EP0097401A1 - Apparatus for determining the position of a metal body in an electrical low conductivity medium - Google Patents

Apparatus for determining the position of a metal body in an electrical low conductivity medium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0097401A1
EP0097401A1 EP83200877A EP83200877A EP0097401A1 EP 0097401 A1 EP0097401 A1 EP 0097401A1 EP 83200877 A EP83200877 A EP 83200877A EP 83200877 A EP83200877 A EP 83200877A EP 0097401 A1 EP0097401 A1 EP 0097401A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
installation according
receiving coils
coils
coil
symmetry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83200877A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0097401B1 (en
Inventor
Luc A. M. G. Binard
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Centre dEtude de lEnergie Nucleaire CEN
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Centre dEtude de lEnergie Nucleaire CEN
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Priority to AT83200877T priority Critical patent/ATE22734T1/en
Publication of EP0097401A1 publication Critical patent/EP0097401A1/en
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Publication of EP0097401B1 publication Critical patent/EP0097401B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/10—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils
    • G01V3/104—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils using several coupled or uncoupled coils
    • G01V3/105—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils using several coupled or uncoupled coils forming directly coupled primary and secondary coils or loops
    • G01V3/107—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils using several coupled or uncoupled coils forming directly coupled primary and secondary coils or loops using compensating coil or loop arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
    • A61B17/1707—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires using electromagnetic effects, e.g. with magnet and external sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/15—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
    • A61B17/1725—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires for applying transverse screws or pins through intramedullary nails or pins

Definitions

  • the installation comprises three emitting coils situated respectively on the three arms of an E-shaped core These coils are supplied with direct current and are connected in series in such a way that the magnetic flux produced in the central coil is of opposite polarity with respect to the magnetic flux produced in the other coils.
  • Two receiving coils connected in series are mounted on the two outer arms of the core, in the extension of the emitting coils mounted on these arms.
  • the installation includes means detecting changes in the voltage induced in the receiving coils following changes in the reluctance of the magnetic field produced by the movement of a metallic body in this field.
  • This installation which is intended for the detection of a metallic object in a moving mass, does not make it possible to locate a metallic body in a material bad conductor of electricity with a very high precision such as that which is required during human body operations and which is, for example, on the order of a fraction of a millimeter.
  • the relative arrangement of the coils of this known installation is such that it does not allow the support with its coils to be placed in a good position so that the intensity of the signal controlling the signaling members increases with the asymmetry of the metal object relative to the coils.
  • the invention aims to create an installation which, thanks to its mechanical and electrical design, allows an optimal localization of a metallic object.
  • the current source is an alternating current source, the space between the receiving coils in front of the transmitting coil remains free and the connection between the receiving coils and the signaling devices controls the latter according to the phase shift of the signals. produced by the take-up coils.
  • the alternating current source preferably comprises an oscillator, for example at a frequency of the order of 30 kilohertz.
  • the installation according to the invention more particularly allows the very precise location of a metal pin which is introduced into the medullary canal of a fractured bone.
  • Belgian patent no. 865 635 describes the introduction of a pin into the medullary canal of a fractured bone and the placement of two transverse pins at the two ends of the pin through the bone and the holes provided for this purpose in the pin.
  • the drilling of the bone for the placement of the pins and the placement of these pins are carried out using a template integral with the pin.
  • the installation according to the invention as defined above constitutes one such means.
  • the distance between the plane of symmetry of the receiving coils and the plane of symmetry of the emitting coil is of the order of 1 to 10 cm, preferably of the order of 6 to 7 cm, the height of the transmitting coil is of the order of 1 cm, the height of the receiving coils is of the order of 2 to 3 cm and the free distance between the receiving coils is of the order of 9 to 13 cm.
  • the support comprises an arm, a plane of symmetry of which comprises the axis of the emitting coil and is perpendicular to the plane defined by the axes of the receiving coils, the emitting coil and the arm. have a coaxial channel with the emitting coil, the arm also has a series of holes which are parallel to the axes and which have their axes in said plane of symmetry, and -a source of alternating current and the signaling elements are part of 'an electronic device to which the coils are connected by cables.
  • the installation shown in the figures is intended for the location with great precision of the end a spindle inserted into a bone surrounded by muscle tissue, so as to be able to make incisions in the muscle tissue and to be able to drill in this bone a transverse channel exactly in the axis of the transverse channel formed in this end of the spindle the subsequent introduction of the distal pin.
  • the installation shown in the figures consists of an electromagnetic sight 1 and an electronic device 2.
  • the electromagnetic sight includes a T-shaped plastic support 3, composed of an arm 4 and two arms 5.
  • the emitting coil 6 is composed of a winding b carried by a plastic core 9 fixed on the underside of the arm 4 between the arms 5 by means of a tube 10 forming a bolt and a nut 11 of plastic material.
  • This tube 10 is made of a metal which is a good conductor of electricity and not magnetic, such as aluminum.
  • the rim 12 of the tube 10 is housed in a hollow formed in the lower face of the core 9 and the nut 11 bears on the upper face of the arm 4.
  • a plastic cap 13 is taken with its rim 14 between the core 9 and the underside of the arm 4.
  • the cap 13 covers the winding 8.
  • a hole 15, a passage 23 and a groove 16 are formed in a rim of the core 9 for the passage of the wires (not shown) leading to the winding 8.
  • the groove extends into the rim 14 of the cap 13.
  • Each of the receiving coils 7 is composed of a winding 17 carried by a plastic core 18 fixed on the underside of a branch 5 by means of a plastic bolt 19 screwed into the branch.
  • a plastic cap 20 covers the core 18, on which it is screwed, as well as the winding 17.
  • holes 21, 22 and 24 for the passage of the wires (not shown) leading to the winding 17.
  • the wires (not shown) leading to the windings 8 and 17 are guided from the holes 24 and the groove 16 through grooves 25, 26 and 27, and a recess 28 towards the entry of a channel 29 formed in a guide piece 30 made of plastic.
  • This part 30 is mounted in the arm 4 which it crosses and in which it is held by a plate 31 screwed on its end.
  • the axis 32 of the transmitting coil 6 and the axes 33 of the receiving coils 7 are located in the same plane.
  • the planes of symmetry 35 of the receiving coils 7 perpendicular to their axes 33 coincide and differ from the plane of symmetry 34 of the emitting coil 6 perpendicular to its axis 32.
  • the distance between the planes 35 on the one hand and the plane 34 on the other hand depends on the type of bone for the treatment of which the installation is intended and is generally of the order of 1 to 10 cm and preferably of the order of 6 to 7 cm.
  • the height of the winding 8, that is to say its dimension in the direction of the axis 32, is of the order of 1 cm.
  • the height of the windings 17, that is to say their dimension in the direction of the axes 33, depends on the kind of bone for the treatment of which the installation is intended and is generally of the order of 2 to 3 cm.
  • the cables 36 comprising the wires leading to the windings 8 and 17 connect the electromagnetic viewfinder 1 to the electronic device 2 according to the block diagram of FIG. 8.
  • This device is supplied from the network 37. It comprises an oscillator 44 which supplies alternating current to the transmitting coil 6. The latter receives a current with a frequency of the order of 30 kilohertz.
  • the electromagnetic field thus created induces f.e.m. in the take-up coils 7. These f.e.m. are perfectly in phase if there is no metal between the coils 7 or if between them is a metal part arranged in a perfectly symmetrical manner with respect to these coils.
  • the electronic device comprises means 38 for amplifying the signals created in the receiving coils 7, means 39 for measuring the phase shift angle between these amplified signals and a means 40 for comparing this phase shift angle with respect to two thresholds positive and two negative thresholds.
  • This comparison means in turn controls five LED lamps 41, the middle one of which is green; on either side of the latter is an orange lamp and at the ends are arranged red lamps. When the measured phase shift angle is less at the thresholds, the green lamp in the middle lights up.
  • the phase shift angle exceeds the positive or negative threshold of minimum absolute value
  • the orange left or right lamp lights up depending on whether it is the positive threshold or the negative threshold.
  • the phase shift angle exceeds the positive or negative threshold of maximum absolute value
  • the red left or right lamp lights up, depending on whether it is the positive threshold or the negative threshold.
  • the plane of symmetry. 42 of the arm 4 comprising the axis 32 of the emitting coil 6 and perpendicular to the plane of the axes 33 of the receiving coils, also comprises the axes of holes 43 which are parallel to these axes 32 and 33. These holes 43 are arranged at constant intervals.
  • holes 43 correspond to the different pins which can be introduced into a bone during an operation in the sense that at the distance between the axes of the channels formed in the pins for the introduction of the proximal and distal pins corresponds the distance between l axis of the tube 10 and the axis of one of the holes.
  • the electromagnetic sight 1 is placed astride the limb to be operated, so that the socket of the template integral with the spindle introduced into the fractured bone is inside a hole 43.
  • the axis of this hole then coincides with the axis of the channel formed in the pin for the proximal pin and the receiving coils 7 are located on either side of the member.
  • the electromagnetic viewfinder 1 can be placed in this way thanks to the fact that the free distance between the receiving coils 7 is sufficient to give room for the member to operate and is, for example, of the order of 9 to 13 cm.
  • the surgeon knows which of the holes should be used; this is the hole whose axis is located at the distance from the axis of the tube 10 which is exactly equal to the distance between the two channels which are formed in the pin used for the proximal and distal pins. Next to each hole is indicated on the arm 4 the number or the length of the corresponding pin. The surgeon therefore knows which hole is to be used for the current operation with a specific pin.
  • the channel of the tube 10 can then be placed precisely in the extension of the channel formed in the pin for the distal pin.
  • the tube 10 can guide the drill for exact drilling of the bone at the level of this channel and for the correct introduction of the distal pin. However, it is then necessary for the plane of symmetry 42 of the arm 4 to comprise the axis of the spindle or in other words that the spindle is midway between the receiving coils 7.
  • the green lamp lights up.
  • the axis of the tube 10 then points the distal hole of the pin.
  • a slight deviation in one direction or the other is signaled by the lighting of an orange lamp.
  • An orange lamp lights up, for example, when the difference between the spindle and the center line between the receiving coils 7 is of the order of 0.6 to 0.7 mm. A more pronounced deviation is signaled by the lighting of a red lamp.
  • the installation according to the invention thus allows perfect location of the distal pin channel when drilling the bone for the distal pin and during the introduction of the latter.

Abstract

L'installation pour déterminer la position d'une tige métallique dans un os comprend un support (3), une bobine de self-induction émettrice (6) et deux bobines de self-induction réceptrices (7) montées sur le support (3). Les bobines réceptrices (7) sont disposées de part et d'autre de la bobine émettrice (6) mais l'espace entre les bobines réceptrices (7) en face de la bobine émettrice (6) demeure libre. La bobine émettrice (6) est alimentée par un oscillateur à une fréquence de l'ordre de 30 kHz. Les bobines réceptrices (7) commandent des organes de signalisation (41) en fonction du déphasage des signaux produits par les bobines réceptrices (7).The installation for determining the position of a metal rod in a bone comprises a support (3), a transmitting self-induction coil (6) and two receiving self-induction coils (7) mounted on the support (3) . The receiving coils (7) are arranged on either side of the transmitting coil (6) but the space between the receiving coils (7) opposite the transmitting coil (6) remains free. The transmitting coil (6) is supplied by an oscillator at a frequency of the order of 30 kHz. The receiving coils (7) control signaling members (41) as a function of the phase shift of the signals produced by the receiving coils (7).

Description

La présente invention est relative à une installation pour déterminer la position d'un corps métallique dans un milieu peu conducteur de l'électricité, comprenant :

  • - un support,
  • - une bobine de self-induction émettrice montée sur le support,
  • - deux bobines de self-induction réceptrices montées sur le support,

les bobines ayant des axes parallèles, les bobines réceptrices étant situées symétriquement par rapport à la bobine émettrice et les plans de symétrie des bobines réceptrices perpendiculaires à leurs axes coïncidant et différant du plan de symétrie de la bobine émettrice perpendiculaire à son axe,
  • - une liaison à une source de courant pour cette bobine émettrice,
  • - des organes de signalisation, et
  • - une connexion entre les bobines réceptrices et les organes de signalisation.
The present invention relates to an installation for determining the position of a metal body in an environment which is not very conductive of electricity, comprising:
  • - a support,
  • - an emitting self-induction coil mounted on the support,
  • - two receiver self-induction coils mounted on the support,

the coils having parallel axes, the receiving coils being located symmetrically with respect to the transmitting coil and the planes of symmetry of the receiving coils perpendicular to their axes coinciding and differing from the plane of symmetry of the transmitting coil perpendicular to its axis,
  • - a link to a current source for this transmitting coil,
  • - signaling devices, and
  • - a connection between the receiving coils and the signaling devices.

Une installation de ce genre est connue de US-A-2 228 293. Dans la forme de réalisation selon la figure 3 de ce brevet, l'installation comprend trois bobines émettrices situées respectivement sur les trois bras d'un noyau en forme de E. Ces bobines sont alimentées en courant continu et sont connectées en série de telle manière que le flux magnétique produit dans la bobine centrale est de polarité opposée par rapport au flux magnétique produit dans les autres bobines. Deux bobines réceptrices connectées en série, sont montées sur les deux bras extérieurs du noyau, dans le prolongement des bobines émettrices montées sur ces bras. L'installation comprend des moyens détectant les changements de la tension induite dans les bobines réceptrices suite à des changements de réluctance du champ magnétique produits par le mouvement d'un corps métallique dans ce champ.An installation of this kind is known from US-A-2 228 293. In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 of this patent, the installation comprises three emitting coils situated respectively on the three arms of an E-shaped core These coils are supplied with direct current and are connected in series in such a way that the magnetic flux produced in the central coil is of opposite polarity with respect to the magnetic flux produced in the other coils. Two receiving coils connected in series, are mounted on the two outer arms of the core, in the extension of the emitting coils mounted on these arms. The installation includes means detecting changes in the voltage induced in the receiving coils following changes in the reluctance of the magnetic field produced by the movement of a metallic body in this field.

Cette installation qui est destinée à la détection d'un objet métallique dans une masse en mouvement, ne permet pas de localiser un corps métallique dans une matière mauvaise conductrice de l'électricité avec une très grande précision telle que celle qui est requise lors d'opérations de corps humains et qui est, par exemple,de l'ordre d'une fraction de millimètre. En outre la disposition relative des bobines de cette installation connue est telle qu'elle ne permet pas de placer le support avec ses bobines en bonne position pour que l'intensité du signal commandant les organes de signalisation s'accroit avec l'asymétrie de l'objet métallique par rapport aux bobines.This installation which is intended for the detection of a metallic object in a moving mass, does not make it possible to locate a metallic body in a material bad conductor of electricity with a very high precision such as that which is required during human body operations and which is, for example, on the order of a fraction of a millimeter. In addition, the relative arrangement of the coils of this known installation is such that it does not allow the support with its coils to be placed in a good position so that the intensity of the signal controlling the signaling members increases with the asymmetry of the metal object relative to the coils.

L'invention a pour but de créer une installation qui grâce à sa conception mécanique et électrique permet une localisation optimale d'un objet métallique.The invention aims to create an installation which, thanks to its mechanical and electrical design, allows an optimal localization of a metallic object.

A cet effet la source de courant est une source de courant alternatif, l'espace entre les bobines réceptrices en face de la bobine émettrice demeure libre et la connexion entre les bobines réceptrices et les organes de signalisation commande ces derniers en fonction du déphasage des signaux produits par les bobines réceptrices.For this purpose the current source is an alternating current source, the space between the receiving coils in front of the transmitting coil remains free and the connection between the receiving coils and the signaling devices controls the latter according to the phase shift of the signals. produced by the take-up coils.

La source de courant alternatif comprend de préférence un oscillateur, par exemple à une fréquence de l'ordre de 30 kilohertz.The alternating current source preferably comprises an oscillator, for example at a frequency of the order of 30 kilohertz.

Il est à remarquer que l'installation suivant l'invention permet plus particulièrement la localisation très précise d'une broche métallique qui est introduite dans le canal médullaire d'un os fracturé.It should be noted that the installation according to the invention more particularly allows the very precise location of a metal pin which is introduced into the medullary canal of a fractured bone.

Le brevet belge no. 865 635 décrit l'introduction d'une broche dans le canal médullaire d'un os fracturé et le placement de deux goupilles transversales aux deux extrémités de la broche à travers l'os et les trous prévus à cet effet dans la broche.Belgian patent no. 865 635 describes the introduction of a pin into the medullary canal of a fractured bone and the placement of two transverse pins at the two ends of the pin through the bone and the holes provided for this purpose in the pin.

Suivant ce brevet le forage de l'os pour le placement des goupilles et le placement de ces goupilles sont effectués en utilisant un gabarit solidaire de la broche.According to this patent, the drilling of the bone for the placement of the pins and the placement of these pins are carried out using a template integral with the pin.

L'expérience a démontré que le forage de l'os pour le placement de la goupille proximale et ce placement peuvent être effectués en utilisant ce gabarit solidaire de la broche, mais que ce gabarit ne peut être utilisé lors du forage de l'os pour le placement de le. goupille distale et lors de ce placement que si le canal médullaire de l'os fracturé est rigoureusement droit, ce qui est rarement le cas.Experience has shown that the drilling of the bone for the placement of the proximal pin and this placement can be carried out using this template integral with the pin, but that this template cannot be used when drilling the bone for the placement of the. distal pin and during this placement only if the medullary canal of the fractured bone is strictly straight, which is rarely the case.

Le forage de l'os pour le placement de la goupille distale et le placement de cette goupille requièrent par conséquent un-autre moyen pour la localisation avec grande précision de la broche en toutes circonstances.The drilling of the bone for the placement of the distal pin and the placement of this pin therefore requires another means for the pinpoint location of the pin in all circumstances.

L'installation suivant l'invention telle que définie ci-dessus constitue un tel moyen.The installation according to the invention as defined above constitutes one such means.

Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, la distance entre le plan de symétrie des bobines réceptrices et le plan de symétrie de la bobine émettrice est de l'ordre de 1 à 10 cm, de préférence de l'ordre de 6 à 7 cm, la hauteur de la bobine émettrice est de l'ordre de 1 cm, la hauteur des bobines réceptrices est de l'ordre de 2 à 3 cm et la distance libre entre les bobines réceptrices est de l'ordre de 9 à 13 cm.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the distance between the plane of symmetry of the receiving coils and the plane of symmetry of the emitting coil is of the order of 1 to 10 cm, preferably of the order of 6 to 7 cm, the height of the transmitting coil is of the order of 1 cm, the height of the receiving coils is of the order of 2 to 3 cm and the free distance between the receiving coils is of the order of 9 to 13 cm.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention le support comprend un bras dont un plan de symétrie comprend l'axe de la bobine émettrice et est perpendiculaire au plan défini par les axes des bobines réceptrices, la bobine émettrice et le bras présentent un canal coaxial a ec la bobine émettrice,le bras présente en outre une série de trous qui sont parallèles aux axes et qui ont leur axe dans ledit plan de symétrie, et -a source de courant alternatif et les organes de signalisation font partie d'un dispositif électronique auquel les bobines sont reliées par des cables.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the support comprises an arm, a plane of symmetry of which comprises the axis of the emitting coil and is perpendicular to the plane defined by the axes of the receiving coils, the emitting coil and the arm. have a coaxial channel with the emitting coil, the arm also has a series of holes which are parallel to the axes and which have their axes in said plane of symmetry, and -a source of alternating current and the signaling elements are part of 'an electronic device to which the coils are connected by cables.

D'autres détails et particularités de l'invention ressortiront de la description d'une installation pour déterminer la position d'un corps métallique dans un milieu peu conducteur de l'électricité suivant l'invention,donnée ci-après à titre d'exemple non limitatif avec référence aux dessins ci-annexés.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en plan d'une partie d'une installation pour déterminer la position d'un corps métallique dans un milieu peu conducteur de l'électricité suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en élévation de la partie de l'installation représentée à la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est une vue de côté de l'installation dont une partie est représentée aux figures 1 et 2.
  • La figure 4 est une vue d'en bas d'une partie de l'installation suivant les figures précédentes.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en coupe, à une échelle plus grande, suivant la ligne V-V de la figure 1.
  • La figure 6 est une vue en coupe, à l'échelle de la figure 5, suivant la ligne VI-VI de la figure 1.
  • La figure 7 est une vue en coupe, à l'échelle des figures 5 et 6, suivant la ligne VII-VII de la figure 1.
  • La figure 8 est un diagramme synoptique de la partie électrique de l'installation suivant les figures précédentes.
Other details and particularities of the invention will emerge from the description of an installation for determining the position of a metal body in an environment which is not very conductive of electricity according to the invention, given below by way of example. not limiting with reference to the attached drawings.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of part of an installation for determining the position of a metal body in an environment which is not very conductive of electricity according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the part of the installation shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the installation, part of which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Figure 4 is a bottom view of part of the installation according to the previous figures.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view, on a larger scale, along the line VV of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view, on the scale of Figure 5, along the line VI-VI of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view, on the scale of FIGS. 5 and 6, along the line VII-VII of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram of the electrical part of the installation according to the previous figures.

Dans les différentes figures les mêmes notations de référence désignent des éléments identiques.In the different figures, the same reference notations designate identical elements.

L'installation représentée aux figures est destinée à la localisation avec grande précision de l'extrémité d'une broche introduite dans un os entouré de tissu musculaire, de façon à pouvoir effectuer des incisions dans le tissu musculaire et à pouvoir forer dans cet os un canal transversal exactement dans l'axe du canal transversal ménagé dans cette extrémité de la broche pour l'introduction par la suite de la goupille distale.The installation shown in the figures is intended for the location with great precision of the end a spindle inserted into a bone surrounded by muscle tissue, so as to be able to make incisions in the muscle tissue and to be able to drill in this bone a transverse channel exactly in the axis of the transverse channel formed in this end of the spindle the subsequent introduction of the distal pin.

L'introduction de la broche dans l'os et le placement de la goupille proximale sont réalisés avant l'emploi de l'installation suivant l'invention, de la façon décrite dans le brevet belge no. 865.635.The introduction of the pin into the bone and the placement of the proximal pin are carried out before using the installation according to the invention, as described in Belgian patent no. 865.635.

L'installation représentée aux figures se compose d'un viseur électromagnétique 1 et d'un dispositif électronique 2.The installation shown in the figures consists of an electromagnetic sight 1 and an electronic device 2.

Le viseur électromagnétique comprend un support en matière plastique 3 en forme de T, composé d'un bras 4 et de deux branches 5.The electromagnetic sight includes a T-shaped plastic support 3, composed of an arm 4 and two arms 5.

Contre la face inférieure du support 3 sont montées trois bobines : une première bobine de self-induction 6, qui est une bobine émettrice, et deux secondes bobines de self-induction 7, qui sont des bobines réceptrices.Against the underside of the support 3 are mounted three coils: a first self-induction coil 6, which is a transmitting coil, and two second self-induction coils 7, which are receiving coils.

La bobine émettrice 6 est composée d'un enroulement b porté par un noyau 9 en matière plastique fixé sur la face inférieure du bras 4 entre les branches 5 au moyen d'un tube lO formant boulon et d'un écrou 11 en matière plastique. Ce tube 10 est en un métal bon conducteur de l'électricité et non magnétique tel que l'aluminium.The emitting coil 6 is composed of a winding b carried by a plastic core 9 fixed on the underside of the arm 4 between the arms 5 by means of a tube 10 forming a bolt and a nut 11 of plastic material. This tube 10 is made of a metal which is a good conductor of electricity and not magnetic, such as aluminum.

Le rebord 12 da tube 10 se loge dans un creux ménagé dans la face inférieure du noyau 9 et l'écrou 11 prend appui sur la face supérieure du bras 4.The rim 12 of the tube 10 is housed in a hollow formed in the lower face of the core 9 and the nut 11 bears on the upper face of the arm 4.

Un capuchon 13 en matière plastique est pris avec son rebord 14 entre le noyau 9 et la face inférieure du bras 4. Le capuchon 13 recouvre l'enroulement 8.A plastic cap 13 is taken with its rim 14 between the core 9 and the underside of the arm 4. The cap 13 covers the winding 8.

Un trou 15, un passage 23 et une rainure 16 sont ménagés dans un rebord du noyau 9 pour le passage des fils (non représentés) menant à l'enroulement 8.A hole 15, a passage 23 and a groove 16 are formed in a rim of the core 9 for the passage of the wires (not shown) leading to the winding 8.

La rainure se prolonge dans le rebord 14 du capuchon 13.The groove extends into the rim 14 of the cap 13.

Chacune des bobines réceptrices 7 est composée d'un enroulement 17 porté par un noyau 18 en matière plastique fixé sur la face inférieure d'une branche 5 au moyen d'un boulon 19 en matière plastique vissé dans la branche.Each of the receiving coils 7 is composed of a winding 17 carried by a plastic core 18 fixed on the underside of a branch 5 by means of a plastic bolt 19 screwed into the branch.

Un capuchon 20 en matière plastique recouvre le noyau 18, sur lequel il est vissé, ainsi que l'enroulement 17.A plastic cap 20 covers the core 18, on which it is screwed, as well as the winding 17.

Dans le noyau 18 sont ménagés des trous 21,22 et 24 pour le passage des fils (non représentés) menant à l'enroulement 17.In the core 18 are provided holes 21, 22 and 24 for the passage of the wires (not shown) leading to the winding 17.

Les fils (non représentés) menant aux enroulements 8 et 17 sont guidés à partir des trous 24 et de la rainure 16 à travers des rainures 25,26 et 27, et un évidement 28 vers l'entrée d'un canal 29 ménagé dans une pièce de guidage 30 en matière plastique. Cette pièce 30 est montée dans le bras 4 qu'elle traverse et dans lequel elle est maintenue par une plaque 31 vissée sur son extrémité.The wires (not shown) leading to the windings 8 and 17 are guided from the holes 24 and the groove 16 through grooves 25, 26 and 27, and a recess 28 towards the entry of a channel 29 formed in a guide piece 30 made of plastic. This part 30 is mounted in the arm 4 which it crosses and in which it is held by a plate 31 screwed on its end.

L'axe 32 de la bobine émettrice 6 et les axes 33 des bobines réceptrices 7 sont situés dans un même plan.The axis 32 of the transmitting coil 6 and the axes 33 of the receiving coils 7 are located in the same plane.

Les plans de symétrie 35 des bobines réceptrices 7 perpendiculaires à leurs axes 33 coïncident et diffèrent du plan de symétrie 34 de la bobine émettrice 6 perpendiculaire à son axe 32.The planes of symmetry 35 of the receiving coils 7 perpendicular to their axes 33 coincide and differ from the plane of symmetry 34 of the emitting coil 6 perpendicular to its axis 32.

La distance entre les plans 35 d'une part et le plan 34 d'autre part dépend du genre d'os au traitement duquel l'installation est destinée et est en général de l'ordre de 1 à lO cm et préférentiellement de l'ordre de 6 à 7 cm.The distance between the planes 35 on the one hand and the plane 34 on the other hand depends on the type of bone for the treatment of which the installation is intended and is generally of the order of 1 to 10 cm and preferably of the order of 6 to 7 cm.

La hauteur de l'enroulement 8, c'est-à-dire sa dimension dans le sens de l'axe 32, est de l'ordre de 1 cm. La hauteur des enroulements 17, c'est-à-dire leur dimension dans le sens des axes 33, dépend du genre d'os au traitement duquel l'installation est destinée et est en général de l'ordre de 2 à 3 cm.The height of the winding 8, that is to say its dimension in the direction of the axis 32, is of the order of 1 cm. The height of the windings 17, that is to say their dimension in the direction of the axes 33, depends on the kind of bone for the treatment of which the installation is intended and is generally of the order of 2 to 3 cm.

C'est essentiellement grace à la disposition relative des bobines qu'il se crée un déphasage suffisant entre les f.e.m. produites dans les bobines réceptrices 7 sous l'influence du champ électromagnétique créé par la bobine émettrice 6 alimentée en 'courant alternatif, lorsqu'une broche métallique est disposée asymétriquement entre les bobines 7.It is essentially thanks to the relative arrangement of the coils that a sufficient phase difference is created between the f.e.m. produced in the receiving coils 7 under the influence of the electromagnetic field created by the transmitting coil 6 supplied with alternating current, when a metal pin is arranged asymmetrically between the coils 7.

Les câbles 36 comprenant les fils menant aux enroulements 8 et 17 relient le viseur électromagnétique 1 au dispositif électronique 2 suivant le diagramme synoptique de la figure 8.The cables 36 comprising the wires leading to the windings 8 and 17 connect the electromagnetic viewfinder 1 to the electronic device 2 according to the block diagram of FIG. 8.

Ce dispositif est alimenté à partir du réseau 37. Il comprend un oscillateur 44 qui alimente en courant alternatif la bobine émettrice 6. Cette dernière reçoit un courant d'une fréquence de l'ordre de 30 kilohertz. Le champ électromagnétique ainsi créé induit des f.e.m. dans les bobines réceptrices 7. Ces f.e.m. sont parfaitement en phase s'il n'y a pas de métal entre les bobines 7 ou si entre ces dernières se trouve une pièce métallique disposée d'une façon parfaitement symétrique par rapport à ces bobines.This device is supplied from the network 37. It comprises an oscillator 44 which supplies alternating current to the transmitting coil 6. The latter receives a current with a frequency of the order of 30 kilohertz. The electromagnetic field thus created induces f.e.m. in the take-up coils 7. These f.e.m. are perfectly in phase if there is no metal between the coils 7 or if between them is a metal part arranged in a perfectly symmetrical manner with respect to these coils.

Le dispositif électronique comprend des moyens 38 d'amplification des signaux créés dans les bobines réceptrices 7, des moyens 39 de mesure de l'angle de déphasage entre ces signaux amplifiés et un moyen 40 de comparaison de cet angle de déphasage par rapport à deux seuils positifs et à deux seuils négatifs. Ce moyen de comparaison commande à son tour cinq lampes LED 41 dont celle du milieu est verte; de part et d'autre de cette dernière se trouve une lampe orange et aux extrémités sont disposées des lampes rouges. Lorsque l'angle de déphasage mesuré est inférieur aux seuils, la lampe verte du milieu s'allume. Lorsque l'angle de déphasage dépasse le seuil positif ou négatif de valeur absolue minimale, la lampe orange de gauche ou de droite s'allume selon qu'il s'agit du seuil positif ou du seuil négatif. Lorsque l'angle de déphasage dépasse le seuil positif ou négatif de valeur absolue maximale, la lampe rouge de gauche ou de droite s'allume, selon qu'il s'agit du seuil positif ou du seuil négatif.The electronic device comprises means 38 for amplifying the signals created in the receiving coils 7, means 39 for measuring the phase shift angle between these amplified signals and a means 40 for comparing this phase shift angle with respect to two thresholds positive and two negative thresholds. This comparison means in turn controls five LED lamps 41, the middle one of which is green; on either side of the latter is an orange lamp and at the ends are arranged red lamps. When the measured phase shift angle is less at the thresholds, the green lamp in the middle lights up. When the phase shift angle exceeds the positive or negative threshold of minimum absolute value, the orange left or right lamp lights up depending on whether it is the positive threshold or the negative threshold. When the phase shift angle exceeds the positive or negative threshold of maximum absolute value, the red left or right lamp lights up, depending on whether it is the positive threshold or the negative threshold.

Le plan de symétrie.42 du bras 4, comprenant l'axe 32 de la bobine émettrice 6 et perpendiculaire au plan des axes 33 des bobines réceptrices, comprend également les axes de trous 43 qui sont parallèles à ces axes 32 et 33. Ces trous 43 sont disposés à intervalles constants.The plane of symmetry. 42 of the arm 4, comprising the axis 32 of the emitting coil 6 and perpendicular to the plane of the axes 33 of the receiving coils, also comprises the axes of holes 43 which are parallel to these axes 32 and 33. These holes 43 are arranged at constant intervals.

Ces trous 43 correspondent aux différentes broches qui peuvent être introduites dans un os lors d'une opération en ce sens qu'à la distance entre les axes des canaux ménagés dans les broches pour l'introduction des goupilles proximale et distale correspond la distance entre l'axe du tube 10 et l'axe d'un des trous.These holes 43 correspond to the different pins which can be introduced into a bone during an operation in the sense that at the distance between the axes of the channels formed in the pins for the introduction of the proximal and distal pins corresponds the distance between l axis of the tube 10 and the axis of one of the holes.

Au cours d'une opération le viseur électromagnétique 1 est placé à califourchon sur le membre à opérer, de façon telle que la douille du gabarit solidaire de la broche introduite dans l'os fracturé se trouve à l'intérieur d'un trou 43. L'axe de ce trou coïncide alors avec l'axe du canal ménagé dans la broche pour la goupille proximale et les bobines réceptrices 7 se trouvent de part et d'autre du membre. Le viseur électromagnétique 1 peut être placé de cette façon grâce au fait que la distance libre entre les bobines réceptrices 7 est suffisante pour donner place au membre à opérer et est, par exemple, de l'ordre de 9 à 13 cm.During an operation, the electromagnetic sight 1 is placed astride the limb to be operated, so that the socket of the template integral with the spindle introduced into the fractured bone is inside a hole 43. The axis of this hole then coincides with the axis of the channel formed in the pin for the proximal pin and the receiving coils 7 are located on either side of the member. The electromagnetic viewfinder 1 can be placed in this way thanks to the fact that the free distance between the receiving coils 7 is sufficient to give room for the member to operate and is, for example, of the order of 9 to 13 cm.

Le chirurgien sait lequel des trous doit être utilisé; il s'agit du trou dont l'axe est situé à la distance de l'axe du tube 10 qui est exactement égale à la distance entre les deux canaux qui sont ménagés dans la broche utilisée pour les goupilles proximale et distale. A coté de chaque trou est indiqué sur le bras 4 le numéro ou la longueur de la broche correspondante. Le chirurgien sait par conséquent quel trou est à utiliser pour l'opération en cours avec une broche déterminée.The surgeon knows which of the holes should be used; this is the hole whose axis is located at the distance from the axis of the tube 10 which is exactly equal to the distance between the two channels which are formed in the pin used for the proximal and distal pins. Next to each hole is indicated on the arm 4 the number or the length of the corresponding pin. The surgeon therefore knows which hole is to be used for the current operation with a specific pin.

Le canal du tube lO peut alors être placé avec précision dans le prolongement du canal ménagé dans la broche pour la goupille distale.The channel of the tube 10 can then be placed precisely in the extension of the channel formed in the pin for the distal pin.

Le tube lO peut guider le foret pour le forage exact de l'os à hauteur de ce canal et pour l'introduction correcte de la goupille distale. Toutefois, il faut alors que le plan de symétrie 42 du bras 4 comprenne l'axe de la broche ou en d'autres mots que la broche soit à mi-distance entre les bobines réceptrices 7.The tube 10 can guide the drill for exact drilling of the bone at the level of this channel and for the correct introduction of the distal pin. However, it is then necessary for the plane of symmetry 42 of the arm 4 to comprise the axis of the spindle or in other words that the spindle is midway between the receiving coils 7.

Or, il résulte de ce qui précède que si la broche, pièce métallique, est exactement à mi-distance entre les bobines réceptrices, la lampe verte s'allume. L'axe du tube 10 pointe alors le trou distal de la broche. Un écart léger dans un sens ou dans l'autre est signalé par l'allumage d'une lampe orange. Une lampe orange s'allume, par exemple, lorsque l'écart entre la broche et la ligne médiane entre les bobines réceptrices 7 est de l'ordre de 0,6 à 0,7 mm. Un écart plus prononcé est signalé par l'allumage d'une lampe rouge.However, it follows from the above that if the pin, a metallic part, is exactly halfway between the receiving coils, the green lamp lights up. The axis of the tube 10 then points the distal hole of the pin. A slight deviation in one direction or the other is signaled by the lighting of an orange lamp. An orange lamp lights up, for example, when the difference between the spindle and the center line between the receiving coils 7 is of the order of 0.6 to 0.7 mm. A more pronounced deviation is signaled by the lighting of a red lamp.

L'installation suivant l'invention permet ainsi une localisation parfaite du canal distal de la broche lors du forage de l'os pour la goupille distale et lors de l'introduction de cette dernière.The installation according to the invention thus allows perfect location of the distal pin channel when drilling the bone for the distal pin and during the introduction of the latter.

Il est bien entendu que l'installation et plus particulièrement le dispositif électronique peuvent être munis de moyens de réglage classiques.It is understood that the installation and more particularly the electronic device can be provided with conventional adjustment means.

Il doit également être entendu que l'invention n'est nullement limitée à la forme de réalisation décrite ci-avant et que bien de modifications peuvent y être apportées, notamment quant à la forme, au nombre, à la disposition et à la composition des éléments intervenant dans sa réalisation, sans sortir du cadre de la présente demande de brevet.It should also be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described above and that many modifications can be made to it, in particular as to the form, the number, the arrangement and composition of the elements involved in its realization, without departing from the scope of this patent application.

Claims (14)

1. Installation pour déterminer la position d'un corps métallique dans un milieu peu conducteur de l'électricité, comprenant : - un support (3), - une bobine de self-induction émettrice (6) montée sur le support (3), - deux bobines de self-induction réceptrices (7) montées sur le support (3),
les bobines (6 et 7) ayant des axes (32 et 33) parallèles, les bobines réceptrices (7) étant situées symétriquement par rapport à la bobine émettrice (6) et les plans de symétrie (35) des bobines réceptrices (7) perpendiculaires à leurs axes (33) coincidant et différant du plan de symétrie (34) de la bobine émettrice (6) perpendiculaire à son axe (32), - une liaison (36) à une source de courant (44) pour la bobine émettrice (6), - des organes de signalisation (41), et - une connexion (36,38,39,40) entre les bobines réceptrices (7) et les organes de signalisation (41),
caractérisée en ce que : - la source de courant (44) est une source de courant alternatif, - l'espace entre les bobines réceptrices (7) en face de la bobine émettrice (6) demeure libre, et - la connexion (36,38,39,40) entre les bobines réceptrices (7) et les organes de signalisation (41) commande ces derniers en fonction du déphasage des signaux produits par les bobines réceptrices (7). 1. Installation for determining the position of a metal body in an environment which is not very conductive of electricity, comprising: - a support (3), - an emitting self-induction coil (6) mounted on the support (3), - two receiving self-induction coils (7) mounted on the support (3),
the coils (6 and 7) having axes (32 and 33) parallel, the receiving coils (7) being located symmetrically with respect to the emitting coil (6) and the planes of symmetry (35) of the receiving coils (7) perpendicular their axes (33) coinciding and differing from the plane of symmetry (34) of the emitting coil (6) perpendicular to its axis (32), - a link (36) to a current source (44) for the emitting coil (6), - signaling members (41), and - a connection (36,38,39,40) between the receiving coils (7) and the signaling members (41),
characterized in that: the current source (44) is an alternating current source, - the space between the receiving coils (7) in front of the emitting coil (6) remains free, and - The connection (36,38,39,40) between the receiving coils (7) and the signaling members (41) controls the latter as a function of the phase shift of the signals produced by the receiving coils (7). 2. Installation suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que la source de courant alternatif comprend un oscillateur (44).2. Installation according to the pre claim cedent, characterized in that the alternating current source comprises an oscillator (44). 3. Installation suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que l'oscillateur (44) est à une fréquence de l'ordre de 30 kilohertz.3. Installation according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the oscillator (44) is at a frequency of the order of 30 kilohertz. 4. Installation suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la distance entre le plan de symétrie (35) des bobines réceptrices (7) et le plan de symétrie (34) de la bobine émettrice (6) est de l'ordre de 1 à lO cm.4. Installation according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the plane of symmetry (35) of the receiving coils (7) and the plane of symmetry (34) of the emitting coil (6) is of the order of 1 to 10 cm. 5. Installation suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que la distance est de l'ordre de 6 à 7 cm.5. Installation according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the distance is of the order of 6 to 7 cm. 6. Installation suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 4 et 5, caractérisée en ce que la hauteur de la bobine émettrice (6) est de l'ordre de 1 cm.6. Installation according to either of Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the height of the emitting coil (6) is of the order of 1 cm. 7. Installation suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la hauteur des bobines réceptrices (7) est de l'ordre de 2 à 3 cm.7. Installation according to either of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the height of the receiving coils (7) is of the order of 2 to 3 cm. 8. Installation suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la distance libre entre les bobines réceptrices (7) est de l'ordre de 9 à 13 cm.8. Installation according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free distance between the receiving coils (7) is of the order of 9 to 13 cm. 9. Installation suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le support (3) comprend un bras (4) dont un plan de symétrie comprend l'axe (32) de la bobine émettrice (6) et est perpendiculaire au plan défini par les axes (33) des bobines réceptrices (7), la bobine émettrice (6) et le bras (4) présentant un canal coaxial avec la bobine émettrice (6), le bras (4) présentant en outre une série de trous (43) qui sont parallèles aux axes (32 et 33) et qui ont leur axe dans ledit plan de symétrie, la source de courant alternatif (44) et les organes de signalisation (41) faisant partie d'un dispositif électronique auquel les bobines (6 et 7) sont reliées par des câbles (36).9. Installation according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support (3) comprises an arm (4), a plane of symmetry of which comprises the axis (32) of the emitting coil (6) and is perpendicular to the plane defined by the axes (33) of the receiving coils (7), the transmitting coil (6) and the arm (4) having a channel coaxial with the transmitting coil (6), the arm (4) further having a series of holes (43) which are parallel to the axes (32 and 33) and which have their axis in said plane of symmetry, the alternating current source (44) and the signaling members (41) being part of a device electro nique to which the coils (6 and 7) are connected by cables (36). 10. Installation suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que les trous (43) sont dispc.és à intervalles constants.10. Installation according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the holes (43) are dispc.és at constant intervals. 11. Installation suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisée en ce que le canal comprend un tube (10).11. Installation according to either of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the channel comprises a tube (10). 12. Installation suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que le tube (10) est en un métal bon conducteur de l'électricité et non magnétique.12. Installation according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the tube (10) is made of a metal which is a good conductor of electricity and not magnetic. 13. Installation suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les organes de signalisation (41) sont des lampes disposées en ligne, la lampe médiane indiquant un déphasage minimal.13. Installation according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signaling members (41) are lamps arranged in line, the middle lamp indicating a minimum phase shift. 14. Installation suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que les lampes (41) ont une couleur différente en fonction de leur distance à partir de la lampe médiane.14. Installation according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lamps (41) have a different color as a function of their distance from the central lamp.
EP83200877A 1982-06-17 1983-06-15 Apparatus for determining the position of a metal body in an electrical low conductivity medium Expired EP0097401B1 (en)

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AT83200877T ATE22734T1 (en) 1982-06-17 1983-06-15 ARRANGEMENT FOR DETECTING THE POSITION OF A METAL PIECE IN AN ENVIRONMENT WITH LOW ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY.

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LU84209 1982-06-17
LU84209A LU84209A1 (en) 1982-06-17 1982-06-17 INSTALLATION FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF A METAL BODY IN AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MEDIUM

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EP0097401A1 true EP0097401A1 (en) 1984-01-04
EP0097401B1 EP0097401B1 (en) 1986-10-08

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AT (1) ATE22734T1 (en)
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LU84209A1 (en) 1984-03-07
ATE22734T1 (en) 1986-10-15
DE3366748D1 (en) 1986-11-13
US4552134A (en) 1985-11-12
EP0097401B1 (en) 1986-10-08

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