DE69609473T3 - ELECTRO-SURGICAL INSTRUMENT - Google Patents
ELECTRO-SURGICAL INSTRUMENT Download PDFInfo
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- DE69609473T3 DE69609473T3 DE69609473T DE69609473T DE69609473T3 DE 69609473 T3 DE69609473 T3 DE 69609473T3 DE 69609473 T DE69609473 T DE 69609473T DE 69609473 T DE69609473 T DE 69609473T DE 69609473 T3 DE69609473 T3 DE 69609473T3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1485—Probes or electrodes therefor having a short rigid shaft for accessing the inner body through natural openings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1482—Probes or electrodes therefor having a long rigid shaft for accessing the inner body transcutaneously in minimal invasive surgery, e.g. laparoscopy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B2018/1246—Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity
- A61B2018/126—Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity bipolar
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1472—Probes or electrodes therefor for use with liquid electrolyte, e.g. virtual electrodes
Description
Diese Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein elektrochirurgisches Instrument für die Behandlung von Gewebe in der Gegenwart eines elektrisch leitenden Fluids und auf ein eine derartige Vorrichtung einschließendes elektrochirurgisches Apparatesystem.These The invention relates to an electrosurgical instrument for treatment tissue in the presence of an electrically conductive fluid and to an electrosurgical device including such a device Apparatus system.
Die endoskopische Elektrochirurgie ist für das Behandeln von Gewebe in Körperhöhlen brauchbar und wird normalerweise in der Gegenwart eines Dehnmediums ausgeführt. Wenn das Dehnmedium eine Flüssigkeit ist, wird diese gemeinhin als Unterwasserelektrochirurgie bezeichnet, wobei dieser Ausdruck eine Elektrochirurgie bezeichnet, bei der lebendes Gewebe mittels eines elektrochirurgischen Instrumentes mit einer Behandlungselektrode oder in Flüssigkeit an der Operationsstelle eingetauchten Elektroden behandelt wird. Ein gasförmiges Medium wird gemeinhin eingesetzt, wenn die endoskopische Chirurgie in einer dehnbaren Körperhöhle mit einem größeren möglichen Volumen ausgeführt wird, in der ein flüssiges Medium ungeeignet ist, wie es oft bei der laparoskopischen oder gastroenterologen Chirurgie der Fall ist.The Endoscopic electrosurgery is for treating tissue useful in body cavities and is usually carried out in the presence of a stretching medium. If the expansion medium is a liquid is commonly referred to as underwater electrosurgery, this term refers to electrosurgery in which live Tissue by means of an electrosurgical instrument with a Treatment electrode or in liquid treated at the surgical site electrodes is treated. A gaseous Medium is commonly used when performing endoscopic surgery in a distensible body cavity with a larger possible Volume executed becomes, in which a liquid Medium is unsuitable, as is often the case with laparoscopic or Gastroenterologist surgery is the case.
Eine Unterwasserchirurgie wird gemeinhin unter Verwenden endoskopischer Techniken ausgeführt, wobei das Endoskop selbst eine Röhre (gemeinhin als Arbeitskanal bezeichnet) zum Durchführen einer Elektrode bereitstellen kann. Wahlweise kann das Endoskop speziell daran angepaßt sein (wie bei einem Resektoskop), Mittel zum Befestigen einer Elektrode einzuschließen, oder die Elektrode kann über ein getrenntes Zugangsmittel unter einem Winkel bezüglich des Endoskops in eine Körperhöhle eingeführt werden – eine Technik, die gemeinhin als Triangulation bezeichnet wird. Diese Änderungen bei der Technik können in eine chirurgische Besonderheit unterteilt werden, wo bei einem vorgegebenen Zugangsweg zu der speziellen Körperhöhle die eine oder andere Technik besondere Vorteile aufweist. Endoskope mit integralen Arbeitskanälen oder die als Resektoskope gekennzeichneten werden im allgemeinen eingesetzt, wenn die Körperhöhle durch eine natürliche Körperöffnung zugänglich ist – wie etwa der Zervixkanal zum Zugang zur Endometriumshöhle des Uterus oder die Harnröhre zum Zugang zur Prostata und der Blase. Speziell zur Verwendung in der Endometriumshöhle ausgelegte Endoskope werden als Hysteroskope bezeichnet und die zur Verwendung im Harnweg ausgelegten schließen Zystoskope, Urethroskope und Resektoskope ein. Die Verfahren der transurethalen Resektion oder Verdampfung der Prostata sind als TURP beziehungsweise EVAP bekannt. Wenn es keine natürliche Körperöffnung gibt, durch die ein Endoskop geführt werden kann, wird gemeinhin die Triangulationstechnik eingesetzt. Die Triangulation wird gemeinhin während der endoskopischen Unterwasserchirurgie bei Gelenkhöhlen wie etwa dem Knie und der Schulter verwendet. Das bei diesen Verfahren verwendete Endoskop wird gemeinhin als Arthroskop bezeichnet.A Underwater surgery is commonly using endoscopic Running techniques the endoscope itself is a tube (commonly referred to as a working channel) for performing a Can provide electrode. Optionally, the endoscope can be special adapted to it be (as in a resectoscope), means for attaching an electrode include, or the electrode can over a separate access means at an angle with respect to Endoscopes are inserted into a body cavity - a technique commonly referred to as triangulation. These changes in the technique can be divided into a surgical specialty, where at one predetermined access route to the special body cavity one or the other technique has special advantages. Endoscopes with integral working channels or those identified as resectoscopes are generally used when the body cavity is through a natural one Body opening is accessible - such as the Cervical canal for access to the endometrial cavity of the uterus or the urethra Access to the prostate and bladder. Specially designed for use in the endometrial cavity Endoscopes are referred to as hysteroscopes and those for use close in the urinary tract Cystoscopes, urethroscopes and resectoscopes. The procedures of Transurethral resection or vaporization of the prostate are considered TURP or EVAP known. If there is no natural body opening, guided by an endoscope The triangulation technique is commonly used. The Triangulation is commonly used during Endoscopic underwater surgery in joint cavities such as used about the knee and the shoulder. That with these procedures used endoscope is commonly referred to as an arthroscope.
Die Elektrochirurgie wird üblicherweise durch Verwenden entweder einer monopolaren Vorrichtung oder einer bipolaren Vorrichtung durchgeführt. Bei der monopolaren Elektrochirurgie wird im Operationsbereich eine aktive Elektrode verwendet und eine leitfähige Rückführungsplatte wird an der Haut des Patienten befestigt. Bei dieser Anordnung fließt Strom von der aktiven Elektrode durch das Gewebe des Patienten zur äußeren Rückführungsplatte. Da der Patient einen bedeutenden Teil des Stromkreises darstellt, müssen die Stromeingangswerte zum Kompensieren der Widerstandsstrombegrenzung des Patientengewebes und im Falle der Unterwasser-Elekrochirurgie von Stromverlusten aufgrund des Fluids, das durch die Anwesenheit von Blut oder anderen Körperfluiden teilweise leitend gemacht wird, hoch (typischerweise 150 bis 250 Watt) sein. Das Verwenden eines hohen Stromes bei einer monopolaren Anordnung ist ebenfalls gefährlich, was auf die Gewebeerwärmung zurückzuführen ist, die an der Rückführungsplatte auftritt, was schwere Hautverbrennungen verursachen kann. Es besteht ferner das Risiko einer kapazitiven Kopplung zwischen der Vorrichtung und dem Patientengewebe am Eintrittspunkt in die Körperhöhle.The Electrosurgery is usually performed by Use either a monopolar device or a bipolar device Device performed. In monopolar electrosurgery in the operating area is a active electrode is used and a conductive return plate is attached to the skin attached to the patient. In this arrangement, current flows from the active electrode through the patient's tissue to the outer return plate. Since the patient represents a significant part of the circuit, have to the current input values to compensate for the resistance current limit patient tissue and in the case of underwater electrosurgery of power losses due to the fluid caused by the presence of blood or other body fluids is made partially conductive, high (typically 150 to 250 Watt). Using a high current in a monopolar Arrangement is also dangerous what about the tissue warming is due the at the return plate occurs, which can cause severe skin burns. It also exists the risk of capacitive coupling between the device and the patient tissue at the entry point into the body cavity.
Bei der bipolaren Elektrochirurgie wird ein Elektrodenpaar (eine aktive Elektrode und eine Rückführungselektrode) zusammen an der Gewebeanwendungsstelle verwendet. Diese Anordnung weist aufgrund der relativen Nähe der beiden Elektroden, so daß Hochfrequenzströme auf den Bereich zwischen den Elektroden begrenzt sind, unter dem Sicherheits standpunkt Vorteile auf. Die Wirkungstiefe ist jedoch direkt vom Abstand zwischen den beiden Elektroden abhängig und bei Anwendungen, die sehr kleine Elektroden erfordern, wird der Abstand zwischen den Elektroden sehr klein, wodurch die Gewebewirkung und der Ausgangsstrom begrenzt werden. Ein weiteres Auseinanderrücken der Elektroden verdeckt oft die Sicht auf die Anwendungsstelle und erfordert eine Abänderung der chirurgischen Technik, um den direkten Kontakt beider Elektroden mit dem Gewebe sicherzustellen.at Bipolar electrosurgery involves a pair of electrodes (an active pair) Electrode and a return electrode) used together at the tissue application site. This arrangement has due to the relative proximity the two electrodes, so that high frequency currents on the Area between the electrodes are limited, under the safety point of view Advantages. However, the depth of effect is directly from the distance between dependent on the two electrodes and in applications that require very small electrodes the distance between the electrodes is very small, reducing the tissue effect and the output current can be limited. Another divergence of the Electrodes often obscure the view of the application site and requires a change the surgical technique to direct contact of both electrodes to ensure with the tissue.
Es gibt eine Anzahl Änderungen an der Grundausführung der bipolaren Sonde. Die US-A-4 706 667 beschreibt zum Beispiel eine der Grundausführungen, nämlich daß das Verhältnis der Kontaktflächen der Rückführungselektrode und der aktiven Elektrode zu Schneidzwecken größer als 7:1 und kleiner als 20:1 ist. Dieser Bereich bezieht sich nur auf Schneidelektrodenanordnungen. Wenn eine bipolare Vorrichtung zur Desikkation oder Koagulation verwendet wird, kann das Verhältnis der Kontaktflächen der beiden Elektroden auf ungefähr 1:1 verringert werden, um an der Berührung zwischen dem Gewebe und der Elektrode auftretende unterschiedliche elektrische Belastungen zu vermeiden.There are a number of changes to the basic design of the bipolar probe. For example, US-A-4,706,667 describes one of the basic designs, namely that the ratio of the contact surfaces of the return electrode and the active electrode for cutting purposes is greater than 7: 1 and less than 20: 1. This area only applies to cutting electrode arrangements. When a bipolar device is used for desiccation or coagulation, the ratio of the contact areas of the two electrodes can be reduced to about 1: 1 to avoid different electrical loads occurring at the contact between the tissue and the electrode.
Die Vorrichtung der US-A-4 706 667 weist eine koaxiale Elektrodenanordnung mit einer in einem Isoliermantel untergebrachten aktiven Elektrode auf, wobei die beiden innerhalb einer röhrenförmigen Rückführungselektrode axial verschiebbar sind und der Mantel als radiale räumliche Trennung der Rückführungselektrode von der aktiven Elektrode wirkt. Die aktive Elektrode weist einen nadelartigen, freigelegten Behandlungsabschnitt auf, der über den Isoliermantel hinaus und in Operationsstellung über die Rückführungselektrode hinausragt, so daß bei Gebrauch Strom direkt von einer Elektrode zu der anderen durch das zu schneidende Gewebe fließt. Sowohl der freigelegte Behandlungsabschnitt der aktiven Elektrode als auch das Ende der röhrenförmigen Rückführungselektrode berühren das Gewebe.The Apparatus of US-A-4 706 667 has a coaxial electrode arrangement with an active electrode housed in an insulating jacket, the two being axially displaceable within a tubular return electrode and the jacket as a radial spatial separation of the return electrode from the active electrode acts. The active electrode has a Needle-like, exposed treatment section on the Insulating jacket out and in the operating position protrudes beyond the return electrode, so that at Use electricity directly from one electrode to the other through the tissue to be cut flows. Both the exposed treatment section of the active electrode as well as the end of the tubular return electrode touch the tissue.
Die elektrische Verbindung zwischen der Rückführungselektrode und dem Gewebe kann durch Anfeuchten des Gewebes durch eine leitfähige Lösung wie etwa normale Kochsalzlösung unterstützt werden. Dies stellt sicher, daß die chirurgische Wirkung auf die Nadel oder aktive Elektrode begrenzt ist, wobei der elektrische Stromkreis zwischen den beiden Elektroden durch das Gewebe vervollständigt wird. Eine offensichtli che Einschränkung der Konstruktion ist, daß die Nadel vollständig im Gewebe verborgen sein muß, damit die Rückführungselektrode den Stromkreis vervollständigen kann. Ein weiteres Problem ist eines der Ausrichtung: selbst eine verhältnismäßig kleine Änderung des Anwendungswinkels vom idealen senkrechten Kontakt bezüglich der Gewebeoberfläche ändert das Verhältnis der Kontaktflächen, so daß bei der Berührung mit der Rückführungselektrode eine chirurgische Wirkung im Gewebe auftreten kann.The electrical connection between the return electrode and the tissue can be done by moistening the tissue with a conductive solution like about normal saline get supported. This ensures that the limited surgical effect on the needle or active electrode is where the electrical circuit between the two electrodes completed by the tissue. An obvious limitation the construction is that the Needle complete must be hidden in the tissue, so that the return electrode complete the circuit can. Another problem is one of alignment: even a relatively small change the application angle of the ideal vertical contact with respect to Tissue surface changes that relationship the contact surfaces, so that at the touch with the return electrode a surgical effect can occur in the tissue.
Eine weitere bipolare Vorrichtung wird in der WO-A-93/19681 offenbart. In diesem Fall umfassen die aktive und die Rückführungselektrode nebeneinander befindliche, parallele Stäbe mit entsprechenden freigelegten distalen Endabschnitten, die sich in gleicher Richtung erstrecken, so daß beide das zu schneidende Gewebe gleichzeitig berühren.A another bipolar device is disclosed in WO-A-93/19681. In this case, the active and return electrodes comprise side by side located, parallel bars with corresponding exposed distal end portions extending extend in the same direction, so that both the to be cut Touch tissue at the same time.
Die WO-A-94-26228 offenbart ein elektrochirurgisches Instrument, welches ein chirurgisches Schneidverfahren betrifft.The WO-A-94-26228 discloses an electrosurgical instrument which relates to a surgical cutting process.
Eine Dehnung der Höhle liefert den Raum, um Zugang zur Operationsstelle zu gewinnen, die Sicht zu verbessern und die Handhabung von Vorrichtungen zu erlauben. In Körperhöhlen mit niedrigem Volumen, insbesondere wo es erwünscht ist, die Höhlung unter höherem Druck auszudehnen, wird aufgrund der besseren optischen Eigenschaften und weil sie Blut von der Operationsstelle abwäscht, gebräuchlicher Flüssigkeit statt Gas verwendet.A Stretching the cave provides the space to gain access to the surgical site, the view to improve and allow the handling of devices. In body cavities with low volume, especially where it is desired, the cavity below higher Expanding pressure is due to the better optical properties and because it washes blood from the surgical site, a common fluid used instead of gas.
Die herkömmliche Unterwasser-Elektrochirurgie ist mittels einer nichtleitenden Flüssigkeit (wie etwa 1,5% Glycin) als Spülmittel oder als Dehnmedium zum Ausschalten eines elektrischen Leitungsverlustes ausgeführt worden. Glycin wird in isotonen Konzentrationen verwendet, um im Blut osmotische Änderungen zu verhindern, wenn eine intravaskuläre Absorption auftritt. Im Verlauf einer Operation können Venen mit einer daraus folgenden Infusion der Flüssigkeit in den Kreislauf abgetrennt werden, was unter anderem eine Verdünnung des Natriums im Serum bewirken könnte, was zu einem als Wasserintoxikation bekannten Zustand führen kann.The conventional Underwater electrosurgery is by means of a non-conductive fluid (such as 1.5% glycine) as a rinse or as an expansion medium for switching off an electrical line loss accomplished Service. Glycine is used in isotonic concentrations to form in the Blood osmotic changes to prevent when intravascular absorption occurs. in the Course of surgery can veins separated with a consequent infusion of the liquid into the circulation which, inter alia, causes a dilution of sodium in the serum could, which may lead to a condition known as water intoxication.
Die Anmelder haben gefunden, daß es möglich ist, ein leitfähiges, flüssiges Medium wie etwa normale Kochsalzlösung bei der endoskopischen Unterwasser-Elektrochirurgie anstelle nichtleitender, elektrolytfreier Lösungen zu verwenden. Normale Kochsalzlösung ist das bevorzugte Dehnungsmedium bei der endoskopischen Unterwasser-Chirurgie, wenn keine Elektrochirurgie beabsichtigt wird oder eine nicht-elektrische Gewebewirkung wie etwa eine Laserbehandlung verwendet wird. Obschon normale Kochsalzlösung (0,9% Gew./Vol.; 150 mMol/l) eine etwas größere elektrische Leitfähigkeit als die des meisten Körpergewebes aufweist, hat sie den Vorteil, daß eine Verdrängung von der Operationsstelle durch Absorption oder Extravasion eine geringe physiologische Wirkung erzeugt und die sogenannten Wasserintoxikationswirkungen nicht-leitender, elektrolytfreier Lösungen vermieden werden.The Applicants have found that it possible is, a conductive, liquid medium like normal saline in endoscopic underwater electrosurgery instead of non-conductive, electrolyte-free solutions to use. Normal saline is the preferred stretch medium in endoscopic underwater surgery when No electrosurgery is intended or a non-electrical tissue effect how a laser treatment is used. Although normal saline (0.9%) Gew./Vol .; 150 mmol / l) a slightly greater electrical conductivity as that of most body tissue has the advantage that a displacement of The surgical site by absorption or extravasion a small produced physiological effect and the so-called Wasserintoxikationswirkungen non-conductive, electrolyte-free solutions can be avoided.
Die Anmelder haben eine für die Unterwasser-Elektrochirurgie unter Verwenden eines leitfähigen, flüssigen Mediums geeignete bipolare Vorrichtung entwickelt. Ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung ist wie in dem diese Beschreibung begleitenden Anspruch 1 definiert. Ein zweiter Aspekt der Erfindung ist wie in Anspruch 12 definiert, der sich auf ein elekrochirurgisches System bezieht, das eine Vorrichtung und einen Generator einschließt. Einige der bevorzugten Merkmale der unterschiedlichen Aspekte der Erfindung werden in den abhängigen Ansprüchen dargelegt.The Applicants have a for underwater electrosurgery using a conductive, liquid medium suitable bipolar device developed. A first aspect of Invention is as in the accompanying this specification claim 1 defined. A second aspect of the invention is as claimed 12, which relates to an electrosurgical system, which includes a device and a generator. Some the preferred features of the different aspects of the invention become dependent claims explained.
Die Elektrodenstruktur dieser Vorrichtung vermeidet in Kombination mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Fluid großteils die bei der monopolaren oder bipolaren Elektrochirurgie erfahrenen Probleme. Insbesondere sind die Eingangsstromwerte viel geringer als die, die im allgemeinen bei einer monopolaren Anordnung notwendig sind (typischerweise 100 Watt). Wegen des verhältnismäßig großen Abstands zwischen ihren Elektroden wird weiterhin verglichen mit herkömmlichen bipolaren Anordnungen eine verbesserte Wirkungstiefe erhalten.The Electrode structure of this device avoids in combination with an electrically conductive Fluid mostly experienced in monopolar or bipolar electrosurgery Problems. In particular, the input current values are much lower than those that are generally necessary in a monopolar arrangement are (typically 100 watts). Because of the relatively large gap between theirs Electrodes are further compared to conventional bipolar arrangements obtained an improved depth of effect.
Die Erfindung wird nun durch Beispiele unter Bezug auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben, worin:The Invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings in which:
Unter
Bezug auf die Zeichnungen zeigt
Die
Vorrichtung muß kein
Handstück
einschließen,
kann aber einfach einen Anschluß zum Befestigen
an einer anderen Vorrichtung wie etwa einem Resektoskop aufweisen.
In
Die
Elektrodeneinheit
In
einer in
Die
Elektrodenanordnung
Tatsächlich ist
die in
Die axiale Entfernung der Elektroden gestattet eine als Durchmesser ausgedrückte sehr feine Elektrodenstruktur, da der Isolationsweg beträchtlich länger als eine bipolare Elektrode mit bloß einer radialen Entfernung zwischen freigelegten Elektrodenoberflächen ist. Dies gestattet das Verwenden höherer Ströme als bei herkömmlichen Elektrodenstrukturen ohne das Hervorrufen unerwünschter Überschläge oder im Falle einer elektrochirurgischen Schneide- oder Verdampfungsbehandlung ohne das Hervorrufen einer Beschädigung der Elektrodeneinheit aufgrund übermäßiger Überschläge bei hohen Temperaturen.The axial removal of the electrodes allows one as a diameter expressed very fine electrode structure, since the isolation path considerably longer than a bipolar electrode with only one radial distance between exposed electrode surfaces. This allows using higher currents than at usual Electrode structures without causing unwanted flashovers or in the case of electrosurgical Cutting or evaporating treatment without inducing a damage the electrode unit due to excessive flashovers at high Temperatures.
Die dargestellte besondere versetzte Anordnung liefert dem Chirurgen eine Ansicht der Elektrodenspitze für den Gewebekontakt und gestattet einen großen Bereich angewandter Winkel bezüglich der Gewebeoberfläche, was bei dem für die endoskopische Chirurgie eingeschränkten Raum besonders wichtig ist.The illustrated special staggered arrangement provides the surgeon a view of the electrode tip for the tissue contact and allows one huge Range of applied angles with respect to Fabric surface, what with the for The endoscopic limited space surgery is especially important is.
Unter
Bezug auf
Die
Elektrodenanordnung
Wenn
die Elektrodeneinheit von
Wenn
sich aus den Dampfblasen eine Dampftasche bildet, liegt an der restlichen
Elektrode/Kochsalzlösung-Zwischenfläche eine
Erhöhung der
Stromdichte vor. Es gibt jedoch eine freigelegte Fläche der
aktiven Elektrodenspitze
Der
Bereich der Kurve zwischen den Punkten „B" und „C" stellt daher die Obergrenze des Desikkationsmodus
dar. Im Verdampfungsgleichgewichtszustand nimmt die Impedanz rasch
auf etwa 1000 Ohm zu, wobei der Absolutwert von den Systemvariablen
abhängt.
Die Dampf tasche wird dann durch Entladungen über die Dampftasche zwischen der
aktiven Elektrodenspitze
Das
Steuern des Generatorstroms zum Erzielen der gewünschten Desikkation, des Gewebeschneidens
und der Verdampfungsfunktionen wird durch Erfassen der zwischen
den Ausgangsverbindungen des Generators auftretenden HF-Spitzenspannung
und durch rasches Verringern des gelieferten Ausgangsstromes, immer
wenn eine vorgewählte Spitzenspannungsschwelle
erreicht wird, durchgeführt.
In einem Desikkationsmodus ist wenigstens diese Stromverringerung
bedeutend größer als
die, die nur dazu benötigt
wird, die Ausgangsspitzenspannung unter diese Schwelle zu bringen.
Vorzugsweise ist die Stromverringerung wenigstens 50%, um aus der
vorstehend unter Bezug auf
Unter
Bezug auf
In
der bevorzugten Ausführungsform
arbeitet der HF-Oszillator
Im
Betrieb bewirkt der Mikroprozessorkontroller
Wenn
der Generator zuerst aktiviert wird, ist der Zustand des Steuer eingangs
Die
Ausgangsspannung des Generators ist für die Betriebsart wichtig.
Tatsächlich
werden die Ausgangsweisen allein durch die Ausgangsspannung, insbesondere
die Spitzenausgangsspannung definiert. Das absolute Maß der Ausgangsspannung ist
nur für
eine Mehrfachsteuerung notwendig. Es kann jedoch bei diesem Generator
eine einfache Einzelsteuerung (d.h. unter Verwenden einer Steuervariablen)
verwendet werden, um die Ausgangsspannung auf vorbestimmte Grenzspannungen
zu begrenzen. So vergleicht der in
Die
maximale Stromaufnahme geht mit dem Elektrodenzustand einher, der
unmittelbar vor der Dampfblasenbildung besteht, da dies mit dem
maxi malen Leistungsverlust und der größten befeuchteten Elektrodenfläche einhergeht.
Es ist daher erwünscht,
daß die
Elektrode für
das maximale Desikkationsvermögen
in ihrem angefeuchteten Zustand verbleibt. Die Verwendung eines
Spannungsgrenzennachweises führt
zu einer Stromverringerung, die es den Dampfblasen erlaubt, zusammenzufallen, was
wiederum die Fähigkeit
der aktiven Elektrode, Strom aufzunehmen, erhöht. Aus diesem Grund schließt der Generator
einen Steuerkreis mit einem hohen Überschwingen ein, indem die
Rückkopplungsanregung
der die vordefinierte Schwelle erreichenden Spitzenspannung durch
Bewirken einer Verringerung der Ausgangsspitzenspannung auf einen
Wert bedeutend unter dem durch den Schwellendetektor
Weitere Einzelheiten des Generators und seines Betriebs werden in der Beschreibung unserer europäischen Patentanmeldung Nr. 96 304 558.8 (EP-A-754 437) beschrieben.Further Details of the generator and its operation are in the description our European Patent Application No. 96 304 558.8 (EP-A-754 437).
Im
Lichte des Vorstehenden ist offensichtlich, daß die Elektrodeneinheit von
Die
Elektrodenanordnung
Bei
Gebrauch wird die Elektrodenanordnung
Das
Körpergewebe
Die
Erfindung weist eine besondere Anwendung beim Austrocknen von Gewebe
auf. Zur Gewebedesikkation ist ein bevorzugter Weg das Berühren des
Gewebes mit nur einem Teil der aktiven Elektrode, während der
Rest der aktiven Elektrode vom Gewebe entfernt und von Kochsalzlösung umgeben bleibt,
so daß Strom über die
Kochsalzlösung
von der aktiven zur Rückführungselektrode
fließen
kann, ohne durch das Gewebe hindurchzugehen. Zum Beispiel berührt in der
in
Die
Erfindung kann eine Desikkation ohne oder mit geringfügigem Verkohlen
des Gewebes erzielen. Wenn die aktive Elektrode
Bei
der in
Bei
der in
Es
werden nun unter Bezug auf
Zur
genaueren Erörterung
des Betriebs der Elektrode, wenn die Elektrodeneinheit im Gewebeschneid-
oder Verdampfungsmodus betrieben wird, bildet sich um den Behandlungsabschnitt
Eine
weitere Erwägung
ist die Möglichkeit, daß sich eine
Dampftasche nur über
einem Teil des freigelegten Behandlungsabschnitts
Das teilweise Umhüllen des Behandlungsabschnitts der aktiven Elektrode kann zum Großteil dadurch vermieden werden, daß das Verhältnis der Länge des Leitungsweges zwischen dem am weitesten entfernten Punkt des Behandlungsabschnitts der aktiven Elektrode und der Länge des kürzesten Leitungsweges zwischen dem Behandlungsabschnitt der aktiven Elektrode und der Fluidkontaktoberfläche weniger als oder gleich 2:1 ist, d. h. b/(a + c) ≤ 2.The partially wrap of the treatment section of the active electrode can largely thereby be avoided that the relationship the length the conduction path between the furthest point of the Treatment section of the active electrode and the length of the shortest Conduction path between the treatment section of the active electrode and the fluid contact surface less than or equal to 2: 1, d. H. b / (a + c) ≤ 2.
Unter
einigen Umständen
wird gefunden, daß die
Leitungsweglänge
zwischen der aktiven und Rückführungselektrode
zu lang ist, um eine Verdampfung des leitenden Fluids aufgrund der
daraus folgenden, durch das Fluid dargestellten großen seriellen
Impedanz zu erlauben. Ein zu großer Spannungsabfall kann dazu
führen,
daß eine
voreingestellte Spannungsschwelle erreicht wird, bevor eine Verdampfung
erzielt werden kann. Vorzugsweise ist dann das Verhältnis der
größten Leitungsweglänge zu der
ringförmigen
Umfangslänge
der Fluidkontaktoberfläche
der Rückführungselektrode
nicht mehr als 1,43:1. Im Falle einer zylindrischen Fluidkontaktoberfläche, die
mit der aktiven Elektrode koaxial ist, ist das Verhältnis der
größten Leitungsweglänge zum Fluidkontaktoberflächendurchmesser
geringer als oder gleich 4,5:1. Somit ist unter Bezug auf
Die
hauptsächliche
Verwendung der in
Alternative
Konfigurationen der aktiven Elektrode schließen das Ausbilden des freigelegten
Behandlungsabschnitts
Eine
weitere, in
Bei
den Ausführungsformen
8, 9 und 10 ist zu erkennen, daß die
Abmessungen a, b, c, d derart sind, daß sie unter die vorstehend
beschriebenen Verhältnisgrenzen
fallen. Weiterhin kann in jedem Fall die Elektrodenanordnung als
eine Behandlungsachse
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9512888 | 1995-06-23 | ||
GBGB9512888.0A GB9512888D0 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1995-06-23 | An electrosurgical generator |
GB9512889 | 1995-06-23 | ||
GBGB9512889.8A GB9512889D0 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1995-06-23 | An electrosurgical instrument |
GB9600355 | 1996-01-09 | ||
GBGB9600352.0A GB9600352D0 (en) | 1996-01-09 | 1996-01-09 | Electrosurgical instrument |
GBGB9600355.3A GB9600355D0 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-01-09 | Electrosurgical instrument |
GB9600352 | 1996-01-09 | ||
PCT/GB1996/001473 WO1997000647A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-20 | An electrosurgical instrument |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69609473D1 DE69609473D1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
DE69609473T2 DE69609473T2 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
DE69609473T3 true DE69609473T3 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
Family
ID=27451303
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69634014T Expired - Lifetime DE69634014T2 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-20 | Electrosurgical device |
DE69609473T Expired - Lifetime DE69609473T3 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-20 | ELECTRO-SURGICAL INSTRUMENT |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69634014T Expired - Lifetime DE69634014T2 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-20 | Electrosurgical device |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6004319A (en) |
EP (2) | EP0771176B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3798022B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100463935B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1095641C (en) |
AR (1) | AR002570A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU710619B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9609421A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2224858C (en) |
DE (2) | DE69634014T2 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2233239T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL122713A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997000647A1 (en) |
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- 1996-06-20 DE DE69634014T patent/DE69634014T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 DE DE69609473T patent/DE69609473T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 EP EP96918768A patent/EP0771176B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 ES ES00110410T patent/ES2233239T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 EP EP00110410A patent/EP1025807B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 AU AU61321/96A patent/AU710619B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-06-20 ES ES96918768T patent/ES2150676T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 US US08/702,512 patent/US6004319A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 CN CN96196280A patent/CN1095641C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 BR BR9609421A patent/BR9609421A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-20 WO PCT/GB1996/001473 patent/WO1997000647A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-20 IL IL12271396A patent/IL122713A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-20 JP JP50366497A patent/JP3798022B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-20 KR KR1019970709680A patent/KR100463935B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-20 CA CA002224858A patent/CA2224858C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-21 AR ARP960103276A patent/AR002570A1/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-03-27 US US09/049,728 patent/US6056746A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0771176B2 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
DE69634014T2 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
AR002570A1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
EP0771176B1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
CA2224858A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
KR100463935B1 (en) | 2005-05-16 |
US6004319A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
JPH11507857A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
EP1025807A2 (en) | 2000-08-09 |
JP3798022B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
AU710619B2 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
EP0771176A1 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
CA2224858C (en) | 2006-11-14 |
DE69634014D1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
US6056746A (en) | 2000-05-02 |
AU6132196A (en) | 1997-01-22 |
CN1095641C (en) | 2002-12-11 |
ES2150676T3 (en) | 2000-12-01 |
IL122713A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
WO1997000647A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
MX9800249A (en) | 1998-07-31 |
ES2233239T3 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
BR9609421A (en) | 1999-05-18 |
EP1025807B1 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
DE69609473D1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
EP1025807A3 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
ES2150676T5 (en) | 2006-04-16 |
CN1193268A (en) | 1998-09-16 |
DE69609473T2 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
KR19990028364A (en) | 1999-04-15 |
IL122713A0 (en) | 1998-08-16 |
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