EP0133565B1 - Composite section - Google Patents

Composite section Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0133565B1
EP0133565B1 EP84109301A EP84109301A EP0133565B1 EP 0133565 B1 EP0133565 B1 EP 0133565B1 EP 84109301 A EP84109301 A EP 84109301A EP 84109301 A EP84109301 A EP 84109301A EP 0133565 B1 EP0133565 B1 EP 0133565B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
concrete
composite profile
flat
profile according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84109301A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0133565A2 (en
EP0133565A3 (en
Inventor
Jean-Baptiste Schleich
Erwin Lahoda
Jean-Paul Lickes
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Arcelor Luxembourg SA
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Arbed SA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT84109301T priority Critical patent/ATE38071T1/en
Publication of EP0133565A2 publication Critical patent/EP0133565A2/en
Publication of EP0133565A3 publication Critical patent/EP0133565A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0133565B1 publication Critical patent/EP0133565B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to composite profiles, in particular supports, formed from concrete and at least one steel profile, the open chambers being largely filled with concrete and the outer surfaces of the flanges being exposed. H. are not covered with concrete.
  • Such composite profiles are used in the construction of houses, halls, warehouses, etc. if fire resistance is to be achieved.
  • DE-OS 2 829 864 describes a composite profile, which on the flange outer sides, i. H. has no concrete outside the profile outline.
  • the chamber concrete is non-positively connected to the inside of the steel profile by welded compound in order to avoid detachment of the chamber concrete both at room temperature and at fire temperature.
  • Steel profile cross-section, concrete cross-section and reinforcement steel cross-section contribute proportionately according to their surface area and their temperature-dependent strength. In the event of a fire, the temperature rises and the load is continuously shifted from the steel section to the reinforced concrete section, primarily due to the softening of the flanges, which make up the majority of the steel section.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a composite profile of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and is characterized by increased load-bearing capacity and fire resistance with approximately the same external dimensions.
  • this composite profile should be characterized by a targeted height-dependent load capacity.
  • the composite profiles according to the invention which are constructed either from common hot-rolled profiles or from welded special profiles and from flat iron, have large masses of steel in the fire-protected area.
  • the flat bars which can be stored easily and in a space-saving manner, are either connected to the profiles at the factory or on site.
  • the load-bearing capacity of the profiles which can have minimal dimensions for the respective application, is specifically increased by means of the flat iron, while at the same time the load-bearing capacity is increased proportionally in the event of a fire.
  • FIG. 1 you can see an H-profile 1 whose chambers are filled with concrete 6.
  • Flat bars 2 are welded onto both sides of the web.
  • the welded joint 5 can be made continuously or by spot welding.
  • Structural steel mats 3 provided with longitudinal reinforcement bars 4 are welded to the side of the flat bars 2. These prevent the concrete from flaking off due to heat.
  • the flat bars can have a thickness between 10 and 80 mm. In order to allow problem-free welding, the width of the flat iron is approximately 10 cm less than the web height. If the available flat bars are shorter than the profiles, several pieces are butted together.
  • the flat bars should advantageously cover about 70% of the area of a web side.
  • two flat bars arranged in parallel can be welded to the web of the profile.
  • the two flat bars can be arranged continuously, symmetrically or eccentrically.
  • the flat iron 22 can extend over the entire height of the profile 1, while the flat iron 22a only extends to the level of a change in load, which is caused, for example, by ceilings can be.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further possibility for fastening the structural steel mats 33 provided with longitudinal reinforcement bars 34 on the flat bars 32.
  • the headed pin dowels 38 are connected to the flat bars by means of electrical spot welding and the mats are suspended in the dowels. The concrete then poured into the profile chamber causes the mats to be attached to the flat iron using the dowels.
  • the composite profile shown in FIG. 4 comprises a plurality of flat iron 42 arranged one above the other on both sides of the web, which means. Screw pins 48 and nuts 49 are attached to the web of the profile 1.
  • the number of flat iron 42 used can be selected depending on the required load and fire resistance.
  • the structural steel mats or reinforcement baskets 43 provided with longitudinal reinforcement bars 44 are connected to the profile, similarly as set out above for the dowel fastening, by means of screw nuts or related elements 49a screwed onto the screw pin ends.
  • this embodiment leads to a composite profile which has different, for example height-dependent, properties with identical external dimensions. This profile is also ideally suited for construction on site.
  • both the profile 1 and the flat iron 42 are advantageous to provide both the profile 1 and the flat iron 42 with the required perforations in the factory.
  • the profile is placed on the floor in such a way that both flanges lie on it.
  • the structural steel mat 43 is then inserted and the elements 49a are turned onto the screw pin ends; the concrete is poured into the open chamber, formwork preventing it from running out at both open ends.
  • the concrete is advantageously vibrated. After the concrete has solidified, the composite profile is turned over and the same process steps are repeated. If you want to reduce the amount of reinforcing steel or avoid it altogether, it is recommended to use colloidal concrete or fiber-reinforced concrete instead of normal concrete.
  • Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a profile on the web flat iron 52 are fastened by means of screws 58 and nuts 59.
  • Raw screws as well as fitting screws or high-strength screws can be used as screws.
  • the preparation of the friction surface can be carried out using shot blasted steel, sand or flame.
  • the friction coefficients of the contact surfaces can also be increased by non-slip coatings or corrugation.

Abstract

A composite structural element comprises a steel structural shape whose web is provided with one or more steel plates secured thereto by welding or bolting and embedded in the concrete filling the channels between its flanges. The concrete may also include a reinforcement secured to the plate. With a relatively simple structure the system has increased load-carrying capacity even under fire conditions.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Verbundprofile, insbesondere Stützen, gebildet aus Beton und wenigstens einem Stahlprofil, wobei die offenen Kammern grösstenteils mit Beton ausgefüllt sind und die Aussenflächen der Flansche freiliegen d. h. nicht mit Beton bedeckt sind. Derartige Verbundprofile finden beim Bau von Häusern, Hallen, Lagern, usw. Verwendung, wenn ein Brandwiderstand erzielt werden soll.The invention relates to composite profiles, in particular supports, formed from concrete and at least one steel profile, the open chambers being largely filled with concrete and the outer surfaces of the flanges being exposed. H. are not covered with concrete. Such composite profiles are used in the construction of houses, halls, warehouses, etc. if fire resistance is to be achieved.

Früher war es üblich, die Querschnitte der Profile eines Stahlskeletts nach den statischen Lasten bei Raumtemperatur zu bemessen und die stets bei Geschossbauten erforderlichen Brandschutzanforderungen durch nachträgliche kostspielige Ummantelung der Profile zu erfüllen. Neuerdings geht man dazu über, feuerbeständige Verbundprofile zu verwenden, welche nicht umkleidet sein müssen. So beschreibt die DE-OS 2 829 864 ein Verbundprofil, welches auf den Flanschaussenseiten, d. h. ausserhalb der Profilumrisslinien keinen Beton aufweist. Der Kammerbeton wird durch auf die Innenseiten des Stahlprofils aufgeschweisste Verbundmittel kraftschlüssig mit diesem verbunden, um sowohl bei Raumtemperatur als auch bei Brandtemperatur ein Loslösen des Kammerbetons zu vermeiden. Stahlprofilquerschnitt, Betonquerschnitt und Bewehrungsstahlquerschnitt tragen entsprechend ihrer Flächenanteile und ihrer temperaturabhängigen Festigkeiten anteilig mit. Im Brandfall erfolgt mit dem Temperaturanstieg eine fortwährende Lastumlagerung vom Stahlprofilquerschnitt auf den Stahlbetonquerschnitt vor allem bedingt durch die Entfestigung der Flansche, die den grössten Teil des Stahlprofils ausmachen.In the past it was common to measure the cross-sections of the profiles of a steel skeleton according to the static loads at room temperature and to meet the fire protection requirements that are always required in multi-storey buildings by subsequently covering the profiles in a costly manner. Recently, there has been a move to use fire-resistant composite profiles, which do not have to be clad. For example, DE-OS 2 829 864 describes a composite profile, which on the flange outer sides, i. H. has no concrete outside the profile outline. The chamber concrete is non-positively connected to the inside of the steel profile by welded compound in order to avoid detachment of the chamber concrete both at room temperature and at fire temperature. Steel profile cross-section, concrete cross-section and reinforcement steel cross-section contribute proportionately according to their surface area and their temperature-dependent strength. In the event of a fire, the temperature rises and the load is continuously shifted from the steel section to the reinforced concrete section, primarily due to the softening of the flanges, which make up the majority of the steel section.

Da die Bewehrung im Beton nicht optimal angeordnet ist, was die im Brandfall im Profil entstehende Temperaturverteilung anbelangt, hat die Anmelderin in der LU 84 772 (nicht vorveröffentlicht) vorgeschlagen in dem Beton wenigstens ein weiteres Profil anzuordnen, das mit dem Steg des Haupt-Profils verbunden ist, dessen Flanschenaussenseiten nicht mit einer Betonüberdeckung versehen sind. Da ein Teil der Profile aus denen dieses Verbundprofil besteht in thermisch geschützten Zonen angebracht ist, ist eine hohe Tragfähigkeit unter Brandbeanspruchung gewährleistet. Als Nachteil kann hier angegeben werden, dass dieses Verbundprofil von relativ aufwendiger Konstruktion und grossen Aussenabmessungen ist.Since the reinforcement in the concrete is not optimally arranged with regard to the temperature distribution that arises in the profile in the event of a fire, the applicant in LU 84 772 (not previously published) proposed to arrange at least one further profile in the concrete, that with the web of the main profile is connected, the outer flanges of which are not provided with a concrete cover. Since some of the profiles that make up this composite profile are installed in thermally protected zones, a high load-bearing capacity is guaranteed under fire. As a disadvantage, it can be stated here that this composite profile has a relatively complex construction and large external dimensions.

Weiterhin ist aus der US-A-3 050 161 bekannt, Flacheisen an die Flanschenenden eines Profils mit H-förmigem Querschnitt zu schweissen. In der US-A- 915 295 sind allseitig von Beton ummantelte Träger beschrieben, wobei Feuerbeständigkeit durch vom Steg beabstandete, in plastischem Material eingebettete Platten erwirkt wird.Furthermore, it is known from US-A-3 050 161 to weld flat bars to the flange ends of a profile with an H-shaped cross section. In US-A-915 295, concrete-encased beams are described on all sides, fire resistance being achieved by plates spaced from the web and embedded in plastic material.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verbundprofil der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das die oben erwähnten Nachteile vermeidet und bei annähernd gleichen Aussenabmessungen sich durch eine erhöhte Lastaufnahmefähigkeit und Feuerfestigkeit auszeichnet. Ausserdem soll dieses Verbundprofil sich durch eine gezielte höhenabhängige Traglastfähigkeit auszeichnen können. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnete Erfindung gelöst.The invention has for its object to provide a composite profile of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and is characterized by increased load-bearing capacity and fire resistance with approximately the same external dimensions. In addition, this composite profile should be characterized by a targeted height-dependent load capacity. This object is achieved by the invention characterized in the claims.

Die erfindungsgemässen Verbundprofile, die entweder aus gängigen warmgewalzten Profilen oder aus geschweissten Sonder-Profilen und aus Flacheisen aufgebaut sind, weisen grosse Stahlmassen im feuergeschützten Bereich auf. Die Flacheisen, die einfach und raumsparend gelagert werden können, werden entweder werksseitig, oder auch auf der Baustelle mit den Profilen verbunden. Die Tragfähigkeit der Profile, welche für den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck minimale Abmessungen besitzen können, wird mittels der Flacheisen gezielt erhöht, wobei gleichzeitig die Traglast im Brandfall etwa proportional gesteigert wird.The composite profiles according to the invention, which are constructed either from common hot-rolled profiles or from welded special profiles and from flat iron, have large masses of steel in the fire-protected area. The flat bars, which can be stored easily and in a space-saving manner, are either connected to the profiles at the factory or on site. The load-bearing capacity of the profiles, which can have minimal dimensions for the respective application, is specifically increased by means of the flat iron, while at the same time the load-bearing capacity is increased proportionally in the event of a fire.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • - die Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemässes Verbundprofil.
  • - die Figur 2 eine Vorderansicht von einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ohne Bewehrung und ohne Beton.
  • - die Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch ein Flacheisen mit Bewehrung.
  • - die Figuren 4 und 5 einen Quer-, resp. einen Längs-Schnitt durch zwei weitere Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemässen Profils.
Some embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it :
  • - Figure 1 shows a cross section through an inventive composite profile.
  • - Figure 2 is a front view of another embodiment of the invention without reinforcement and without concrete.
  • - Figure 3 shows a section through a flat iron with reinforcement.
  • - Figures 4 and 5 a transverse, respectively. a longitudinal section through two further embodiments of the profile according to the invention.

Auf Fig. 1 erkennt man ein H-Profil 1 dessen Kammern mit Beton 6 ausgefüllt sind. Auf beiden Seiten des Steges sind Flacheisen 2 angeschweisst. Die Schweissverbindung 5 kann durchgehend oder aber durch Punktschweissen ausgeführt sein. Seitlich an die Flacheisen 2 sind mit Längsbewehrungs-Stäben 4 versehene Baustahlmatten 3 angeschweisst. Diese verhindern ein durch Hitze hervorgerufenes Abplatzen des Be- ton.In Fig. 1 you can see an H-profile 1 whose chambers are filled with concrete 6. Flat bars 2 are welded onto both sides of the web. The welded joint 5 can be made continuously or by spot welding. Structural steel mats 3 provided with longitudinal reinforcement bars 4 are welded to the side of the flat bars 2. These prevent the concrete from flaking off due to heat.

Die Flacheisen können Dicken zwischen 10 und 80 mm aufweisen. Um ein problemloses Schweissen zu erlauben, beträgt die Breite des Flacheisens etwa 10 cm weniger als die Steghöhe. Falls die verfügbaren Flacheisen kürzer sind als die Profile, werden mehrere Stücke aneinandergestossen. Vorteilhafterweise sollten die Flacheisen etwa 70 % der Fläche einer Stegseite bedecken.The flat bars can have a thickness between 10 and 80 mm. In order to allow problem-free welding, the width of the flat iron is approximately 10 cm less than the web height. If the available flat bars are shorter than the profiles, several pieces are butted together. The flat bars should advantageously cover about 70% of the area of a web side.

Statt ein Flacheisen mittig am Steg zu befestigen, kann man in einer vorteilhaften Variante zwei parallel angeordnete Flacheisen mit dem Steg des Profils verschweissen. Die beiden Flacheisen können durchgehend, symmetrisch oder exzentrisch angeordnet sein. Auch kann bei exzentrischer Lastverteilung, wie auf Fig. 2 dargestellt, das Flacheisen 22 sich auf der ganzen Höhe des Profils 1 erstrecken, während das Flacheisen 22a lediglich bis zur Höhe einer Laständerung reicht, welche bspw. durch Decken hervorgerufen werden kann.Instead of attaching a flat bar in the middle of the web, in an advantageous variant two flat bars arranged in parallel can be welded to the web of the profile. The two flat bars can be arranged continuously, symmetrically or eccentrically. Also, in the case of eccentric load distribution, as shown in FIG. 2, the flat iron 22 can extend over the entire height of the profile 1, while the flat iron 22a only extends to the level of a change in load, which is caused, for example, by ceilings can be.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Befestigung der mit Längsbewehrungsstäben 34 versehenen Baustahlmatten 33 auf den Flacheisen 32. Die Kopfbolzen-Dübel 38 werden mittels elektrischem Punkt-Schweissen mit den Flacheisen verbunden und die Matten werden in die Dübel eingehängt. Der anschliessend in die Profilkammer gegossene Beton bewirkt die Befestigung der Matten, über die Dübel, an die Flacheisen.3 shows a further possibility for fastening the structural steel mats 33 provided with longitudinal reinforcement bars 34 on the flat bars 32. The headed pin dowels 38 are connected to the flat bars by means of electrical spot welding and the mats are suspended in the dowels. The concrete then poured into the profile chamber causes the mats to be attached to the flat iron using the dowels.

Das auf Fig. 4 dargestellte Verbundprofil umfasst beidseitig vom Steg mehrere übereinandergeordnete Flacheisen 42, welche mittels. Schraubenstiften 48 und Schraubenmuttern 49 am Steg des Profils 1 befestigt sind. Die Anzahl der verwendeten Flacheisen 42 kann in Abhängigkeit der erforderlichen Trag- und Feuerfestigkeit gewählt werden. Die mit Längsbewehrungsstäben 44 versehenen Baustahlmatten oder Bewehrungskörbe 43 werden, ähnlich wie oben bei der Dübelbefestigung dargelegt, mittels auf den SchraubenstiftEnden aufgedrehten Schraubenmuttern, oder verwandten Elementen 49a, mit dem Profil verbunden. Anhand einfacher Massnahmen führt diese Ausführungsform zu einem Verbundprofil, das bei identischen Aussenabmessungen verschiedene, bspw. höhenabhängige, Eigenschaften besitzt. Dieses Profil eignet sich im übrigen hervorragend zur baustellenseitigen Herstellung. Um einen schnellen Montageablauf zu erwirken ist es von Vorteil, sowohl das Profil 1 als auch die Flacheisen 42 werksseitig mit den benötigten Lochungen zu versehen. Nach dem Zusammenbau des Profils 1 und der Flacheisen 42 wird das Profil derart auf den Boden gelegt, dass beide Flansche aufliegen. Anschliessend wird die Baustahlmatte 43 eingelegt und die Elemente 49a werden auf die Schraubenstiftenden gedreht ; der Beton wird in die offene Kammer hineingegossen, wobei ein Herauslaufen an beiden offenen Enden mittels Schalung verhindert wird. Um die Bildung von betonfreien Räumen zu vermeiden, wird der Beton vorteilhafterweise vibriert..Nach Verfestigung des Betons wird das Verbundprofil umgedreht und es werden die gleichen Verfahrensschritte wiederholt. Will man die Einsatzmenge von Bewehrungsstahl vermindern oder ganz vermeiden, empfiehlt es sich statt normalem Beton, Kolloid-Beton oder faserbewehrten Beton zu verwenden.The composite profile shown in FIG. 4 comprises a plurality of flat iron 42 arranged one above the other on both sides of the web, which means. Screw pins 48 and nuts 49 are attached to the web of the profile 1. The number of flat iron 42 used can be selected depending on the required load and fire resistance. The structural steel mats or reinforcement baskets 43 provided with longitudinal reinforcement bars 44 are connected to the profile, similarly as set out above for the dowel fastening, by means of screw nuts or related elements 49a screwed onto the screw pin ends. On the basis of simple measures, this embodiment leads to a composite profile which has different, for example height-dependent, properties with identical external dimensions. This profile is also ideally suited for construction on site. In order to achieve a quick assembly process, it is advantageous to provide both the profile 1 and the flat iron 42 with the required perforations in the factory. After assembly of the profile 1 and the flat iron 42, the profile is placed on the floor in such a way that both flanges lie on it. The structural steel mat 43 is then inserted and the elements 49a are turned onto the screw pin ends; the concrete is poured into the open chamber, formwork preventing it from running out at both open ends. In order to avoid the formation of concrete-free rooms, the concrete is advantageously vibrated. After the concrete has solidified, the composite profile is turned over and the same process steps are repeated. If you want to reduce the amount of reinforcing steel or avoid it altogether, it is recommended to use colloidal concrete or fiber-reinforced concrete instead of normal concrete.

Fig. 5 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein Profil an dessen Steg Flacheisen 52 mittels Schrauben 58 und Schraubenmuttern 59 befestigt sind. Als Schrauben können sowohl rohe Schrauben als auch Pass-Schrauben oder hochfeste Schrauben verwendet werden. Zwecks Erhöhung der auf die Reibflächen entfallenden Kräfte wurden diese einer Oberflächenbehandlung unterworfen. Die Reibflächenvorbereitung kann mittels Stahlgusskiess-, Sand- oder Flamm-Strahlen vorgenommen werden. Daneben kann man die Reibbeiwerte der Berührungsflächen auch durch gleitfeste Anstriche oder Riffelung erhöhen.Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a profile on the web flat iron 52 are fastened by means of screws 58 and nuts 59. Raw screws as well as fitting screws or high-strength screws can be used as screws. In order to increase the forces acting on the friction surfaces, these were subjected to a surface treatment. The preparation of the friction surface can be carried out using shot blasted steel, sand or flame. In addition, the friction coefficients of the contact surfaces can also be increased by non-slip coatings or corrugation.

Claims (10)

1. A composite profile, more particularly for supports, formed from a steel profile (1) comprising two flanges which are connected by means of a web, the open profile chambers being filled with reinforced concrete (6) and the outer surfaces of the flanges being exposed, characterised in that at least one oblong flat iron (2, 22, 22a, 32, 42, 52), which is parallel to the web, is arranged in the concrete, which flat iron covers the web and is connected therewith, the width of the flat iron being smaller than the height of the web.
2. A composite profile according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one flat iron (2) is arranged centrally and continuously on both sides of the web.
3. A composite profile according to claim 1, characterised in that at least two flat irons (22, 22a) are arranged adjacent one another on their longitudinal sides on at least one side of the web.
4. A composite profile according one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the different flat irons have the same dimensions.
5. A composite profile according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the flat irons are connected throughout or by spot welding (5) with the profile.
6. A composite profile according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the flat irons (42, 52) are connected with the profile (1) by means of screws (48, 58) which are guided through the web, and nuts (49, 59) which are screwed onto the screws.
7. A composite profile according to claim 6, characterised in that the friction areas of the web or the flat irons at least partially comprise a surface which increases the friction coefficient.
8. A composite profile according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the flat irons cover approximately 70 % of a web side.
9. A composite profile according to claim 1, characterised in that the reinforced chamber concrete (6) is connected with the flat irons by means of dowels (38) or by a screw coupling (48, 49, 58, 59).
10. A composite profile according to claim 1, characterised in that the concrete is not reinforced with reinforcing steel, but is formed from fibre-reinforced concrete, and said concrete is connected with the flat irons by means of dowels or screw couplings.
EP84109301A 1983-08-12 1984-08-06 Composite section Expired EP0133565B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84109301T ATE38071T1 (en) 1983-08-12 1984-08-06 COMPOSITE PROFILES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU84966A LU84966A1 (en) 1983-08-12 1983-08-12 COMPOSITE PROFILES
LU84966 1983-08-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0133565A2 EP0133565A2 (en) 1985-02-27
EP0133565A3 EP0133565A3 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0133565B1 true EP0133565B1 (en) 1988-10-19

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EP84109301A Expired EP0133565B1 (en) 1983-08-12 1984-08-06 Composite section

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US (1) US4616464A (en)
EP (1) EP0133565B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE38071T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1236703A (en)
DE (1) DE3474703D1 (en)
LU (1) LU84966A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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DE3474703D1 (en) 1988-11-24
US4616464A (en) 1986-10-14
LU84966A1 (en) 1985-04-24
ATE38071T1 (en) 1988-11-15
CA1236703A (en) 1988-05-17
EP0133565A2 (en) 1985-02-27
EP0133565A3 (en) 1985-08-21

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