DE4327792A1 - Method of controlling harmful organisms in plant production - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for immunising and promoting the plants' resistance to plant diseases and to pests. To this end, plant constituents of a variety of certain plants are used for applying to the plants to be treated, either on their own or in the form of a mixture and in prepared form. These constituents are from the plants Rosa centifolia, Allium cepa, Brassica oleracea, Mahonia aquifolia, Sambucus nigra, Pelargonium odoratissimum, Rhus typhania, Hypericum perforatum and species which belong to the same genera. These plant constituents also have fungicidal, insecticidal, nematicidal and/or acaricidal properties which promote the physiological effects. Depending on the preparation, treatment of the plants with plant constituents not only promotes growth, but also prevents the adverse effects caused by diseases and pests.

Description

The present invention relates to methods for combating pests Plants and their harvested products called plants according to claim 1 be used.

It is known that the plants mentioned are versatile in medicine, folk medicine as well as being used as food or feed. It is also known that the plants mentioned are good in temperate climates Find growth conditions so that mass production of these Natural products is possible without difficulty. In addition, residual products are out usual processing processes (e.g. food, feed and Drug production) usable. It has now been found that the above Plants or their mixtures for controlling pests on plants and their crops are suitable under the plant is both the plant itself and also parts of plants in fresh, dried, processed or unprocessed form understand.

The use of residues from the manufacturing industry is particularly useful at. Applicable processing of the plants can be done in different ways getting produced.

Manufacturing examples

• A) For a cold water extract, 100 g of plant material with 10 l of water mixed, left to stand for 24 hours, stirring the mixture several times. The solid components are then separated off (filtered) and the liquid as Spray liquor used.
• B) To produce a storable pressed juice, 1 kg of mahonia fruit is used with the Fruit press squeezed. The residue is pressed twice with 500 ml of ethanol extracted and squeezed for 24 hours. The press juice and the two alcoholic Extracts are pooled. Experience has shown that the alcohol content of the product is 40-50%. To improve the stability of the solution, as well as the leaf adhesion 0.5% emulsifier added to the solution. The product can be used with Water can be diluted.
• C) 54 kg of green, shredded elderberry shoots are used three times each for 24 hours extracted a total of 48 liters of ethanol. 1% of the contained 62 liters of extract Emulsifier added. The product can be diluted with water for use become.
• D) 46 kg of onions are made according to the procedure described under C) extracted. After the extraction, a total of 15 kg sample extraction residues receive. The powdered residues are used.

For use, the plant can be converted into the usual formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions, powders, dusts, Foams, pastes, soluble powders, granules, errosols, subspension / Emulsion concentrates, seed powder, active ingredient-impregnated natural and aesthetic Fabrics, very fine encapsulation in polymeric fabrics and coating compositions for seeds in ULV cold and warm fog formulation.

These formulations are prepared in a known manner, e.g. B. by mixing the plant with diluents, i.e. liquid solvents, under pressure liquefied gases and / or solid carriers, if necessary using surface-active, ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foaming agents. If water is used as an extender can e.g. B. also used organic solvents as auxiliary solvents become. The following are essentially suitable as liquid solvents:

• a) aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzhole, Chlorethylene or methylene chloride, or
• b) Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins z. B. Petroleum fractions, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol or glycol, such as their ethers and esters, ketenes such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strong polar solvents, such as Dimethylformamit, or dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. However, this should be done the solvents mentioned under a) are not used for ecological reasons come. With liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are such Liquids are meant, which at normal temperature and under normal pressure are gaseous, e.g. B. aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons and butane Propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide; as solid carriers come into question: B. natural rock flours, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz attapulgite, Montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth and synthetic stone powder like finely divided silica, aluminum oxide and silicates; as solid carriers for Granules are possible: B. broken and fractionated natural rock like Calcite, marble pumice, sepiolfth dolomite and synthetic granules organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and Tobacco stalks, as emulsifiers and / or foaming agents are possible. e.g. B. non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, Polyoxydethylene fatty alcohol ether, e.g. B. alkylaryl polyglycol ether, alkyl sulfonates, Alkyl sulfates, arylsylfonates and protein hydrolyzates and fatty acids from saccharin, as Dispersants are possible. e.g. B. lignin sulfite and with Methyl cellulose.

Dyes, such as inorganic pigments, e.g. B. iron oxide, titanium oxide, Ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo, Metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, Boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc can be used.  

The formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95% by weight of the Plants or plant extracts preferably between 0.5 and 90%. The plants can be in the formulations or in the various Application forms in a mixture with other known mixtures are present such. B. Bactericides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, protective substances against bird feed, growth substances, plant auxiliaries, plant strengthening agents, Plant nutrients, soil structure improvers, and fungicides, e.g. B. Sulfur (network sulfur), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), lecithin.

As such, the plants can be formulated as such or as such further dilution prepared application forms, such as ready-to-use solutions, Emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes and granules and their mixtures be applied. The application is done in the usual way, e.g. B. by Pouring, diving, spraying, spraying, atomizing, vaporizing, injecting, Eating, spreading, dusting and spreading. In the treatment of Plant parts can show the plant concentrations in the application forms in can be varied over a wide range. They are generally between 100 and 0.01% by weight, preferably between 5 and 0.1%. The application rates depend on Type of desired effect between 0.1 and 50 kg of plants per hectare.

The investigations have shown that the above-mentioned Plants and their mixtures have particularly good antimicrobial, insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal effects:

Application examples 1

Efficacy against pests on roses:
The pot rose variety "Morena" was treated every 4 weeks with a spray mixture (according to production examples B and C). The spray mixture consisted in equal parts of Rosa antifolia, Allium cepa, Brassica oleracea, Mahonie aquifolia, Sambucus nigra, Pelargonium odoratissimum and Hypericum perforatum and was used at 5%.

Application examples 2

Efficacy against pathogens on cucumbers under glass: the greenhouse cucumbers were fortnightly with a 3% aqueous spray mixture (according to production example B and C) treated. The mixture consisted of 10% Rosa sp., 60% Brassica oleracea and 30% Pelargonium sp.

Example of use 3

Efficacy in soil analysis before planting roses in Commercial cultivation.

Powders according to production example D were used, and these were also used in each case 50 g / m² worked into the floor. Was evaluated according to the relative flower yield in the 2nd year.

Example of use 4

Efficacy against pests on potatoes. A 5% aqueous spray solution according to preparation example B and C (5 treatments) was used. The following plants were used:
Hyericum perforatum 20%; Allium sativum 20%, Rosa sp. 10%, Sambucus riger 30%, Mahonia aquifalia 20%.

Application example 5

Efficacy against fungal diseases on apple (Boskoop).

A 5% aqueous spray solution was used (7 treatments of 1500 l / ha) according to production examples B and C. The plants pink were used sp., Allium cepa Brassica oleracea, Berbeis vulgaris and Hyperticum perforatum equal parts each.

Preparations of the plants mentioned have been found in further investigations still effective on the following pests:

- Potato mosaic virus
- fungal diseases:
Colletotrichum sp.
Fusarium oxysporum
Verticillium dahliae

- bacterial diseases:
Erwinia amylovora
Pseudomonas solanacearum

- nematodes:
Pratylenchus penetrans
Meloidogyne sp.
Ditilenchus dipsaci

- mites:
Panonychus ulmi

- snails (repelleirit?)

- various aphids
- Thrips fabeci
- caterpillar pests
Cabbage cockroach
Small u. large cabbage white butterfly
Coal owl
- turnip wasp
- Mexican bean beetle

Claims (10)

1. Use of products from the plants Rosa centifolia, Allium cepa, Brassica oleracea, Mahonia aquifolia, Sambucus nigra, Pelargonium odoratissimum and / or Hypericum perforatum for controlling harmful organisms on plants and their harvest products. 2. Antimicrobial, insecticidal, nematicidal and acaricidal Agents contained in plants according to claim 1 for treatment of plants and their harvest products. 3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that freshly picked plants can be used. 4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that Parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, stems, fruits or Roots are used. 5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that freshly harvested plants used in shredded form become. 6. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that dried plants can be used in whole or in part. 7. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that pressed whole plants or parts thereof also in shredded form can be used. 8. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that vegetable recycling residues from processing processes of Food, feed and pharmaceutical production be used.   9. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a mixture of the plants. 10. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the plants mentioned by other members of the respective plant genus such as. B.

• - Rosa damascena, R.gallica, R. muscosa, R.chiniensis, R.arkansana, R.carolina, R.polyantha, R.floribunda, R.rugosa R.spinosissima, R.canina, R.multiflora, R.nitida , R.rubiginosa, R.rubrifolia, R.rugotida, R.virginiana, R.hugonis, R.robusta, R.moyesii, R.alba, R.foetida, R.omeiensis, R.pendulina;
• - Allium sativum, A.cernuum, A.fistulosum, A.oleraceum, A.schoenoprasum, A.tricoccum, A.tuberosum;
• - Brassica albus, B.nigra, B.napus, B.rapa, B.sinapistrum;
• - Mahonia trifoliata, Berberis vulgaris, B.aristata, B.thumbergii, B.candidula, B.hookeri, B.juliana, B. verruculosa, B. hybrido;
• - Sambucus racemosa;
• - Pelargonium hortorum, P.graveolans, P.zonale are replaceable.