EP0089282A1 - Process and device for the protection of a casting stream of liquid metal - Google Patents
Process and device for the protection of a casting stream of liquid metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0089282A1 EP0089282A1 EP83400493A EP83400493A EP0089282A1 EP 0089282 A1 EP0089282 A1 EP 0089282A1 EP 83400493 A EP83400493 A EP 83400493A EP 83400493 A EP83400493 A EP 83400493A EP 0089282 A1 EP0089282 A1 EP 0089282A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inert gas
- sheath
- metal
- liquid metal
- receptacle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 is used Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/106—Shielding the molten jet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
- B22D1/005—Injection assemblies therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to the protection of a jet of liquid metal flowing between an upper reservoir and a lower receptacle.
- this ascending protective sheath is formed by injecting the inert gas around the impact zone of said jet and confining said inert gas above the surface of the liquid metal and around the base of said jet by means of a sheath, open at its two ends, surrounding the base of said jet and partially immersed in the liquid metal.
- the shielding gas confined around the jet and brought to high temperature is subjected to an upward force which allows the formation of a protective gaseous sheath along the metal jet flowing against it and opposing it. to any entrainment of air by the flowing metal.
- the subject of the present invention is a new process for creating an ascending protective sheath of this type.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that that at least one inert liquefied inert gas is injected above and near the surface of the liquid metal contained in the lower receptacle and, simultaneously, an inert gas is injected into the liquid metal through the bottom or the walls of said receptacle.
- the injection of a liquefied inert gas above and near the surface of the liquid metal is carried out by injection of said gas inside the sheath and slightly below the upper opening of said scabbard.
- the protective layer of liquefied gas thus formed on the surface of liquid metal vaporizes and generates, inside the sheath, a gaseous atmosphere which escapes through the upper opening of the latter and prevents any entrainment of air by the casting jet.
- the simultaneous injection, according to the invention, of an inert gas into the liquid metal through the bottom or the walls of the receptacle, below the jet impact zone also participates in the formation of this protective sheath rising gas.
- the injection of the inert gas into the liquid metal causes mixing of said metal which prevents parasitic solidifications, promotes coalescence of the inclusions and therefore subsequent decantation of the latter, and allows a purging effect, that is to say say the desorption of the gases dissolved in the bath; this avoids the formation of a crust which, without stirring the metal bath, would form after a certain time.
- the liquefied inert gas and the inert gas injected into the liquid metal are either of the same nature or of a different nature.
- the ascending gaseous atmosphere formed For the ascending gaseous atmosphere formed to be considered inert with respect to the metal, it must contain less than 5% oxygen.
- a representative value of this oxygen content is the ratio V 2 T 2 (V 2 and T 2 being the speed and the temperature at which the ascending gaseous atmosphere formed reaches the upper opening of the sheath); these characteristics of the ascending gas flow can be associated with the backscattering of the air due to the fact that said flow prevents air from entering the sheath, and therefore the oxygen content of said gas flow.
- the inert gas used is nitrogen
- the value is determined experimentally > 3.5. 10 -4 m / s / ° K necessary for the oxygen content of the atmosphere to be less than 5%; and, taking into account the parameters relating to nitrogen (T 1 , ⁇ L , ⁇ G ) and the dimensions of the sleeve used (sections Si and S 2 ), the flow rate of the nitrogen injected is adjusted according to equation (1 ) and / or (2).
- the inert gas used is argon
- the value is determined experimentally which must be greater than 1.7. 10 -4 m / s / ° K and the flow rate of the argon injected is adjusted according to equation (1) and / or (2).
- the protection of the jet of liquid metal is completed, immediately at its outlet from the bottom of the upper reservoir, by creating a gaseous protection atmosphere formed from at least one gas which is practically inert vis-à-vis with respect to said metal, said atmosphere enveloping a shutter device mounted externally on the bottom of said upper tank, comprising a fixed plate and a movable assembly comprising a movable plate applied against said fixed plate and a metal support integral with said movable plate for at least one nozzle which can come into communication with the liquid metal flow hole.
- the inert gaseous atmosphere formed is more particularly opposed to any air infiltration in the gap between the fixed plate and the movable plate as well as in the junction zone between the movable plate and the nozzle (s) and also protects the metal jet just out of one of the nozzles.
- the invention also relates to an installation for transferring a liquid metal implementing the process under consideration which comprises an upper reservoir and a lower receptacle provided with an internal refractory lining and a sheath made of refractory material, open at its two ends , the upper opening of said sheath being located below the outlet of the upper tank, the lower end of said sheath being located at a distance from the bottom of the lower receptacle while the upper end of said sheath projects widely above the edge of said lower receptacle.
- This installation comprises means for injecting an inert gas liquefied inside said sheath and slightly below the upper opening of said sheath and means for injecting at least one inert gas from the bottom or the walls of the lower receptacle.
- an upper tank (1) contains molten metal which, after passing through a plate closure device (2) mounted externally on the bottom of the tank (1), flows in the form of a jet J and arrives in a lower receptacle (3).
- the walls and the bottom of this receptacle (3) are formed of an external breastplate (4), an intermediate lining of sand (5) and an internal refractory lining (6).
- This sheath has two parts (9) and (10); the upper part (9) projects widely above the edges of the receptacle (3); it is in the form of a pyramid trunk comprising four walls (9a, 9b, 9c, 9d); two opposite walls (9a and 9b) of this upper part (9) bear on two opposite upper edges of the receptacle (3).
- the lower part (10) consists of two vertical plates (10a, 10b) in line with the parts (9d and 9c) of the part (9), immersed in the bath of liquid metal (8).
- the sheath (7) is arranged so that its axis substantially coincides with the jet J.
- the lower opening of the sleeve (7) has a section Si and the upper opening a section 5 2 .
- a tank of liquefied inert gas (11) is connected by a conduit (12) provided with a valve (13) to a phase separator (14) which, via a valve (15) for regulating flow , supplies liquefied gas to an injection tube (16) with calibrated orifice (17); this injection tube (16) opens slightly below the upper opening of the sleeve (7).
- porous elements (21) are connected by pipes (22) placed in the intermediate sand lining (5) and connected to a distributor (23) itself connected to a source (24) of pressurized inert gas.
- the operation of the installation shown in Figures 1 and 2 is as follows.
- the liquefied inert gas from the reservoir (11) is injected into the upper part (9) of the sheath (7) using the injection tube (16) which pours this liquefied inert gas directly onto the surface of the liquid metal bath ( 8) contained in the receptacle (3).
- the liquefied inert gas thus poured forms, by calefaction, a liquid layer on the part of the surface of the bath (8) which is between the plates (10a) and (10b) and vaporizes by creating an ascending gas sheath which, at start, expels the air which was contained in the sheath (7) then opposes any entry of air possibly brought by the casting jet J.
- this ascending protective sheath flows in the direction of the arrows F, in the direction of the pouring jet J.
- the inert gas from the source (24) is injected into the liquid metal bath (8) around the impact zone of the jet J, by means of the porous elements (21).
- the gas escapes in bubbles which burst on the surface of the bath (8) and form an ascending gas column which, channeled by the sheath (7), flows according to the arrows F.
- the injection of the gas inert in the metal bath (8) causes mixing of said bath and makes it possible to avoid the formation of a crust on the surface of the bath (8), as explained above.
- the flow rates of the inert gas injected into the liquid metal are adjusted, as explained above, in such a way that the speed-to-temperature ratio of the atmosphere formed in the sheath corresponds to an oxygen content of this lower atmosphere. at 5 %.
- metal nozzles (25) are incorporated into the internal refractory lining (6) of the bottom of the receptacle (3). These nozzles (25) are connected (in the same way as the porous elements (21) of FIGS. 1 and 2) to a source of inert pressurized gas (24) by means of pipes (22). All the elements of this installation (with the exception of the nozzles (25) which replace the porous elements (21 "are identical and bear the same references as those of the installation shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; and the operation is the same .
- an upper reservoir (41) contains molten metal which, after passing through a plate shutter device (42), flows in the form of a jet J and arrives in a lower receptacle (43).
- the walls and the bottom of this receptacle (43) are formed of an outer breastplate (44), an intermediate lining of sand (45) and an internal refractory lining (46).
- This sheath (47) has two parts (49) and ( 50); the upper part (49) is in the form of a pyramid trunk comprising four walls (49a, 49b, 49c, 49d); two opposite walls (49a and 49b) of this part (49) bear on two opposite edges of the receptacle (43).
- the lower part (50) consists of two vertical plates (50a) and (50b), in line with the parts (49c) and (49d) of the part (49), immersed in the bath of liquid metal (48).
- the sleeve (47) is arranged so that its axis substantially coincides with the jet J.
- metal nozzles (51) pass through the internal refractory lining (46) of the walls of the receptacle (43) these nozzles (51) are connected, via tubes (52), placed in the intermediate sand lining (45), to a distributor (53), itself connected to a source (54) of pressurized inert gas.
- porous elements (55) are incorporated into the internal refractory lining (46) of the walls of the receptacle (43); these porous elements (55) are connected by pipes (52 ') to a distributor (53'), itself connected to a source of inert gas under pressure (the elements (52 ') and (53') are identical to elements (52) and (53)).
- conduits (56) are formed longitudinally in the refractory lining (46) of the walls of the receptacle (43). These conduits (56) are connected, at their upper part, by means of pipes (57), to a distributor (58), itself connected to a source of inert pressurized gas (not shown in the figure).
- the conduits (56) communicate, at their lower part, with conduits (59) which are formed transversely in the refractory lining (46) and which open into the bath of molten metal contained in the receptacle (43).
- the inert gas used is argon.
- the atmosphere formed in the sheath have an oxygen content of less than 1%.
- argon gas is injected into the liquid metal bath at a rate of 20 m 3 / h.
- This quantity of argon gas is, according to equation (2), equivalent from the point of view of inerting efficiency at 0.41 liters / min of liquid argon.
- Argon gas is therefore injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 20 m 3 / h into the liquid metal and liquefied argon at the inlet of the sheath at a flow rate of 4.32 1 / min / m 2 .
- the liquid inert gas used is nitrogen and the inert gas injected into the liquid metal bath is argon.
- the atmosphere formed in the sheath have an oxygen content of less than 1%.
- G 4.6 kg / m 3 .
- argon gas is injected into the liquid metal at a rate of 20 m 3 / h which is, according to equation (2), equivalent to 0.41 1 / min of liquefied argon.
- Argon gas is therefore injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 20 m 3 / h into the liquid metal and liquefied nitrogen at the inlet of the sheath at a flow rate of 13.7 1 / min% m 2 .
- FIG. 6 shows the plate shutter device (2) (or (42)) mounted externally on the bottom of the upper tank (1) (or (41)).
- This plate shutter device is of known type and described in application No. 80.19.837 of September 15, 1980, in the name of the applicant. It comprises a fixed plate (60) and a movable plate (61) applied one against the other, the movable plate (61) being rotatably mounted and carrying two nozzles (62); the plates (60) and (61) and the nozzles (62) are made of refractory material, for example of impregnated alumina.
- the movable plate (61) is provided with a toothed wheel (36), capable of being driven by a pinion (37) connected to a motor (not shown in the figure).
- the plate (60) is traversed by an orifice (63), placed in alignment with the taphole (64) which is formed in the internal refractory lining (65) e: the external metallic armor (6b) constituting the bottom of the tank (1).
- the movable plate is crossed by two passages (67).
- Each nozzle (62) is traversed by a channel (68) and permanently mounted (for example by a bayonet system) on the movable plate (61) by means of a metal support (69) so that its channel (68) is in alignment with the corresponding passage (67).
- a metal housing (70) is sealingly mounted on the bottom of the container (1) and almost completely envelops the closure device (2); an opening (71) is provided in the lower part of the housing (70) for the passage of nozzles.
- the inert gas introduced through the conduit (72) flows into the housing (70) and escapes through the opening (71).
- This inert gas thus forms an atmosphere which protects the device (2) against atmospheric air, and more particularly the gap between the plates (60) and (61) and the junction zone between the nozzles (62) and the plate. (61), as well as the jet of liquid metal at its outlet from one of the nozzles (62).
- FIG. 7 represents a shutter device with plates (2) identical to that of FIG. 6 (the same references have been assigned to the same elements), but which comprises, in addition, a spring means (73) for holding the plates ( 60) and (61) against each other.
- a housing (70) identical to that of FIG. 6 envelops the device (2).
- the spring means (73) comprises a stop (74) in the form of an inverted cup open at its lower end and secured to the plate (61) by means of the metal support (69), a support piece (75) in the form of a piston integral with the plate (60) and a spring (76) interposed between the stop (74) and the part (75).
- FIG. 8 represents a shutter device with plates (2) identical to that of FIG. 6 (the same references have been assigned to the same elements), but which comprises, in addition, two spring means (80) for holding the plates ( 60) and (61) against each other.
- the spring means (80) comprise a stop (81) in the form of an inverted cup open at its lower end and integral with the plate (61) by means of the metal support (69), a support piece (82) in the form of a piston secured to the plate (60) and a spring (83) interposed between the stop (81) and the piece (82).
- a conduit (84) connected to a source of compressed air, opens into the stop (81).
- a metallic ferrule (85) is arranged concentrically with the movable plate (61); it is integral at its upper end (86) with the fixed plate (60) and its lower end (87) stops near the upper part (88) of the spring means (80).
- the ferrule (85) has an opening (not shown in the figure) for the passage of the drive pinion (not shown in the figure) of the movable plate (61).
- a protective metal plate (90), provided with openings (91), is fixed to the support (69) (for example by keying), at a distance and below said support (69).
- a conduit (92), connected to a source of inert pressurized gas (not shown in the figure), is fixed to the support (69) (for example by welding) and opens into the space defined by the movable plate (61) and the protection plate (90).
- FIG. 8 The operation of the installation of FIG. 8 is as follows: an inert gas is injected through the conduit (89) inside the ferrule (85); this inert gas spreads in the space defined by the ferrule (85) and thus protects the gap between the plates (60) and (61) as well as the junction zone between the nozzles (62) and the plate (61) ; it then flows through the openings (91). Simultaneously, an inert gas is injected through the conduit (92); this inert gas spreads in the space between »the metal support (69) and the protection plate (90), then flows through the openings 191) thus protecting the jet of liquid metal on leaving one of the nozzles (b2). On the other hand, the spring means (80) are cooled by injection of compressed air through the conduits (84).
- FIG. 9 represents a plate shutter device (2) comprising two spring means (80), identical to that of FIG. 8 (the same references have been assigned to same elements).
- a metal ferrule (95), concentric with the movable plate (61) is integral, at its upper end (96), with the fixed plate (60); its lower end (97) stops near the upper part (88) of the spring means (80).
- the ferrule (95) has an opening (not shown in the figure) for the passage of the drive pinion (not shown in the figure) of the movable plate (61).
- a protective metal plate (98), provided with openings (99) is fixed to the support (69) (for example by keying), at a distance and below said support (69).
- This duct (101) is flexible from a certain moment so as not to hinder the movement of the moving assembly.
- an inert gas is injected through the conduit (101) into the gap (104); this inert gas spreads in the gap (104), then in the space defined by the ferrule (95) and thus protects the junction zone between the nozzles (62) and the plate (61) as well as the gap between the plates (60) and (61); it then flows through the openings (99).
- an inert gas is injected through the conduit (100); this inert gas spreads in the space between the metal support (69) and the protection plate (98), then flows through the openings (99) thus protecting the jet of liquid metal on leaving one of the nozzles (62).
- the spring means (80) are cooled by injection of compressed air through the conduits (84).
- a gas that is practically inert with respect to the liquid metal such as nitrogen or argon, is used, or a mixture of inert gases.
- the invention applies to the protection of all metal casting jets, vertical or parabolic, in particular between ladle and distributor, between ladle and ingot mold, between ladle and ladle, between converter (or oven) and ladle.
Abstract
L'invention concerne la protection d'un et de coulée de métal liquide, s'écoulant encre un réservoir supérieur et un réceptacle inférieur. Selon le procédé on injecte au moins un gaz inerte liquéfié au-dessus et à proximité de la surface du métal liquide contenu dans le réceptacle inférieur et, simultanément, on injecte au moins un gaz inerte dans le métal liquide par le fond ou les parois dudit receptacle. L'invention s'applique à la protection de jets de coulée de métaux, notamment entre poche et répartiteur, entre poche et lingotière, entre poche et poche, entre convertisseur (ou four) et poche.The invention relates to the protection of a and pouring of liquid metal, flowing in ink an upper reservoir and a lower receptacle. According to the method, at least one liquefied inert gas is injected above and near the surface of the liquid metal contained in the lower receptacle and, simultaneously, at least one inert gas is injected into the liquid metal through the bottom or the walls of said receptacle. The invention applies to the protection of metal casting jets, in particular between ladle and distributor, between ladle and ingot mold, between ladle and ladle, between converter (or oven) and ladle.
Description
L'invention concerne la protection d'un jet de métal liquide s'écoulant entre un réservoir supérieur et un réceptacle inférieur.The invention relates to the protection of a jet of liquid metal flowing between an upper reservoir and a lower receptacle.
Certains procédés utilisés jusqu'à présent pour protéger un jet de coulée de métal fondu consistent à déverser un gaz inerte liquéfié à la partie supérieure dudit jet. Par exemple, le brevet français 2.403.852, au nom du demandeur, décrit un procédé selon lequel le gaz inerte liquéfié est délivré autour du jet par un dispositif généralement torique disposé sous le réservoir supérieur.Ce système n'est pas toujour satisfaisant ; en effet, la création d'une atmosphère inerte sur tout le trajet du jet peut parfois prendre un certain temps : il y a alors entraînement d'air par le métal en écoulement, notamment au niveau de l'impact du jet sur le bain métallique ; cet air entraîné dans le bain réagit avec le métal provoquantla mise en solution d'azote et la formation d'inclusions d'oxydes.Certain methods hitherto used to protect a molten metal pouring jet consist in discharging a liquefied inert gas at the top of said jet. For example, French patent 2,403,852, in the name of the applicant, describes a process according to which the liquefied inert gas is delivered around the jet by a generally toric device placed under the upper reservoir. This system is not always satisfactory; indeed, the creation of an inert atmosphere over the entire path of the jet can sometimes take a certain time: there is then entrainment of air by the flowing metal, in particular at the level of the impact of the jet on the metal bath ; this air entrained in the bath reacts with the metal causing the nitrogen solution and the formation of oxide inclusions.
Pour remédier à ces inconvénients, le demandeur a récemment mis au point un procédé, décrit dans la demande de brevet n° 81.21.855, du 23 novembre 1981, selon lequel on crée autour du jet de coulée et sur la totalité de la hauteur de ce dernier, une gaine protectrice gazeuse ascendante formée à partir d'au moins un gaz pratiquement inerte vis-à-vis du métal. De façon plus précise, cette gaine protectrice ascendante est formée par injection du gaz inerte autour de la zone d'impact dudit jet et confinement dudit gaz inerte au-dessus de la surface du métal liquide et autour de la base dudit jet au moyen d'un fourreau, ouvert à ses deux extrémités, entourant la base dudit jet et immergé partiellement dans le métal liquide.To remedy these drawbacks, the applicant has recently perfected a process, described in patent application No. 81.21.855, of November 23, 1981, according to which one creates around the casting jet and over the entire height of the latter, an ascending gaseous protective sheath formed from at least one gas that is practically inert with respect to the metal. More precisely, this ascending protective sheath is formed by injecting the inert gas around the impact zone of said jet and confining said inert gas above the surface of the liquid metal and around the base of said jet by means of a sheath, open at its two ends, surrounding the base of said jet and partially immersed in the liquid metal.
Ainsi, le gaz de protection confiné autour du jet et porté à haute température est soumis à une force ascensionnelle qui permet la formation d'une gaine gazeuse protectrice le long du jet de métal circulant à contre-courant de celui-ci et s'opposant à tout entraînement d'air par le métal en écoulement.Thus, the shielding gas confined around the jet and brought to high temperature is subjected to an upward force which allows the formation of a protective gaseous sheath along the metal jet flowing against it and opposing it. to any entrainment of air by the flowing metal.
La présente invention a pour objet un nouveau procédé pour créer une gaine protectrice ascendante de ce type.The subject of the present invention is a new process for creating an ascending protective sheath of this type.
Le procédé conforme à l'invention se caractérise en ce que l'on injecte au moins un gaz inerte liquéfié au-dessus et à proximité de la surface du métal liquide contenu dans le réceptacle inférieur et, simultanément, on injecte un gaz inerte dans le métal liquide par le fond ou les parois dudit réceptacle.The process according to the invention is characterized in that that at least one inert liquefied inert gas is injected above and near the surface of the liquid metal contained in the lower receptacle and, simultaneously, an inert gas is injected into the liquid metal through the bottom or the walls of said receptacle.
Selon l'invention, l'injection d'un gaz inerte liquéfié au-dessus et à proximité de la surface du métal liquide s'effectue par injection dudit gaz à l'intérieur du fourreau et légèrement en-dessous de l'ouverture supérieure dudit fourreau. La couche protectrice de gaz liquéfié ainsi formée sur la surface de métal liquide se vaporise et engendre, à l'intérieur du fourreau, une atmosphère gazeuse qui s'échappe par l'ouverture supérieure de ce dernier et s'oppose à tout entraînement d'air par le jet de coulée. L'injection simultanée, conforme à l'invention, d'un gaz inerte dans le métal liquide par le fond ou les parois du réceptacle, en-dessous de la zone d'impact du jet, participe également à la formation de cette gaine protectrice gazeuse ascendante. De plus, l'injection du gaz inerte dans le métal liquide provoque un brassage dudit métal qui empêche les solidifications parasites, favorise une coalescence des inclusions et donc une décantation ultérieure de ces dernières, et permet un effet de purge, c'est-à-dire la désorption des gaz dissous dans le bain ; on évite ainsi la formation d'une croûte qui, sans brassage du bain métallique, se formerait au bout d'un certain temps.According to the invention, the injection of a liquefied inert gas above and near the surface of the liquid metal is carried out by injection of said gas inside the sheath and slightly below the upper opening of said scabbard. The protective layer of liquefied gas thus formed on the surface of liquid metal vaporizes and generates, inside the sheath, a gaseous atmosphere which escapes through the upper opening of the latter and prevents any entrainment of air by the casting jet. The simultaneous injection, according to the invention, of an inert gas into the liquid metal through the bottom or the walls of the receptacle, below the jet impact zone, also participates in the formation of this protective sheath rising gas. In addition, the injection of the inert gas into the liquid metal causes mixing of said metal which prevents parasitic solidifications, promotes coalescence of the inclusions and therefore subsequent decantation of the latter, and allows a purging effect, that is to say say the desorption of the gases dissolved in the bath; this avoids the formation of a crust which, without stirring the metal bath, would form after a certain time.
Le gaz inerte liquéfié et le gaz inerte injecté dans le métal liquide sont soit de même nature, soit de nature différente.The liquefied inert gas and the inert gas injected into the liquid metal are either of the same nature or of a different nature.
Pour que l'atmosphère gazeuse ascendante formée soit considérée comme inerte vis-à-vis du métal, il faut qu'elle contienne moins de 5 % d'oxygène. Une valeur représentative de cette teneur en oxygène est le rapport V2 T2 ( V2 et T2 étant la vitesse et la température auxquelles l'atmosphère gazeuse ascendante formée atteint l'ouverture supérieure du fourreau) ; à ces caractéristiques du flux gazeux ascendant, on peut associer la rétrodiffusion de l'air due au fait que ledit flux empêche l'air de pénétrer dans le fourreau, et donc la teneur en oxygène dudit flux gazeux.For the ascending gaseous atmosphere formed to be considered inert with respect to the metal, it must contain less than 5% oxygen. A representative value of this oxygen content is the ratio V 2 T 2 (V 2 and T 2 being the speed and the temperature at which the ascending gaseous atmosphere formed reaches the upper opening of the sheath); these characteristics of the ascending gas flow can be associated with the backscattering of the air due to the fact that said flow prevents air from entering the sheath, and therefore the oxygen content of said gas flow.
C'est pourquoi, selon l'invention, on règle le débit d'injection D1 du gaz inerte liquéfié de façon à ce que la valeur de V2 T2 corresponde à une teneur en oxygène de ladite atmosphère inférieure à 5 %, selon l'équation :
- - T1 est la température d'ébullition du gaz inerte liquéfié, exprimée en degrés K ;
- - S 1 et S2 sont les sections des ouvertures inférieure et supérieure du fourreau ;
- - ρI et ρG sont les masses volumiques du gaz inerte à l'état liquide et à l'état gazeux ;
- - V2 est exprimée en m/s, T2 en degrés K et D1 en litre/min/m2. D'autre part, on règle le débit d'injection D2 du gaz inerte dans le métal liquide de façon à ce que la valeur de V2 T2 corresponde à une teneur en oxygène de ladite atmosphère inférieure à 5 %, selon l'équation :
dans laquelle V2, T2, T1, S1, S2, ρL, ρG sont les mêmes paramètres que ceux de l'équation (1) ci-dessus, T est la température du métal liquide exprimée en degrés K et D2 est exprimé en m3/heure.This is why, according to the invention, the flow rate is adjusted. injection D 1 of the liquefied inert gas so that the value of V 2 T 2 corresponds to an oxygen content of said atmosphere of less than 5%, according to the equation:
- - T 1 is the boiling temperature of the liquefied inert gas, expressed in degrees K;
- - S 1 and S 2 are the sections of the lower and upper openings of the sleeve;
- - ρ I and ρ G are the densities of the inert gas in the liquid state and in the gaseous state;
- - V2 is expressed in m / s, T2 in degrees K and D 1 in liters / min / m 2 . On the other hand, the injection rate D 2 of the inert gas in the liquid metal is adjusted so that the value of V2 T2 corresponds to an oxygen content of said atmosphere of less than 5%, according to the equation:
in which V 2 , T 2 , T 1 , S 1 , S2, ρ L , ρ G are the same parameters as those of equation (1) above, T is the temperature of the liquid metal expressed in degrees K and D 2 is expressed in m3 / hour.
Par exemple, si le gaz inerte utilisé est de l'azote, on détermine expérimentalement la valeur
Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, on complète la protection du jet de métal liquide, immédiatement à son débouché du fond du réservoir supérieur, en créant une atmosphère de protection gazeuse formée à partir d'au moins un gaz pratiquement inerte vis-à-vis dudit métal, ladite atmosphère enveloppant un dispositif obturateur monté extérieurement sur le fond dudit réservoir supérieur, comportant une plaque fixe et un équipage mobile comprenant une plaque mobile appliquée contre ladite plaque fixe et un support métallique solidaire de ladite plaque mobile pour au moins une busette pouvant venir en communication avec le trou d'écoulement du métal liquide. De façon plus précise, l'atmosphère gazeuse inerte formée s'oppose plus particulièrement à toute infiltration d'air dans l'interstice entre la plaque fixe et la plaque mobile ainsi que dans la zone de jonction entre la plaque mobile et la ou les busettes et protège également le jet de métal juste à sa sortie d'une des busettes.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the protection of the jet of liquid metal is completed, immediately at its outlet from the bottom of the upper reservoir, by creating a gaseous protection atmosphere formed from at least one gas which is practically inert vis-à-vis with respect to said metal, said atmosphere enveloping a shutter device mounted externally on the bottom of said upper tank, comprising a fixed plate and a movable assembly comprising a movable plate applied against said fixed plate and a metal support integral with said movable plate for at least one nozzle which can come into communication with the liquid metal flow hole. More specifically, the inert gaseous atmosphere formed is more particularly opposed to any air infiltration in the gap between the fixed plate and the movable plate as well as in the junction zone between the movable plate and the nozzle (s) and also protects the metal jet just out of one of the nozzles.
Cette protection du jet de métal liquide, immédiatement à son débouché du réservoir supérieur, complète avantageusement la protection dudit jet sur toute sa hauteur par la gaine gazeuse ascendante ; en effet, le jet de métal liquide ne peut ainsi entraîner, lors de son écoulement, que du gaz inerte dans le fourreau entourant sa base.This protection of the liquid metal jet, immediately at its outlet from the upper reservoir, advantageously completes the protection of said jet over its entire height by the ascending gas sheath; in fact, the jet of liquid metal can thus entrain, during its flow, only inert gas in the sheath surrounding its base.
L'invention a également pour objet une installation de transfert d'un métal liquide mettant en oeuvre le procédé considéré qui comporte un réservoir supérieur et un réceptacle inférieur muni d'un garnissage réfractaire interne et un fourreau en matériau réfractaire, ouvert à ses deux extrémités, l'ouverture supérieure dudit fourreau étant située en-dessous du débouché du réservoir supérieur, l'extrémité inférieure dudit fourreau étant située à distance du fond du réceptacle inférieur tandis que l'extrémité supérieure dudit fourreau fait saillie largement au-dessus du bord dudit réceptacle inférieur. Cette installation comporte des moyens d'injection d'un gaz inerte liquéfié à l'intérieur dudit fourreau et légèrement en-dessous de l'ouverture supérieure dudit fourreau et des moyens d'injection d'au moins un gaz inerte par le fond ou les parois du réceptacle inférieur.The invention also relates to an installation for transferring a liquid metal implementing the process under consideration which comprises an upper reservoir and a lower receptacle provided with an internal refractory lining and a sheath made of refractory material, open at its two ends , the upper opening of said sheath being located below the outlet of the upper tank, the lower end of said sheath being located at a distance from the bottom of the lower receptacle while the upper end of said sheath projects widely above the edge of said lower receptacle. This installation comprises means for injecting an inert gas liquefied inside said sheath and slightly below the upper opening of said sheath and means for injecting at least one inert gas from the bottom or the walls of the lower receptacle.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui suit faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- - la figure 1 est une coupe schématique partielle d'une première variante d'un premier mode de réalisation d'une installation selon l'invention ;
- - la figure 2 est une coupe partielle selon la ligne II - II de la figure.1, vue selon la flèche X ;
- - la figure 3 est une coupe partielle dans le même plan que la figure 2, représentant une deuxième variante du premier mode de réalisation d'une installation selon l'invention ;
- - la figure 4 est une coupe partielle dans le même plan que la figure 2, représentant un deuxième mode de réalisation d'une installation selon l'invention, la moitié de droite représentant une première variante et la moitié de gauche représentant une deuxième variante dudit deuxième mode de réalisation ;
- - la figure 5 est une coupe partielle dans le même plan que la figure 4, mais avec arrachement, représentant une troisième variante du deuxième mode de réalisation d'une installation selon l'invention ;
- - les figures 6, 7, 8 et 9 sont des représentations schématiques partiellement en coupe de quatre modes de réalisation du dispositif de protection du jet de coulée à la sortie du réservoir supérieur.
- - Figure 1 is a partial schematic section of a first variant of a first embodiment of an installation according to the invention;
- - Figure 2 is a partial section along line II - II of Figure.1, seen along arrow X;
- - Figure 3 is a partial section in the same plane as Figure 2, showing a second variant of the first embodiment of an installation according to the invention;
- - Figure 4 is a partial section in the same plane as Figure 2, showing a second embodiment of an installation according to the invention, the right half representing a first variant and the left half representing a second variant of said second embodiment;
- - Figure 5 is a partial section in the same plane as Figure 4, but with cutaway, showing a third variant of the second embodiment of an installation according to the invention;
- - Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 are schematic representations partially in section of four embodiments of the device for protecting the casting jet at the outlet of the upper tank.
Selon le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 1 et 2, un réservoir supérieur (1) contient du métal en fusion qui, après avoir traversé un dispositif obturateur à plaques (2) monté extérieurement sur le fond du réservoir (1), s'écoule sous la forme d'un jet J et arrive dans un réceptacle inférieur (3). Les parois et le fond de ce réceptacle (3) sont formés d'une cuirasse externe (4), d'un garnissage intermédiaire de sable (5) et d'un garnissage réfractaire interne (6). Un fourreau (7) en matériau réfractaire, ouvert à ses deux extrémités et partiellement immergé dans le bain (8) de métal liquide contenu dans le réceptacle (3), est disposé autour du jet J. Ce fourreau comporte deux parties (9) et (10) ; la partie supérieure (9) fait largement saillie au-dessus des bords du réceptacle (3) ; elle est en forme de tronc de pyramide comportant quatre parois (9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) ; deux parois opposées (9a et 9b) de cette partie supérieure (9) prennent appui sur deux bords supérieurs opposés du réceptacle (3). La partie inférieure (10) est constituée de deux plaques verticales (10a, 10b) au droit des parties (9d et 9c) de la partie (9), immergées dans le bain de métal liquide (8). Le fourreau (7) est disposé de façon que son axe coïncide sensiblement avec le jet J. L'ouverture inférieure du fourreau (7) présente une section Si et l'ouverture supérieure une section 52.According to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, an upper tank (1) contains molten metal which, after passing through a plate closure device (2) mounted externally on the bottom of the tank (1), flows in the form of a jet J and arrives in a lower receptacle (3). The walls and the bottom of this receptacle (3) are formed of an external breastplate (4), an intermediate lining of sand (5) and an internal refractory lining (6). A sheath (7) of refractory material, open at its two ends and partially immersed in the bath (8) of liquid metal contained in the receptacle (3), is arranged around the jet J. This sheath has two parts (9) and (10); the upper part (9) projects widely above the edges of the receptacle (3); it is in the form of a pyramid trunk comprising four walls (9a, 9b, 9c, 9d); two opposite walls (9a and 9b) of this upper part (9) bear on two opposite upper edges of the receptacle (3). The lower part (10) consists of two vertical plates (10a, 10b) in line with the parts (9d and 9c) of the part (9), immersed in the bath of liquid metal (8). The sheath (7) is arranged so that its axis substantially coincides with the jet J. The lower opening of the sleeve (7) has a section Si and the upper opening a
Un réservoir de gaz inerte liquéfié (11) est relié par un conduit (12) muni d'une vanne (13) à un séparateur de phases (14) qui, par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne (15) de réglage de débit, alimente en gaz liquéfié un tube d'injection (16) à orifice calibré (17) ; ce tube d'injection (16) débouche légèrement en-dessous de l'ouverture supérieure du fourreau (7).A tank of liquefied inert gas (11) is connected by a conduit (12) provided with a valve (13) to a phase separator (14) which, via a valve (15) for regulating flow , supplies liquefied gas to an injection tube (16) with calibrated orifice (17); this injection tube (16) opens slightly below the upper opening of the sleeve (7).
Dans la partie du garnissage réfractaire interne (6) du fond du réceptacle (3), qui est en-dessous du fourreau (7), sont incorporés des éléments poreux (21). Ces éléments poreux (21) sont reliés par des tubulures (22) placées dans le garnissage de sable intermédiaire (5) et connectées à un distributeur (23) relié lui-même à une source (24) de gaz inerte sous pression.In the part of the internal refractory lining (6) of the bottom of the receptacle (3), which is below the sheath (7), there are incorporated porous elements (21). These porous elements (21) are connected by pipes (22) placed in the intermediate sand lining (5) and connected to a distributor (23) itself connected to a source (24) of pressurized inert gas.
Le fonctionnement de l'installation représentée aux figures 1 et 2 est le suivant. On injecte dans la partie supérieure (9) du fourreau (7) le gaz inerte liquéfié provenant du réservoir (11) àl'aide du tubed'injection (16) qui déverse ce gaz inerte liquéfié directement sur la surface du bain de métal liquide (8) contenu dans le réceptacle (3). Le gaz inerte liquéfié ainsi versé forme, par caléfaction, une couche liquide sur la partie de la surface du bain (8) qui est comprise entre les plaques (10a) et (10b) et se vaporise en créant une gaine gazeuse ascendante qui, au début, chasse l'air qui était contenu dans le fourreau (7) puis s'oppose ensuite à toute entrée d'air éventuellement amené par le jet de coulée J. Etant donné la forme resserrée vers le haut de la partie (9) du tourreau (7), cette gaine protectrice ascendante s'écoule selon les flèches F, en direction du jet de coulée J. Simultanément, on injecte le gaz inerte provenant de la source (24) dans le bain de métal liquide (8) autour de la zone d'impact du jet J, par l'intermédiaire des éléments poreux (21). Le gaz s'échappe en bulles qui viennent crever à la surface du bain (8) et forment une colonne gazeuse ascendante qui, canalisée par le fourreau (7), s'écoule selon les flèches F. De plus, l'injection du gaz inerte dans le bain métallique (8) provoque un brassage dudit bain et permet d'éviter la formation d'une croûte à la surface du bain (8), comme on l'a expliqué précédemment. On règle les débits du gaz inerte injecté dans le métal liquide, comme on l'a expliqué ci-dessus, de façon telle que le rapport vitesse sur température de l'atmosphère formée dans le fourreau corresponde à une teneur en oxygène de cette atmosphère inférieure à 5 %.The operation of the installation shown in Figures 1 and 2 is as follows. The liquefied inert gas from the reservoir (11) is injected into the upper part (9) of the sheath (7) using the injection tube (16) which pours this liquefied inert gas directly onto the surface of the liquid metal bath ( 8) contained in the receptacle (3). The liquefied inert gas thus poured forms, by calefaction, a liquid layer on the part of the surface of the bath (8) which is between the plates (10a) and (10b) and vaporizes by creating an ascending gas sheath which, at start, expels the air which was contained in the sheath (7) then opposes any entry of air possibly brought by the casting jet J. Given the shape constricted towards the top of the part (9) of the barrel (7), this ascending protective sheath flows in the direction of the arrows F, in the direction of the pouring jet J. Simultaneously, the inert gas from the source (24) is injected into the liquid metal bath (8) around the impact zone of the jet J, by means of the porous elements (21). The gas escapes in bubbles which burst on the surface of the bath (8) and form an ascending gas column which, channeled by the sheath (7), flows according to the arrows F. In addition, the injection of the gas inert in the metal bath (8) causes mixing of said bath and makes it possible to avoid the formation of a crust on the surface of the bath (8), as explained above. The flow rates of the inert gas injected into the liquid metal are adjusted, as explained above, in such a way that the speed-to-temperature ratio of the atmosphere formed in the sheath corresponds to an oxygen content of this lower atmosphere. at 5 %.
Selon la variante de réalisation représentée à la figure 3, des tuyères métalliques (25) sont incorporées au garnissage réfractaire interne (6) du fond du réceptacle (3). Ces tuyères (25) sont reliées (de la même façon que les éléments poreux (21) des figures 1 et 2) à une source de gaz inerte sous pression (24) par l'intermédiaire de tubulures (22). Tous les éléments de cette installation (à l'exception des tuyères (25) qui remplacent les éléments poreux (21» sont identiques et portent les mêmes références que ceux de l'installation représentée aux figures 1 et 2 ; et le fonctionnement est le même.According to the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 3, metal nozzles (25) are incorporated into the internal refractory lining (6) of the bottom of the receptacle (3). These nozzles (25) are connected (in the same way as the porous elements (21) of FIGS. 1 and 2) to a source of inert pressurized gas (24) by means of pipes (22). All the elements of this installation (with the exception of the nozzles (25) which replace the porous elements (21 "are identical and bear the same references as those of the installation shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; and the operation is the same .
Selon le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 4, un réservoir supérieur (41) contient du métal en fusion qui, après avoir traversé un dispositif obturateur à plaques (42), s'écoule sous forme d'un jet J et arrive dans un réceptacle inférieur (43). Les parois et le fond de ce réceptacle (43) sont formés d'une cuirasse externe (44), d'un garnissage intermédiaire de sable (45) et d'un garnissage réfractaire interne (46). Un fourreau (47), ouvert à ses deux extrémités et partiellement immergé dansle bain (48) de métal liquide contenu dans le réceptacle (43), est disposé autour du jet J. Ce fourreau (47) comporte deux parties (49) et (50) ; la partie supérieure (49) est en forme de tronc de pyramide comportant quatre parois (49a, 49b, 49c, 49d) ; deux parois opposées (49a et 49b) de cette partie (49) prennent appui sur deux bords opposés du réceptacle (43). La partie inférieure (50) est constituée de deux plaques verticales (50a) et (50b), au droit des parties (49c) et (49d) de la partie (49), immergées dans le bain de métal liquide (48). Le fourreau (47) est disposé de façon telle que son axe coïncide sensiblement avec le jet J.According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, an upper reservoir (41) contains molten metal which, after passing through a plate shutter device (42), flows in the form of a jet J and arrives in a lower receptacle (43). The walls and the bottom of this receptacle (43) are formed of an outer breastplate (44), an intermediate lining of sand (45) and an internal refractory lining (46). A sheath (47), open at its two ends and partially immersed in the bath (48) of liquid metal contained in the receptacle (43), is arranged around the jet J. This sheath (47) has two parts (49) and ( 50); the upper part (49) is in the form of a pyramid trunk comprising four walls (49a, 49b, 49c, 49d); two opposite walls (49a and 49b) of this part (49) bear on two opposite edges of the receptacle (43). The lower part (50) consists of two vertical plates (50a) and (50b), in line with the parts (49c) and (49d) of the part (49), immersed in the bath of liquid metal (48). The sleeve (47) is arranged so that its axis substantially coincides with the jet J.
Selon la première variante de réalisation représentée sur la moitié de droite de la figure 4, des tuyères métalliques (51) traversent le garnissage réfractaire interne (46) des parois du réceptacle (43) ces tuyères (51) sont reliées, par l'intermédiaire de tubulures (52), placées dans le garnissage de sable intermédiaire (45), à un distributeur (53), relié lui-même à une source (54) de gaz inerte sous pression. Les tuyères (51), qui ont un diamètre de 1 à 4 mm et de préférence de 2 mm, sont placées de façon à déboucher à une distance d'environ 25 à 30 cm en-dessous de la surface du bain de métal liquide (48).According to the first embodiment shown in the right half of Figure 4, metal nozzles (51) pass through the internal refractory lining (46) of the walls of the receptacle (43) these nozzles (51) are connected, via tubes (52), placed in the intermediate sand lining (45), to a distributor (53), itself connected to a source (54) of pressurized inert gas. The nozzles (51), which have a diameter of 1 to 4 mm and preferably 2 mm, are placed so as to open out at a distance of about 25 to 30 cm below the surface of the liquid metal bath ( 48).
Selon la deuxième variante de réalisation représentée sur la moitié gauche de la figure 4, des éléments poreux (55) sont incorporés au garnissage réfractaire interne (46) des parois du réceptacle (43) ; ces éléments poreux (55) sont reliés par des tubulures (52') à un distributeur (53'), relié lui-même à une source de gaz inerte sous pression (les éléments (52') et (53') sont identiques aux éléments (52) et (53)).According to the second alternative embodiment shown in the left half of FIG. 4, porous elements (55) are incorporated into the internal refractory lining (46) of the walls of the receptacle (43); these porous elements (55) are connected by pipes (52 ') to a distributor (53'), itself connected to a source of inert gas under pressure (the elements (52 ') and (53') are identical to elements (52) and (53)).
Selon la troisième variante de réalisation représentée sur la figure 5, des conduits (56) sont ménagés longitudinalement dans le garnissage réfractaire (46) des parois du réceptacle (43). Ces conduits (56) sont reliés, à leur partie supérieure, par l'intermédiaire de tubulures (57), à un distributeur (58), relié lui-même à une source de gaz inerte sous pression (non représentée sur la figure). Les conduits (56) communiquent, à leur partie inférieure, avec des conduits (59) qui sont ménagés transversalement dans le garnissage réfractaire (46) et qui débouchent dans le bain de métal liquiae contenu dans le réceptacle (43).According to the third alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 5, conduits (56) are formed longitudinally in the refractory lining (46) of the walls of the receptacle (43). These conduits (56) are connected, at their upper part, by means of pipes (57), to a distributor (58), itself connected to a source of inert pressurized gas (not shown in the figure). The conduits (56) communicate, at their lower part, with conduits (59) which are formed transversely in the refractory lining (46) and which open into the bath of molten metal contained in the receptacle (43).
Le fonctionnement de l'installation représentée aux figures 4 et 5 est le suivant. 0n injecte un gaz inerte dans le bain de métal liquide (48) par l'intermédiaire, soit des tuyères (51), soit des éléments poreux (55), soit des conduits (56, 59), conformément à l'un des trois modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus. Simultanément, on injecte dans la partie supérieure (49) du fourreau (47) un gaz inerte liquéfié. On obtient ainsi, à la fois, formation d'une gaine gazeuse inerte ascendante et brassage du bain métallique.The operation of the installation shown in Figures 4 and 5 is as follows. 0n injects an inert gas into the liquid metal bath (48) via either nozzles (51), or porous elements (55), or conduits (56, 59), in accordance with one of the three embodiments described above. Simultaneously, a liquefied inert gas is injected into the upper part (49) of the sheath (47). There is thus obtained both the formation of an ascending inert gas sheath and stirring of the metal bath.
On donne, ci-dessous, à titre non limitatif, deux exemples de mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention à l'aide d'une des installations représentées aux figures 1 à 5.We give below, without limitation, two examples of implementation of the method according to the invention using one of the installations shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
Le gaz inerte utilisé est de l'argon.The inert gas used is argon.
On désire que l'atmosphère formée dans le fourreau ait une teneur en oxygène inférieure à 1 %. On vétermine expériementalement la valeur
Les paramètres relatifs à l'argon sont les suivants : T1 = 87°K ρL = 1400 kg/m3 ρG = 5,85 kg/m3.The parameters relating to argon are as follows: T1 = 87 ° K ρ L = 1400 kg / m 3 ρ G = 5.85 kg / m 3 .
Le fourreau utilisé a des dimensions telles que
Selon l'équation (1), (4 . 10-4=
Mais, simultanément, on injecte de l'argon gazeux dans le bain de métal liquide à un débit de 20 m3/h. Cette quantité d'argon gazeux est, selon l'équation (2), équivalente du point de vue efficacité de l'inertage à 0,41 litres/mn d'argon liquide. On injecte donc,simultanément,de l'argon gazeux à un débit de 20 m3/h dans le métal liquide et de l'argon liquéfié à l'entrée du fourreau à un débit de 4,32 1/mn/m2.However, simultaneously, argon gas is injected into the liquid metal bath at a rate of 20 m 3 / h. This quantity of argon gas is, according to equation (2), equivalent from the point of view of inerting efficiency at 0.41 liters / min of liquid argon. Argon gas is therefore injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 20 m 3 / h into the liquid metal and liquefied argon at the inlet of the sheath at a flow rate of 4.32 1 / min / m 2 .
Le gaz inerte liquide utilisé est de l'azote et le gaz inerte injecté dans le bain de métal liquide est de l'argon.The liquid inert gas used is nitrogen and the inert gas injected into the liquid metal bath is argon.
On désire que l'atmosphère formée dans le fourreau ait une teneur en oxygène inférieure à 1 %. On détermine expérimentalement la valeur
Les paramètres relatifs à l'azote sont les suivants : T1 = 77 °K ρL = 808 kg/m3 ρG = 4,6 kg/m3.The parameters relating to nitrogen are as follows: T 1 = 77 ° K ρ L = 808 kg / m 3 ρ G = 4.6 kg / m 3 .
Le fourreau utilisé a des dimensions telles que
Selon l'équation (1)(10.5 . 10-4 =
Mais, simultanément, on injecte dans le métal liquide de l'argon gazeux à un débit de 20 m3/h qui est, selon l'équation(2), équivalent à 0,41 1/mn d'argon liquéfié. On injecte donc, simultanément, de l'argon gazeux à un débit de 20 m3/h dans le métal liquide et de l'azote liquéfié à l'entrée du fourreau à un débit de 13,7 1/mn%m2.However, simultaneously, argon gas is injected into the liquid metal at a rate of 20 m 3 / h which is, according to equation (2), equivalent to 0.41 1 / min of liquefied argon. Argon gas is therefore injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 20 m 3 / h into the liquid metal and liquefied nitrogen at the inlet of the sheath at a flow rate of 13.7 1 / min% m 2 .
La figure 6 représente le dispositif obturateur à plaques (2) (ou (42)) monté extérieurement sur le fond du réservoir supérieur (1) (ou (41)). Ce dispositif obturateur à plaques est de type connu et décrit dans la demande n° 80.19.837 du 15 septembre 1980, au nom du demandeur. Il comporte une plaque fixe (60) et une plaque mobile (61) appliquées l'une contre l'autre, la plaque mobile (61) étant montée rotativement et portant deux busettes (62) ; les plaques (60) et (61) et les busettes (62) sont en matériau réfractaire, par exemple en alumine imprégnée. La plaque mobile (61) est munie d'une roue dentée (36), susceptible d'être entraînée par un pignon (37) relié à un moteur (non représenté sur la figure). La plaque(60) est traversée par un orifice (63), placé en alignement avec le trou de coulée (64) qui est ménagé dans le revêtement interne réfractaire (65) e: la cuirasse métallique externe (6b) constituant le fond du réservoir (1). La plaque mobile est traversée par deux passages (67). Chaque busette (62) est traversée par un canal (68) et montée à demeure (par exemple par un système à baïonnette) sur la plaque mobile (61) par l'intermédiaire d'un support métallique (69) de façon à ce que son canal (68) soit en alignement avec le passage (67) correspondant. Par rotation de la plaque (61), on amène donc l'une ou l'autre des busettes (62) en communication avec le trou de coulée (64).Figure 6 shows the plate shutter device (2) (or (42)) mounted externally on the bottom of the upper tank (1) (or (41)). This plate shutter device is of known type and described in application No. 80.19.837 of September 15, 1980, in the name of the applicant. It comprises a fixed plate (60) and a movable plate (61) applied one against the other, the movable plate (61) being rotatably mounted and carrying two nozzles (62); the plates (60) and (61) and the nozzles (62) are made of refractory material, for example of impregnated alumina. The movable plate (61) is provided with a toothed wheel (36), capable of being driven by a pinion (37) connected to a motor (not shown in the figure). The plate (60) is traversed by an orifice (63), placed in alignment with the taphole (64) which is formed in the internal refractory lining (65) e: the external metallic armor (6b) constituting the bottom of the tank (1). The movable plate is crossed by two passages (67). Each nozzle (62) is traversed by a channel (68) and permanently mounted (for example by a bayonet system) on the movable plate (61) by means of a metal support (69) so that its channel (68) is in alignment with the corresponding passage (67). By rotation of the plate (61), one or the other of the nozzles (62) is therefore brought into communication with the taphole (64).
Un boîtier métallique (70) est monté de façon étanche sur le fond du récipient (1) et enveloppe pratiquement complètement le dispositif obturateur (2) ; une ouverture (71) est prévue à la partie inférieure du boîtier (70) pour le passage des busettes. Un conduit (72), relié à une source de gaz inerte sous pression (non représentée sur la figure), débouche dans le boîtier (70).A metal housing (70) is sealingly mounted on the bottom of the container (1) and almost completely envelops the closure device (2); an opening (71) is provided in the lower part of the housing (70) for the passage of nozzles. A conduit (72), connected to a source of inert pressurized gas (not shown in the figure), opens into the housing (70).
Le gaz inerte introduit par le conduit (72) se répand dans le boîtier (70) et s'échappe par l'ouverture (71). Ce gaz inerte forme ainsi une atmosphère qui protège le dispositif (2) contre l'air atmosphérique, et plus particulièrement l'interstice entre les plaques (60) et (61) et la zone de jonction entre les busettes (62) et la plaque (61), ainsi que le jet de métal liquide à sa sortie d'une des busettes (62).The inert gas introduced through the conduit (72) flows into the housing (70) and escapes through the opening (71). This inert gas thus forms an atmosphere which protects the device (2) against atmospheric air, and more particularly the gap between the plates (60) and (61) and the junction zone between the nozzles (62) and the plate. (61), as well as the jet of liquid metal at its outlet from one of the nozzles (62).
La figure 7 représente un dispositif obturateur à plaques (2) identique à celui de la figure 6 (les mêmes références ont été affectées aux mêmes éléments), mais qui comporte, en plus, un moyen à ressort (73) pour maintenir les plaques (60) et (61) l'une contre l'autre. Un boîtier (70) identique à celui de la figure 6 enveloppe le dispositif (2). Le moyen à ressort (73) comporte une butée (74) en forme de coupelle renversée ouverte à son extrémité inférieure et solidaire de la plaque (61) par l'intermédiaire du support métallique (69), une pièce d'appui (75) en forme de piston solidaire de la plaque (60) et un ressort (76) interposé entre la butée (74) et la pièce (75). Un conduit (77), relié à une source de gaz inerte sous pression (non représentée sur la figure), débouche dans la butée (74' après avoir traversé le boîtier (70) par un orifice (78) ménagé à cet effet. Ainsi, le gaz inerte amené par le conduit (77) refroidit le moyen a ressort (73), puis se répand dans le boîtier (70) en jouant son rôle de protection pour le dispositif (2) et s'échappe par l'ouverture (71).FIG. 7 represents a shutter device with plates (2) identical to that of FIG. 6 (the same references have been assigned to the same elements), but which comprises, in addition, a spring means (73) for holding the plates ( 60) and (61) against each other. A housing (70) identical to that of FIG. 6 envelops the device (2). The spring means (73) comprises a stop (74) in the form of an inverted cup open at its lower end and secured to the plate (61) by means of the metal support (69), a support piece (75) in the form of a piston integral with the plate (60) and a spring (76) interposed between the stop (74) and the part (75). A conduit (77), connected to a source of inert pressurized gas (not shown in the figure), opens into the stop (74 'after passing through the housing (70) through an orifice (78) provided for this purpose. , the inert gas supplied by the conduit (77) cools the spring means (73), then spreads in the housing (70) while playing its protective role for the device (2) and escapes through the opening ( 71).
La figure 8 représente un dispositif obturateur à plaques (2) identique à celui de la figure 6 (les mêmes références ont été affectées aux mêmes éléments), mais qui comporte, en plus, deux moyens à ressort (80) pour maintenir les plaques (60) et (61) l'une contre l'autre. Les moyens à ressort (80) comportent une butée (81) en forme de coupelle renversée ouverte à son extrémité inférieure et solidaire de la plaque (61) par l'intermédiaire du support métallique (69), une pièce d'appui (82) en forme de piston solidaire de la plaque (60) et un ressort (83) interposé entre la butée (81) et la pièce (82). Un conduit (84), relié à une source d'air comprimé, débouche dans la butée (81).FIG. 8 represents a shutter device with plates (2) identical to that of FIG. 6 (the same references have been assigned to the same elements), but which comprises, in addition, two spring means (80) for holding the plates ( 60) and (61) against each other. The spring means (80) comprise a stop (81) in the form of an inverted cup open at its lower end and integral with the plate (61) by means of the metal support (69), a support piece (82) in the form of a piston secured to the plate (60) and a spring (83) interposed between the stop (81) and the piece (82). A conduit (84), connected to a source of compressed air, opens into the stop (81).
Une virole métallique (85) est disposée concentriquement à la plaque mobile (61) ; elle est solidaire, à son extrémité supérieure (86), de la plaque fixe (60) et son extrémité inférieure (87) s'arrête à proximité de la partie supérieure (88) des moyens à ressort (80). Un conduit (89), relié à une source de gaz inerte sous pression, débouche dans la virole (85). La virole (85) comporte une ouverture (non représentée sur la figure) pour le passage du pignon moteur (non représenté sur la figure) de la plaque mobile (61).A metallic ferrule (85) is arranged concentrically with the movable plate (61); it is integral at its upper end (86) with the fixed plate (60) and its lower end (87) stops near the upper part (88) of the spring means (80). A conduit (89), connected to a source of inert gas under pressure, opens into the ferrule (85). The ferrule (85) has an opening (not shown in the figure) for the passage of the drive pinion (not shown in the figure) of the movable plate (61).
Une plaque métallique de protection (90), pourvue d'ouvertures (91), est fixée au support (69) (par exemple par clavetage), à distance et en-dessous dudit support (69). Un conduit (92), relié à une source de gaz inerte sous pression (non représentée sur la figure), est fixé au support (69) (par exemple par soudage) et débouche dans l'espace défini par la plaque mobile (61) et la plaque de protection (90).A protective metal plate (90), provided with openings (91), is fixed to the support (69) (for example by keying), at a distance and below said support (69). A conduit (92), connected to a source of inert pressurized gas (not shown in the figure), is fixed to the support (69) (for example by welding) and opens into the space defined by the movable plate (61) and the protection plate (90).
Le fonctionnement de l'installation de la figure 8 est le suivant : on injecte un gaz inerte par le conduit (89) à l'intérieur de la virole (85) ; ce gaz inerte se répand dans l'espace défini par la virole (85) et protège ainsi l'interstice entre les plaques (60) et (61) ainsi que la zone de jonction entre les busettes (62) et la plaque (61) ; il s'écoule ensuite par les ouvertures (91). Simultanément, on injecte un gaz inerte par le conduit (92) ; ce gaz inerte se répand dans l'espace compris entre» le support métallique (69) et la plaque de protection (90), puis s'écoule par les ouvertures 191) protégeant ainsi le jet de métal liquide à sa sortie d'une des busettes (b2). D'autre part, on refroidit les moyens à ressort (80) par injection d'air comprimé par les conduits (84).The operation of the installation of FIG. 8 is as follows: an inert gas is injected through the conduit (89) inside the ferrule (85); this inert gas spreads in the space defined by the ferrule (85) and thus protects the gap between the plates (60) and (61) as well as the junction zone between the nozzles (62) and the plate (61) ; it then flows through the openings (91). Simultaneously, an inert gas is injected through the conduit (92); this inert gas spreads in the space between »the metal support (69) and the protection plate (90), then flows through the openings 191) thus protecting the jet of liquid metal on leaving one of the nozzles (b2). On the other hand, the spring means (80) are cooled by injection of compressed air through the conduits (84).
La figure 9 représente un dispositif obturateur à plaques (2) comportant deux moyens à ressort (80), identique à celui de la figure 8 (les mêmes références ont été affectées aux mêmes éléments). Une virole métallique (95), concentrique à la plaque mobile (61) est solidaire, à son extrémité supérieure (96), de la plaque fixe (60) ; son extrémité inférieure (97) s'arrête à proximité de la partie supérieure (88) des moyens à ressort (80). La virole (95) comporte une ouverture (non représentée surla figure) pour le passage du pignon moteur (non représenté sur la figure) de la plaque mobile (61).FIG. 9 represents a plate shutter device (2) comprising two spring means (80), identical to that of FIG. 8 (the same references have been assigned to same elements). A metal ferrule (95), concentric with the movable plate (61) is integral, at its upper end (96), with the fixed plate (60); its lower end (97) stops near the upper part (88) of the spring means (80). The ferrule (95) has an opening (not shown in the figure) for the passage of the drive pinion (not shown in the figure) of the movable plate (61).
Une plaque métallique de protection (98), pourvue d'ouvertures (99) est fixée au support (69) (par exemple par clavetage), à distance et en-dessous dudit support (69). Un premier conduit (100), relié à une source de gaz inerte sous pression (non représentée sur la figure), est fixé au support (69) (par exemple par soudage) et débouche dans l'espace défini par la plaque mobile (61) et la plaque de protection (98). Un deuxième conduit (101), relié à une source de gaz inerte sous pression (non représentée sur la figure), traverse la plaque (98) par un orifice (102) ménagé à cet effet, puis le support (69) par un orifice (103), et débouche dans l'interstice (104) entre le support (69) et la plaque mobile (61). Ce conduit (101) est flexible à partir d'un certain moment pour ne pas gêner le mouvement de l'équipage mobile.A protective metal plate (98), provided with openings (99) is fixed to the support (69) (for example by keying), at a distance and below said support (69). A first conduit (100), connected to a source of inert gas under pressure (not shown in the figure), is fixed to the support (69) (for example by welding) and opens into the space defined by the movable plate (61 ) and the protection plate (98). A second conduit (101), connected to a source of pressurized inert gas (not shown in the figure), passes through the plate (98) through an orifice (102) made for this purpose, then the support (69) through an orifice (103), and opens into the gap (104) between the support (69) and the movable plate (61). This duct (101) is flexible from a certain moment so as not to hinder the movement of the moving assembly.
Le fonctionnement de l'installation de la figure 9 est le suivant : on injecte un gaz inerte par le conduit (101) dans l'interstice (104) ; ce gaz inerte se répand dans l'interstice (104), puis dans l'espace défini par la virole (95) et protège ainsi la zone de jonction entre les busettes (62) et la plaque (61) ainsi que l'interstice entre les plaques (60) et (61) ; il s'écoule ensuite par les ouvertures (99). Simultanément, on injecte un gaz inerte par le conduit (100) ; ce gaz inerte se répand dans l'espace compris entre le support métallique (69) et la plaque de protection (98), puis s'écoule par les ouvertures (99) protégeant ainsi le jet de métal liquide à sa sortie d'une des busettes (62). D'autre part, on refroidit les moyens à ressort (80) par injection d'air comprimé par les conduits (84).The operation of the installation in FIG. 9 is as follows: an inert gas is injected through the conduit (101) into the gap (104); this inert gas spreads in the gap (104), then in the space defined by the ferrule (95) and thus protects the junction zone between the nozzles (62) and the plate (61) as well as the gap between the plates (60) and (61); it then flows through the openings (99). Simultaneously, an inert gas is injected through the conduit (100); this inert gas spreads in the space between the metal support (69) and the protection plate (98), then flows through the openings (99) thus protecting the jet of liquid metal on leaving one of the nozzles (62). On the other hand, the spring means (80) are cooled by injection of compressed air through the conduits (84).
Dans tous les modes de réalisation de l'invention, on utilise soit un gaz pratiquement inerte vis-à-vis du métal liquide tel que de l'azote ou de l'argon, soit un mélange de gaz inertes.In all of the embodiments of the invention, either a gas that is practically inert with respect to the liquid metal, such as nitrogen or argon, is used, or a mixture of inert gases.
L'invention s'applique à la protection de tous les jets de coulée de métaux, verticaux ou paraboliques, notamment entre poche et répartiteur, entre poche et lingotière, entre poche et poche, entre convertisseur (ou four) et poche.The invention applies to the protection of all metal casting jets, vertical or parabolic, in particular between ladle and distributor, between ladle and ingot mold, between ladle and ladle, between converter (or oven) and ladle.
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83400493T ATE20708T1 (en) | 1982-03-15 | 1983-03-11 | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PROTECTING A LIQUID METAL CASTING STREAM. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8204297A FR2523007A1 (en) | 1982-03-15 | 1982-03-15 | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR PROTECTING A LIQUID METAL CASTING JET |
FR8204297 | 1982-03-15 |
Publications (2)
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EP0089282A1 true EP0089282A1 (en) | 1983-09-21 |
EP0089282B1 EP0089282B1 (en) | 1986-07-16 |
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EP83400493A Expired EP0089282B1 (en) | 1982-03-15 | 1983-03-11 | Process and device for the protection of a casting stream of liquid metal |
Country Status (11)
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US (1) | US4460409A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0089282B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS58187250A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE20708T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU557968B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8301259A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1201270A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3364477D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8404887A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2523007A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA831549B (en) |
Cited By (3)
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EP0213042A2 (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1987-03-04 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Equipment for protecting a liquid-metal jet against oxidation and/or nitriding |
US8568654B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2013-10-29 | Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp | Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace |
CN109562446A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2019-04-02 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 | Buffer, the equipment for casting metal melt and the method for casting metal melt |
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US4806156A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-02-21 | Liquid Air Corporation | Process for the production of a bath of molten metal or alloys |
US5344478A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1994-09-06 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Vortex dispersing nozzle for liquefied cryogenic inert gases used in blanketing of molten metals exposed to ambient air and method |
US6228187B1 (en) | 1998-08-19 | 2001-05-08 | Air Liquide America Corp. | Apparatus and methods for generating an artificial atmosphere for the heat treating of materials |
IT1316790B1 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2003-05-12 | Danieli Off Mecc | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF MELTED MATERIALS |
US6491863B2 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2002-12-10 | L'air Liquide-Societe' Anonyme A' Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes George Claude | Method and apparatus for efficient utilization of a cryogen for inert cover in metals melting furnaces |
US20090064821A1 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2009-03-12 | Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp | Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace |
US8403187B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2013-03-26 | Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp | Production of an inert blanket in a furnace |
CN102773442B (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2014-11-12 | 攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司 | Cast-on method for continuously casting half-rimmed steel |
JP7010575B1 (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2022-01-26 | 山田 榮子 | Antioxidant device for casting flow in continuous steel casting |
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- 1983-03-11 US US06/474,543 patent/US4460409A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1983-03-11 DE DE8383400493T patent/DE3364477D1/en not_active Expired
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REVUE DE METALLURGIE - CIT, vol. 78, no. 6, juin 1981, pages 531-537, Paris, FR. * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0213042A2 (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1987-03-04 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Equipment for protecting a liquid-metal jet against oxidation and/or nitriding |
EP0213042A3 (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1988-12-07 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process for protecting a liquid-metal jet against oxidation and/or nitriding, equipment therefor and its use |
US8568654B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2013-10-29 | Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp | Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace |
US9267187B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2016-02-23 | Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp | Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace |
CN109562446A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2019-04-02 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 | Buffer, the equipment for casting metal melt and the method for casting metal melt |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU557968B2 (en) | 1987-01-15 |
ATE20708T1 (en) | 1986-08-15 |
JPS58187250A (en) | 1983-11-01 |
CA1201270A (en) | 1986-03-04 |
EP0089282B1 (en) | 1986-07-16 |
FR2523007A1 (en) | 1983-09-16 |
BR8301259A (en) | 1983-11-22 |
ZA831549B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
ES520497A0 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
AU1215483A (en) | 1983-09-22 |
FR2523007B1 (en) | 1984-12-07 |
ES8404887A1 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
US4460409A (en) | 1984-07-17 |
DE3364477D1 (en) | 1986-08-21 |
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