EP0223897A1 - Fastening device for rails - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A fastening device for rails, particularly for crane constructions or the like with a clamping plate (14) comprising a clamping portion (15) adapted to downwardly abut on the rail base and an abutment portion (19) laterally abutting on the rail base and a circular bore (21) in which an eccentric disc (23, 23') comprising an engaging surface (25, 26) for a tool is arranged, the eccentric disc comprising an eccentric bore for a screwbolt (27) to secure the clamping plate at a sole plate (17) and with a clamping disc (29) comprising a bore for a screwbolt (27) the clamping disc being adapted to be pressed against the upper side of the clamping plate (14) by the screwbolt (27), the clamping plate being defined such that it is displaceable with regard to the screwbolt (27) on the sole plate (17), characterized in that the clamping plate (14) comprises an approximately S-shaped contour in lateral view, the abument portion (19) comprises a single flat underside and the circular bore (21) in the abutement portion extends up to the underside.

Description

The invention relates to a fastening device for running rails, in particular for crane systems or the like, with a clamping plate which has a clamping section which can be placed against the rail foot from above and a bearing section which lies against the side of the rail foot and which also has an opening for the passage of a screw bolt has for fastening the clamping plate to a substrate, and at least one hole for a washer having the screw bolt, which can be pressed by the screw bolt against the top of the clamping plate, the clamping plate being designed such that it can be displaced relative to the screw bolt on the substrate.

Running tracks for rail vehicles or handling and conveying devices, such as for crane systems, are subject to constant wear and tear during operation. They are therefore usually releasably attached to their documents, for example sleepers or beams or beams made of concrete or steel, so that they can be replaced. With tracks for rail vehicles or similar devices, a distinction is made between a continuous and a discontinuous rail support. In the so-called railway superstructure, the rails are fastened to sleepers made of wood, steel or concrete. Such a fastening system is also used in a slightly modified form for fastening crane rails. However, the type of attachment only allows discontinuous, i.e. a punctiform support of the rails. The rails are pressed onto the support plates with screwed clamps and held against lateral displacement by lugs, which are formed in one piece with the support plates. The support plates are screwed to the sleepers or the mobile beams. In the case of road beams made of reinforced concrete, the support plates are poured under with a suitable mortar for height compensation and then screwed together. However, such a rail fastening has some disadvantages.

With large vertical and horizontal wheel pressures, discontinuous mounting of the rail requires a rail with a high web and wide base with sufficient bending and torsional rigidity with the appropriate weight. Discontinuous rail storage also requires articulated storage, since otherwise a high edge pressure on the support plates will lead to premature destruction of the grout. An articulated mounting can be achieved by a spherical design, the support plates or by appropriately shaped, elastic underlays. However, an articulated rail bearing is relatively complex.

A firm clamping of the rails on the screwed-on support plates prevents any longitudinal movement of the rail. However, longitudinal movements occur during operation, for example due to temperature expansion and braking. The anchor bolts of the support plates are stressed accordingly and the screw encapsulation is subjected to high loads. This results in frequent damage to the encapsulation, but also to the support plates and rail breaks. After the support plates and their substructure have been finally screwed on, it is no longer possible to move the rail sideways to regulate the track.

In a fastening system of the type mentioned at the outset, some of the disadvantages described above are avoided.

In particular, it permits discontinuous and also continuous rail support with rigid or elastic rail support and, after the support plates or support lamellae have been fastened, enables the rails to be laterally displaced to regulate the track. In one embodiment of the known rail fastening, a one-piece clamping plate is provided which is S-shaped in cross section and which, with its clamping section, engages over the top of the rail foot. The section of the clamping plate resting on a support lies against the foot side with a contact section and thereby secures the rail against lateral displacement. An elongated hole is formed on the clamping plate at an angle to the rail extension, through which the fastening bolt extends. When the bolt is loosened, the clamping plate can be moved relative to the bolt, as a result of which the clamping plate is moved forward or backward relative to the rail foot.

In another embodiment, two plates are provided, one of which overlaps the rail head and the other rests on the ground and lies against the side of the rail foot. The plates have interacting sloping surfaces. Furthermore, the plate lying on the surface has an elongated hole, so that again when the clamping screw is loosened, a relative displacement of the _A plant section can be made with respect to the rail foot.

In both known devices, a continuous lateral shift can be carried out. The disadvantage, however, is the relatively complicated shape of the clamping plate parts, which causes a not inconsiderable manufacturing outlay. Furthermore, the known system is susceptible to corrosion in outdoor systems and in an aggressive climate, since its shape allows water and dirt to accumulate.

The invention has for its object to provide a fastening device for rails, in particular for crane systems or the like, which can be produced without great effort and is less susceptible to corrosion in use and which allows easy track adjustment.

This object is achieved in that an eccentric disk is arranged in a circular bore of the clamping plate, which has a bore for the screw bolt and the eccentric disk has contact surfaces for a tool.

In the fastening device according to the invention, the eccentric disk surrounds the screw bolt, the eccentric disk is in turn surrounded by a bore wall of the clamping plate. If the eccentric disc is rotated around the axis of the screw bolt, it thus moves the clamping plate on the base in the direction of the rail foot or away from it.

The use of an eccentric in a clamping plate has several advantages. The rail fastening according to the invention enables continuous or discontinuous rail mounting on an elastic or rigid base. The rail does not need to be pressed onto its base, but can be held elastically against lifting off. It can therefore expand as desired in the longitudinal direction without stressing the clamping plate and its anchoring. The horizontal forces across the rail are transmitted directly to the clamping plate via contact. The horizontal forces are guided into the support plate or support plate via the friction and shear stress of the pre-tensioned clamping screw. Rolling tolerances of the rail foot are always compensated for by a tight fit of the clamping plate on the rail foot. In addition, tracking tolerances can be compensated for. If the eccentric discs are designed accordingly, a track adjustment of - 10 mm and more can be carried out.

The shape of the clamping plate and eccentric disc is so simple that they can be manufactured relatively cheaply. Gray cast iron, malleable cast iron or cast steel can be used as the material. The parts can also be drop-forged. Depending on the application, the suitable material and the type of manufacture can be selected. The simple and smooth design of both parts largely prevent corrosion and dirt deposits.

In the fastening device according to the invention, the eccentric disc is self-locking due to the relatively long contact surface of the clamping plate on the rail foot. The torque generated when the eccentric is in the middle is compensated for by a pair of reaction forces on the rail foot, the force of which is always lower than the horizontal force that generates this moment. As a result, the eccentric disc cannot be adjusted due to horizontal forces even when the clamping screw is loosened. In addition, there are frictional forces between the eccentric disc and the clamping plate, which contribute to securing the fastening.

Standard screws can be used as clamping screws. Special screws are usually not required. When using thin, high-strength clamping screws, greater lateral displacement is achieved with the same diameter of the eccentric disc. Becomes a If a M20 screw is replaced by a high-strength M16 screw, the lateral displacement increases by 2 mm. A certain type of clamping plate can therefore accommodate different eccentrics that are adapted to the respective requirements.

By defining a basic thickness of the eccentric disc and the use of different lining plates under the. Eccentric disc can be adapted to the thickness of the clamping plates, suitable for a clamping screw diameter, without any special effort being required for this. The thickness of the clamping plate itself depends on the foot thickness of the rail and the thickness of the rail base.

By appropriate design of the eccentric disc or by attaching markings, its position can be easily recognized. A desired displacement of the clamping plate can therefore be achieved by a specific rotation of the eccentric disc.

Finally, it should be mentioned that the fastening device according to the invention can also be used in connection with monorail systems.

The eccentric disc can sit in the bore of the clamping plate without interacting with it in terms of clamping force. With the help of an appropriate clamping disc, the clamping plate is then pressed against the substrate. An embodiment of the invention provides that the eccentric disc has a flange which can be placed against an upper surface of the clamping plate.

If the eccentric disc is of the same thickness below its flange as the clamping plate, the two act together in terms of clamping force and the horizontal forces are derived from the friction of the eccentric disc and the clamping plate on the surface as well as from shear stress on the clamping screw.

If the eccentric disc is slightly thinner than the clamping plate, the clamping force of the clamping screw, which is preloaded according to plan, is only fed into the clamping plate via the flange. In this case, the horizontal forces are derived from the friction of the clamping plate on the surface and from shear stress on the clamping screw.

If the eccentric disc is slightly thicker than the clamping plate below its flange, the clamping force of the clamping screw only acts on the eccentric disc and the horizontal forces are caused by their friction on the surface and derived the shear stress of the screw.

All three modes of action are possible. The derivation of the horizontal forces is always equally good. The clamping screw acts as a non-slip preloaded fitting screw and can be regarded as a non-slip preloaded fitting connection (GVP connection) or as a shear-hole reveal and fitting connection (SLP connection) in the sense of the relevant standards, since the shaft of the clamping screw is always on due to the eccentric effect the bore is in the eccentric disc.

Means must be provided on the eccentric disk in order to rotate it with the aid of a tool. When using a flange, an embodiment of the innovation provides that lateral engagement surfaces for a screwing tool are provided on the flange. These can be formed, for example, by two diametrically opposite recesses in the flange, through which two parallel engagement surfaces are defined. They are also possible as a hexagon, suitable for wrenches.

As already mentioned, a discontinuous rail mounting requires an articulated mounting of the running rail, which in static terms can be referred to as a continuous beam, since otherwise high edge pressures lead to premature destruction of the grouting mortar. It is known to provide an articulated mounting by crowned formation of the supports to reach plates. Such support plates are normally screwed to the sleepers or road beams. In the case of pavement beams made of reinforced concrete, the support plates are leveled with a suitable, largely non-shrinking mortar and then screwed together to compensate for the height. The other possibility is to provide a spherical elastic underlay between the rail foot and the support plate.

A firm clamping of the rails on screwed spherical support plates largely hinders any longitudinal movement of the rail. Longitudinal movements can occur during braking and thermal expansion. Since the friction between the support plate and grout is often not sufficient to dissipate the horizontal forces, these forces are also guided into the track beams by the anchor bolts. These are subjected to bending and stress the grouting mortar that is not reinforced. Frequent damage to the potting, but also to the support plates and even rail breaks are the result. Moreover, after the support plates have been finally screwed to the substructure, subsequent lateral displacement of the rail to regulate the track or even a change in the support height is not possible.

When using elastic spherical underlays, a horizontal adjustment option with discontinuous support is possible. However, a subsequent height control cannot be achieved. Elastic underlays under the rail, however, require a material that is sufficiently resistant to aging and resistant to UV radiation, oils, salts and all weather influences. Such plastic materials are relatively expensive.

The invention eliminates this disadvantage and sees a solution to this problem in that the base is formed by a bearing plate made of iron, which has approaches at opposite ends with holes for the clamping screws.

Such a rail support consists of a few relatively simple and inexpensive parts. It is designed in such a way that the vertical loads to be derived and the longitudinal and transverse horizontal loads are only conducted into the ground via the grout and not additionally via the anchor bolts. However, this presupposes that the anchor bolts are preloaded according to plan.

The clamping plates also enable a subsequent stepless regulation, especially if after one a further embodiment of the invention, the bores in the bearing plate accommodate the eccentric disk approximately appropriately. The materials used in the rail support according to the invention are not susceptible to corrosion and are subject to virtually no aging.

The bearing plate according to the invention, preferably made of cast steel, has a curvature whose radius depends on the maximum wheel load and the materials of the linearly contacting components: rail and bearing plate. The radius can be calculated according to the formulas of Hertz and the corresponding circumstances, taking into account the permissible compressive stress. The bearing plate is designed so that the curvature is approximately as wide as the rail foot. The preferably flat approaches for supporting the clamping plates are located on both sides of the curvature. If the holes in the lugs are suitable for receiving the eccentric discs, the bearing plate can also be moved laterally together with the clamping plates when the eccentric discs rotate. Since the rail base to be held laterally by the clamping plates as well as the curved bearing plate, the eccentric, the clamping screw and the bores can have tolerances, a bore is designed as an elongated hole according to a further embodiment of the invention. This ensures that the clamping plates can always lie on the side of the rail, regardless of the tolerances.

The largest of the possible displacements can be determined by appropriately selected eccentric and clamping screw diameters.

By varying the thickness of the bearing plate, height tolerances can be compensated to a certain extent.

The bearing plate can be curved in different ways. In one embodiment of the invention, it rises above the lateral flat surfaces of the lugs. In another alternative, the top edge of the curvature is on the same level as the side lugs. Which alternative is carried out depends on the selected manufacturing method and the material. The width of the curvature depends on the width of the rail foot, taking into account the tolerances. If the curvature is raised, its width must be slightly smaller than the minimum rail foot width. In the other alternative, it must be slightly larger than the maximum rail foot width.

Larger height tolerances can, according to a further embodiment of the invention, between the bearing plate and the support plate arranged lining plates of appropriate thickness are compensated, which have holes at the ends for the clamping screws. The lining plates can be connected to the support plates against lateral displacement by means of weld seams to be dimensioned accordingly.

It goes without saying that the bearing plate according to the invention can also be used for discontinuously mounted running rails with rail clamps which do not allow lateral displacement. In this case, the opposite approaches of the bearing plate have simple holes for the clamping screws.

• Fig. 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Schienenbefestigung nach der Erfindung.
• Fig. 2 zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Schienenbefestigung der Fig. 1 entlang der Linie 2-2.
• Fig. 3 zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Befestigung nach Fig. 1 entlang der Linie 3-3.
• Fig. 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Schienenbefestigung nach der Erfindung.
• Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Darstellung nach Fig. 4 entlang der Linie 5-5.
• Fig. 6 zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Darstellung nach Fig. 4 entlang der Linie 6-6.
• Fig. 7 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Lagerplatte einer Schienenbefestigung nach den Figuren 4 bis 6.
• Fig. 8 zeigt ein Futterblech für eine Schienenbefestigung nach den Figuren 4 bis 6.
• Fig. 9 zeigt eine Seitenansicht der Lagerplatte nach Fig. 7.
• Fig. 10 zeigt eine Seitenansicht einer abgewandelten Lagerplatte.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

• Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a rail fastening according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 shows a section through the rail fastening of Fig. 1 along the line 2-2.
• Fig. 3 shows a section through the attachment of FIG. 1 along the line 3-3.
• Fig. 4 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a rail fastening according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 shows a section through the representation according to FIG. 4 along the line 5-5.
• FIG. 6 shows a section through the representation according to FIG. 4 along the line 6-6.
• 7 shows a top view of a bearing plate of a rail fastening according to FIGS. 4 to 6.
• 8 shows a lining sheet for a rail fastening according to FIGS. 4 to 6.
• FIG. 9 shows a side view of the bearing plate according to FIG. 7.
• 10 shows a side view of a modified bearing plate.

Before going into the details shown in the drawings, it should be noted that each of the features described is important in itself or in conjunction with features of the claims.

1 and 2 show a running rail 10 with head 11, web 12 and foot 13. In FIG. 2, head 11 is not shown. The rail 10 has a conventional profile.

In the figures, a clamping plate 14 can also be seen, which has an approximately S-shaped contour in the illustration according to FIG. 2, and therefore in a side view. The clamping plate 14 has a clamping section 15 which partially overlaps the foot 13. An elastic element 16 is arranged between the clamping section 15 and the upper side of the foot 13. The clamping plate 14 rests with a flat underside on a support plate 17 made of steel for the rail 10, an elastic intermediate layer 18 being arranged between the rail foot 13 and the support plate 17. Below the clamping section 15 there is a contact section 19 which bears with a contact surface 20 against the facing side of the rail foot 13.

In the section resting on the support plate 17, the clamping plate has a bore 21 which is circular in cross section. It approximately fits the eccentric section 22 of an eccentric disk 23. The eccentric disk 23 has an upper flange section 24 of partially larger diameter than the eccentric section 22. The flange section 24 is recessed on opposite sides at 25 or 26, which results in parallel tool engagement surfaces. A screw bolt 27, the head 28 of which rests against the underside of the bearing plate 17, extends with its shaft through a hole in the plate 17, a hole in the eccentric disk 23 and through a washer 29 through the clamping plate 14 upwards. With the help of a nut 30, the eccentric washer 23 is pressed against the clamping plate 14 via the washer 29, as a result of which this is pressed against the plate 17. As can be seen, the clamping plate is provided with an arcuate contour on the side opposite the rail foot 13, as can be seen at 31 in FIG. 1. The clamping section 15 of the clamping plate 14 merges with the roof section via a roof-shaped bevel 32 into the contact section. This roof-shaped bevel 32 is circular, as can be seen at 33 in FIGS. 1 and 3. One half of the flange 24 of the eccentric disc 13 is received in the recess 33. As can be seen, the rail 10 is essentially only secured against vertical forces by the clamping section 15 of the clamping plate 14. Lateral displacement is prevented by the contact section 19 of the clamping plate 14. When changing the position of the rail base with a desired track adjustment or when adapting to corresponding rolling tolerances, the clamping plate 14 can be adjusted with the aid of the eccentric disc 13. For this purpose, the nut 30 is loosened. Subsequently, the eccentric disk is rotated by the desired amount with a tool that engages in the recesses 25, 26 until the contact surface 20 on the facing side of the rail foot 13 is properly seated. Appropriate markings on the eccentric disk 23 and the clamping plate can also be used to specify the adjustment path. So that the nut 30 does not have to be completely unscrewed, the distance between the engagement surfaces of the cutouts 25, 26 of the eccentric disk 23 is greater than the maximum diameter of the nut 30.

The bolt 27 can also be attached upside down, so that the washer 29 and the nut 30 are under the plate 17. Instead of the screw bolt 27 with the head 27, a welding bolt can be used, which is welded onto the plate 17. The washer 29 can by a spring washer or other locking device element to be replaced.

A seal can also be arranged between the flange 24 and the clamping plate 14 in order to protect the eccentric bearing against corrosion.

In the description of FIGS. 4 to 10, those parts which correspond to those in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 are given the same reference numerals.

The rectangular or square support plate 17 made of rolled steel or cast iron, the size and thickness of which is dimensioned according to the vertical and horizontal loads to be derived, is provided with holes for four anchor bolts 40. After grouting, these are pre-stressed with a non-shrinking mortar 42 for the transfer of horizontal loads. To derive particularly large horizontal forces along and across the rail 10, the support plate 17 can be provided on the underside with thrust knobs.

A lining plate 43, which is shown in plan view in FIG. 8, can be located above the support plate 17 for height compensation. A bearing plate 44 is arranged above the lining plate and below the rail foot. The bearing plate, the Is shown in plan view in Fig. 7, includes a central rectangular section 45, which is curved upward as shown in Fig. 9. Lugs 46, 47 are formed on both sides of the curved section 45, which are largely flat. Bores 48, 49 are formed in projections 46, 47, which receive the lower section of an eccentric disk 23 '. The eccentric 23 'differs from the eccentric 23 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the eccentric section 22' has a greater length. It extends through the bore 48 or 49 through to the lining plate 44. Otherwise, the fastening device, in particular the clamping plates 14 are attached and shaped in the same way as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3.

As can be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10, the curvature in the arched section 45 is above the plane according to the projections 46, 47. In the bearing plate 44 ', the arched section 45' is shaped such that the upper edge of the arch with the top of the projections 46 ', 47' coincides. The curvature of the bearing plate 44, 44 'is selected in the radius depending on the maximum wheel load and the materials of the linear contacting components, namely rail 10 and bearing plate 44. In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, which is also shown in FIGS 6 and 6, the curved section 45 is slightly less wide than the rail foot 13. This is necessary so that the clamping plates 14 can bear against the rail foot side. In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, on the other hand, the curved section 45 'must be somewhat wider than the rail foot 13. The one bore 49 in the extension 47 is otherwise designed as an elongated hole to tolerances of the rail foot, the curved bearing plate, the eccentric, the screw bolts and to compensate for the holes.

If the eccentrics 23 'are rotated, both the clamping plates 14 and the curved bearing plate 44 are laterally displaced. This enables stepless lateral alignment of the rail 10. The size of the possible displacement can be determined by appropriately selected eccentrics and clamping screw diameters. Different thicknesses of the curved bearing plate 44, 44 'can also compensate for skin tolerance. A further height compensation takes place with the aid of the chuck plate 43, the external dimensions of which are as large as can be seen from FIG. 4 that they can accommodate the possible displacements of the bearing plate 44, 44 '. The position of the lining plate 43 is fixed by the holes 50 for the screw bolts 27.

Claims (13)

1. Fastening device for running rails, in particular for crane systems or the like, with a clamping plate which has a clamping section which can be placed against the rail foot from above and a bearing section which lies against the side of the rail foot and which furthermore has an opening for the passage of a screw bolt for fastening the clamping plate on a base, and a disk hole for the screw bolt, which can be pressed by the screw bolt against the top of the clamping plate, the clamping plate being designed such that it can be displaced relative to the screw bolt on the surface, characterized in that in a circular hole (21) of the clamping plate (14) an eccentric disc (23) is arranged, which has an eccentric bore for the screw bolt (27) and the eccentric disc (23) has contact surfaces for a tool. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric disc (23) has a flange (24) which can be placed against an upper surface of the clamping plate (14). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that lateral engagement surfaces (25, 26) for a screwing tool are provided on the flange (24). 4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the clamping plate (14) has an approximately semicircular recess (33) for the flange (24) of the eccentric disc (23). 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the side of the clamping plate (14) facing away from the contact section (19) has an arcuate outer contour (31). 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a seal is arranged above the eccentric disc. 7. The device according to claim 2 and 6, characterized in that the seal between the flange (24) and the clamping plate (14) is arranged. 8. The device in which the running rails are mounted discontinuously and the clamping plate is arranged on a bearing plate for the running rail, the bearing plate on the base, preferably with With the help of a non-shrinking mortar, and in which a base with a spherical top is arranged between the running rail and the support plate, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the base is formed by a support plate (44, 44 ') made of iron and has projections (46, 47, 46 ', 47') at the opposite end with bores (48, 49) for the clamping screws (27). 9. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that the bores (48, 49) in the bearing plate (44) receive the eccentric disc (23 ') approximately matching. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that a bore (49) is designed as an elongated hole. 11. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the curved section (45) is raised. 12. The device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the upper edge of the curvature (45 ') lies on the same plane with the top of the side lugs (46', 47 '). 13. Device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that between the bearing plate (44) and the support plate (17) a lining plate (43) is arranged which has holes (50) at the ends for the clamping screws (27) .

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