DE4241973A1 - Textiles for vandal-proof seating - comprising core of cutting resistant fibre such as aromatic polyamide with covering of dyeable natural or synthetic fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

Textiles used in seating, esp. in vehicles subject to vandalism, contain spun yarns comprising a core of cutting-resistant fibre covered with easily dyeable (or printable) natural or synthetic fibres, the covering layer forming 30-70% of the total yarn. ADVANTAGE - Cutting-resistant fibres such as those based on aromatic polyamides can be used in relatively easily made structures.

Description

The invention relates to a fabric for manufacture provision of seat covers, in particular seat covers in vehicles at risk of vandalism.

In public transport such as subways, suburban trains, Vandalism takes the form of buses, etc. Damage to the seat covers, especially through cutting of references, more and more too. For this reason, they are Public transport operators forced at the Equipping new cars and replacing damaged ones Seats to take action to counter this vandalism counteract. Therefore, the interest in cut resistant Seat covers, especially in recent times, are growing very strongly taken.

In the patent literature, several options have already been which prevent the seat covers from being cut or should at least complicate.  

For example, AU-A 86 - 52 272 proposes one Upholstery fabric made of textile material or leather Aramid fibers, for example in the form of a fabric or a fleece, and bring these layers together glue.

FR-A 2 592 334 describes a seat cover which is made by The following structure shows from top to bottom: A top layer a material not explained in more detail, one made of aramid or fiberglass layer, a metal grid and foam material.

The introduction of a layer is also described in EP-A 0 355 879 made of aramid fibers in seat covers for those at risk of vandalism Vehicles suggested.

All of the seat assemblies described so far have the disadvantage that in the manufacture of several different materials for the outer fabric and for the actual anti-vandalism layer must be kept in stock, which is the case with the Production costs have a negative impact. In addition, at Always come up with the proposed solutions must be taken that sometimes significant Be Damage to the outer fabric occurs because only the one underneath lying layer resistance to attempts to seat to cut open, offers.

The use of textile fabrics made from aromatic Polyamide fibers in the top layer of the cover fabric are made of aesthetic and technical reasons not easily possible. Aromatic polyamide fibers have a yellow inherent color on. Especially aromatic polyamide fibers from p-Aramid types are very difficult to dye and therefore only offer  limited options for an appealing Color design of the seat covers. A possible way out would be Use of dyed aromatic polyamide fibers, which means but the freedom of disposition in the manufacture of the Seat covers would be subject to significant restrictions what because of the high cost associated with a strong extended storage in most cases not is accepted.

In addition, aromatic polyamide fibers, like all, also show Fibers based on polyamide, an enhanced light sensitivity, so that it is relative to vehicle seats exposed to light, damaging the Upholstery fabric can come if there is aromatic polyamide fibers unprotected in the top layer of the vehicle seat Find.

The task was therefore to find a solution to the problem find the one easy one at seat manufacturing Offers the possibility of disposition, but also that So trying to slit and cut open acts that little or no damage to the cover can arise.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that both tasks positions are solved in a particularly suitable manner can if for the manufacture of seat covers for vehicles at risk of vandalism wound yarn with a core of a cut resistant Fiber, for example an aromatic polyamide fiber be set.  

Aromatic polyamide fibers became more braided, even in the form Yarns already used in the manufacture of vehicle seats proposed different variants, each of which Aspect of the low flammability of these fibers in the front reason stood.

For example, Research Disclosure No. 33,729 suggests a yarn with a core wound with natural or chemical fibers from a so-called modern high-performance fiber for which Polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide and aromatic Polyamide fibers are called for the production of Use seats on airplanes. From this publication However, it is not clear to a person skilled in the art how a Textile fabrics made from wound yarns for anti vandalism-prone vehicles must be constructed.

Therefore, specially wound yarns had to be used in Vehicles that are particularly strong in a possible Vandalized are still to be developed.

The yarn used for the production of the invention textile fabrics should be used a core made of a cut-resistant fiber for what Aromatic polyamide fibers are particularly suitable. The fibers mentioned, for which the abbreviation aramid fibers is common are under brand names such as Twaron ® known.

Polyolefin is another cut-resistant fiber fibers, especially those produced by the gel spinning process Polyethylene fibers, glass fibers and metal fibers as the core of the wound yarns for the production of the invention textile fabrics into consideration. Among those here  mentioned metal fibers is also to be understood as steel wire. Mixtures of the fibers mentioned can also be used Mixtures of these fibers with aromatic polyamide fibers as Find core material application.

The core of the wound yarn can be made of filament or Spun yarns are formed. Filament yarn is due the higher strength that can be achieved compared to spinning preference is given to fiber yarns. Find as core material Filament yarns use, so these can be twisted or un be turned.

For the filament and yarn titers for the core material be there are no restrictions. The selection of the title for the Core material is based on the wishes of the Properties of the finished material. The titer of the core must be on the desired yarn titer and on the Amount of the envisaged coat substance can be coordinated. The wound yarns are used to manufacture the textile fabrics according to the invention in one titer range from 400 to 7000 dtex.

To form the shell substance, spun fibers find Ver turn. This can be natural or chemical fibers or mixtures of these fibers.

Among the natural fibers are wool and cotton for this Field of application particularly well suited. As chemical fibers come viscose staple fibers, polyester staple fibers, polyamide Staple fibers and polyacrylonitrile staple fibers are preferred for Commitment. Mixtures of mentioned fibers are used.  

One for the production of the textiles according to the invention A suitable yarn variant is also a yarn with a core made of so-called p-aramid fibers and a jacket from so-called m-aramid fibers. Usually under aromatic polyamide fibers prefer the so-called p-Aramid fibers understood. The most famous polymer for the The formation of these fibers is poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide. It arises from poly-condensation from p-phenylenediamine and Terephthalic acid. Both starting products contain the amide-forming acid or amino groups in the p-position on Benzene core, from which the designation p- or para-aramid fibers.

Are starting products used that the amide-forming Contain groups in the m position on the benzene nucleus, i.e. to Example the corresponding m connections of the above starting materials mentioned (m-phenylenediamine and iso phthalic acid), so polymers are formed with another Chain structure, in this case a poly-m-phenylene isophthal amide, from which the general term m- or meta- Derives aramid fibers.

M-aramid fibers are lighter in color than p-aramid fibers bar and can therefore the covered substance in braided Form yarns.

Usually the coat is made from undyed fibers educated. Of course it is also possible to instead of the undyed fibers spun-dyed chemical fibers for this use, which saves the usual bath dyeing process can be.  

Because in public transport from those used there Textiles usually require low flammability is, it is appropriate to use the one for the shell substance put natural or chemical fibers of a flame retardant Aus to undergo armor. This can be in the flake before Yarn production take place. However, it is more expedient to do this Equipment on the wound yarn or on it made fabric.

Since recent ecological concerns about the procedures have become known for flame retardant equipment for the manufacture of the fabrics according to the invention Yarn with a coat of man-made fibers, the spun in Contain flame retardants, particularly preferred. Such Fibers are used in the product range of various chemicals fiber manufacturers offered. These fibers can also be found in Mixtures with other fibers are used.

The percentage of the shell substance, the invention according to between 30 and 70% depends on the desired yarn properties and your own Shafts of the invention made from these yarns according to textile fabric. A high proportion of sheath leads to a good covering of the core from example wise aromatic polyamide fibers, which in the sense of an speaking color design and a good protection of the Core against UV radiation is to be aimed for, but the Cut protection is provided with a high proportion of sheath substance Little experiments have shown that 30% core substance is not may be undercut if a cut protection is still should be guaranteed.  

The production of spun yarns is in the spinning mill technology generally known. This is particularly suitable from the textile machine factory Dr. Ernst Fehrer AG developed DREF 3 procedure. Its functionality was described in the textile literature has already been described several times (e.g. Fuchs, H., Production of multi-component yarns with the help of the friction spinning process, Melliand textile reports, Volume 64, 1983, pp. 618-622).

Production of wound yarns for the next processing to the textile surfaces according to the invention but should not be based on the DREF 3 method stay restricted. Any other method using the yarn Similar properties can be achieved Production of yarns for further processing to the fabrics according to the invention in the same way suitable.

When using the DREF 3 process, the fiber to be used for this is placed in the form of a draw frame with a belt weight of 2-3 g / m of the spinning apparatus. This conveyor belt is produced with the help of machines that are common in the three-cylinder spinning mill. Depending on the type of fiber used, it may be appropriate to subject the tapes provided for the formation of the sheath substance to a combing passage.

Fibers with one cut are particularly suitable for spinning length of 30-60 mm suitable. Such fibers are used by the Man-made fiber manufacturers offered in a variety of forms. At Using cotton it is also possible to use cotton varieties to be used with a shorter stack length.  

If wool is used to form the coat, see above they are processed on the machines of the three cylinder spinning. The name is for such tapes Woolen crest is common.

In some cases, it may be appropriate to core out a cut-resistant fiber with a double jacket be crazy. This variant is chosen especially if good coverage of the core by the cladding is placed. For example, this can be a good one To achieve light protection of the core in strong light exposed vehicle seats may be necessary. In addition, double winding is selected if on one good coverage of the inherent color of the core from aromatic Special emphasis is placed on polyamide fibers.

The same fibers are used to form the double cladding for use as for the formation of the simple coat. Each the desired effect can vary in this way be that both cladding layers of the same type of fiber being constructed. It is also possible for the outside and to use different types of fibers in the inner jacket. For example, it is useful if a strong one Exposure to light from the textiles according to the invention Fabric seat covers to be manufactured are expected must use a fiber for the inner jacket, the good sun protection, and for the outer coat to choose a fiber that is good for a offers aesthetic color design.

This is also for the formation of a double jacket DREF 3 method very well suited. This is allowed to do this sliver intended for the inner sheath together with  run the core yarn into the spinning unit. The tape for The outer coat is made in the same way as for the Formation of a simple coat fed.

The wound yarns with an aromatic poly core amide fibers or other cut-resistant fibers or Mixtures of these fibers and a single or double Coat made of easily dyeable and printable natural or chemical fibers are further transformed into textile fabrics is working. Under textile fabrics are fabrics, Knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, sewing fabrics, scrims and the like understand. What process to make textile Fabric is selected from spun yarn depends from a number of different points of view, among which the desired properties of the from the textile surfaces Form seat covers to be manufactured of particular importance are.

For covering seats in public transport fabrics are used very often. Here will continue differentiate between flat and pile fabrics. Both tissues species can be wound in a particularly suitable manner Yarns are made. Regarding the ones to be used There are no machines for the production of fabrics Limitation. All common in weaving technology and for the production of fabrics suitable for seat covers Machines can be used.

With the fabric construction it is not necessary that both thread directions consist of the same yarn. So can, for example, wound yarns with different Fiber types in the jacket are used when the subsequent coloring determined from a different  Dyeing behavior of the two types of fibers resulting in color effects are to be achieved.

Likewise, the invention is also not based on the use of spun yarns restricted in both thread directions. So can a fabric according to the invention, for example, only in a wound thread with a core in one thread direction aromatic polyamide fibers or other cut-resistant Contain fibers. The other thread direction can then be off a yarn that is not wound. Depending on the desired The cut resistance of the seat cover becomes yarn here use cut-resistant or non-cut-resistant fibers, the former in the sense of good cut protection the Preference is to be given.

The number of threads to be selected when manufacturing fabrics depends on the titer of the yarn used. So can a fabric suitable for the manufacture of seat covers for example with a yarn count of 1300 dtex 9 threads / cm contain.

There are also no special concerns regarding the weave of fabrics to make demands. The choice of binding will come up everything according to the desired tissue image.

In addition to flat fabrics, pile fabrics are also very common for those Manufacture of seat covers in public transport Use. Woven yarns can also be used for this type of fabric are used in a particularly advantageous manner.

For the manufacture of pile fabrics is usually after so-called double plush process worked. To a pole To be able to form two chains, namely one  Basic chain and a pole chain are used. The yarns the basic warp and the weft are in the finished pile fabric usually not or only slightly visible. Half can for example the basic chain and the basic shot from around spun yarns with an aromatic polyamide core fibers and a coat made of wool. For the pole chain then comes a woolen yarn from which the so-called tuft is made is used. The actual seat be stands in this case from the pile of wool yarn, which means a high seating comfort is achieved. The core of the braided Yarns made from aromatic polyamide fibers are used in this Tissue construction in a particularly advantageous manner, once through the pile, on the other hand through the covering, against Protected from light.

Of course, the invention should not be limited to the ver Use of wool for pile formation and spinning remain limited. Other suitable fibers or Fiber blends can be used in the same way for this come.

Just like fabrics, knitwear can, for example Knitted fabrics, from wound yarn for the production of Find seat covers. As with tissues Knitted fabrics can be used as flat or pile fabrics. Here are the same as those discussed for the fabrics below different constructions applicable.

During the further processing of the wound yarns to the Textile fabrics according to the invention appear special advantage of wound yarns with a core aromatic polyamide fibers. Suffer yarns that are not wound on the processing machines, for example on the  Weaving machine, always a loss of strength, which in unfavorable cases can be up to 50%. By the The core of the spun yarn is made from aromatic Protected polyamide fibers during these processing operations so that only a very small loss of strength, the usually less than 5%.

Dyeing the for the sheath substance of the wound yarn The fiber used can be in the flake, in the yarn or in Tissue. What form of presentation for dyeing is chosen depends in particular on the desired design. With the Invention made from wound yarn modern textile fabrics are all for seat covers desired designs possible, with a vote the type of fiber to be used and the areas to be selected structure on the design to be achieved got to.

The selection of dyes and treatment methods at Dyeing depends on that for the sheath of the wound yarn used fiber type or fiber mixture as well as of possibly further ver in the fabric according to the invention worked off unwound yarns. The for this Processes to be applied are in textile finishing technology known. The coloring in dark color is particularly favorable sound in terms of protecting the core of the braided Aromatic polyamide fiber yarn.

Usually the dyeing is done on the cladding layer Yarns limited because the preferred is the core of the yarn forming aromatic polyamide fibers are difficult to dye are. This also applies to other cut-resistant fibers that are used for Formation of the core of the wound yarns are used  can. If the core is also to be colored, this is the case it is possible to use spun-dyed fibers for this.

Seat covers from the textile surfaces according to the invention formations offer particularly good protection against the frequently used on public transport Vandalism as it prevents the penetration of a knife or one other sharp object the necessary resistance oppose and prevent slicing. The Ver application of the textile fabrics according to the invention for the manufacture of seats in vandalism prone Transport therefore leads to considerable costs saving as it eliminates the need to replace Sitting or seat covers very much reduced. Compared to the previous constructions it also offers the Advantage of the easier disposition of the ones to be used Fabrics used in the manufacture of vehicle seats.

Claims (17)

1. Textile fabric for the manufacture of seat covers, in particular seat covers in vehicles at risk of vandalism, characterized in that it consists of at least one thread direction from a wound yarn with a core made of a cut-resistant fiber and with at least one covering layer made of a light-colored or printable natural and / or chemical fiber and that the sheath layer is 30-70% of the total yarn. 2. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized shows that the core of the wound yarn from one Filament yarn exists. 3. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized shows that the core of the wound yarn from one Spun yarn exists.   4. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-3, characterized in that the core of the wound yarn made of aromatic polyamide fibers consists. 5. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-3, characterized in that the core of the wound yarn made of high-strength polyolefin fibers, especially from the gel spinning process produced polyethylene fibers, from glass fibers, from Metal fibers, from mixtures of these fibers or from Mixtures of these fibers with aromatic polyamide fibers consists. 6. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-5, characterized in that the single or double sheath of braided yarn Cotton, wool, viscose staple fibers, polyester spider fibers, polyamide staple fibers or polyacrylonitrile spinning fibers or mixtures of two or more of these Fibers. 7. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-6, characterized in that the wound yarn a double jacket from an inner and has an outer cladding layer and that the two Sheath layers made of different types of fibers or different fiber mixtures exist.   8. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-6, characterized in that the wound yarn a double jacket from an inner and has an outer cladding layer and that the two Sheath layers made of the same type of fiber or the same Fiber blend exist. 9. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-8, characterized in that the Jacket layer at least partially made of flame retardant equipped fibers. 10. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-8, characterized in that the jacket layer at least partially made of man-made fibers spun in flame retardant. 11. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-10, characterized in that the textile fabrics a woven fabric, a knitted fabric Thread scrim or a sewing fabric. 12. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-11, characterized in that the fabric is a pile.   13. Textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-12, characterized in that the Pile of pile fabric from a staple or Filament yarn from easily dyeable natural and / or Chemical fibers exist and that at least one of the Yarn systems of the basic goods made from wound yarns with a core of cut-resistant fibers and with one single or double coat made of easily dyeable There are natural and / or chemical fibers. 14. Textile fabric according to at least one of the Claims 1-13 for the manufacture of seat covers for vehicles at risk of vandalism. 15. Use of a textile fabric according to at least one of claims 1-13 for the Manufacture of seat covers for those at risk of vandalism Vehicles. 16. Seat cover, made from the textile fabric according to at least one of claims 1-13. 17. Vehicle seat made from a seat cover textile fabrics according to at least one of the Claims 1-13.