EP0111213B1 - Apparatus and method for pouring molten metal - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for pouring molten metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0111213B1 EP0111213B1 EP83111706A EP83111706A EP0111213B1 EP 0111213 B1 EP0111213 B1 EP 0111213B1 EP 83111706 A EP83111706 A EP 83111706A EP 83111706 A EP83111706 A EP 83111706A EP 0111213 B1 EP0111213 B1 EP 0111213B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ingate
- rotation chamber
- molten metal
- chamber
- casting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095399 enema Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
- B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pouring device for casting a molten metal, as described in the preamble of claim 1, and a method for casting a molten metal according to the preamble of claim 15.
- the increasing quality requirements for castings with regard to improving the degree of purity and the demand for lowering the production costs by reducing the cleaning and reworking costs for castings are the reason to use improved casting techniques.
- the improvement of the casting technique includes the use of pouring pools with partitions and / or constrictions, which are intended to catch slag and non-metallic inclusions from the pouring stream. This also includes so-called rotating pots and swirl funnels or rotating chambers.
- DE-C-21 59 964 describes a vortex funnel which is primarily used in high-alloy steel castings for reactor parts, pumps, turbine housings, etc.
- This known vortex funnel is designed as an eddy current chamber, which consists of at least three superimposed elements, each of which is composed of building blocks which are interchangeable independently of the other elements.
- This vortex funnel is placed on the bottom of a casting mold and integrated into it and can only be used once.
- DE-A-29 50 393 describes a separator which is made from gasifiable plastic and is also stamped into the casting mold. This separator can also only be used once. It also has the disadvantage that, in the operating state, its wall consists essentially only of stamped-in molding sand, that it is very susceptible to erosion and can therefore itself become a source of non-metallic inclusions.
- DE-A-2544492 describes a casting stone for casting in molds or investment casting molds.
- the known casting stone has a receiving part called a template for the metal.
- melt from the bottom area of which an outlet duct runs to an outlet pipe, which is followed by a form funnel in the direction of the casting mold.
- the impurities in the steel melt should be separated by an extended residence time of the melt in the receiver with the possibility of physical separation due to different densities of impurities and melt.
- the deposition effect of such a device is very limited. In the transition area between the outlet duct and the outlet pipe, there is not only turbulence formation, but also undesired air intake, which leads to oxidation of the pouring jet and thus undesired formation of non-metallic inclusions.
- the object of the invention is to further develop a pouring device designed as a compact unit according to DE-A-25 14 492. that an increased degree of separation of non-metallic inclusions is achieved and in which air absorption (oxidation) of the molten metal is also ruled out.
- a pouring device not only in the casting of quality steels, but also in simple alloy steels, gray and nodular cast iron and non-ferrous metal casting, which do not tolerate high costs for additional techniques to improve the quality properties.
- a method according to the invention to be created is intended to simplify and improve the casting of molten metal while at the same time increasing the deposition of non-metallic inclusions.
- the receiving part is designed as a conically expanding rotary chamber and the inlet part opens tangentially into the rotary chamber, causing the incoming molten metal to undergo violent rotation.
- the design of the outlet part with a discharge gradient further ensures that no metallic material from the previous use is present when the pouring device is used again, so that its constant functionality is guaranteed.
- Solidified casting material remaining in the so-called bottom sump after the casting process can easily be removed by the conical design of the rotary chamber.
- a rounded transition between the floor and the peripheral wall further facilitates the removability.
- the solidified residual content is significantly reduced compared to that of the known fluidized funnels, which gives a significant improvement in the economy of casting metal melts.
- the metal yield per casting is significantly improved and a higher utilization of the melting capacity is achieved, which is ultimately reflected in an energy saving.
- the pouring device according to the invention no longer has any joints that can be rinsed out or through which liquid metal can break through. This completely avoids the fact that the vortex funnel itself can become a source of non-metallic inclusions.
- the outlet opening on the rotation chamber is designed as a horizontal slot and the molten metal emerges from the rotation chamber in the radial direction.
- the length of the horizontal slot is greater than its width, which ensures a largely loss-free radial escape of the molten metal.
- the outlet opening of the outlet part is arranged at the bottom of the rotation chamber, so that the molten metal leaves the rotation chamber through the bottom. It is advantageous if the outlet opening is not arranged in the middle of the bottom, but eccentrically.
- the inlet opening on the rotation chamber is designed as a vertical slot.
- a special rotational effect of the molten metal is achieved together with the feature of tangential inflow.
- the inlet part into the rotation chamber is then designed as a vertical slot, the length of which is greater than its width.
- the advantageous triangular arrangement of the rotation chamber, filler opening and outlet opening enables the compact trapezoidal design of the pouring device, as a result of which a material-saving design is achieved.
- Sealing fire chamotte, tabular clay, sintered mullite and corundum are proposed as temperature change and erosion-resistant refractory raw materials.
- a feed device for an inert purge gas enables the liquid metal rotating in the rotation chamber to be purged with an inert gas.
- This has the advantage that oxygen that may have been introduced is immediately removed again during the filling of the pouring device, so that an essential source of formation for the formation of non-metallic inclusions is thereby eliminated.
- flushing the rotary vortex with an inert flushing gas, in particular with argon increases the deposition effect of already existing, non-metallic, macroscopic and, above all, microscopic inclusions in a way that was not to be expected.
- the feed device for the purge gas is preferably arranged at the bottom of the rotation chamber by using a gas-permeable base part, such as a gas purge stone.
- the pouring device according to the invention has an addition chamber for inoculants. Accordingly, vaccination with inoculation metals, for example magnesium or silicon, can take place during the casting. Since the vaccination is carried out in a rotating pouring stream, the vaccination effect is improved and the vaccine metal can be used more economically and better.
- inoculation metals for example magnesium or silicon
- the addition chamber is advantageously arranged diametrically opposite the outlet cross section as a pocket or opening for receiving or feeding in the inoculant.
- the inoculation metal can be placed in this pocket or chamber before the start of watering or can be fed continuously in the form of a wire or granules through the opening.
- the supply of the seed metal in the rotating metal stream results in a better mixing of the seed metal and thus a higher effectiveness.
- the invention also provides for the outlet cross section to be closed with a metal plate which melts after the pouring device has been filled with molten metal.
- the avoidance of air access is optimized if the pouring device is flanged directly to the casting system of the mold via a tongue and groove connection. This eliminates the otherwise necessary pouring funnel, through which atmospheric oxygen is sucked into the liquid melt.
- This reusable compact unit combines the advantages of the well-known rotating puddle and the pouring basin and creates optimal hydraulic flow conditions in a confined space for separating non-metallic inclusions.
- the invention further relates to a method for casting molten metal, in which the rotating molten metal is flushed with an inert gas and / or, if appropriate, a vaccine is added.
- An inert gas can also be fed into the casting mold before the start of casting, so that the oxygen partial pressure of the casting chamber atmosphere is decisively reduced.
- inert gases such as argon or nitrogen, can also be flushed. So the separation effect is not me metallic inclusions significantly improved because the flushing action in the rotating vortex creates an additional possibility that micro- and macroscopic non-metallic inclusions are enlarged by coagulation and can then be separated in the rotating vortex.
- argon or nitrogen can also be flushed.
- the pouring device designed as a compact unit consists of an inlet part 1, a rotation chamber 2, preferably with a circular cross section, with a base 5 and an outlet part 4.
- the inlet part 1 opens into the rotation chamber 2 with an inlet opening 7 and the outlet part 4 is via the Outlet opening 6 connected to the rotation chamber 2.
- the upper area of the inlet part 1 is designed as a funnel 8 and has a filling opening 14.
- the molten metal flows into the rotation chamber 2 via the funnel 8.
- the inlet opening 7 is designed as a vertical slot. This slit-shaped design is necessary so that the liquid metal stream can enter tangentially into the rotation feature 2 in accordance with arrow 11 (see FIG. 2) in order to generate a strong rotating vortex.
- the outlet opening 6 is designed as a horizontal slot radially to the rotation chamber, so that the rotating liquid metal leaves the rotation chamber 2 in the radial direction according to arrow 12.
- the outlet part 4 has a drainage gradient up to the outlet opening 15, which is preferably directed downward, so that no liquid metal can remain in the outlet part 4.
- the outlet opening 6, which is designed as a horizontal slot and is arranged radially, ensures a space-saving design and a low bottom sump height H in good flow conditions. So that no metal melt remains in the inlet nozzle, the bottom edge of the inlet opening 7 must be at the same height or higher than the bottom edge of the outlet opening 6 .
- the ratio of width to height at the inlet opening should be in the range 1: 1.5 to 1: 4, that at the outlet opening should preferably be in a range from 1.5: 1 to 4: 1.
- the rotation chamber 2 is designed to widen conically from bottom to top, at least to the lower edge of the outlet opening 6, the taper being at least 1%.
- This height H of the so-called bottom sump is 0 to 50% - preferably 5 to 20% - of the total height of the rotation chamber 2.
- the transition from the bottom 5 to the peripheral wall of the rotation chamber is rounded.
- the lower edge of the outlet opening 6 can also be arranged with the bottom 5, so that the rotation chamber is completely emptied.
- the rotation chamber has at the bottom 5 a gas-permeable bottom part 9, such as. B. a ceramic gas purging plug, which with a tube 10, a feed device for an inert purging gas, such as. B. forms argon.
- the feed device can also be arranged so that the inert gas is fed radially or tangentially into the rotation chamber.
- the rotation chamber 2, the filler opening 14 and the outlet opening 15 are arranged in a triangular arrangement with respect to one another, as viewed from above, whereby the compact unit can be made trapezoidal in terms of material, seen in the same view.
- the metal melt entering the inlet part 1 via the funnel 8 flows through the inlet opening 7 into the rotation chamber 2.
- the arrangement of the inlet opening 7 ensures that the metal melt enters the rotation chamber 2 in the tangential direction according to arrow 11. This causes the liquid metal to rotate vigorously.
- the metal melt rotating in the rotation chamber 2 can be admixed with inoculant via an addition chamber 3.
- the addition chamber 3 is preferably arranged diametrically opposite the outlet opening 6.
- the molten metal enters the outlet part 4 through the outlet opening 6 in the radial direction according to arrow 12. Possibly the outlet opening 6 is closed with a metal plate which melts after the pouring device is filled with molten metal.
- Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment, which is characterized in that the molten metal does not exit radially but vertically downwards.
- the outlet opening 13 is advantageously arranged eccentrically on the base 5.
- the pouring device according to the invention can be used several times in succession without impairing its functionality.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Eingießvorrichtung zum Gießen einer Metallschmelze, wie sie im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 beschrieben ist, sowie ein Verfahren zum Gießen einer Metallschmelze gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 15.The invention relates to a pouring device for casting a molten metal, as described in the preamble of
Die steigenden Qualitätsanforderungen an Gußstücke in bezug auf Verbesserung des Reinheitsgrades und die Forderung nach Senkung der Herstellungskosten durch Verminderung des Putz- und Nachbearbeitungsaufwandes an Gußstücken sind der Anlaß, verbesserte Gießtechniken einzusetzen. Zur Verbesserung der Gießtechnik gehört der Einsatz von Gießtümpeln mit Trennwänden und/oder Einschnürungen, die Schlacken und nicht-metallische Einschlüsse aus dem Gießstrom abfangen sollen. Ferner gehören hierzu sogenannte Drehmasseln und Wirbeltrichter beziehungsweise Rotationskammern.The increasing quality requirements for castings with regard to improving the degree of purity and the demand for lowering the production costs by reducing the cleaning and reworking costs for castings are the reason to use improved casting techniques. The improvement of the casting technique includes the use of pouring pools with partitions and / or constrictions, which are intended to catch slag and non-metallic inclusions from the pouring stream. This also includes so-called rotating pots and swirl funnels or rotating chambers.
In der DE-C-21 59 964 ist ein Wirbeltrichter beschrieben, der in erster Linie bei hochlegiertem Stahlguß für Reaktorteile, Pumpen, Turbinengehäuse usw. eingesetzt wird. Dieser bekannte Wirbeltrichter ist als Wirbelstromkammer ausgebildet, die aus mindestens drei übereinandergeschichteten Elementen besteht, von denen jedes aus Bausteinen zusammengesetzt ist, welche unabhängig von den anderen Elementen austauschbar sind. Dieser Wirbeltrichter wird am Boden einer Gießform angeordnet und in diese integriert und kann insoweit nur einmal verwendet werden.DE-C-21 59 964 describes a vortex funnel which is primarily used in high-alloy steel castings for reactor parts, pumps, turbine housings, etc. This known vortex funnel is designed as an eddy current chamber, which consists of at least three superimposed elements, each of which is composed of building blocks which are interchangeable independently of the other elements. This vortex funnel is placed on the bottom of a casting mold and integrated into it and can only be used once.
Ferner wird in der DE-A-29 50 393 ein Separator beschrieben, der aus vergasbarem Kunststoff hergestellt und in die Gießform mit eingestampft wird. Dieser Separator ist ebenfalls nur einmal verwendbar. Ferner besitzt er den Nachteil, da im Betriebszustand seine Wand im wesentlichen nur aus eingestampftem Formsand besteht, daß er sehr erosions- anfällig ist und dadurch selbst Quelle nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse werden kann.Furthermore, DE-A-29 50 393 describes a separator which is made from gasifiable plastic and is also stamped into the casting mold. This separator can also only be used once. It also has the disadvantage that, in the operating state, its wall consists essentially only of stamped-in molding sand, that it is very susceptible to erosion and can therefore itself become a source of non-metallic inclusions.
Die DE-A-2544492 beschreibt einen Gießstein für den Abguß in Kokillen oder Feingußformen. Der bekannte Gießstein weist einen als Vorlage bezeichneten Aufnahmeteil für die Metall. schmelze auf, von deren Bodenbereich ein Auslaufkanal zu einem Auslaufrohr verläuft, an den sich in Richtung auf die Gießform ein Formtrichter anschließt. Eine Abscheidung der Verunreinigungen in der Stahlschmelze soll durch eine verlängerte Verweilzeit der Schmelze in der Vorlage mit der Möglichkeit der physikalischen Trennung aufgrund unterschiedlicher Dichten von Verunreinigungen und Schmelze erfolgen. Die Abscheidungswirkung einer derartigen Vorrichtung ist sehr beschränkt. Im Übergangsbereich von Auslaufkanal und Auslaufrohr kommt es darüber hinaus nicht nur zu einer Turbulenzbildung, sondern auch zu einer unerwünschten Luftaufnahme, die zu einer Oxidation des Gießstrahles und damit einer unerwünschten Bildung von nicht-metallischen Einschlüssen führt.DE-A-2544492 describes a casting stone for casting in molds or investment casting molds. The known casting stone has a receiving part called a template for the metal. melt, from the bottom area of which an outlet duct runs to an outlet pipe, which is followed by a form funnel in the direction of the casting mold. The impurities in the steel melt should be separated by an extended residence time of the melt in the receiver with the possibility of physical separation due to different densities of impurities and melt. The deposition effect of such a device is very limited. In the transition area between the outlet duct and the outlet pipe, there is not only turbulence formation, but also undesired air intake, which leads to oxidation of the pouring jet and thus undesired formation of non-metallic inclusions.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine als Kompakteinheit ausgebildete Eingießvorrichtung gemäß der DE-A-25 14 492 dahingehend weiterzubilden. daß ein erhöhter Abscheidungsgrad nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse erreicht und bei der auch eine Luftaufnahme (Oxidation) der Metallschmelze ausgeschlossen wird. Mit der Erfindung soll es ferner ermöglicht werden, eine Eingießvorrichtung nicht nur beim Gießen von Qualitätsstählen einzusetzen, sondern auch bei einfach legierten Stählen, Grau- und Sphäroguß sowie Nichteisenmetallguß, die keine hohen Kostenbelastungen für Zusatztechniken zur Verbesserung der Qualitätseigenschaften vertragen. Ein zu schaffendes erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren soll das Vergießen von Metallschmelze bei gleichzeitig erhöhter Abscheidung nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse vereinfachen und verbessern.The object of the invention is to further develop a pouring device designed as a compact unit according to DE-A-25 14 492. that an increased degree of separation of non-metallic inclusions is achieved and in which air absorption (oxidation) of the molten metal is also ruled out. With the invention it should also be possible to use a pouring device not only in the casting of quality steels, but also in simple alloy steels, gray and nodular cast iron and non-ferrous metal casting, which do not tolerate high costs for additional techniques to improve the quality properties. A method according to the invention to be created is intended to simplify and improve the casting of molten metal while at the same time increasing the deposition of non-metallic inclusions.
Die Erfindung ist beschrieben durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 und 15.The invention is described by the features of
Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Dabei ist der Aufnahmeteil als konisch sich nach oben erweiternde Rotationskammer ausgebildet und der Einlaufteil mündet tangential in die Rotationskammer ein, wodurch die einströmende Metallschmelze in heftige Rotation versetzt wird. Durch die Ausbildung der Eingießvorrichtung aus einem erosionsbeständigen und feuerfesten Material wird eine hohe Abriebfestigkeit erreicht, und damit auch die Mehrfachverwendbarkeit der Vorrichtung unterstützt.The receiving part is designed as a conically expanding rotary chamber and the inlet part opens tangentially into the rotary chamber, causing the incoming molten metal to undergo violent rotation. By forming the pouring device from an erosion-resistant and refractory material, a high abrasion resistance is achieved, and thus the multiple use of the device is also supported.
Das Merkmal eines mit einem Abflußgefälle versehenen Auslaufteils, der luftdicht unmittelbar in die Gießform einmündet, ermöglicht ein turbulenzfreies Gießen bei Vermeidung der Aufnahme von Luft, das heißt eine Oxidation der Metallschmelze wird verhindert.The feature of an outlet part provided with a discharge gradient, which opens airtight directly into the casting mold, enables turbulence-free casting while avoiding the absorption of air, that is, oxidation of the molten metal is prevented.
Durch die Anordnung der Vorrichtung auf der Gießform und eine dichtende Verbindung zu dieser werden kurze Gießwege erreicht und das Gießen unter Luftabschluß optimiert.Due to the arrangement of the device on the casting mold and a sealing connection to it, short casting paths are achieved and the casting is optimized in the absence of air.
Durch die Ausbildung des Auslaufteils mit Abflußgefälle wird weiter gewährleistet, daß bei der nochmaligen Verwendung der Eingießvorrichtung kein metallisches Material von der vorhergehenden Verwendung vorhanden ist, so daß deren immer gleichbleibende Funktionsfähigkeit gewährleistet ist.The design of the outlet part with a discharge gradient further ensures that no metallic material from the previous use is present when the pouring device is used again, so that its constant functionality is guaranteed.
Im sogenannten Bodensumpf nach dem Gießvorgang verbleibendes erstarrtes Gießmaterial kann durch die konische Ausbildung der Rotatiortskammer leicht entnommen werden. Ein abgerundeter Übergang zwischen dem Boden und der Umfangswand erleichtert die Entnehmbarkeit weiter.Solidified casting material remaining in the so-called bottom sump after the casting process can easily be removed by the conical design of the rotary chamber. A rounded transition between the floor and the peripheral wall further facilitates the removability.
Durch einen möglichst kleinen Bodensumpf, welcher durch den Raum zwischen dem Boden und der Unterkante der Austrittsöffnung gekennzeichnet ist und eine Höhe bis zu 50 % - vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 20 % - der Gesamthöhe der Rotationskammer aufweist, wird der erstarrte Restinhalt entscheidend gegenüber dem der bekannten Wirbeltrichter reduziert, wodurch eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit beim Gießen von Metallschmelzen gegeben ist.Through a floor sump that is as small as possible, which is characterized by the space between the floor and the lower edge of the outlet opening is drawn and has a height of up to 50% - preferably between 5 and 20% - of the total height of the rotation chamber, the solidified residual content is significantly reduced compared to that of the known fluidized funnels, which gives a significant improvement in the economy of casting metal melts.
Hierdurch wird auch das Metallausbringen je Gußstück entscheidend verbessert und eine höhere Ausnutzung der Schmelzkapazität erreicht, was sich letztendlich in einer Energieeinsparung niederschlägt. Die erfindungsgemäße Eingießvorrichtung besitzt keinerlei Fugen mehr, die ausgespült werden können oder durch die fiüssiges Metall durchbrechen kann. Dadurch wird vollständig vermieden, daß der Wirbeltrichter selbst eine Quelle für nicht-metallische Einschlüsse werden kann.As a result, the metal yield per casting is significantly improved and a higher utilization of the melting capacity is achieved, which is ultimately reflected in an energy saving. The pouring device according to the invention no longer has any joints that can be rinsed out or through which liquid metal can break through. This completely avoids the fact that the vortex funnel itself can become a source of non-metallic inclusions.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Austrittsöffnung an der Rotationskammer als waagerechter Schlitz ausgebildet und die Metallschmelze tritt in radialer Richtung aus der Rotationskammer aus. Die Länge des waagerechten Schlitzes ist größer als seine Breite, wodurch ein weitgehend verlustfreies radiales Austreten der Metallschmelze gewährleistet ist.Advantageously, the outlet opening on the rotation chamber is designed as a horizontal slot and the molten metal emerges from the rotation chamber in the radial direction. The length of the horizontal slot is greater than its width, which ensures a largely loss-free radial escape of the molten metal.
Nach einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform ist die Austrittsöffnung des Auslaufteils am Boden der Rotationskammer angeordnet, so daß die Metallschmelze die Rotationskammer durch den Boden verläßt. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Austrittsöffnung nicht in der Mitte des Bodens, sondern exzentrisch angeordnet ist.According to an embodiment of the invention, the outlet opening of the outlet part is arranged at the bottom of the rotation chamber, so that the molten metal leaves the rotation chamber through the bottom. It is advantageous if the outlet opening is not arranged in the middle of the bottom, but eccentrically.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Eintrittsöffnung an der Rotationskammer als senkrechter Schlitz ausgebildet. Hierdurch wird zusammen mit dem Merkmal der tangentialen Einströmung eine besondere Rotationswirkung der Metallschmelze erzielt. Der Einlaufteil in die Rotationskammer ist dann als senkrechter Schlitz ausgebildet, dessen Länge größer ist als seine Breite.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the inlet opening on the rotation chamber is designed as a vertical slot. As a result, a special rotational effect of the molten metal is achieved together with the feature of tangential inflow. The inlet part into the rotation chamber is then designed as a vertical slot, the length of which is greater than its width.
Die vorteilhafte dreiecksförmige Anordnung von Rotationskammer, Einfüllöffnung und Auslauföffnung ermöglicht die kompakte trapezförmige Ausbildung der Eingießvorrichtung, wodurch eine materialsparende Bauweise erreicht wird. Als temperaturwechsel- und erosionsbeständige Feuerfestrohstoffe werden beispielsweise Dichtbrandschamotte, Tabulartonerde, Sintermullit und Korund vorgeschlagen.The advantageous triangular arrangement of the rotation chamber, filler opening and outlet opening enables the compact trapezoidal design of the pouring device, as a result of which a material-saving design is achieved. Sealing fire chamotte, tabular clay, sintered mullite and corundum are proposed as temperature change and erosion-resistant refractory raw materials.
Durch die vorteilhafte Anordnung einer Zuführeinrichtung für ein inertes Spülgas wird das Spülen des in der Rotationskammer rotierenden flüssigen Metalles mit einem inerten Gas ermöglicht. Dies bringt den Vorteil, daß während des Füllens der Eingießvorrichtung gegebenenfalls eingeschleppter Sauerstoff sofort wieder entfernt wird, so daß dadurch eine wesentliche Entstehungsquelle zur Bildung nichtmetallischer Einschlüsse ausgeschaltet wird. Ferner erhöht die Durchspülung des Rotationswirbels mit einem inerten Spülgas, insbesondere mit Argon, die Abscheidungswirkung bereits vorhandener, nicht- metallischer, makroskopischer und vor allen Dingen mikroskopischer Einschlüsse in einer Weise, wie es nicht zu erwarten war. Ferner ist es über die Spülvorrichtung möglich, die gesamte Gießform vor Gießbeginn mit einem inerten Gas zu spülen, so daß der Sauerstoffpartialdruck in der Gießform entscheidend erniedrigt wird.The advantageous arrangement of a feed device for an inert purge gas enables the liquid metal rotating in the rotation chamber to be purged with an inert gas. This has the advantage that oxygen that may have been introduced is immediately removed again during the filling of the pouring device, so that an essential source of formation for the formation of non-metallic inclusions is thereby eliminated. Furthermore, flushing the rotary vortex with an inert flushing gas, in particular with argon, increases the deposition effect of already existing, non-metallic, macroscopic and, above all, microscopic inclusions in a way that was not to be expected. Furthermore, it is possible via the flushing device to flush the entire casting mold with an inert gas before the start of casting, so that the oxygen partial pressure in the casting mold is significantly reduced.
Vorzugsweise wird die Zuführvorrichtung für das Spülgas durch Verwendung eines gasdurchlässigen Bodenteiles wie zum Beispiel eines Gasspülsteines am Boden der Rotationskammer angeordnet.The feed device for the purge gas is preferably arranged at the bottom of the rotation chamber by using a gas-permeable base part, such as a gas purge stone.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die erfindungsgemäße Eingießvorrichtung eine Zugabekammer für Impfmittel auf. Während des Gießens kann demgemäß eine Impfung mit Impfmetallen, zum Beispiel Magnesium oder Silizium erfolgen. Da die Impfung in einem rotierenden Gießstrom erfolgt, wird der Impfeffekt verbessert und es ist eine wirtschaftlichere und bessere Ausnützung des Impfmetalles möglich.According to a further embodiment, the pouring device according to the invention has an addition chamber for inoculants. Accordingly, vaccination with inoculation metals, for example magnesium or silicon, can take place during the casting. Since the vaccination is carried out in a rotating pouring stream, the vaccination effect is improved and the vaccine metal can be used more economically and better.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Zugabekammer diametral gegenüber dem Austrittsquerschnitt als Tasche bzw. Öffnung zur Aufnahme bzw. zum Einspeisen des Impfmittels angeordnet. Wahlweise kann das Impfmetall in diese Tasche bzw. Kammer vor Gießbeginn eingelegt oder über die Öffnung kontinuierlich in Form eines Drahtes oder eines Granulates zugeführt werden. Die Zuführung des Impfmetalles in den rotierenden Metallstrom ergibt ein besseres Untermischen des Impfmetalles und damit eine höhere Wirksamkeit. Dadurch daß die Impfmittel am tiefsten Punkt des Einlaufsystems zugegeben werden, also im Bereich höchsten ferrostatischen Druckes, ist gewährleistet, daß die Abbrandverluste des Impfmetalls so gering wie möglich sind.The addition chamber is advantageously arranged diametrically opposite the outlet cross section as a pocket or opening for receiving or feeding in the inoculant. Optionally, the inoculation metal can be placed in this pocket or chamber before the start of watering or can be fed continuously in the form of a wire or granules through the opening. The supply of the seed metal in the rotating metal stream results in a better mixing of the seed metal and thus a higher effectiveness. The fact that the inoculants are added at the lowest point of the enema system, that is in the area of the highest ferrostatic pressure, ensures that the burn-off losses of the inoculation metal are as low as possible.
Die Erfindung sieht auch vor, den Austrittsquerschnitt mit einer Metallplatte zu verschließen, die nach Füllung der Eingießvorrichtung mit Metallschmelze aufschmilzt.The invention also provides for the outlet cross section to be closed with a metal plate which melts after the pouring device has been filled with molten metal.
Die Vermeidung von Luftzutritt wird optimiert, wenn die Eingießvorrichtung über eine Nut-Feder-Verbindung direkt an das Gießsystem der Form angeflascht wird. Hierdurch entfällt der sonst notwendige Eingießtrichter, über den Luftsauerstoff in die flüssige Schmelze eingesaugt wird.The avoidance of air access is optimized if the pouring device is flanged directly to the casting system of the mold via a tongue and groove connection. This eliminates the otherwise necessary pouring funnel, through which atmospheric oxygen is sucked into the liquid melt.
In dieser wiederverwendbaren Kompakteinheit werden die Vorteile der an sich bekannten Drehmassel und des Gießtümpels vereint und auf engstem Raum für das Abscheiden nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse optimale hydraulische Strömungsverhältnisse geschaffen. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Gießen von Metallschmelzen, bei dem die rotierende Metallschmelze mit einem inerten Gas gespült wird und bzw. oder gegebenenfalls ein Impfmittel zugefügt wird.This reusable compact unit combines the advantages of the well-known rotating puddle and the pouring basin and creates optimal hydraulic flow conditions in a confined space for separating non-metallic inclusions. The invention further relates to a method for casting molten metal, in which the rotating molten metal is flushed with an inert gas and / or, if appropriate, a vaccine is added.
Es kann auch bereits vor Gießbeginn ein inertes Gas in die Gießform eingespeist werden, so daß der Sauerstoffpartialdruck der Gießraumatmosphäre entscheidend gesenkt wird. Während des Gießens kann zusätzlich mit inerten gasen, zum Beispiel Argon oder Stickstoff gespült werden. Damit wird die Abscheidungswirkung nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse entscheidend verbessert, weil durch die Spülwirkung im Rotationswirbel eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit geschaffen wird, daß mikro- und makroskopische nichtmetallische Einschlüsse durch Koagulation vergrößert werden und dann im Rotationswirbel abgeschieden werden können. Bei dem bekannten Wirbeltrichter gemäß der deutschen Patentschrift 21 59 964 können im wesentlichen nur makroskopische Einschlüsse abgeschieden werden.An inert gas can also be fed into the casting mold before the start of casting, so that the oxygen partial pressure of the casting chamber atmosphere is decisively reduced. During the casting process, inert gases, such as argon or nitrogen, can also be flushed. So the separation effect is not me metallic inclusions significantly improved because the flushing action in the rotating vortex creates an additional possibility that micro- and macroscopic non-metallic inclusions are enlarged by coagulation and can then be separated in the rotating vortex. In the known fluidized funnel according to German Patent 21 59 964, essentially only macroscopic inclusions can be separated.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Es zeigen :
Figur 1 eine Vorderansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Eingießvorrichtung mit einem teilweisen Schnitt,Figur 2 eine Ansicht der Vorrichtung von oben undFigur 3 eine Ausführungsvariante der Vorrichtung gemäßFigur 2.
- FIG. 1 shows a front view of a pouring device according to the invention with a partial section,
- Figure 2 is a view of the device from above and
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment variant of the device according to FIG. 2.
Gemäß Figur 1 besteht die als Kompakteinheit ausgebildete Eingießvorrichtung aus einem Einlaufteil 1, einer vorzugsweise im Querschnitt kreisrunden Rotationskammer 2 mit einem Boden 5 und aus einem Auslaufteil 4. Das Einlaufteil 1 mündet mit einer Eintrittsöffnung 7 in die Rotationskammer 2 und das Auslaufteil 4 ist über die Austrittsöffnung 6 mit der Rotationskammer 2 verbunden. Der obere Bereich des Einlaufteils 1 ist als Trichter 8 ausgestaltet und weist eine Einfüllöffnung 14 auf.According to FIG. 1, the pouring device designed as a compact unit consists of an
Über den Trichter 8 strömt die Metallschmelze in die Rotationskammer 2. Die Eintrittsöffnung 7 ist als senkrechter Schlitz ausgebildet. Diese schlitzförmige Ausbildung ist notwendig, damit der flüssige Metallstrom entsprechend Pfeil 11 (siehe Fig. 2) tangential in die Rotationskmmer 2 eintreten kann, um einen kräftigen Drehwirbel zu erzeugen. Die Austrittsöffnung 6 ist als waagerechter Schlitz radial zur Rotationskammer ausgebildet, so daß das rotierende flüssige Metall in radialer Richtung gemäß Pfeil 12 die Rotationskammer 2 verläßt.The molten metal flows into the
Der Auslaufteil 4 weist bis zur vorzugsweise nach unten gerichteten Auslauföffnung 15 ein Abfluß-Gefälle auf, so daß im Auslaufteil 4 kein flüssiges Metall zurückbleiben kann. Die als horizontaler Schlitz ausgebildete und radial angeordnete Austrittsöffnung 6 gewährleistet bei guten Strömungsverhältnissen eine platzsparende Bauweise und eine geringe Bodensumpfhöhe H. Damit im Einlaufstutzen keine Metalschmelze zurückbleibt, muß die unterste Kante der Eintrittsöffnung 7 auf gleicher Höhe oder höher als die unterste Kante der Austrittsöffnung 6 liegen.The
Das Verhältnis Breite zu Höhe bei der Eintrittsöffnung sollte im Bereich 1 : 1,5 bis 1 : 4, das bei der Austrittsöffnung sollte möglichst in einem Bereich von 1,5 : 1 bis 4 : 1 liegen.The ratio of width to height at the inlet opening should be in the range 1: 1.5 to 1: 4, that at the outlet opening should preferably be in a range from 1.5: 1 to 4: 1.
Die Rotationskammer 2 ist ausgehend vom Boden mindestens bis zu der Unterkante der Austrittsöffnung 6 konisch von unten nach oben erweiternd ausgebildet, wobei die Konizität mindestens 1 % beträgt.Starting from the bottom, the
Diese Höhe H des sogenannten Bodensumpfes beträgt 0 bis 50 % - vorzugsweise 5 bis 20 % - der Gesamthöhe der Rotationskammer 2. Der Übergang vom Boden 5 zur Umfangswand der Rotationskammer ist abgerundet. Durch diese konische Ausbildung der Rotationskammer kann die im Bodensumpf zurückbleibende Metallschmelze nach deren Erstarrung leicht durch die oben offene Rotationskammer entnommen werden, so daß eine Wiederverwendbarkeit der Kompakteinheit gewährleistet ist.This height H of the so-called bottom sump is 0 to 50% - preferably 5 to 20% - of the total height of the
Die Unterkante der Austrittsöffnung 6 kann auch eben mit dem Boden 5 angeordnet werden, so daß eine vollständige Entleerung der Rotationskammer stattfindet.The lower edge of the
Die Rotationskammer weist am Boden 5 einen gasdurchlässigen Bodenteil 9, wie z. B. einen keramischen Gasspülstein auf, welcher mit einem Rohr 10 eine Zuführvorrichtung für ein inertes Spülgas, wie z. B. Argon bildet. Die Zuführvorrichtung kann auch so angeordnet werden, daß das inerte Gas radial oder tangential in die Rotationskammer geleitet wird.The rotation chamber has at the bottom 5 a gas-permeable
Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, sind von oben gesehen die Rotationskammer 2, die Einfüllöffnung 14 und die Auslaßöffnung 15 zueinander dreiecksförmig angeordnet, wodurch die Kompakteinheit in gleicher Sicht gesehen materialsparend trapezförmig ausgebildet werden kann.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the
In Figur 2 ist außerdem die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Eingießvorrichtung nochmals verdeutlicht.The mode of operation of the pouring device according to the invention is further illustrated in FIG.
Die über den Trichter 8 in das Einlaufteil 1 eintretende Metallschmelze strömt durch die Eintrittsöffnung 7 in die Rotationskammer 2. Durch die Anordnung der Eintrittsöffnung 7 ist gewährleistet, daß die Metallschmelze in tangentialer Richtung gemäß Pfeil 11 in die Rotationskammer 2 eintritt. Hierdurch wird das flüssige Metall in kräftige Rotationsbewegung versetzt. Die in der Rotationskammer 2 rotierende Metallschmelze kann über eine Zugabekammer 3 mit lmpfmittel versetzt werden. Die Zugabekammer 3 ist vorzugsweise diametral gegenüber der Austrittsöffnung 6 angeordnet. Die Metallschmelze tritt durch die Austrittsöffnung 6 hindurch in radialer Richtung gemäß Pfeil 12 in das Auslaufteil 4 ein. Möglicherweise ist die Austrittsöffnung 6 mit einer Metallplatte verschlossen die nach Füllung der Eingießvorrichtung mit Metallschmelze schmilzt.The metal melt entering the
Figur 3 zeigt eine alternative Ausführung, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Austritt der Metallschmelze nicht radial sondern senkrecht nach unten erfolgt. Vorteilhafterweise wird dabei die Austrittsöffnung 13 exzentrisch am Boden 5 angeordnet.Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment, which is characterized in that the molten metal does not exit radially but vertically downwards. The outlet opening 13 is advantageously arranged eccentrically on the
Die erfindungsgemäße Eingießvorrichtung kann ohne Beeinträchtigung ihrer Funktionsfähigkeit mehrfach nacheinander benutzt werden.The pouring device according to the invention can be used several times in succession without impairing its functionality.
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT83111706T ATE27419T1 (en) | 1982-12-03 | 1983-11-23 | CASTING DEVICE FOR CASTING METAL METAL AND METAL CASTING METHOD. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3244824A DE3244824C2 (en) | 1982-12-03 | 1982-12-03 | Pouring device for pouring molten metal and method for pouring the same |
DE3244824 | 1982-12-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0111213A2 EP0111213A2 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
EP0111213A3 EP0111213A3 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
EP0111213B1 true EP0111213B1 (en) | 1987-05-27 |
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EP83111706A Expired EP0111213B1 (en) | 1982-12-03 | 1983-11-23 | Apparatus and method for pouring molten metal |
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US (1) | US4741463A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0111213B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE27419T1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3244824C2 (en) | 1985-10-24 |
DE3244824A1 (en) | 1984-06-14 |
US4741463A (en) | 1988-05-03 |
ATE27419T1 (en) | 1987-06-15 |
DE3371752D1 (en) | 1987-07-02 |
EP0111213A2 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
EP0111213A3 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
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