EP0024584A1 - Overvoltage arrester with spark gap - Google Patents

Overvoltage arrester with spark gap Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024584A1
EP0024584A1 EP80104593A EP80104593A EP0024584A1 EP 0024584 A1 EP0024584 A1 EP 0024584A1 EP 80104593 A EP80104593 A EP 80104593A EP 80104593 A EP80104593 A EP 80104593A EP 0024584 A1 EP0024584 A1 EP 0024584A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
surge arrester
arrester according
arc discharge
electrodes
electrode
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Granted
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EP80104593A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0024584B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr.-Ing. Hasse
Johannes Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wiesinger
Erich Dr.-Ing. Pivit
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Bosch Telecom GmbH
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ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H01T1/08—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01T1/10—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester, in particular for the limitation of overvoltages in low-voltage systems and for the lightning protection coupling of galvanically isolated circuits, with at least one spark gap, the electrodes of which are kept at a distance by means of an insulating piece.
  • Surge arresters have become known, for example, from DE-OS 23 37 743 and 26 27 648, the overturning point in the outer region either between the jacket surfaces of the preferably planar, disk-shaped electrodes, the end faces of which are kept at a distance by an insulation layer, or between the jacket surface which forms one and the end face of the other electrode.
  • This surge arrester it is from Advantage that the energy generated during the rollover can be dissipated quickly, thus eliminating the risk of explosion.
  • the disadvantage is that the extinguishing behavior for network after-flows is not quite optimal.
  • the surge arrester according to the invention has the advantage that the energy generated during the flashover is used in a chamber adjacent to the arc area and having openings to generate extinguishing gas from the chamber walls made of appropriate insulating material in such a way that the arc is pushed away from the gap and the ionized gases are blown to the outside so that no further ignition can take place after the overvoltage has ended due to the mains voltage.
  • corresponding geometrical designs of the electrodes and the chambers surrounding them have a "broadband" quenching behavior, i.e. achieved for any current.
  • the arc discharge area 1 is located between the lateral surfaces of the disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3 and 3, 4, which are kept at a distance by insulating disks 6, 6 ' will.
  • the arrangement of hollow cylinders 6a, 6b, which consist of hard gas or a similar substance that gives off gas under the action of heat, and have outlet openings around the electrodes or around the arc area, ensures that quenching gas is generated by the heat of the arc, which Arc is slightly pushed outwards and is extinguished after the overvoltage has ended, so that no renewed ignition can take place after the mains voltage returns.
  • a common hollow cylinder 6a is arranged over both spark gaps, the spark gaps being sealed off from one another so that they cannot unite.
  • the hollow cylinder 6a has annular outlet openings 8 at the top and bottom and bore hole-shaped outlet openings 8b on its outer surface.
  • the upper radio link has a distance switch 6, which can also consist of hard gas or a similar substance that emits gas in the region 1 under the action of heat from the arc. Such a distance switch provides an additional improvement in the extinguishing behavior.
  • the lower spark gap between the electrodes 3 and 4 has a spacer 6 ', which does not consist of Harugas but of mica. This has the advantage that the double spark gap still has the required insulation resistance if the hard gas intermediate piece 6 of the upper spark gap has burned or melted after a long period of use and is no longer able to sufficiently isolate the electrodes 2 and 3 from one another.
  • each spark gap is surrounded by a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6b.
  • This hollow cylinder is in each case on the outer electrodes 2 and 4 in their likewise hollow cylindrical extensions 20 and 40 inserted such that there is only one opening on the connecting piece 30 of the two electrodes 3.
  • the two radio links are also sealed off by an annular insulating material body 6c around the connecting piece 30, so that they cannot unite.
  • This arrangement of electrodes and insulating material body creates a chamber-like area 5 on the outer electrodes 2, 4, in which a gas overpressure can form during the arc discharge. This excess gas pressure can dissipate via the annular channel 10 and past the annular insulating material body 6c through the band-ring-shaped opening 8, the arc discharge area being blown out cleanly.
  • Fig. 2a shows another embodiment of the invention, wherein a hollow cylindrical top electrode 2 is placed over a cylindrical lower electrode 3 in such a way that a closed chamber 5 is formed between the end faces and an arc discharge can develop between the outer surfaces in the area 1.
  • a hollow-liner-shaped body made of hard gas 6e between the jacket surfaces, so that the arc cannot migrate into chamber 5, and especially with larger currents down into area 1 'between the outer jacket surface of the lower inner one Electrode 3 and the phase surface 21 or the lower end face 22 of the electrode 2 is pressed.
  • the electrode 2 has a disc-shaped extension 20 at the top.
  • a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6d which is closed on one side, is arranged as a spacer 9, so that an annular chamber 10 is formed.
  • the hard gas cylinder has borehole-shaped openings 8a, b on its bottom surface and on its lateral surface, through which openings that arise during the arc discharge Gases can escape, the excess pressure arising in the chamber 5 contributing to the fact that the arc discharge area is blown out cleanly.
  • FIG. 2b shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention, three disc-shaped electrodes 2, 3, 4, which are insulated from one another by disc-shaped spacers 6, 6 'and are kept at a distance, are arranged one above the other. Both spark gaps are surrounded by a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6f closed at the top in such a way that an annular outlet opening 8 remains on the lower electrode.
  • the two outer electrodes 2 and 4 have a jump in diameter at a certain distance.
  • the two single flashover sections 1 combine shortly after the ignition (approximately after 20 microseconds) such that an arc discharge only takes place between the changes in diameter of the two outer electrodes 2, 4 in the area 1 ', the same being pressed magnetically against the center electrode, strongly cooled there and again repelled.
  • a stable arc is formed at a medium distance from the central electrode.
  • hardly any discharge occurs at the gaps between the electrodes or at their edges, so that there is only a particularly small amount of erosion.
  • one electrode spacer is realized with hard gas 6 and the other with mica 6 ', such a surge arrester according to the invention combines a high level of reliability, a long service life and optimal extinguishing behavior for mains after-currents.
  • FIG. 3 shows another exemplary embodiment according to the invention, in which the two disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3 have an insulating piece of the same diameter be kept at a distance from hard gas 6. Due to the one-sided closed hollow cylinder surrounding the two electrodes 2, 3 and their connections 20, 30, which has an annular outlet opening 8 at the bottom and the walls of which are made of hard gas 6f, which produces extinguishing gas under the action of heat from the arc, An overpressure is generated in the chamber 10 upstream of the arc region, which has a favorable effect on the extinguishing of the arc. At a certain distance from one another, the two electrodes experience a jump in diameter and have a further increase in diameter as the distance increases.
  • the arc can develop with increasing current intensity from area 1 between the outer surfaces of electrodes 2 and 3 to the outside (area 1 ').
  • area 1 ' At the jump in diameter, there is now a gap in each of the electrodes, which ensures that the large thermal energy which arises at high currents in the outer arc region 1 'cannot reach the spacer 6 via the adjacent electrode parts and destroy it at an early stage.
  • this gap will not only be filled with air but also with hard gas 6g, as a result of which an increased blowing effect for extinguishing the arc is achieved.

Abstract

Überspannungsableiter für die Begrenzung von Überspannungen in Niederspannungsanlagen und für die blitzschutzmassige Kopplung galvanisch getrennter Kreise mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke, deren Elektroden mittels Isolierstück auf Abstand gehalten werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich an den Bereich (1,1') der Bogenentladung eine Kammer (10) anschliesst, die Wände aus Isolierstoff (6a, b, c, d, e, f) aufweist, der unter Wärmeeinwirkung Löschgas abgibt (Hartgas), und die eine Austrittsöffnung (8, 8a, 8b) aufweist, durch welche die bei der Bogenentladung entstehenden Gase entweichen können.Surge arrester for limiting overvoltages in low-voltage systems and for lightning protection coupling of galvanically isolated circuits with at least one spark gap, the electrodes of which are kept at a distance by means of an insulating piece, characterized in that a chamber (10 ) connects, the walls made of insulating material (6a, b, c, d, e, f), which emits extinguishing gas under the action of heat (hard gas), and which has an outlet opening (8, 8a, 8b) through which the arc discharge resulting gases can escape.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter, insbesondere für die Begrenzung von Überspannungen in Niederspannungsanlagen und für die blitzschutzmäßige Kopplung galvanisch getrennter Kreise, mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke, deren Elektroden mittels Isolierstück auf Abstand gehalten werden.The invention relates to a surge arrester, in particular for the limitation of overvoltages in low-voltage systems and for the lightning protection coupling of galvanically isolated circuits, with at least one spark gap, the electrodes of which are kept at a distance by means of an insulating piece.

Überspannungsableiter sind beispielsweise durch die DE-OS 23 37 743 bzw. 26 27 648 bekannt geworden, wobei sich die Überschlagstelle im Außenbereich entweder zwischen den Mantelflächen der bevorzugt planen, scheibenförmigen Elektroden, deren Stirnflächen durch eine Isolationsschicht auf Abstand gehalten werden, oder zwischen der Mantelfläche der einen und der Stirnfläche der anderen Elektrode ausbildet. Bei diesem Überspannungsableiter ist es von Vorteil, daß die beim Überschlag entstehende Energie rasch abgeführt und somit eine Explosionsgefahr gebannt werden kann. Nachteilig ist jedoch das nicht ganz optimale Löschverhalten für Netznachströme.Surge arresters have become known, for example, from DE-OS 23 37 743 and 26 27 648, the overturning point in the outer region either between the jacket surfaces of the preferably planar, disk-shaped electrodes, the end faces of which are kept at a distance by an insulation layer, or between the jacket surface which forms one and the end face of the other electrode. With this surge arrester it is from Advantage that the energy generated during the rollover can be dissipated quickly, thus eliminating the risk of explosion. The disadvantage, however, is that the extinguishing behavior for network after-flows is not quite optimal.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen unaufwendigen Überspannungsableiter mit verbessertem Löschverhalten für Netznachströme anzugeben.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an uncomplicated surge arrester with improved quenching behavior for line aftercurrents.

Die Lösung der Erfindung erfolgt nach den in den Patentansprüchen angegebenen Mitteln.The solution of the invention is carried out according to the means specified in the claims.

Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß die beim Überschlag entstehende Energie in einer an den Lichtbogenbereich angrenzenden und Öffnungen aufweisenden Kammer dazu benutzt wird, Löschgas aus den aus entsprechendem Isolierstoff bestehenden Kammerwänden derart zu erzeugen, daß der Lichtbogen vom Spalt weggedrückt wird und die ionisierten Gase nach außen geblasen werden, so daß nach Überspannungsende durch die Netzspannung keine weitere Zündung erfolgen kann. Bei den Erfindungsweiterbildungen wird durch entsprechende Geometrieausführungen der Elektroden und der sie umgebenden Kammern ein "breitbandiges" Löschverhalten d.h. für beliebige Stromstärken erreicht.The surge arrester according to the invention has the advantage that the energy generated during the flashover is used in a chamber adjacent to the arc area and having openings to generate extinguishing gas from the chamber walls made of appropriate insulating material in such a way that the arc is pushed away from the gap and the ionized gases are blown to the outside so that no further ignition can take place after the overvoltage has ended due to the mains voltage. In the case of the further developments of the invention, corresponding geometrical designs of the electrodes and the chambers surrounding them have a "broadband" quenching behavior, i.e. achieved for any current.

Es folgt nun die Beschreibung der Erfindung anhand der Figuren, die Querschnitte durch erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen.There now follows the description of the invention with reference to the figures, which show cross sections through exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt Elektrodenanordnungen mit zwei hintereinandergeschalteten Funkenstrecken gemäß der DE-OS 26 27 648. Der Bogenentladungsbereich 1 befindet sich zwischen den Mantelflächen der scheibenförmigen Elektroden 2, 3 bzw. 3, 4, die durch Isolierscheiben 6, 6' auf Abstand gehalten werden. Durch die Anordnung von Hohlzylindern 6a, 6b, die aus Hartgas oder einem ähnlichen Stoff, der unter Wärmeeinwirkung Gas abgibt, bestehen und über Austrittsöffnungen verfügen, um die Elektroden bzw. um den Lichtbogenbereich wird erreicht, daß durch die Wärme des Lichtbogens Löschgas erzeugt, der Lichtbogen etwas nach aussen gedrückt und nach beendeter Überspannung gelöscht wird, so daß nach Wiederkehr der Netzspannung keine erneute Zündung erfolgen kann. In Fig. 1a ist über beiden Funkenstrecken ein gemeinsamer Hohlzylinder 6a angeordnet, wobei die Funkenstrekken voneinander abgeschottet sind, so daß sie sich nicht vereinigen können. Der Hohlzylinder 6a weist oben und unten ringförmige Austrittsöffnungen 8 und an seiner Mantelfläche bohrlochförmige Austrittsöffnungen 8b auf. Die obere Funkstrecke weist einen Abstandschalter 6 auf, der ebenfalls aus Hartgas oder einem ähnlichen Stoff bestehen kann, der unter Wärmeeinwirkung des Lichtbogens im Bereich 1 Gas abgibt. Durch einen solchen Abstandschalter wird eine zusätzliche Verbesserung des Löschverhaltens erreicht. Die untere Funkenstrecke zwischen den Elektroden 3 und 4 weist einen Abstandshalter 6' auf, cer nicht aus Harugas sondern aus Glimmer besteht. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Doppelfunkenstrecke auch dann noch den geforderten Isolationswiderstand aufweist, wenn das Hartgaszwischenstück 6 der oberen Funkenstrecke nach längerem Einsatz abgebrannt oder geschmolzen ist und die Elektroden 2 und 3 nicht mehr in genügendem Maße voneinander zu isolieren vermag.1 shows electrode arrangements with two spark gaps connected in series according to DE-OS 26 27 648. The arc discharge area 1 is located between the lateral surfaces of the disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3 and 3, 4, which are kept at a distance by insulating disks 6, 6 ' will. The arrangement of hollow cylinders 6a, 6b, which consist of hard gas or a similar substance that gives off gas under the action of heat, and have outlet openings around the electrodes or around the arc area, ensures that quenching gas is generated by the heat of the arc, which Arc is slightly pushed outwards and is extinguished after the overvoltage has ended, so that no renewed ignition can take place after the mains voltage returns. In Fig. 1a, a common hollow cylinder 6a is arranged over both spark gaps, the spark gaps being sealed off from one another so that they cannot unite. The hollow cylinder 6a has annular outlet openings 8 at the top and bottom and bore hole-shaped outlet openings 8b on its outer surface. The upper radio link has a distance switch 6, which can also consist of hard gas or a similar substance that emits gas in the region 1 under the action of heat from the arc. Such a distance switch provides an additional improvement in the extinguishing behavior. The lower spark gap between the electrodes 3 and 4 has a spacer 6 ', which does not consist of Harugas but of mica. This has the advantage that the double spark gap still has the required insulation resistance if the hard gas intermediate piece 6 of the upper spark gap has burned or melted after a long period of use and is no longer able to sufficiently isolate the electrodes 2 and 3 from one another.

In Fig. 1b ist ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Doppelfunkenstrecke dargestellt, bei dem jede Funkenstrecke von einem Hohlzylinder aus Hartgas 6b umgeben ist. Dieser Hohlzylinder ist jeweils an den äußeren Elektroden 2 bzw. 4 in deren ebenfalls hohlzylinderförmigen Fortsätze 20 bzw. 40 derart eingelegt, daß nur eine Öffnung am Verbindungsstück 30 der beiden Elektroden 3 vorhanden ist. Durch einen ringförmigen Isolierstoffkörper 6c um das Verbindungsstück 30 werden die beiden Funkstrecken ebenfalls abgeschottet, so daß sie sich nicht vereinigen können. Durch diese Anordnung von Elektroden und Isolierstoffkörper entsteht jeweils an den äußeren Elektroden 2, 4 ein kammerartiger Bereich 5, in dem sich bei der Bogenentladung ein Gasüberdruck ausbilden kann. Dieser Gasüberdruck kann sich über den ringförmigen Kanal 10 und an dem ringförmigen Isolierstoffkörper 6c vorbei durch die bandringförmige Öffnung 8 abbauen, wobei der Bogenentladungsbereich sauber ausgeblasen wird.1b shows another embodiment of a double spark gap, in which each spark gap is surrounded by a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6b. This hollow cylinder is in each case on the outer electrodes 2 and 4 in their likewise hollow cylindrical extensions 20 and 40 inserted such that there is only one opening on the connecting piece 30 of the two electrodes 3. The two radio links are also sealed off by an annular insulating material body 6c around the connecting piece 30, so that they cannot unite. This arrangement of electrodes and insulating material body creates a chamber-like area 5 on the outer electrodes 2, 4, in which a gas overpressure can form during the arc discharge. This excess gas pressure can dissipate via the annular channel 10 and past the annular insulating material body 6c through the band-ring-shaped opening 8, the arc discharge area being blown out cleanly.

Die Fig. 2a zeigt ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wobei über eine zylinderförmige untere Elektrode 3 eine hohlzylinderförmige oben geschlossene Elektrode 2 derart gestülpt ist, daß zwischen den Stirnflächen eine geschlossene Kammer 5 entsteht und sich zwischen cen Mantelflächen im Bereich 1 eine Bogenentladung entfalten kann. Direkt angrenzend an den Bereich 1 der Bogenentladung ist ein ebenfalls hohlzvlincerförmiger Körper aus Hartgas 6e zwischen den Mantelflächen angeordnet, so daß der Lichtbogen nicht in die Kammer 5 wandern kann und vor allem bei größeren Stromstärken nach unten in den Bereich 1' zwischen Außenmantelfläche der unteren inneren Elektrode 3 und der Phasenfläche 21 bzw. der unteren Stirnfläche 22 der Elektrode 2 gedrückt wird. Die Elektrode 2 weist oben einen scheibenförmigen Fortsatz 20 auf. Zwischen ihm und dem unteren Ende der Elektrode 3 ist ein einseitig geschlossener Hohlzylinder aus Hartgas 6d als Abstandshalter 9 angeordnet, so daß eine ringförmige Kammer 10 entsteht. Der Hartgaszylinder weist an seiner Bodenfläche und an seiner Mantelfläche bohrlochförmige Öffnungen 8a, b auf, durch die die bei der Bogenentladung entstehenden Gase entweichen können, wobei der in der Kammer 5 entstehende Überdruck dazu beiträgt, daß der Bogenentladungsbereich sauber ausgeblasen wird.Fig. 2a shows another embodiment of the invention, wherein a hollow cylindrical top electrode 2 is placed over a cylindrical lower electrode 3 in such a way that a closed chamber 5 is formed between the end faces and an arc discharge can develop between the outer surfaces in the area 1. Directly adjacent to area 1 of the arc discharge is a likewise hollow-liner-shaped body made of hard gas 6e between the jacket surfaces, so that the arc cannot migrate into chamber 5, and especially with larger currents down into area 1 'between the outer jacket surface of the lower inner one Electrode 3 and the phase surface 21 or the lower end face 22 of the electrode 2 is pressed. The electrode 2 has a disc-shaped extension 20 at the top. Between it and the lower end of the electrode 3, a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6d, which is closed on one side, is arranged as a spacer 9, so that an annular chamber 10 is formed. The hard gas cylinder has borehole-shaped openings 8a, b on its bottom surface and on its lateral surface, through which openings that arise during the arc discharge Gases can escape, the excess pressure arising in the chamber 5 contributing to the fact that the arc discharge area is blown out cleanly.

In Fig. 2b ist eine vorteilhafte Ausführung der Erfindung dargestellt, wobei drei scheibenfürmige Elektroden 2, 3, 4, die durch scheibenförmige Abstandshalter 6, 6' voneinander isoliert sind und auf Abstand gehalten werden, übereinander angeordnet sind. Beide Funkenstrecken werden durch einen oben geschlossenen Hohlzylinder aus Hartgas 6f derart umgeben, daß an der unteren Elektrode eine ringförmige Austrittsöffnung 8 verbleibt. Die beiden äußeren Elektroden 2 und 4 weisen in einem gewissen Abstand einen Durchmessersprung auf. Besonders vorteilhaft ist hierbei, daß aufgrund der fehlenden Abschottung sich die beiden Einzelüberschlagsstrekken 1 schon kurz nach der Zündung (etwa nach 20 Mikrosekunden) so vereinigen, daß nur noch zwischen den Durchmessersprüngen der beiden äußeren Elektroden 2, 4 im Bereich 1' eine Bogenentladung stattfindet, wobei dieselbe magnetisch gegen die Mittelelektrode gedrückt, dort stark gekühlt und wiederum abgestoßen wird. Auf diese Weise bildet sich ein stabiler Bogen in mittlerem Abstand von der mittleren Elektrode. Hierbei tritt an den Spalten zwischen den Elektroden bzw. an deren Rändern kaum eine Entladung ein, so daß nur ein besonders geringer Abbrand erfolgt. Realisiert man den einen Elektroden-Abstandshalter mit Hartgas 6 und den anderen mit Glimmer 6', so vereinigt ein solcher erfindungsgemäßer Überspannungsableiter in sich eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit, eine lange Lebensdauer und ein optimales Löschverhalten für Netznachströme.2b shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention, three disc-shaped electrodes 2, 3, 4, which are insulated from one another by disc-shaped spacers 6, 6 'and are kept at a distance, are arranged one above the other. Both spark gaps are surrounded by a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6f closed at the top in such a way that an annular outlet opening 8 remains on the lower electrode. The two outer electrodes 2 and 4 have a jump in diameter at a certain distance. It is particularly advantageous here that, due to the lack of partitioning, the two single flashover sections 1 combine shortly after the ignition (approximately after 20 microseconds) such that an arc discharge only takes place between the changes in diameter of the two outer electrodes 2, 4 in the area 1 ', the same being pressed magnetically against the center electrode, strongly cooled there and again repelled. In this way, a stable arc is formed at a medium distance from the central electrode. In this case, hardly any discharge occurs at the gaps between the electrodes or at their edges, so that there is only a particularly small amount of erosion. If one electrode spacer is realized with hard gas 6 and the other with mica 6 ', such a surge arrester according to the invention combines a high level of reliability, a long service life and optimal extinguishing behavior for mains after-currents.

In Fig. 3 ist ein anderes erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, bei dem die beiden scheibenförmigen Elektroden 2, 3 durch ein Isolierstück gleichen Durchmessers aus Hartgas 6 auf Abstand gehalten werden. Durch den die beiden Elektroden 2, 3 sowie deren Anschlüsse 20, 30 umgebenden einseitig geschlossenen Hohlzylinder, der nach unten eine ringförmige Austrittsöffnung 8 aufweist und dessen Wände aus Hartgas 6f bestehen, das unter der Wärmeeinwirkung des Lichtbogens Löschgas erzeugt, wird in der dadurch entstandenen, dem Lichtbogenbereich vorgelagerten Kammer 10 ein Überdruck erzeugt, der sich günstig auf die Löschung des Lichtbogens äuswirkt .In einem gewissen Abstand zueinander erfahren die beiden Elektroden einen Durchmessersprung und weisen mit zunehmendem Abstand eine weitere Durchmesservergrösserung auf. Auf diese Weise kann sich der Lichtbogen mit steigender Stromstärke vom Bereich 1 zwischen den Mantelflächen der Elektroden 2 und 3 nach außen (Bereich 1') entfalten. Am Durchmessersprung ist nun jeweils in die Elektroden ein Spalt eingelassen, der dafür sorgt, daß die bei großen Stromstärken im äußeren Lichtbogenbereich 1' entstehende große Wärmeenergie nicht über die angrenzenden Elektrodenteile zum Abstandshalter 6 gelangen und diesen frühzeitig zerstören kann. In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird dieser Spalt nicht nur mit Luft sondern zusätzlich mit Hartgas 6g ausgefüllt werden, wodurch eine erhöhte Blaswirkung zum Löschen des Lichtbogens erreicht wird.3 shows another exemplary embodiment according to the invention, in which the two disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3 have an insulating piece of the same diameter be kept at a distance from hard gas 6. Due to the one-sided closed hollow cylinder surrounding the two electrodes 2, 3 and their connections 20, 30, which has an annular outlet opening 8 at the bottom and the walls of which are made of hard gas 6f, which produces extinguishing gas under the action of heat from the arc, An overpressure is generated in the chamber 10 upstream of the arc region, which has a favorable effect on the extinguishing of the arc. At a certain distance from one another, the two electrodes experience a jump in diameter and have a further increase in diameter as the distance increases. In this way, the arc can develop with increasing current intensity from area 1 between the outer surfaces of electrodes 2 and 3 to the outside (area 1 '). At the jump in diameter, there is now a gap in each of the electrodes, which ensures that the large thermal energy which arises at high currents in the outer arc region 1 'cannot reach the spacer 6 via the adjacent electrode parts and destroy it at an early stage. In a further development of the invention, this gap will not only be filled with air but also with hard gas 6g, as a result of which an increased blowing effect for extinguishing the arc is achieved.

Claims (14)

1. Überspannungsableiter für die Begrenzung von Überspannungen in Niederspannungsanlagen und für die blitzschutzmässige Kopplung galvanisch getrennter Kreise mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke, deren Elektroden mittels Isolierstück auf Abstand gehalten werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich an den Bereich (1, 1') der Bogenentladung eine Kammer (10) anschließt, die Wände aus Isolierstoff (6a, b, c, d, e, f) aufweist, der uhter Wärmeeinwirkung Löschgas abgibt (Hartgas), und die eine Austrittsöffnung (8, 8a, 8b) aufweist, durch welche die bei der Bogenentladung entstehenden Gase entweichen können.1. Surge arrester for limiting overvoltages in low-voltage systems and for lightning protection coupling of galvanically isolated circuits with at least one spark gap, the electrodes of which are kept at a distance by means of an insulating piece, characterized in that a chamber is located at the area (1, 1 ') of the arc discharge (10) connects, the walls made of insulating material (6a, b, c, d, e, f), which emits extinguishing gas under the influence of heat (hard gas), and which has an outlet opening (8, 8a, 8b) through which the gases arising from the arc discharge can escape. 2. Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich an den Bereich (1, 1') der Bogenentladung eine weitere Kammer (5) anschließt, die Wände aus Isolierstoff (6b, e, g) aufweist, der unter Wärmeeinwirkung Löschgas abgibt (Hartgas).2. Surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the region (1, 1 ') of the arc discharge is followed by a further chamber (5) which has walls made of insulating material (6b, e, g) which emits extinguishing gas under the action of heat ( Hard gas). 3. Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Elektroden (2, 3; 3, 4) ein Isolierstoffkörper (6, 6e) so angeordnet ist, daß er an den Bereich (1, 1') der Bogenentladung angrenzt und unter Wärmeeinwirkung der Bogenentladung Löschgas abgibt.3. Surge arrester according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the electrodes (2, 3; 3, 4) an insulating body (6, 6e) is arranged so that it adjoins the area (1, 1 ') of the arc discharge and releases extinguishing gas under the influence of heat from the arc discharge. 4. überspannungsableiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch scheibenförmige Elektroden (2, 3; 3, 4) mit dazwischenliegendem scheibenförmigem Abstandshalter (6, 6') (Fig. 1a, b, 2b, 3).4. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by disk-shaped electrodes (2, 3; 3, 4) with an intermediate disk-shaped spacer (6, 6 ') (Fig. 1a, b, 2b, 3). 5. überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die eine Elektrode (3) zylinder und die andere Elektrode (2) sowie der Isolierstoffkörper (6e) hehlzylinderförmig ausgebildet sind (Fig. 2a).5. Surge arrester according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the one electrode (3) cylinder and the other electrode (2) and the insulating body (6e) are of a cylindrical shape (Fig. 2a). 6. Überspannungsabieiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammern (5, 10) die Elektrodenanordnung ringförmig umgeben, wobei die Wände hohlzylinder- (6a, b, d, f) bzw. ringförmig (6c) ausgebildet sind.6. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chambers (5, 10) surround the electrode arrangement in a ring shape, the walls being hollow-cylindrical (6a, b, d, f) or ring-shaped (6c). 7. Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Austrittsöffnung durch die offene Seite (8) des Hohlzylinders (6a, b, f) bzw. durch Bohrungen (8a, b) in dem Mantel (8b) bzw. in der Grundfläche (8a) des Hohlzylinders gebildet wird.7. Surge arrester according to claim 6, characterized in that the outlet opening through the open side (8) of the hollow cylinder (6a, b, f) or through bores (8a, b) in the jacket (8b) or in the base surface ( 8a) of the hollow cylinder is formed. 8. Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch zwei in Serie angeordnete Funkenstrecken (Fig. 1a, 1b, 2b).8. Surge arrester according to claim 6, characterized by two spark gaps arranged in series (Fig. 1a, 1b, 2b). 9. Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die eine Funkenstrecke einen Abstandshalter aus Glimmer (6') aufweist (Fig. 1a, 2b).9. surge arrester according to claim 8, characterized in that the one spark gap has a spacer made of mica (6 ') (Fig. 1a, 2b). 10. Überspannungsableiter nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstandshalter (9) durch die Kammerwand (6d) gebildet wird (Fig. 2a).10. Surge arrester according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the spacer (9) is formed by the chamber wall (6d) (Fig. 2a). 11. Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußeren Elektroden (2, 4) einen Durchmessersprung aufweisen (Fig. 2b).11. Surge arrester according to claim 8, characterized in that the outer electrodes (2, 4) have a jump in diameter (Fig. 2b). 12. Überspannungsableiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Elektrode (2, 3) mit zunehmendem Abstand von der benachbarten eine Durchmesservergrößerung erfährt (Fig. 3).12. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrode (2, 3) experiences an increase in diameter with increasing distance from the adjacent one (Fig. 3). 13. überspannungsableiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Elektrode (2, 3) einen Spalt aufweist, der den Bogenentladungsbereich in zwei Teilbereiche (1, 1') unterteilt.13. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrode (2, 3) has a gap which divides the arc discharge area into two sub-areas (1, 1 '). 14. überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt Hartgas enthält.14. surge arrester according to claim 13, characterized in that the gap contains hard gas.
EP80104593A 1979-08-24 1980-08-04 Overvoltage arrester with spark gap Expired EP0024584B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2934236 1979-08-24
DE2934236A DE2934236C2 (en) 1979-08-24 1979-08-24 Surge arrester with spark gap

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0024584A1 true EP0024584A1 (en) 1981-03-11
EP0024584B1 EP0024584B1 (en) 1984-11-21

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US (1) US4345295A (en)
EP (1) EP0024584B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1158299A (en)
DE (1) DE2934236C2 (en)
DK (1) DK155479C (en)

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AU621091B2 (en) * 1988-03-15 1992-03-05 Bremer StraBenbahn AG Wheel set guidance for trucks of rail vehicles, especially commuter traffic vehicles
EP0600222A1 (en) * 1992-11-28 1994-06-08 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Lightning-current withstand device with at least two series-connected surge gaps
EP0789434A1 (en) * 1996-02-10 1997-08-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Method for influencing the extinctive capacity of follow-up current of overvoltage arresters and overvoltage arresters using this method

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DE3546916C2 (en) * 1984-06-18 1996-09-26 Dale Electronics High power low value electrical resistor
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DE4435968C2 (en) * 1994-10-07 1996-09-12 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Surge protection element
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DE19619334A1 (en) * 1996-05-14 1997-11-20 Dehn & Soehne Method for extinguishing the arc of the line follow current in a spark gap and spark gap arrangement for carrying out the method
DE19717802B4 (en) * 1997-04-26 2009-09-17 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG radio link
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EP2388873B8 (en) * 2009-01-19 2019-06-05 AKTSIONERNOE OBSCHESTVO "NPO "Streamer" Lightning arrester and a power transmission line provided with such an arrester
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EP0600222A1 (en) * 1992-11-28 1994-06-08 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Lightning-current withstand device with at least two series-connected surge gaps
EP0789434A1 (en) * 1996-02-10 1997-08-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Method for influencing the extinctive capacity of follow-up current of overvoltage arresters and overvoltage arresters using this method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK360080A (en) 1981-02-25
DE2934236A1 (en) 1981-03-26
CA1158299A (en) 1983-12-06
DK155479C (en) 1989-09-04
DE2934236C2 (en) 1983-02-24
DK155479B (en) 1989-04-10
US4345295A (en) 1982-08-17
EP0024584B1 (en) 1984-11-21

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