioning of the opposing hooks when pressed into the grooves 3 . The grooves 3 have been milled using end mills. Optionally, the milling process can also take place in several stages, with firstly a groove 3 being milled without the recesses 9 and then the recesses 9 being introduced using a form milling machine.
Nach Fig. 2 ist anstelle der Feder 5 eine Feder 20 vorgesehen, die sich von der Feder 5 durch eine asymetrische Ausbildung unterscheidet. Die Feder 20 besitzt nur einseitig Widerhaken, die dort mit 22 be zeichnet sind. Dementsprechend ist die Verjüngung 21 einseitig ange ordnet, so daß die Feder 20 mit ihrem Mittelteil und den Verjün gungen 21 eine T-Form besitzt. According to FIG. 2, a spring 20 is provided instead of the spring 5, which differs from the spring 5 by an asymmetrical form. The spring 20 has barbs on one side only, which are marked there with 22 be. Accordingly, the taper 21 is arranged on one side, so that the spring 20 with its central part and the tapering 21 has a T-shape.
Die Montage der erfindungsgemäßen Federn ist in Fig. 3 und 4 mit einer Feder 30 dargestellt, die lediglich ein Paar Widerhaken 31 bzw. 32 für jede Schaumstoffplatte 1 bzw. 2 besitzt.The assembly of the springs according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 with a spring 30 which has only one pair of barbs 31 and 32 for each foam sheet 1 and 2 , respectively.
Nach Fig. 1 wird die Feder zunächst seitlich in die Mut einer Kunst stoffplatte gedrückt. Dabei stößt die Feder 30 mit ihrer Spitze im Nuttiefsten an. Damit ist gewährleistet, daß die Widerhaken in eine genaue Position zu den Ausnehmungen in den Nuten kommen.According to Fig. 1, the spring is first pushed laterally into the guts of a plastic plate. The tip of the spring 30 abuts the deepest part of the groove. This ensures that the barbs come into an exact position with respect to the recesses in the grooves.
Nach Eindrücken der Feder 30 in den Rand der Kunststoffplatte 1 wird die zweite Kunststoffplatte 2 mit ihrem Rand seitlich auf die Feder 30 und gegen die Kunststoffplatte 1 gedrückt. Dabei spreizen sich die Widerhaken in die dafür bestimmten Ausnehmungen der Nut, so daß die Platten quer zu ihrer Längsrichtung durch die Feder 30 unverrückbar gehalten sind. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 und 4 ist die Fertigungsgenauigkeit so bemessen, daß die Platten 1 und 2 nach Ausspreizen der Widerhaken in der Nut der Platte 2 lediglich einen Abstand von 0,05 mm besitzen.After pressing the spring 30 into the edge of the plastic plate 1 , the edge of the second plastic plate 2 is pressed laterally onto the spring 30 and against the plastic plate 1 . The barbs spread into the recesses in the groove intended for this, so that the plates are held immovably by the spring 30 transversely to their longitudinal direction. In the embodiment of Fig. 3 and 4, the manufacturing accuracy is such that the plates 1 and 2 have mm by splaying of the barbs in the groove of the panel 2 only at a distance of 0.05.
Fig. 5 und 6 zeigen eine Notunterkunft, die aus Polystyrol-Schaum platten 41, 42, 43, 44 und 45 zusammengesetzt ist. Zwischen allen aneinanderstoßenden Polystyrol-Schaumplatten ist eine Nut-Feder- Verbindung nach Fig. 1 vorgesehen. Fig. 5 and 6 show a shelter, the slabs of polystyrene foam 41, 42, 43, 44 and is composed 45th A tongue and groove connection according to FIG. 1 is provided between all abutting polystyrene foam sheets.
Dabei sind die Nuten so angelegt, daß im Stoßbereich 49 des Daches mit den Wänden die schematisch dargestellten Federn 50 und 51 einander berühren bzw. die Federn 50 aus der Verbindung Dach-Polystyrol-Schaum platten 41 über der Feder 51 liegen. Die Feder 51 ist in die oberen Stirnflächen der Polystyrol-Schaumplatten 42 und in die unteren Flächen der Polystyrol-Schaumplatten 41 eingelassen.The grooves are designed so that in the joint area 49 of the roof with the walls, the schematically illustrated springs 50 and 51 touch each other or the springs 50 from the roof-polystyrene foam plates 41 are over the spring 51 . The spring 51 is embedded in the upper end faces of the polystyrene foam sheets 42 and in the lower faces of the polystyrene foam sheets 41 .
Die Notunterkunft nach Fig. 5 besitzt im Firstbereich eine Metall schiene 46. Darüber hinaus sind am Fuß der Stirn- und Seitenwände Metallschienen 47 und 48 vorgesehen. The shelter of Fig. 5 has in the first region, a metal bar 46. In addition, metal rails 47 and 48 are provided at the foot of the end and side walls.
Anstelle des gewählten Plattenmaterials kann auch ein anderes Platten material in Frage kommen. Für Notunterkünfte liegt die Dicke des Plattenmaterials zweckmäßigerweise zwischen 30 und 100 mm. Besonders günstige Verhältnisse ergeben sich bei 40 mm Plattendicke.Instead of the selected plate material, another plate can also be used material come into question. For emergency shelters, the thickness of the Board material suitably between 30 and 100 mm. Especially favorable conditions result with a plate thickness of 40 mm.
Für das genannte Plattenmaterial mit Dicken von 30 bis 100 mm können die Nuten in ihren Abmessungen erheblich differieren. Die Nuttiefen können 10 bis 60 mm betragen, die Nutbreiten 5 bis 30 mm. Die erfin dungsgemäß verwendeten Federn bestehen im Ausführungsbeispiel aus PVC. Das Material ist mittelhart eingestellt. Die Härte liegt bei 85 bis 90 Shore.For the plate material mentioned with thicknesses of 30 to 100 mm the grooves differ significantly in their dimensions. The groove depths can be 10 to 60 mm, the groove widths 5 to 30 mm. The invent In accordance with the invention, springs used consist of PVC. The material is medium hard. The hardness is 85 to 90 shore.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19893932980 DE3932980A1 (en) | 1989-10-03 | 1989-10-03 | Plastic panels for emergency shelters - form walls, floors, roofs with edge grooves having recesses linked by separate barbed PVC connectors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19893932980 DE3932980A1 (en) | 1989-10-03 | 1989-10-03 | Plastic panels for emergency shelters - form walls, floors, roofs with edge grooves having recesses linked by separate barbed PVC connectors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE3932980A1 true DE3932980A1 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
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DE19893932980 Withdrawn DE3932980A1 (en) | 1989-10-03 | 1989-10-03 | Plastic panels for emergency shelters - form walls, floors, roofs with edge grooves having recesses linked by separate barbed PVC connectors |
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DE (1) | DE3932980A1 (en) |
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