DE69634931D1 - Polyimidschicht zur verbesserung der winkeligkeit - Google Patents
Polyimidschicht zur verbesserung der winkeligkeitInfo
- Publication number
- DE69634931D1 DE69634931D1 DE69634931T DE69634931T DE69634931D1 DE 69634931 D1 DE69634931 D1 DE 69634931D1 DE 69634931 T DE69634931 T DE 69634931T DE 69634931 T DE69634931 T DE 69634931T DE 69634931 D1 DE69634931 D1 DE 69634931D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cranescreen
- improving
- polyimide layer
- polyimide
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1082—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the tetracarboxylic moiety
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/027—Polyimide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/027—Polyimide
- C09K2323/0271—Polyimidfluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31721—Of polyimide
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US652886 | 1996-05-23 | ||
US08/652,886 US5750641A (en) | 1996-05-23 | 1996-05-23 | Polyimide angularity enhancement layer |
PCT/US1996/015273 WO1997044704A1 (en) | 1996-05-23 | 1996-09-24 | Polyimide angularity enhancement layer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69634931D1 true DE69634931D1 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
DE69634931T2 DE69634931T2 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
Family
ID=24618611
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69634931T Expired - Fee Related DE69634931T2 (de) | 1996-05-23 | 1996-09-24 | Polyimidschicht zur verbesserung der winkeligkeit |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US5750641A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0900406B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3817604B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1219247A (de) |
AU (1) | AU7369996A (de) |
DE (1) | DE69634931T2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997044704A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (83)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5907378A (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1999-05-25 | Ois Optical Imaging Systems, Inc. | Normally white twisted nematic liquid crystal display including retardation films for improving viewing characteristics |
US5750641A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1998-05-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polyimide angularity enhancement layer |
US6426372B1 (en) | 1998-07-22 | 2002-07-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of producing porous calcined polyimide |
DE69914717T2 (de) * | 1998-08-28 | 2005-01-05 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Farbige polymer-dünnschicht, farbfilter und flüssigkristallanzeige |
US6399958B1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2002-06-04 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Apparatus for visual inspection during device analysis |
US6592980B1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2003-07-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Mesoporous films having reduced dielectric constants |
US6365266B1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2002-04-02 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Mesoporous films having reduced dielectric constants |
KR100810546B1 (ko) * | 2000-06-15 | 2008-03-18 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 | 삼차원 광학 소자의 가공 방법 |
US7026103B2 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2006-04-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multicolor imaging using multiphoton photochemical processes |
AU2001266919A1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multipass multiphoton absorption method and apparatus |
JP4786858B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-15 | 2011-10-05 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 封入光学素子を提供するための多光子硬化 |
US6852766B1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2005-02-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multiphoton photosensitization system |
JP2004503928A (ja) * | 2000-06-15 | 2004-02-05 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 多方向光反応吸収方法 |
WO2001096958A2 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Process for producing microfluidic articles |
US6887525B2 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2005-05-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Insulation material for use in high-frequency electronic parts |
US6391932B1 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2002-05-21 | Shipley Company, L.L.C. | Porous materials |
US6392004B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2002-05-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polyimides for high-frequency applications |
US6417321B1 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-07-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Cured fluorenyl polyimides |
JP2002173640A (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-21 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | ポリイミド含有コーティング組成物及びそれから形成されたフィルム |
US20040012872A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2004-01-22 | Fleming Patrick R | Multiphoton absorption method using patterned light |
US7057009B2 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2006-06-06 | University Of Rochester | Light-emitting organic oligomer compositions |
US7074344B2 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2006-07-11 | Jsr Corporation | Liquid crystal aligning agent and liquid crystal display element |
DE60201237T2 (de) * | 2001-10-16 | 2005-10-13 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optischen E durch Flüssigkristallschicht-Struktlements durch Bemustern von Flüssigkristallfilmen |
JP2003306558A (ja) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-10-31 | Nitto Denko Corp | 光学フィルムとその製造方法、および光学素子、画像表示装置 |
WO2003062875A1 (fr) | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-31 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Film optique, plaque de polarisation multicouche, affichage a cristaux liquides les comprenant, et affichage a emission spontanee |
US6819382B2 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2004-11-16 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Method for producing substrate of liquid crystal cell and method for producing liquid crystal panel |
WO2003071318A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-28 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Couche de compensation optique progressive, procede permettant de produire cette couche et ecran a cristaux liquides comprenant cette couche |
WO2003091767A1 (fr) | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Procede de production d'un film birefringent |
JP2004004150A (ja) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-01-08 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 積層位相差フィルム及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
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US6964795B2 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2005-11-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Multilayer optical compensator, liquid crystal display, and process |
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US7794831B2 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2010-09-14 | Vampire Optical Coating, Inc. | Anti-reflective coating |
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TWI649591B (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2019-02-01 | 南韓商Skc股份有限公司 | 偏光件用保護膜、包含該膜之偏光板及具有該偏光板之顯示裝置 |
US10656462B2 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2020-05-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
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TWI710585B (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-11-21 | 奇美實業股份有限公司 | 液晶配向劑、液晶配向膜及液晶顯示元件 |
JP2019049661A (ja) * | 2017-09-11 | 2019-03-28 | シャープ株式会社 | 配向膜、液晶パネル及び液晶パネルの製造方法 |
CN108129836B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-12 | 天津市天缘电工材料股份有限公司 | 一种高折射率、高透明聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法 |
US10572070B2 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-02-25 | Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation | Optical devices and fabrication method thereof |
CN112457866B (zh) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-07-27 | 深圳清荷科技有限公司 | 一种液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜以及液晶显示元件 |
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US4684678A (en) | 1985-05-30 | 1987-08-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Epoxy resin curing agent, process, and composition |
US4845185A (en) * | 1986-04-22 | 1989-07-04 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Soluble copolyimide from 9,9-bis (4-amino phenyl) fluorene |
JPS62292836A (ja) * | 1986-06-13 | 1987-12-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | 可溶性ポリイミドの製造方法 |
JPS63295633A (ja) * | 1987-05-28 | 1988-12-02 | Nippon Steel Corp | 熱可塑性ポリイミド |
JPH01165623A (ja) | 1987-12-22 | 1989-06-29 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 光透過性が高いポリイミドおよびその前駆体 |
US5026822A (en) * | 1988-07-12 | 1991-06-25 | Hoechst Celanese Corp. | High molecular weight polyimide, method of making same and articles formed therefrom |
US4897092A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1990-01-30 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Polyimide membrane having improved flux |
FR2650829B1 (fr) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-10-31 | Etud Mat Organ Technol Av Cent | Polyimides aromatiques comportant des groupes trifluoromethyl, leurs preparations et leurs applications |
US5055616A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-10-08 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Ortho-alkylated bisanilines having fluorenylidene bridging groups |
JPH0413763A (ja) | 1990-05-07 | 1992-01-17 | Toray Ind Inc | 高屈折高透明耐熱性光学材料 |
JPH0531341A (ja) | 1991-07-26 | 1993-02-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | ポリイミドガス分離膜 |
US5196953A (en) * | 1991-11-01 | 1993-03-23 | Rockwell International Corporation | Compensator for liquid crystal display, having two types of layers with different refractive indices alternating |
JPH05181120A (ja) | 1991-12-27 | 1993-07-23 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
JPH0625529A (ja) | 1992-07-06 | 1994-02-01 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 低抵抗透明ポリイミド及びその前駆体 |
CA2160908C (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 2005-02-01 | Frank W. Harris | Negative birefringent polyimide films |
US5344916A (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 1994-09-06 | The University Of Akron | Negative birefringent polyimide films |
US5612450A (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1997-03-18 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal aligning agent and liquid crystal display device |
JPH0883515A (ja) | 1994-09-13 | 1996-03-26 | Fujimori Kogyo Kk | 透明導電性シート |
JP3299869B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-27 | 2002-07-08 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置とその製造方法 |
US5750641A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1998-05-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polyimide angularity enhancement layer |
-
1996
- 1996-05-23 US US08/652,886 patent/US5750641A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-24 DE DE69634931T patent/DE69634931T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-24 CN CN96180303A patent/CN1219247A/zh active Pending
- 1996-09-24 AU AU73699/96A patent/AU7369996A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-24 JP JP54228997A patent/JP3817604B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-24 WO PCT/US1996/015273 patent/WO1997044704A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-09-24 EP EP96935924A patent/EP0900406B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1998
- 1998-05-05 US US09/073,335 patent/US5969088A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-05 US US09/072,908 patent/US6074709A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2000
- 2000-03-23 US US09/534,148 patent/US6238753B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-03 US US09/825,562 patent/US6383578B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP0900406B1 (de) | 2005-07-13 |
US6074709A (en) | 2000-06-13 |
JP2000511296A (ja) | 2000-08-29 |
JP3817604B2 (ja) | 2006-09-06 |
US6238753B1 (en) | 2001-05-29 |
DE69634931T2 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
WO1997044704A1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
US6383578B2 (en) | 2002-05-07 |
CN1219247A (zh) | 1999-06-09 |
US5969088A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
AU7369996A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
US20020012758A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
EP0900406A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 |
US5750641A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
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