EP0044512A1 - Method and apparatus for the cooling of vessel parts of a metallurgical furnace, especially an electric-arc furnace - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the cooling of vessel parts of a metallurgical furnace, especially an electric-arc furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0044512A1
EP0044512A1 EP81105529A EP81105529A EP0044512A1 EP 0044512 A1 EP0044512 A1 EP 0044512A1 EP 81105529 A EP81105529 A EP 81105529A EP 81105529 A EP81105529 A EP 81105529A EP 0044512 A1 EP0044512 A1 EP 0044512A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cooling
heat exchange
exchange surface
furnace
cooling liquid
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Granted
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EP81105529A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0044512B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Dr. Marnette
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Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH
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Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH
Korf and Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/06—Electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/001—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas
    • F27D2009/0013—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas the fluid being water
    • F27D2009/0016—Water-spray
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/004—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a waterbox

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, it relates to a device according to the preamble of patent claim 8.
  • Evaporative cooling systems are already used in a variety of ways in technical facilities. In metallurgical furnaces, this cooling technology is used on blast furnaces, for example. These ovens are due to the continuous process control by largely stationary loading drive states and thus supply almost constant heat flow densities on the heat exchange surfaces. These blast furnace cooling systems can thus be operated like generally known waste heat recovery systems. Evaporative cooling systems of this type, which always operate at high system pressures, cannot be used in batch-operated electric furnaces, since heat flows which fluctuate spatially and temporally significantly during the melting process have to be dissipated over the outer surfaces of an electric furnace.
  • the object of the invention is to achieve good cooling over the entire heat exchange surface in a method or a device of the type mentioned in the introduction, despite strong local and temporal fluctuations in the thermal stress, utilizing the evaporation enthalpy. In spite of the local and temporal fluctuations in the thermal stress, film boiling which leads to an inadmissibly high local thermal stress on the heat exchange wall should be reliably prevented.
  • the aim of the invention is also an apparatus for performing the method.
  • evaporative cooling can also be used by the invention for cooling the outer surfaces of an electric furnace.
  • An important feature of this invention is that electric furnaces can also be cooled below the melting and slag zone with very little cooling water consumption, without any impairment operational safety is given.
  • the cooling system according to the invention operates at normal pressure or a pressure slightly above 1 bar and ensures adaptation to the transient operating states of an electric furnace without dangerous cooling water accumulations occurring on the furnace vessel wall.
  • this technology can achieve cooling water consumption of 0.6 1 water / m 2 ⁇ min.
  • Precision nozzles for example hollow cone, full cone or pneumatic atomizer nozzles, are suitable for generating finely distributed water flows. Vibrating-mechanical atomizing devices that are excited, for example, with ultrasound can also be used.
  • the coolant is preferably applied to the surface to be cooled with a constant jet width, constant drop spectrum (0-100 ⁇ m) and constant drop speed (20-40 m / sec).
  • FIG. 1 shows an evaporative cooling system 1 with a closed coolant circuit.
  • the system pressure is approximately 1 bar.
  • the cooling water is applied through atomizing nozzles 3 in finely divided droplet form 4 to the surface 2 to be cooled.
  • the surface 2 to be cooled and a fastening surface 26 for the nozzles 3 form a space which is closed off from the outside.
  • the saturated steam generated during evaporation is fed to the condenser 6 by means of a saturated steam pump 5 through a saturated steam line 22.
  • the resulting condensed coolant is collected in a container 7 and pumped into a pressure container 18 with a liquid pump 8.
  • the pressure vessel 18 ensures a largely constant liquid pressure in the feed line 19.
  • the temperature of the surface 2 to be cooled is continuously measured with a large number of independent thermal sensors 10. With a local or large area If the lower limit temperature, which corresponds to the boiling point of the water, is exceeded, the corresponding spatially assigned atomizing nozzles are actuated by opening the valves 20. The cooling water is then applied to the surface 2 with a constant volume flow until the lower limit temperature is reached. The mode of operation of the atomizing nozzles 3 is thus intermittent.
  • the nozzle switch-on times can be controlled by a microprocessor 21, which processes the numerous temperature measurement values and converts them into corresponding commands for the valve actuators.
  • the nozzles can be controlled individually in furnace regions which are exposed to heat flows which fluctuate widely in space and time, as shown in FIG. 1. In areas with uniform heat loads, several nozzles are controlled in groups.
  • FIG. 2 shows the application of the cooling method shown in FIG. 1 using the example of the side wall 14 of an electric arc furnace.
  • the cooling system is also used in furnace vessel areas which are below the bath surface 11.
  • the melt 12 is located in a refractory material bricked and rammed out from the side wall 14 and the furnace bottom 16 formed furnace bottom, which is made of steel.
  • the furnace vessel according to FIG. 2 is bricked up to above the bath surface 11.
  • the section of the refractory lining marked with 15 is only partially cooled in conventional water-cooled walls for safety reasons, namely from above to the bath surface 11.
  • the isotherm of the lower reaction limit temperature for the chemical wear reactions is moved sufficiently far to the side of the refractory lining facing the bath 12, so that a sufficient residual stone thickness and thus an increased service life of the lining is achieved.
  • FIG. 3 shows the application of the cooling method shown in FIG. 1 using the example of an electrode 17 inserted in the bottom 16 of an electric furnace.
  • the bottom electrode 17 consists of a material with low specific electrical resistance and good thermal conductivity.
  • copper was mainly used as the electrode material.
  • the bottom electrode 17 is in electrical contact with the electrically conductive melt 12 via a solidified portion 23 of the melt and serves to dissipate the electrical current from the melt 12, which generally serves as an anode in direct current and plasma furnaces.
  • cooling in accordance with the inventive concept presented here in addition to a reduction in the cooling water consumption figures, in particular leads to a significant increase in operational and occupational safety.
  • the bottom electrode is fastened interchangeably in the cylindrical holder 25.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

1. A process for cooling parts of the container structure of a metallurgical furnace, which parts are subject to thermal loadings which fluctuate in respect of time and position, comprising a cooling box which is fitted into the wall region to be cooled or which forms the wall region and which includes a heat exchange surface on to which a cooling fluid is sprayed, characterised in that the temperature distribution in respect of space and time, on the heat exchange surface, is detected by a plurality of independent temperature measuring means and cooling fluid is sprayed on to the heat exchange surface region associated with the measurement value, over a large area thereof or in a localised manner, only so lang as the respective measurement value is above the boiling point of the cooling fluid, and that the amount of cooling fluid so sprayed is limited to a value in respect of which the cooling fluid is caused to evaporate spontaneously avoiding the formation of a coherent film of fluid.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Ferner bezieht sie sich auf eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 8.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, it relates to a device according to the preamble of patent claim 8.

Bei der Kühlung eines thermisch hoch beanspruchten Wandbereichs eines metallurgischen Ofens, insbesondere eines Lichtbogenofens, mit örtlich und zeitlich stark schwankender thermischer Beanspruchung der Wand besteht das Problem, ein Filmsieden zu verhindern, d. h. ein Auftreten von dünnen Dampfschichten an der Wärmeaustauschfläche, da diese stark wärmeisolierend wirken, an dieser Stelle den Wärmeaustausch stark herabsetzen und es insbesondere bei Wasserkühlkästen, die selbst die Ofenwandung bilden, zu einer Beschädigung durch örtliche Uberhitzung kommen kann. Um ein Filmsieden zu verhindern, ist es üblich, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Kühlmittels im Bereich der Wärmeaustauschfläche zu erhöhen. Dies wird bei der Kühleinrichtung nach der DE-AS 1 108 372 dadurch erreicht, daß die Kühlflüssigkeit der Wärmeaustauschfläche über mehrere Düsen zugeführt wird, die knapp oberhalb dieser Fläche liegen. Bei dem metallurgischen Ofen gemäß der DE-OS 27 22 681 wird die hohe Strö- - mungsgeschwindigkeit und damit ein Verdampfen der Kühlflüssigkeit durch Verengen des Strömungsquerschnittes des Strömungskanals erreicht.When cooling a thermally highly stressed wall area of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an arc furnace, with thermal stress on the wall that fluctuates greatly in terms of location and time, there is the problem of preventing film boiling, that is to say the occurrence of thin layers of vapor on the heat exchange surface, since these have a highly heat-insulating effect , greatly reduce the heat exchange at this point and damage can be caused by local overheating, especially in water coolers that form the furnace wall itself. In order to prevent film boiling, it is common to increase the flow rate of the coolant in the area of the heat exchange surface. This is achieved in the cooling device according to DE-AS 1 108 372 in that the cooling liquid is supplied to the heat exchange surface via several nozzles, which are just above this area. In the metallurgical furnace according to DE-OS 27 22 681, the high flow rate and thus evaporation of the cooling liquid is achieved by narrowing the flow cross section of the flow channel.

Bei Kühlwassersystemen mit zwangsgeführten Kühlwasserströmen werden an der Wärmeaustauschfläche Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten von 1000 bis 3000 W/K·m2 erreicht, die allerdings Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten von 1 - 3 m/sec erforderlich machen. Bei wassergekühlten Ofenwänden oberhalb der Schmelzzone und einem Temperaturanstieg im Kühlwasser von Z 10 K lassen sich unter günstigen Bedingungen spezifische Kühlwasserverbrauchszahlen von 30 bis 50 1 Wasser/m2.min erzielen. Im allgemeinen liegen diese Verbrauchszahlen jedoch bei ≈ 100 1 Wasser/m2·min.In cooling water systems with forced cooling water flows, heat transfer coefficients of 1000 to 3000 W / K · m 2 are achieved on the heat exchange surface, which however require flow velocities of 1 - 3 m / sec. With water-cooled furnace walls above the melting zone and a temperature increase in the cooling water of Z 10 K, specific cooling water consumption figures of 30 to 50 1 water / m 2 min can be achieved under favorable conditions. In general, however, these consumption figures are ≈ 100 1 water / m 2 · min.

Diese Verbrauchszahlen führen bei offenen Kühlwassersystemen, vorzugsweise in Ländern mit Wassermangel, zu einer erheblichen Kostenbelastung des Elektroofenverfahrens. Bei Verwendung geschlossener Kühlwasserkreisläufe wird die Einrichtung großer Pump-, Kühl- und Aufbereitungskapazitäten erforderlich.With open cooling water systems, preferably in countries with a water shortage, these consumption figures lead to a considerable cost burden for the electric furnace process. If closed cooling water circuits are used, it is necessary to set up large pumping, cooling and treatment capacities.

Bei Ausnutzung der Verdampfungswärme des Wassers von 2257 KJ/Kg sowie der bei der Verdampfungskühlung erreichbaren Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten von 10000 bis 20000 W/K.m2 wäre ein wesentlich wirtschaftlicherer Betrieb möglich.Using the heat of vaporization of the water of 2257 KJ / Kg and the heat transfer coefficients of 10,000 to 20,000 W / km 2 that can be achieved with evaporative cooling would make operation much more economical.

Verdampfungskühlsysteme werden bereits in vielfältiger Weise bei technischen Einrichtungen genutzt. Bei metallurgischen öfen wird diese Kühltechnik beispielsweise an Hochöfen angewendet. Diese öfen sind infolge der kontinuierlichen Prozeßführung durch weitgehend stationäre Betriebszustände gekennzeichnet und liefern damit nahezu konstante Wärmestromdichten an den Wärmeaustauschflächen. Diese Hochofenkühlsysteme können somit wie allgemein bekannte Abhitzeverwertesysteme betrieben werden. Derartige Verdampfungskühlsysteme, die stets bei hohen Systemdrücken arbeiten, sind bei chargenweise betriebenen Elektroöfen nicht einsetzbar, da während des Schmelzverlaufes über die Außenflächen eines Elektroofens räumlich und zeitlich erheblich schwankende Wärmeströme abgeführt werden müssen.Evaporative cooling systems are already used in a variety of ways in technical facilities. In metallurgical furnaces, this cooling technology is used on blast furnaces, for example. These ovens are due to the continuous process control by largely stationary loading drive states and thus supply almost constant heat flow densities on the heat exchange surfaces. These blast furnace cooling systems can thus be operated like generally known waste heat recovery systems. Evaporative cooling systems of this type, which always operate at high system pressures, cannot be used in batch-operated electric furnaces, since heat flows which fluctuate spatially and temporally significantly during the melting process have to be dissipated over the outer surfaces of an electric furnace.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei einem Verfahren bzw. einer Vorrichtung der einleitend genannten Art trotz starker örtlicher und zeitlicher Schwankungen der thermischen Beanspruchung unter Ausnutzung der Verdampfungsenthalpie eine gute Kühlung über die gesamte Wärmeaustauschfläche zu erzielen. Es soll trotz der örtlichen und zeitlichen Schwankungen der thermischen Beanspruchung ein Filmsieden, das zu einer unzulässig hohen örtlichen thermischen Beanspruchung der Wärmeaustauschwand führt, sicher verhindert werden. Ziel der Erfindung ist ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The object of the invention is to achieve good cooling over the entire heat exchange surface in a method or a device of the type mentioned in the introduction, despite strong local and temporal fluctuations in the thermal stress, utilizing the evaporation enthalpy. In spite of the local and temporal fluctuations in the thermal stress, film boiling which leads to an inadmissibly high local thermal stress on the heat exchange wall should be reliably prevented. The aim of the invention is also an apparatus for performing the method.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1, die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 8 gekennzeichnet. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den übrigen Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.The method according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1, the device according to the invention for carrying out the method by the features of claim 8. Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the remaining claims.

Durch die Erfindung lassen sich die Vorteile der Verdampfungskühlung auch für die Kühlung der Außenflächen eines Elektroofens nutzen. Ein wesentliches Merkmal dieser Erfindung ist, daß Elektroöfen bei sehr geringem Kühlwasserverbrauch auch unterhalb der Schmelz- und Schlackenzone gekühlt werden können, ohne daß eine Beeinträchtigung der Betriebssicherheit gegeben ist.The advantages of evaporative cooling can also be used by the invention for cooling the outer surfaces of an electric furnace. An important feature of this invention is that electric furnaces can also be cooled below the melting and slag zone with very little cooling water consumption, without any impairment operational safety is given.

Das erfindungsgemäße Kühlsystem arbeitet bei Normaldruck oder einem geringfügig über 1 bar liegenden Druck und gewährleistet die Anpassung an die instationären Betriebszustände eines Elektroofens, ohne daß gefährliche Kühlwasseransammlungen an der Ofengefäßwand auftreten.The cooling system according to the invention operates at normal pressure or a pressure slightly above 1 bar and ensures adaptation to the transient operating states of an electric furnace without dangerous cooling water accumulations occurring on the furnace vessel wall.

Dies wird durch das Auftragen feinverteilter Kühlwassermengen mitaefiniertem'Tropfenspektrum auf die zu kühlenden Außenflächen erreicht, wobei durch eine Temperaturmeßeinrichtung gewährleistet ist, daß bei Kühlmittelzufuhr die Außenflächentemperatur stets mindestens der Siedetemperatur des Wassers entspricht, damit eine spontane Verdampfung des Kühlwassers eintritt und die Ausbildung zusammenhängender Flüssigkeitsfilme auf der Wärmeaustauschfläche unterbleibt.This is achieved by applying finely divided amounts of cooling water with a defined droplet spectrum to the outer surfaces to be cooled, whereby a temperature measuring device ensures that when the coolant is supplied, the outer surface temperature always corresponds at least to the boiling point of the water, so that spontaneous evaporation of the cooling water occurs and the formation of related liquid films the heat exchange surface is omitted.

Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Kühlsystemen, wie zum Beispiel in der Offenlegungsschrift 1 934 486 beschrieben, wird bei der hier dargelegten Kühlung das Auftreten koexistierender flüssiger und gasförmiger Phasen bewußt vermieden.In contrast to known cooling systems, as described for example in the published patent application 1 934 486, the occurrence of coexisting liquid and gaseous phases is consciously avoided in the cooling described here.

Bei üblichen Verlustleistungen von 29 KW/m2 bei Elektroöfen im Bereich oberhalb der Schmelze kann mit dieser Technik ein Kühlwasserverbrauch von 0,6 1 Wasser/m2· min erreicht werden.With conventional power losses of 29 KW / m 2 for electric furnaces in the area above the melt, this technology can achieve cooling water consumption of 0.6 1 water / m 2 · min.

Der entsprechende theoretische Kühlwasserverbrauch bei einem mit Zwangskonvektion arbeitenden heutigen Kühlsystem liegt bei 41 1 Wasser/m2· min.The corresponding theoretical cooling water consumption in today's cooling system working with forced convection is 41 1 water / m 2 · min.

Zur Erzeugung feinverteilter Wasserströme sind handelsübliche Präzisionsdüsen, zum Beispiel Hohlkegel-, Vollkegel- oder Pneumatikzerstäuberdüsen, geeignet. Schwingend-mechanisch arbeitende Zerstäubereinrichtungen, die beispielsweise mit Ultraschall angeregt werden, können ebenfalls Anwendung finden.Commercially available precision nozzles, for example hollow cone, full cone or pneumatic atomizer nozzles, are suitable for generating finely distributed water flows. Vibrating-mechanical atomizing devices that are excited, for example, with ultrasound can also be used.

Vorzugsweise wird das Kühlmittel mit gleichbleibender Strahlbreite, gleichbleibendem Tropfenspektrum (0 - 100 µm) und gleichbleibender Tropfengeschwindigkeit (20 - 40 m/sec) auf die zu kühlende Fläche aufgebracht.The coolant is preferably applied to the surface to be cooled with a constant jet width, constant drop spectrum (0-100 μm) and constant drop speed (20-40 m / sec).

Beispiele für die Verwirklichung des Erfindungsgedankens werden in den nachfolgend beschriebenen Figuren dargestellt.Examples of the realization of the inventive concept are shown in the figures described below.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt ein Verdampfungskühlsystem 1 mit geschlossenem Kühlmittelkreislauf. Der Systemdruck beträgt ungefähr 1 bar. Das Kühlwasser wird durch Zerstäuberdüsen 3 in feinverteilter Tropfenform 4 auf die zu kühlende Fläche 2 aufgebracht. Die zu kühlende Fläche 2 und eine Befestigungsfläche 26 für die Düsen 3 bilden einen nach außen abgeschlossenen Raum. Der bei der Verdampfung entstehende Sattdampf wird mittels einer Sattdampfpumpe 5 durch eine Sattdampfleitung 22 dem Kondensator 6 zugeführt. Das dabei entstehende kondensierte Kühlmittel wird in einem Behälter 7 gesammelt und mit einer Flüssigkeitspumpe 8 in einen Druckbehälter 18 gepumpt. Der Druckbehälter 18 gewährleistet bei geöffnetem Ventil 20 einen weitgehend konstanten Flüssigkeitsdruck in der Zuleitung 19.1 shows an evaporative cooling system 1 with a closed coolant circuit. The system pressure is approximately 1 bar. The cooling water is applied through atomizing nozzles 3 in finely divided droplet form 4 to the surface 2 to be cooled. The surface 2 to be cooled and a fastening surface 26 for the nozzles 3 form a space which is closed off from the outside. The saturated steam generated during evaporation is fed to the condenser 6 by means of a saturated steam pump 5 through a saturated steam line 22. The resulting condensed coolant is collected in a container 7 and pumped into a pressure container 18 with a liquid pump 8. When the valve 20 is open, the pressure vessel 18 ensures a largely constant liquid pressure in the feed line 19.

Teile des Kühlmittels, die unkontrolliert kondensieren, werden durch eine Kondensatrückführungsleitung 9 dem Behälter 7 zugeleitet.Parts of the coolant that condense in an uncontrolled manner are fed to the container 7 through a condensate return line 9.

Die Temperatur der zu kühlenden Fläche 2 wird mit einer Vielzahl voneinander unabhängiger Thermofühler 10 ständig gemessen. Bei einem örtlich begrenzten oder großflächigen Überschreiten der unteren Grenztemperatur, die der Siedetemperatur des Wassers entspricht, werden die entsprechend räumlich zugeordneten Zerstäuberdüsen durch öffnen der Ventile 20 betätigt. Das Kühlwasser wird dann mit gleichbleibendem Volumenstrom solange auf die Oberfläche 2 aufgebracht, bis die untere Grenztemperatur erreicht ist. Die Betriebsweise der Zerstäuberdüsen 3 ist somit intermittierend. Die Steuerung der Düseneinschaltzeiten kann durch einen Mikroprozessor 21 erfolgen, der die vielzähligen Temperaturmeßwerte verarbeitet und in entsprechende Befehle für die Ventilstellglieder umsetzt.The temperature of the surface 2 to be cooled is continuously measured with a large number of independent thermal sensors 10. With a local or large area If the lower limit temperature, which corresponds to the boiling point of the water, is exceeded, the corresponding spatially assigned atomizing nozzles are actuated by opening the valves 20. The cooling water is then applied to the surface 2 with a constant volume flow until the lower limit temperature is reached. The mode of operation of the atomizing nozzles 3 is thus intermittent. The nozzle switch-on times can be controlled by a microprocessor 21, which processes the numerous temperature measurement values and converts them into corresponding commands for the valve actuators.

An Ofenbereichen, die räumlich und zeitlich stark schwankenden Wärmeflüssen ausgesetzt sind, können, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, die Düsen einzeln gesteuert werden. In Gebieten mit gleichmäßiger Wärmebelastung werden mehrere Düsen gruppenweise gesteuert.The nozzles can be controlled individually in furnace regions which are exposed to heat flows which fluctuate widely in space and time, as shown in FIG. 1. In areas with uniform heat loads, several nozzles are controlled in groups.

Nachfolgend werden die Kennzahlen eines Ausführungsbeispiels aufgeführt:

Figure imgb0001
The key figures of an exemplary embodiment are listed below:
Figure imgb0001

Die Fig. 2 zeigt die Anwendung des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Kühlverfahrens am Beispiel der Seitenwand 14 eines Elektrolichtbogenofens. In diesem Beispiel wird das Kühlsystem auch in Ofengefäßbereichen angewandt, die unterhalb der Badoberfläche 11 liegen. Die Schmelze 12 befindet sich in einem mit feuerfestem Material 13 ausgemauerten und ausgestampften aus der Seitenwand 14 und dem Ofenboden 16 gebildeten Ofengefäßunterteil, das aus Stahl gefertigt ist. Bei einer feuerfesten Neuzustellung des Elektrolichtbogenofens wird das Ofengefäß entsprechend Fig. 2 bis über die Badoberfläche 11 ausgemauert. Der mit 15 gekennzeichnete Abschnitt der feuerfesten Ausmauerung wird entgegen der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Kühltechnik bei herkömmlichen wassergekühlten Wänden aus Sicherheitsgründen nur teilweise, und zwar von oben her bis zur Badoberfläche 11 gekühlt. Da der Verschleiß der feuerfesten Baustoffe 13 im wesentlichen auf chemische Umsetzungen mit der flüssigen Schmelze 12 zurückzuführen und damit stark temperaturabhängig ist, ist bei einer Verwirklichung des Erfindungsgedankens entsprechend Fig. 2 mit einer erheblichen Verminderung des Verbrauches an feuerfesten Werkstoffen im Badbereich zu rechnen.FIG. 2 shows the application of the cooling method shown in FIG. 1 using the example of the side wall 14 of an electric arc furnace. In this example, the cooling system is also used in furnace vessel areas which are below the bath surface 11. The melt 12 is located in a refractory material bricked and rammed out from the side wall 14 and the furnace bottom 16 formed furnace bottom, which is made of steel. In the case of a refractory relining of the electric arc furnace, the furnace vessel according to FIG. 2 is bricked up to above the bath surface 11. Contrary to the cooling technology shown in FIG. 2, the section of the refractory lining marked with 15 is only partially cooled in conventional water-cooled walls for safety reasons, namely from above to the bath surface 11. Since the wear of the refractory materials 13 is essentially due to chemical reactions with the liquid melt 12 and is therefore strongly temperature-dependent, a considerable reduction in the consumption of refractory materials in the bathroom area can be expected if the inventive idea according to FIG. 2 is implemented.

Durch die gezielte Wärmeabfuhr in dem mit 15 gekennzeichneten Bereich wird die Isotherme der unteren Reaktionsgrenztemperatur für die chemischen Verschleißreaktionen genügend weit auf die dem Bad 12 zugewandte Seite der feuerfesten Zustellung verlegt, so daß eine ausreichende Reststeindicke und damit eine erhöhte Lebensdauer der Auskleidung erreicht wird.Due to the targeted heat dissipation in the area marked with 15, the isotherm of the lower reaction limit temperature for the chemical wear reactions is moved sufficiently far to the side of the refractory lining facing the bath 12, so that a sufficient residual stone thickness and thus an increased service life of the lining is achieved.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt die Anwendung des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Kühlverfahrens am Beispiel einer im Boden 16 eines Elektroofens eingesetzten Elektrode 17. Die Bodenelektrode 17 besteht aus einem Werkstoff mit geringem spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand und guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Bei den im Schrifttum bekannt gewordenen Bodenelektroden wurde als Elektrodenwerkstoff vorwiegend Kupfer verwendet.FIG. 3 shows the application of the cooling method shown in FIG. 1 using the example of an electrode 17 inserted in the bottom 16 of an electric furnace. The bottom electrode 17 consists of a material with low specific electrical resistance and good thermal conductivity. In the case of the floor electrodes that became known in the literature, copper was mainly used as the electrode material.

Die Bodenelektrode 17 steht in elektrischem Kontakt mit der elektrisch leitenden Schmelze 12 über eine erstarrte Teilmenge 23 der Schmelze und dient zur Abführung des elektrischen Stromes von der bei Gleichstrom- und Plasmaöfen im allgemeinen als Anode dienenden Schmelze 12.The bottom electrode 17 is in electrical contact with the electrically conductive melt 12 via a solidified portion 23 of the melt and serves to dissipate the electrical current from the melt 12, which generally serves as an anode in direct current and plasma furnaces.

Gegenüber den bisher bekannten Kühleinrichtungen für derartige-Bodenelektroden, die ausschließlich mit zwangsgeführtem Kühlwasser arbeiten, führt eine Kühlung nach dem hier dargelegten Erfindungsgedanken neben einer Herabsetzung der Kühlwasserverbrauchszahlen insbesondere zu einer bedeutenden Erhöhung der Betriebs- und Arbeitssicherheit.Compared to the previously known cooling devices for floor electrodes of this type, which work exclusively with positively guided cooling water, cooling in accordance with the inventive concept presented here, in addition to a reduction in the cooling water consumption figures, in particular leads to a significant increase in operational and occupational safety.

Bei dem hier dargestellten Beispiel dient das Stromrohr 24, das über die elektrisch leitende Befestigungsplatte 26 der Düsen 3 mit der Bodenelektrode 17 verbunden ist, zugleich als Sattdampfableitung 22. Die Bodenelektrode ist auswechselbar in der zylinderförmigen Halterung 25 befestigt.In the example shown here, the current tube 24, which is connected to the bottom electrode 17 via the electrically conductive mounting plate 26 of the nozzles 3, also serves as a saturated steam discharge line 22. The bottom electrode is fastened interchangeably in the cylindrical holder 25.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zum Kühlen von Gefäßteilen eines metallurgischen Ofens, insbesondere eines Lichtbogenofens, mit einem in den zu kühlenden Wandbereich eingesetzten oder den Wandbereich bildenden Kühlkasten, der eine Wärmeaustauschfläche enthält, auf die eine Kühlflüssigkeit aufgesprüht wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die räumliche und zeitliche Temperaturverteilung auf der Wärmeaustauschfläche durch eine Vielzahl unabhängiger Temperaturmeßstellen erfaßt und entsprechend den erhaltenen Meßwerten großflächig oder örtlich begrenzt Kühlflüssigkeit nur so lange auf den dem Meßwert zugeordneten Bereich der Wärmeaustauschfläche aufgesprüht wird, solange der betreffende Meßwert oberhalb des Siedepunktes der Kühlflüssigkeit liegt und daß die aufgesprühte Menge auf einen Wert begrenzt wird, bei dem es unter Vermeidung eines zusammenhängenden Flüssigkeitsfilms zu einer spontanen Verdampfung der Kühlflüssigkeit kommt.1. Method for cooling vessel parts of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an arc furnace, with a cooling box which is inserted into the wall region to be cooled or forms the wall region and contains a heat exchange surface onto which a cooling liquid is sprayed,
characterized in that the spatial and temporal temperature distribution on the heat exchange surface is detected by a large number of independent temperature measuring points and, according to the measured values obtained, cooling liquid is sprayed onto the area of the heat exchange surface that is large or locally limited only as long as the measured value in question is above the boiling point Cooling liquid is and that the sprayed amount is limited to a value at which there is a spontaneous evaporation of the cooling liquid while avoiding a coherent liquid film. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlflüssigkeit mit einer Tropfengröße von maximal 100 µm auf die Wärmeaustauschfläche aufgesprüht wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling liquid is sprayed with a droplet size of at most 100 microns on the heat exchange surface. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlflüssigkeit mittels Zerstäuberdüsen auf;die Wärmeaustauschfläche aufgesprüht wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cooling liquid by means of atomizing nozzles ; the heat exchange surface is sprayed on. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 gekennzeichnet durch seine Anwendung zur Kühlung des Deckels eines Elektroofens insbesondere eines Lichtbogenofens.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by its application for cooling the lid of an electric furnace, in particular an arc furnace. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 gekennzeichnet durch seine Anwendung zur Kühlung der Außenflächen des Ofengefäßes eines metallurgischen Ofens unterhalb der Schmelz- und Schlackenzone.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by its application for cooling the outer surfaces the furnace vessel of a metallurgical furnace below the melting and slag zone. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 gekennzeichnet durch seine Anwendung zur Kühlung eines mit dem Schmelzbad in Verbindung stehenden und am Ofengefäß austretenden elektrischen Kontaktstückes eines Elektroofens. x 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized by its use for cooling an electrical contact piece of an electric furnace which is connected to the melting bath and emerges at the furnace vessel. x 7. Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 6 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verwendete Kühlflüssigkeit Wasser ist.7. The method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cooling liquid used is water. 8. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, mit einem in den zu kühlenden Wandbereich eines metallurgischen Ofens, insbesondere eines Lichtbogenofens eingesetzten oder den Wandbereich bildenden Kühlkasten der eine Wärmeaustauschfläche und dieser gegenüberliegend eine Einrichtung zum Aufsprühen einer Kühlflüssigkeit auf die Wärmeaustauschfläche enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlflüssigkeit durch die Aufsprüheinrichtung auf verschiedene Bereiche der Wärmeaustauschfläche unterschiedlich dosiert aufsprühbar ist und die Steuerung der Aufsprüheinrichtung durch einen Mikroprozessor auf der Grundlage von Temperaturmeßwerten erfolgt, die durch eine Vielzahl von über die Wärmeaustauschfläche verteilt angeordneten Temperaturmeßgebern geliefert wird.8. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 7, with a in the wall area to be cooled of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an arc furnace or the wall area forming cooling box of a heat exchange surface and opposite a device for spraying a cooling liquid onto the heat exchange surface contains, characterized in that the cooling liquid can be sprayed onto the different areas of the heat exchange surface in different doses by the spraying device and the control of the spraying device is carried out by a microprocessor on the basis of temperature measurement values, which is supplied by a large number of temperature sensors distributed over the heat exchange surface.
EP81105529A 1980-07-19 1981-07-14 Method and apparatus for the cooling of vessel parts of a metallurgical furnace, especially an electric-arc furnace Expired EP0044512B1 (en)

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AT81105529T ATE6095T1 (en) 1980-07-19 1981-07-14 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING VESSEL PARTS OF A METALLURGICAL FURNACE, IN PARTICULAR AN ARC FURNACE.

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DE3027465A DE3027465C1 (en) 1980-07-19 1980-07-19 Method and device for cooling vessel parts of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an arc furnace

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DE3603783A1 (en) * 1985-02-07 1986-08-07 Elkem As SIDE WALL FOR A METALLURGICAL MELTING FURNACE
EP0197137A1 (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-10-15 Ronald G Heggart Furnace cooling system and method.
WO1989003011A1 (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-04-06 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Vessels for containing molten metal
EP0335042A1 (en) * 1988-03-08 1989-10-04 Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation Improved cooling system and method for molten material handling vessels
EP0393970A2 (en) * 1989-04-20 1990-10-24 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Cooling of hot bodies
FR2652890A1 (en) * 1989-10-11 1991-04-12 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech ELECTRICAL CONNECTION DEVICE FOR PLACING ON THE WALL OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER IN CONTACT WITH A MOLTEN METAL.
EP0472254A2 (en) * 1990-08-23 1992-02-26 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Metallurgical vessel with metal electrode
DE4103508A1 (en) * 1991-02-06 1992-08-13 Kortec Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING VESSEL PARTS FOR CARRYING OUT PYRO METHODS, IN PARTICULAR METALLURGICAL TYPE
WO1995012797A1 (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-11 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Cooling of hot bodies
EP0740121A1 (en) * 1995-04-27 1996-10-30 Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation A side-wall assembly for electric arc furnaces
US5653936A (en) * 1994-07-25 1997-08-05 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Method of cooling a hot surface and an arrangement for carrying out the method
WO2006089971A2 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 Paul Wurth S.A. Electric arc furnace
US7527715B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2009-05-05 Aluminum Pechiney Method and system for cooling an electrolytic cell for aluminum production
LU91408B1 (en) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-13 Wurth Paul Sa Cooling of a metallurgical smelting reduction vessel
US7644752B2 (en) 2002-09-16 2010-01-12 Bio 3D Applications Regulating heat exchange and cooling method and system for monitoring and controlling the temperatures of walls subjected to high temperatures
DE102009031355A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft A method of cooling a cooling element of an electric arc furnace, electric arc furnace for melting metallic material, and control and / or regulating device for an electric arc furnace

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DE19529924C1 (en) * 1995-08-01 1996-10-31 Mannesmann Ag Arc furnace with simple arc spot displacement mechanism
US11619450B2 (en) * 2019-09-04 2023-04-04 Systems Spray-Cooled, Inc. Stand alone copper burner panel for a metallurgical furnace

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Cited By (28)

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EP0197137A1 (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-10-15 Ronald G Heggart Furnace cooling system and method.
EP0197137A4 (en) * 1984-10-12 1988-02-18 Ronald G Heggart Furnace cooling system and method.
AU592957B2 (en) * 1984-10-12 1990-02-01 Union Carbide Corporation Furnace cooling by spraying
DE3603783A1 (en) * 1985-02-07 1986-08-07 Elkem As SIDE WALL FOR A METALLURGICAL MELTING FURNACE
WO1989003011A1 (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-04-06 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Vessels for containing molten metal
EP0335042A1 (en) * 1988-03-08 1989-10-04 Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation Improved cooling system and method for molten material handling vessels
EP0393970A2 (en) * 1989-04-20 1990-10-24 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Cooling of hot bodies
EP0393970A3 (en) * 1989-04-20 1990-12-19 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Cooling of hot bodies
FR2652890A1 (en) * 1989-10-11 1991-04-12 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech ELECTRICAL CONNECTION DEVICE FOR PLACING ON THE WALL OF A METALLURGICAL CONTAINER IN CONTACT WITH A MOLTEN METAL.
EP0423003A1 (en) * 1989-10-11 1991-04-17 Irsid Sa Electrical connecting device to be placed on the wall of a metallurgical vessel and in contact with a molten metal
US5125003A (en) * 1989-10-11 1992-06-23 Francaise Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Bottom electrode cooled sleeve for a metallurgical container
EP0472254A2 (en) * 1990-08-23 1992-02-26 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Metallurgical vessel with metal electrode
EP0472254A3 (en) * 1990-08-23 1992-04-29 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Metallurgical vessel with metal electrode
US5290016A (en) * 1991-02-06 1994-03-01 Emil Elsner Arrangement for cooling vessel portions of a furnace, in particular a metallurgical furnace
DE4103508A1 (en) * 1991-02-06 1992-08-13 Kortec Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING VESSEL PARTS FOR CARRYING OUT PYRO METHODS, IN PARTICULAR METALLURGICAL TYPE
WO1995012797A1 (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-11 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Cooling of hot bodies
AU679580B2 (en) * 1993-11-03 1997-07-03 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Cooling of hot bodies
US5797274A (en) * 1993-11-03 1998-08-25 Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited Cooling of hot bodies
US5653936A (en) * 1994-07-25 1997-08-05 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Method of cooling a hot surface and an arrangement for carrying out the method
EP0740121A1 (en) * 1995-04-27 1996-10-30 Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation A side-wall assembly for electric arc furnaces
US7527715B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2009-05-05 Aluminum Pechiney Method and system for cooling an electrolytic cell for aluminum production
US7644752B2 (en) 2002-09-16 2010-01-12 Bio 3D Applications Regulating heat exchange and cooling method and system for monitoring and controlling the temperatures of walls subjected to high temperatures
WO2006089971A2 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 Paul Wurth S.A. Electric arc furnace
WO2006089971A3 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-11-23 Wurth Paul Sa Electric arc furnace
LU91408B1 (en) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-13 Wurth Paul Sa Cooling of a metallurgical smelting reduction vessel
WO2009087183A1 (en) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 Paul Wurth S.A. Cooling of a metallurgical smelting reduction vessel
DE102009031355A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft A method of cooling a cooling element of an electric arc furnace, electric arc furnace for melting metallic material, and control and / or regulating device for an electric arc furnace
EP2449136A2 (en) * 2009-07-01 2012-05-09 Siemens AG Method for cooling a cooling element of an electric arc furnace, electric arc furnace for melting down metal articles, and control device for an electric arc furnace

Also Published As

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BR8104601A (en) 1982-04-06
ES504094A0 (en) 1982-06-16
ES8205459A1 (en) 1982-06-16
DE3027465C1 (en) 1982-03-18
ATE6095T1 (en) 1984-02-15
EP0044512B1 (en) 1984-02-01
JPS5752788A (en) 1982-03-29

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