EP0151952A1 - Insulated piston for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Insulated piston for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0151952A1
EP0151952A1 EP85100435A EP85100435A EP0151952A1 EP 0151952 A1 EP0151952 A1 EP 0151952A1 EP 85100435 A EP85100435 A EP 85100435A EP 85100435 A EP85100435 A EP 85100435A EP 0151952 A1 EP0151952 A1 EP 0151952A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
combustion chamber
ceramic material
metal
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85100435A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0151952B1 (en
Inventor
Hans. Dr.-Ing. Zeilinger
Edwin. Dipl.-Ing. Erben
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MT Aerospace AG
Original Assignee
MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
MAN Technologie AG
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Publication of EP0151952A1 publication Critical patent/EP0151952A1/en
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Publication of EP0151952B1 publication Critical patent/EP0151952B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F02F3/12—Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49249—Piston making
    • Y10T29/49256—Piston making with assembly or composite article making
    • Y10T29/49258—Piston making with assembly or composite article making with thermal barrier or heat flow provision

Definitions

  • Ceramic materials are now known which would be outstandingly suitable as thermal insulators of piston crowns with a thermal conductivity ⁇ of ⁇ 2 to 3 W / m ° K, but those piston crowns or piston chamber cavities insulated with ceramic have hitherto remained unknown. The reason for this can be seen in the difficulties associated with the application of ceramic material to the metallic piston. So far it was not possible to create a connection between ceramic parts and the piston material, e.g. B. the preferred silumin (Al-Gußle Alloy with 10 to 25% Si), which has the mechanical strength required under the temperatures or temperature differences prevailing in the internal combustion engine.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a piston for internal combustion engines, the bottom or the combustion chamber bowl of which is provided with a firmly adhering, heat-insulating coating made of ceramic material.
  • a ceramic body can be connected to the usual metallic piston materials perfectly and with great strength if the ceramic body has a surface of metallic or metal-ceramic material on the side to be connected to the piston material.
  • the object outlined above is achieved by creating a piston for internal combustion engines, which is characterized in that the Kolberdoden or its combustion chamber trough is provided with a heat-insulating coating, which on its side facing the combustion chamber consists entirely of ceramic material and on its side facing the piston crown or its combustion chamber trough has a metallic or metal-ceramic material fused to the piston metal, the side of the coating facing the piston crown or its combustion chamber trough having a connection firmly bolted to the piston metal
  • the ceramic material of the covering preferably has a conductivity value ⁇ of ⁇ 2 to 3 W / m ° K in order to achieve particularly effective thermal insulation.
  • the metallic component of the metal-ceramic material of the heat-insulating covering consists of or preferably contains iron or iron alloys, while cast aluminum alloys can advantageously be used as the piston material.
  • the silunin mentioned above can be used, but other Al casting alloys can also be used.
  • such other Al casting alloys are eutectic Al-Si alloys with 11 to 13 Si and minor additions of Cu, Ni and Mg; hypereutectic Al-Si alloys with about 17 to 25% Si and minor additions of Cu, Ni and Mg; and aluminum-copper alloys Al Cu 4 with Ni and Mg additives.
  • This pouring takes place in such a way that the pressing body is inserted into the piston mold and poured in with the piston material.
  • a "surface-shaped body” is to be understood here as a structure whose length and width dimensions are many times larger than its depth measurement, so that the structure is comparable to the shape of a mat or a carpet, for example - in the preferred use of iron or iron alloys as a metal or metal-ceramic component of the hot-isostatically pressed laminated body and an Al casting alloy as piston material then formed during pouring of the molten Kolbenme t alls to the pressing body, the Al-Fin process analog (US Patent 2,455,457) , intermetallic Fe-Al compounds, which ensure a particularly strong mechanical connection between the piston metal and the heat-insulating coating. "also under Ver Using other piston metals and metal-ceramic materials, bond strengths between the piston and the ceramic covering can be achieved, which are in any case superior to the bond strengths achieved so far.
  • the hot isostatic pressing of the porous laminate generally takes place at temperatures of about 1000 to 1450, preferably from about 1200 to 1350 and in particular at 1300 ° C.
  • the pressures to be used are usually in the range from about 1000 to 1500, preferably in the range from about 1200 to 1300, bar.
  • a combustion bowl insert made of Zr0 2 was provided with a suitable mandrel on the inside. Then carbonyl iron powder was applied on the outside using a molybdenum capsule. The sample thus prepared and encapsulated was then placed in a hot isostatic press. The HIPEN itself was carried out at temperatures between 1200 and 1300 ° C, at pressures between 1000 and 1500 bar, the pressing time was 1-2 hours. The composite combustion chamber bowl produced in this way was poured into silumin and showed very good adhesive strength, this connection strength corresponding to the strength of the piston material.
  • a pre-shaped combustion bowl insert made of ZrO 2 was provided with a suitable mandrel on the inside. On the outside, a mixture of carbonyl iron powder and Zr0 2 powder, with a carbonyl iron powder content of 10 - 90%, was applied using a molybdenum capsule. After insertion in the
  • Example 1 The hot isostatic press was pressed as in Example 1. This composite combustion bowl was also cast in silumin and showed very good connection strength, which is equivalent to the strength of the piston material.

Abstract

Kolben für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen der auf dem Kolbenboden bzw, in dessen Brennraummulde einen wärmeisolierenden Belagtraigt welcher auf seiner dem Verbrennungsraum zugewandten Seite vollständig aus keramischem Material besteht und auf seiner dem Kolbenboden bzw. dessen Brennraummulde zugewandten Seite einen mit dem Kolbenmetall verschmolzenen, metallischen bzw. metallkeramischen Stoff aufweist.Piston for internal combustion engines which on the piston crown or in the combustion chamber cavity has a heat-insulating coating which, on its side facing the combustion chamber, consists entirely of ceramic material and on its side facing the piston crown or its combustion chamber cavity has a metallic or metal-ceramic material fused to the piston metal .

Description

Die weltweit gestiegenen Kosten der Kraftstoffe für Verbrennungsmotoren haben zu intensiven Bemühungen der Kraftstoffersparnis geführt. Eine der Möglichkeiten von Brennstoffeinsparungen besteht in der thermischen Isolierung des Verbrennungsraumes, d. h. der Zylinderwandungen, des Zylinderkopfes, insbesondere aber des Kolbenbodens, über den ein wesentlicher Teil der Wärme abfließt.The worldwide increase in the cost of fuels for internal combustion engines has led to intensive efforts to save fuel. One of the ways to save fuel is to thermally isolate the combustion chamber, i.e. H. the cylinder walls, the cylinder head, but in particular the piston crown, through which a substantial part of the heat flows away.

Nun sind zwar keramische Stoffe bekannt, welche mit Wärmeleitfähigkeitsuerter λ von <2 bis 3 W/m °K als thermische Isolatoren von Kolbenböden hervorragend geeignet wären, doch sind solche mit Keramik isolierten Kolbenböden bzw. Kolbenbrennraummulden bisher unbekannt geblieben. Der Grund hierfür ist in den Schwierigkeiten zu sehen, welche mit dem Aufbringen keramischen Materials auf den metallischen Kolben verbunden sind. So war es bisher ni:ht möglich, eine Verbindung zwischen Keramikteilen und dem Kolbenwerkstoff, z. B. dem hierfür bevorzugten Silumin (Al-Gußlegierung mit 10 bis 25% Si), herzustellen welche die unter den im Verbrennungsmotor herrschenden Temperaturen bzw. Temperaturunterschieden erforderliche mechanische Festigkeit besitzt.Ceramic materials are now known which would be outstandingly suitable as thermal insulators of piston crowns with a thermal conductivity λ of <2 to 3 W / m ° K, but those piston crowns or piston chamber cavities insulated with ceramic have hitherto remained unknown. The reason for this can be seen in the difficulties associated with the application of ceramic material to the metallic piston. So far it was not possible to create a connection between ceramic parts and the piston material, e.g. B. the preferred silumin (Al-Gußle Alloy with 10 to 25% Si), which has the mechanical strength required under the temperatures or temperature differences prevailing in the internal combustion engine.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren zu schaffen, dessen Boden bzw. dessen Brennraummulde mit einem festhaftenden wärmeisolierenden Belag aus keramischen Material versehen ist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a piston for internal combustion engines, the bottom or the combustion chamber bowl of which is provided with a firmly adhering, heat-insulating coating made of ceramic material.

Nunmehr wurde überraschenderweise gefunden, daß sich ein keramischer Körper mit den üblichen metallischen kolbenwerkstoffen einwandfrei und mit großer Festigkeit verbinden läßt, wenn der keramische Körper auf der mit den Kolbenwerkstoff zu verbindenden Seite eine Oberfläche aus metallischem bzw. metallkeramischen Material aufweist. Durch Aufgießen geschmolzenen Kolbenmetalls auf eine solche Oberfläche läßt sich eine bisher nicht gekannte B ndefestigkeit zwischen wärmeisolierendem keramischem Materia und Kolbenwerkstoff erreichen.It has now surprisingly been found that a ceramic body can be connected to the usual metallic piston materials perfectly and with great strength if the ceramic body has a surface of metallic or metal-ceramic material on the side to be connected to the piston material. By pouring molten piston metal onto such a surface, a previously unknown bond strength between heat-insulating ceramic material and piston material can be achieved.

Somit wird die oben umrissene Aufgabe gelöst durcen die Schaffung eines Kolbens für Verbrennungskraftmasch nen, welcher dadurch gekennzeichnet.ist, daß der Kolberdoden bzw. dessen Brennraummulde mit einem wärmeisoliererden Belag versehen ist, welcher auf seiner dem Verbrenrungsraum zugewandten Seite vollständig aus keramischen Material besteht und auf seiner dem Kolbenboden bzw. dessen.Brennraummulde zugewandten Seite einen mit den Kolbenmetall verschmolzenen, metallischen bzw. metallkeramischei Stoff aufweist, wobei die dem Kolbenboden bzw. dessen Brennraummulde zugewandte Seite des Belages eine mit der Kolbenmetall fest verschnolzene Verbindung aufweisThus, the object outlined above is achieved by creating a piston for internal combustion engines, which is characterized in that the Kolberdoden or its combustion chamber trough is provided with a heat-insulating coating, which on its side facing the combustion chamber consists entirely of ceramic material and on its side facing the piston crown or its combustion chamber trough has a metallic or metal-ceramic material fused to the piston metal, the side of the coating facing the piston crown or its combustion chamber trough having a connection firmly bolted to the piston metal

Vorzugsweise besitzt das keramische Material des Belages einen Leitfähigkeitswert λ von <2 bis 3 W/m °K, um eine besonders wirksame Wärmedämmung zu erzielen. Bevorzugt verwendbare keramische Stoffe sind ZrSiO4, Aluminiumtitanat, Siliciumnitrid, das unter der Bezeichnung "Mullit" bekannte synthetische Al-Si-Mischoxyd der Formel 3Al2O3.2SiO2, sowie ein teilmodifiziertes Zr02, welches als "PSZ" (=partial stabilized zirconoxide) bekannt ist und Ca0 und/oder MgO als Stabilisatoren aufweist.The ceramic material of the covering preferably has a conductivity value λ of <2 to 3 W / m ° K in order to achieve particularly effective thermal insulation. Ceramic materials that can be used with preference are ZrSiO 4 , aluminum titanate, silicon nitride, the synthetic Al-Si mixed oxide of the formula 3Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 known under the name "Mullite", and a partially modified Zr0 2 , which is called "PSZ" (= partial stabilized zirconium oxide) is known and has Ca0 and / or MgO as stabilizers.

Die metallische Komponente des metallkeramischen Stoffes des wärmeisolierenden Belages besteht aus bzw. enthält vorzugsweise Eisen oder Eisenlegierungen, während als Kolbenwerkstoff Al-Gußlegierungen mit Vorteil anwendbar sind. Als solche kommen das bereits oben erwähnte Silunin in Frage, aber es können auch andere Al-Gußlegierungen verwendet werden. Beispiele solcher anderer Al - Gußlegierungen sind eutektische Al-Si-Legierungen mit 11 bis 13 Si und kleineren Zusätzen von Cu, Ni und Mg; übereutektische Al-Si-Legierungen mit etwa 17 bis 25% Si und kleineren Zusätzen von Cu, Ni und Mg; und Aluminium-Kupferlegierungen Al Cu 4 mit Ni- und Mg-Zusätzen.The metallic component of the metal-ceramic material of the heat-insulating covering consists of or preferably contains iron or iron alloys, while cast aluminum alloys can advantageously be used as the piston material. As such, the silunin mentioned above can be used, but other Al casting alloys can also be used. Examples of such other Al casting alloys are eutectic Al-Si alloys with 11 to 13 Si and minor additions of Cu, Ni and Mg; hypereutectic Al-Si alloys with about 17 to 25% Si and minor additions of Cu, Ni and Mg; and aluminum-copper alloys Al Cu 4 with Ni and Mg additives.

Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben mit wärmeisolierendem Belag des Kolbenbodens bzw. seiner Brennraummulde kann hergestellt werden, indem man

  • a) einen als wärmeisolierenden Belag vorgesehenen, flächenhaft ausgebildeten Körper, welcher
    • i) in seiner äu3eren Gestalt der Form des Kolbenbodens bzw. seiner Brennraummulde angeglichen ist,
    • ii) auf seiner dem Verbrennungsraun der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zugewandten Seite aus einer oder mehreren Schichten vollständig keramischen Materials besteht und
    • iii) auf seiner dem Kolbenboden bzw. dessen Brennraummulde zugewandten Seite eine oder mehrere Schichten metallischer bzw. metallkeramischer Stoffe trägt,

    heißisostatisch verpreßt und dann
  • b) das geschmolzene Kolbenmetall auf den erhaltenen Preßkörper aufgießt.
The piston according to the invention with a heat-insulating coating on the piston crown or its combustion chamber bowl can be produced by:
  • a) a surface-shaped body provided as a heat-insulating covering, which
    • i) its outer shape is adapted to the shape of the piston crown or its combustion chamber bowl,
    • ii) on its side facing the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine consists of one or more layers of completely ceramic material and
    • iii) carries one or more layers of metallic or metal-ceramic materials on its side facing the piston crown or its combustion chamber trough,

    hot isostatically pressed and then
  • b) pouring the molten piston metal onto the obtained compact.

Dieses Aufgießen erfolgt in der Weise, daß man den Preßkörper in die Kolbenform einsetzt und mit dem Kolbennaterial eingie3t.This pouring takes place in such a way that the pressing body is inserted into the piston mold and poured in with the piston material.

Unter einen "flächenhaft ausgebildeten Körper" ist hier ein Gebilde zu verstehen, dessen Längen- und Breitenabmessungen um ein Vielfaches größer sind als seine Tiefenabnessung, so daß das Gebilde etwa mit der Form einer Matte oder eines Teppichs vergleichbar ist.-Bei der bevorzugten Verwendung von Eisen bzw. Eisenlegierungen als metallische bzw. metallkeramische Komponente des heißisostatisch verpreßten Schichtkörpers und einer Al-Gußlegierung als Kolbenwerkstoff bilden sich dann beim Aufgießen des geschmolzenen Kolbenmetalls auf den Preßkörper, analog dem Al-Fin-Verfahren (USA-Patentschrift 2 455 457), intermetallische Fe-Al-Verbindungen, welche eine besonders feste mechanische Verbindung zwischen Kolbenmetall und wärmeisolierendem belag gewährleisten. "ber auch unter Verwendung anderer Kolbenmetalle und metallkeramischer Stoffe lassen sich Bindefestigkeiten zwischen Kolben und keramischem Belag erzielen, welche den bisher erzielten Bindefestigkeiten in jedem Falle überlegen sind.A "surface-shaped body" is to be understood here as a structure whose length and width dimensions are many times larger than its depth measurement, so that the structure is comparable to the shape of a mat or a carpet, for example - in the preferred use of iron or iron alloys as a metal or metal-ceramic component of the hot-isostatically pressed laminated body and an Al casting alloy as piston material then formed during pouring of the molten Kolbenme t alls to the pressing body, the Al-Fin process analog (US Patent 2,455,457) , intermetallic Fe-Al compounds, which ensure a particularly strong mechanical connection between the piston metal and the heat-insulating coating. "also under Ver Using other piston metals and metal-ceramic materials, bond strengths between the piston and the ceramic covering can be achieved, which are in any case superior to the bond strengths achieved so far.

Das heißisostatische Verpressen des porösen Schichtkörpers erfolgt im allgemeinen bei Temperaturen von etwa 1000 bis 1450, vorzugsweise von etwa 1200 bis 1350 und insbesondere bei 1300 °C. Die dabei anzuwendenden Drücke liegen gewöhnlich im Bereich von etwa 1000 bis 1500, vorzugsweise in Bereich von etwa 1200 bis 1300 bar.The hot isostatic pressing of the porous laminate generally takes place at temperatures of about 1000 to 1450, preferably from about 1200 to 1350 and in particular at 1300 ° C. The pressures to be used are usually in the range from about 1000 to 1500, preferably in the range from about 1200 to 1300, bar.

Die Erfindung sei nunmehr durch die nachfolgenden Beispiele näher erläutert:The invention will now be explained in more detail by the following examples:

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Ein Brennraummuldeneinsatz aus Zr02 wurde innseitig mit einem passenden Dorn versehen. Danach wurde außenseitig mittels einer Molybdänkapsel Carbonyleisenpulver aufgebracht. Die so präparierte und gekapselte Probe wurde dann in eine heißisostatische Presse eingesetzt. Das HIPEN selbst erfolgte bei Temperaturen zwischen 1200 und 1300 °C, bei Drücken zwischen 1000 und 1500 bar, die Preßzeit betrug 1 - 2 Stunden. Die so hergestellte Verbundbrennraummulde wurde in Silumin eingegossen und zeigte sehr gute Haftfestigkeit, wobei diese Verbindungsfestigkeit der Festigkeit des Kolbenwerkstoffes entspricht.A combustion bowl insert made of Zr0 2 was provided with a suitable mandrel on the inside. Then carbonyl iron powder was applied on the outside using a molybdenum capsule. The sample thus prepared and encapsulated was then placed in a hot isostatic press. The HIPEN itself was carried out at temperatures between 1200 and 1300 ° C, at pressures between 1000 and 1500 bar, the pressing time was 1-2 hours. The composite combustion chamber bowl produced in this way was poured into silumin and showed very good adhesive strength, this connection strength corresponding to the strength of the piston material.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Ein vorgeformter Brennraummuldeneinsatz aus ZrO2 wurde innseitig mit einem passenden Dorn versehen. Außenseitig wurde mittels einer Molybdänkapsel ein Gemisch aus Carbonyleisenpulver und Zr02-Pulver, bei einen Carbonyleisenpulvergehalt von 10 - 90%, aufgebracht. Nach Einsetzen in dieA pre-shaped combustion bowl insert made of ZrO 2 was provided with a suitable mandrel on the inside. On the outside, a mixture of carbonyl iron powder and Zr0 2 powder, with a carbonyl iron powder content of 10 - 90%, was applied using a molybdenum capsule. After insertion in the

heißisostatische Presse erfolgte das Pressen wie in Beispiel 1. Auch diese Verbundbrennraummulde wurde in Silumin eingegossen und zeigte sehr gute Verbindfestigkeit, die der Festigkeit des Kolbenwerkstoffes gleichkommt.The hot isostatic press was pressed as in Example 1. This composite combustion bowl was also cast in silumin and showed very good connection strength, which is equivalent to the strength of the piston material.

Claims (8)

1. Wärmedämmender Kolben für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kolbenboden bzw. dessen Brennraummulde mit einem wärmeisolierenden Belag versehen ist, welcher auf seiner dem Verbrennungsraum zugewandten Seite vollständig aus keramischem Material besteht und auf seiner dem Kolbenboden bzw. dessen Brennraummulde zugewandten Seite einen mit dem Kolbenmetall verschmolzenen, metallischen bzw. metallkeramischen Stoff aufweist.1. Heat-insulating piston for internal combustion engines, characterized in that the piston head or its combustion chamber trough is provided with a heat-insulating coating, which on its side facing the combustion chamber consists entirely of ceramic material and on its side facing the piston head or its combustion chamber trough one with the Piston metal fused, metallic or metal-ceramic material. 2. Kolben nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das keramische Material des Belages einen Wärmeteitfähigkeitswert λ von < 2 bis 3 W/m°K besitzt.2. Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic material of the covering has a thermal conductivity value λ of <2 to 3 W / m ° K. 3. Kolben nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das keramische Material PSZ, Mullit, ZrSiO4, Aluminiumtitanat oder Siliziumnitrid ist.3. Piston according to claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic material is PSZ, mullite, ZrSiO 4 , aluminum titanate or silicon nitride. 4. Kolben nach einen der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die metallische Komponente des metallkeramischen Stoffs des Belages aus Eisen besteht bzw. Eisen enthält.4. Piston according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the metallic component of the metal-ceramic material of the covering consists of iron or contains iron. 5. Kolben nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kolbenwerkstoff eine Al-Gußlegierung oder Grauguß (unlegiert bzw. legiert) ist.5. Piston according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston material is an Al cast alloy or gray cast iron (unalloyed or alloyed). 6. Kolben nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Al-Gußlegierung Silumin, Al Si 12 Cu Mg Ni, Al Si 18 Cu Mg Ni , Al Si 25 Cu Mg Ni oder Al Cu 4 Ni Mg ist.6. Piston according to claim 5, characterized in that the Al casting alloy is silumin, Al Si 12 Cu Mg Ni, Al Si 18 Cu Mg Ni, Al Si 25 Cu Mg Ni or Al Cu 4 Ni Mg. 7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wärmedämmenden Kolbens für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man a) einen als wärmeisolierenden Belag vorgesehenen flächenhaft ausgebildeten Körper, welcher i) in seiner äußeren Gestalt der Form des Kolbenbodens bzw. seiner Brennraummulde angeglichen ist, ii) auf seiner dem Verbrennungsraum der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zugewandten Seite aus einer oder mehreren Schichten vollständig keramischen Materials besteht und iii) auf seiner dem Kolbenboden bzw. dessen Brennraummulde zugewandten Seite eine oder mehrere Schichten metallischer bzw. metallkeramischer Stoffe trägt,
heißisostatisch verpreßt und dann b) das geschmolzene Kolbenmetall auf den erhaltenen Preßkörper aufgießt. 7. A method for producing a heat-insulating piston for internal combustion engines according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that one a) provided as a heat-insulating surface formed body, which i) its outer shape is adapted to the shape of the piston crown or its combustion chamber bowl, ii) consists of one or more layers of completely ceramic material on its side facing the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and iii) carries one or more layers of metallic or metal-ceramic materials on its side facing the piston crown or its combustion chamber trough,
hot isostatically pressed and then b) pouring the molten piston metal onto the obtained compact. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das heißisostatische Pressen bei einem Druck von etwa 1000bis 1500 bar, vorzugsweise etwa 1200 bis 1300 bar, und bei einer Temperatur von etwa 1000 bis 1450 °C, vorzugsweise etwa 1200 bis 1350 °C durchführt.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the hot isostatic pressing at a pressure of about 1000 to 1500 bar, preferably about 1200 to 1300 bar, and at a temperature of about 1000 to 1450 ° C, preferably about 1200 to 1350 ° C carries out.
EP85100435A 1984-02-07 1985-01-17 Insulated piston for internal combustion engines Expired EP0151952B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19843404121 DE3404121A1 (en) 1984-02-07 1984-02-07 HEAT-INSULATING PISTON FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
DE3404121 1984-02-07

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EP0151952A1 true EP0151952A1 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0151952B1 EP0151952B1 (en) 1989-03-29

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EP85100435A Expired EP0151952B1 (en) 1984-02-07 1985-01-17 Insulated piston for internal combustion engines

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EP3608532A1 (en) * 2014-01-24 2020-02-12 Volkswagen AG Piston for an engine

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US5282411A (en) * 1989-08-10 1994-02-01 Isuzu Motors Limited Heat-insulating piston with middle section of less dense but same material
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013155131A3 (en) * 2012-04-12 2014-01-16 Rel, Inc. Thermal isolation for casting articles
US10179364B2 (en) 2012-04-12 2019-01-15 Rel, Inc. Thermal isolation for casting articles
US10434568B2 (en) 2012-04-12 2019-10-08 Loukus Technologies, Inc. Thermal isolation spray for casting articles
EP3608532A1 (en) * 2014-01-24 2020-02-12 Volkswagen AG Piston for an engine

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DE3404121A1 (en) 1985-08-08
EP0151952B1 (en) 1989-03-29
DE3569144D1 (en) 1989-05-03
JPS60187740A (en) 1985-09-25
US4651630A (en) 1987-03-24

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