EP0229645A1 - Process for producing an antifalsification paper with an incorporated security element - Google Patents

Process for producing an antifalsification paper with an incorporated security element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229645A1
EP0229645A1 EP87100201A EP87100201A EP0229645A1 EP 0229645 A1 EP0229645 A1 EP 0229645A1 EP 87100201 A EP87100201 A EP 87100201A EP 87100201 A EP87100201 A EP 87100201A EP 0229645 A1 EP0229645 A1 EP 0229645A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
layers
areas
thread
layer
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EP87100201A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0229645B1 (en
Inventor
Walter Dr. Schneider
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GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
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GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
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Priority to AT87100201T priority Critical patent/ATE63584T1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/44—Watermarking devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/06—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the cylinder type
    • D21F11/08—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the cylinder type paper or board consisting of two or more layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a security paper with a security element embedded in the paper in the form of a thread, tape or the like.
  • Security papers such as those used for banknotes, securities, documents, ID cards, etc., usually have watermarks that prove the authenticity of the paper. These papers are produced on circular screen paper machines, it being known that elevations and / or water-impermeable areas on the screen surface bring about the reduction in fiber deposition necessary for the formation of the watermarks.
  • the finished paper sheet then has locally different paper thicknesses and in this way images or patterns can be introduced which show the effect of the contrast reversal typical of the watermark when viewed in reflected and transmitted light.
  • a security element in the form of a thread or tape etc. into the paper layer.
  • the thread is introduced into the paper pulp and brought up to the sieve in such a way that it lies there after the fiber deposition has started, that is to say a fiber layer has already formed but has not yet been completed, so that the thread is then complete in the finished sheet is included.
  • This storage process is generally known and z. B. in DE-OS 24 08 304 (Jung).
  • Threads z. B. a print sample or other visually verifiable features such. B. diffraction structures, dichroic materials, etc., can namely be easily checked in this way. It is known from GB-PS 1 552 853 to store such visually inspectable security threads in such a way that they lie locally freely on the paper surface. This can e.g. B. can be achieved by subsequent removal of the paper layer in certain areas of the security thread or by the above-described storage of the security thread in the watermark area, so that the thread is only covered by a thin and thus almost transparent paper layer.
  • the person skilled in the art can also take advantage of the critical parameters and the process parameters mentioned above for the insertion of a security thread such as the time of insertion of the thread, embossing structure on the sieve, etc. choose that the thread in the finished paper web is not only covered by a thin paper structure, but is completely exposed.
  • This method is e.g. B. in EP 59 056 (Portals) also described in more detail.
  • the thread is then, of course, introduced in accordance with this request in such a way that it comes to rest on the raised and / or water-impermeable areas of the sieve before a separation of fibers has taken place here.
  • the object of the invention is now to provide a method for producing security papers, the thread being able to be embedded without problems both in almost any layer depth in the paper and in the watermark area, and furthermore there being the possibility of also placing the thread at any point on the Expose the front and back of the paper so that it is accessible for visual inspection in reflected light.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that the thread insertion is decoupled from the fiber layer formation on the paper screen, so that the thread insertion cannot have a disruptive effect on the actual fiber layer formation (sheet formation).
  • One or both paper layers can now be produced very thin locally without any problems, with at least one of the paper layers in the thread area being locally reduced to a thickness of 30-0% with respect to the overall total thickness of both layers for good visual visibility of the thread.
  • watermark patterns can be made in one or both layers of paper.
  • B. in the form of several regularly repeating surface areas in z.
  • the thread that is embedded in these areas is then only overlaid on these surface areas by a thin layer of paper and is therefore clearly visible there.
  • the measures required for forming the watermark pattern on the screen can also be designed in extreme cases so that there is no fiber deposition there and holes are thus created in the fiber composite. This makes it possible to expose the thread in a targeted manner.
  • a security paper can be produced by coordinating the arrangement of the watermark patterns and synchronous running of the two paper screens, the thread e.g. B. alternately appears at regular intervals on the front or back of the finished sheet.
  • the device corresponds essentially to the commercially available paper machines, which has at least two separate wet sections.
  • the preferred embodiment shown here consists of a combination of two circular screen wet sections 1 and 2, a so-called double circular screen paper machine.
  • a first paper web 3 is scooped, which is then suspended under the take-off felt 4 over a distance of approximately 2 m to the second wet section 2.
  • a second paper web 5 is scooped. Both paper webs are combined at the location of the roll 6 and then run together to the further processing stations, in which the paper is pressed and dried (not shown in the figures).
  • a security thread 7 is introduced between these webs, which is unrolled from a supply roll 8 and guided to the unification point via a guide roll 9. This process is shown in an enlarged section in FIG.
  • the security thread can be guided in such a way that, as shown in FIG. 2, it is gripped by both layers of paper simultaneously. It can also be placed on the second paper layer 5 after it has left the pulp. When the layers of paper are combined, the thread is then enclosed between the layers of paper.
  • two circular screening plants are used for the production of the two paper layers.
  • the use of circular sieves is preferred because it can produce very high-contrast and good watermarks.
  • Security threads are often used to increase the security against counterfeiting.
  • B. have a lettering or contain other visually verifiable optical features. Such features are e.g. B. Diffraction grating.
  • the method according to the invention now allows threads of this type to be embedded without problems near the surface of the security paper.
  • different thicknesses are selected for the paper layers produced on both paper machines, preferably in a thickness ratio of 1: 4.
  • a paper layer 3 is produced in the first paper machine, the thickness of which will be reduced to approx. 80 pm after Gautschen and drying. While the thinner paper layer 5 is produced in the second paper machine, which will reduce to 20 pm after the further processing operations.
  • the security thread 7 embedded between these paper layers is thus only 20 pm from one side of the finished paper covered with a thick layer of paper, making it easy to check visually.
  • the thread can be placed very close to the surface of the paper, which is always very difficult according to the conventional embedding method for security thread.
  • the thread can be brought up to the sieve either very early or very late.
  • Fig. 4 a product is shown, wherein one of the paper layers 5 is provided with a watermark 9, so that the thread on one side of the paper is only overlaid at targeted locations by a thin layer of paper and is therefore clearly visible at these locations .
  • both paper layers 3 and 5 being provided with a watermark.
  • the elevations on the screen or impervious areas necessary for watermark formation are designed in such a way that the respective watermark patterns complement each other to form a positive / negative relief. If the two paper sieves run in a synchronous manner, the thread is then guided in places near one surface and then shifted onto the opposite surface. The finished sheet then has a uniform thickness, while the thread appears on both sides of the sheet at regular intervals.
  • the measures necessary for watermark production on the paper screen e.g. B. the increase in relief, can also be so strong that fiber deposition is completely prevented there.
  • one of the two paper layers is manufactured according to this concept.
  • the paper layer 3 has holes 10 at regular intervals on and the thread 7 inserted in these areas is completely exposed through the holes in the paper layer.
  • the perforated paper web can have the same thickness as the opposite paper web or a smaller one.
  • both paper webs 3 and 5 can also be provided with such a hole pattern 10 or 11, which results in further design options.
  • the circular sieves can be shaped and synchronized in their run in such a way that the hole patterns coincide when the two paper webs are joined.
  • the thread 7 is thus exposed in the same place on both sides. Threads z. B. show a different appearance when viewed in reflected or transmitted light, can thus be easily checked.
  • the holes can also be arranged so that they are offset from one another in both layers of paper.
  • the alternating sequence of the holes is preferably selected, since in this case the thread is always surrounded by a paper fiber layer on at least one side and thus adheres firmly to the fiber composite.
  • the holes or the thinned areas in the paper layer produced with the first system can also be produced shortly before or after removal of this web from the circular screen. Is on a paper ply z. B. directed an air or water jet, this causes a local displacement of the fibers and craters or holes can be generated in the paper layer.
  • the use of an air or liquid jet device also facilitates synchronization if the patterns in the two layers of paper are to be coordinated. The air or liquid jet device is then activated synchronously with the running of the second paper web or the second circular screen.
  • the examples shown here are based on the use of a twin-wire machine.
  • the method according to the invention can easily be extended to larger systems with more than two wet sections, which makes it possible to embed several threads in different layers of the paper. These threads can then lie side by side or one above the other. Furthermore, there is also the possibility that the paths of the individual threads z. B. cross over. According to the method according to the invention, this is possible in a simple manner, since the threads are introduced into the paper independently of one another at different locations, whereas such a course of several threads cannot be achieved according to the conventional insertion methods.
  • FIGS. 3-6 are only basic representations for better clarity.
  • a displacement within the fiber structure is caused in the watermark area by the pressing action required when the paper layers are removed from the wire and in particular by the subsequent rubber and drying processes.
  • the fiber layer is z. B. shifted to the center plane of the paper so that the relief height on both sides of the paper is approximately the same. This shift will also change the position of the thread with respect to the middle paper plane.
  • the thread in the final product is therefore not always in one plane, as shown in the figures, but will be pressed out of this plane at the points of reduced paper thickness.

Abstract

To produce a security paper with an embedded security feature (7) therein in the form of a thread, band or the like, a first layer of paper (3) and a second layer of paper (5) in a second papermaking machine are produced and the security feature (7) is inserted in a defined position between these layers (3, 5). After this, these are pressed together and dried. The individual paper layers (3, 5) can be provided with watermarks (9) or apertures (10, 11) at specific locations with respect to the thread (7), whereby the thread can be specifically exposed at pre-determined positions. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitspapiers mit einem im Papier eingelagerten Sicherheitselement in Form eines Fadens, Bandes oder dergleichen.The invention relates to a method for producing a security paper with a security element embedded in the paper in the form of a thread, tape or the like.

Sicherheitspapiere, wie sie für Banknoten, Wertpapiere, Dokumente, Ausweiskarten, etc. verwendet werden, weisen in der Regel Wasserzeichen auf, die die Authentizität des Papiers belegen. Die Herstellung dieser Papiere erfolgt auf Rundsiebpapiermaschinen, wobei bekanntermaßen Erhöhungen und/oder wasserundurchlässige Bereiche auf der Sieboberfläche die für die Ausbildung der Wasserzeichen notwendige Reduzierung der Faserablagerung bewirken. Das fertige Papierblatt weist dann lokal unterschiedliche Papierdicken auf und es lassen sich auf diese Weise Bilder oder Muster einbringen, die den für das Wasserzeichen typischen Effekt der Kontrastumkehrung bei einer Betrachtung im Auf- und Durchlicht zeigen.Security papers, such as those used for banknotes, securities, documents, ID cards, etc., usually have watermarks that prove the authenticity of the paper. These papers are produced on circular screen paper machines, it being known that elevations and / or water-impermeable areas on the screen surface bring about the reduction in fiber deposition necessary for the formation of the watermarks. The finished paper sheet then has locally different paper thicknesses and in this way images or patterns can be introduced which show the effect of the contrast reversal typical of the watermark when viewed in reflected and transmitted light.

Des weiteren ist es bekannt, in die Papierschicht ein Sicherheitselement in Form eines Fadens oder Bandes etc. einzulagern. Der Faden wird hierzu in die Papierpulpe eingeführt und so an das Sieb herangeführt, daß er dort anliegt, nachdem die Faserablagerung begonnen hat, sich also bereits eine Faserschicht gebildet hat, diese aber noch nicht abgeschlossen ist, so daß der Faden dann im fertigen Blatt vollständig eingeschlossen ist. Dieses Einlagerungsverfahren ist allgemein bekannt und z. B. in der DE-OS 24 08 304 (Jung) beschrieben.Furthermore, it is known to incorporate a security element in the form of a thread or tape etc. into the paper layer. For this purpose, the thread is introduced into the paper pulp and brought up to the sieve in such a way that it lies there after the fiber deposition has started, that is to say a fiber layer has already formed but has not yet been completed, so that the thread is then complete in the finished sheet is included. This storage process is generally known and z. B. in DE-OS 24 08 304 (Jung).

Es ist zuweilen unumgänglich, z. B. wenn das Design der Banknote es erfordert, den Faden auch im Bereich eines Wasserzeichens einzulagern. Da in den lichten Stellen des Wasserzeichens die Faserschicht relativ dünn ist, kann die Einlagerung des Fadens in diesen Bereichen nach dem bekannten Verfahren die Faserschichtbildung zum Teil beträchtlich stören. Der Faden kann z. B. die Ablagerung der Fasern verhindern, so daß die Papierfaserschicht an diesen Stellen unterbrochen ist und der Faden dort dann freiliegt. Die Einführung des Fadens im Wasserzeichenbereich ist daher sehr problematisch, da immer eine Vielzahl von Rahmenbedingungen wie Einführungspunkt des Fadens, Höhe der Wasserzeichenreliefs, Siebgeschwindigkeit, etc. optimal zu erfüllen sind, um eine korrekte Einlagerung des Fadens zu erreichen. Da alle Bedingungen nicht immer gleichzeitig und in gleichem Maße erfüllt werden können, ergeben sich bei ungünstigen Bedingungen hierdurch hohe Ausschußraten.It is sometimes inevitable, e.g. B. if the design of the banknote requires that the thread also be stored in the area of a watermark. Since the fiber layer is relatively thin in the clear areas of the watermark, the incorporation of the thread in these areas can considerably interfere with the fiber layer formation in accordance with the known method. The thread can e.g. B. the deposit prevent the fibers, so that the paper fiber layer is interrupted at these points and the thread is then exposed there. The introduction of the thread in the watermark area is therefore very problematic, since a large number of framework conditions such as the thread insertion point, height of the watermark relief, sieving speed, etc. must always be optimally met in order to achieve correct storage of the thread. Since all conditions cannot always be fulfilled at the same time and to the same extent, this results in high rejection rates under unfavorable conditions.

Bei bestimmten Fäden ist es manchmal erwünscht, daß der Faden zum Teil freiliegt. Fäden, die z. B. ein Druckmuster oder andere visuell prüfbare Merkmale, wie z. B. Beugungsstrukturen, dichroitische Materialien, etc., aufweisen, können nämlich auf diese Weise einfach geprüft werden. So ist es aus der GB-PS 1 552 853 bekannt, derartige visuell prüfbare Sicherheitsfäden so einzulagern, daß sie lokal frei an der Papieroberfläche liegen. Dies kann z. B. durch nachträgliche Entfernung der Papierschicht in bestimmten Bereichen des Sicherheitsfadens erreicht werden oder durch oben beschriebene Einlagerung des Sicherheitsfadens im Wasserzeichenbereich, so daß der Faden nur von einer dünnen und damit nahezu transparenten Papierschicht überzogen ist.With certain threads, it is sometimes desirable for the thread to be partially exposed. Threads z. B. a print sample or other visually verifiable features such. B. diffraction structures, dichroic materials, etc., can namely be easily checked in this way. It is known from GB-PS 1 552 853 to store such visually inspectable security threads in such a way that they lie locally freely on the paper surface. This can e.g. B. can be achieved by subsequent removal of the paper layer in certain areas of the security thread or by the above-described storage of the security thread in the watermark area, so that the thread is only covered by a thin and thus almost transparent paper layer.

Insbesondere aufgrund der oben genannten dem Fachmann bekannten Problematik bei der Einlagerung eines Fadens im Wasserzeichenbereich kann der Fachmann sich die kritischen Parameter durchaus auch zunutze machen und die oben genannten Verfahrensparameter zur Einlagerung eines Sicherheitsfadens wie Einführungszeitpunkt des Fadens, Prägestruktur auf dem Sieb, etc. auch so wählen, daß der Faden in der fertigen Papierbahn nicht nur von einer dünnen Papierstruktur überdeckt ist, sondern vollständig freiliegt. Dieses Verfahren ist z. B. in der EP 59 056 (Portals) auch näher beschrieben. Der Faden wird dann diesem Wunsch entsprechend selbstverständlich so eingeführt, daß er auf die .erhöhten und/oder wasserundurchlässigen Bereiche des Siebs zu liegen kommt, bevor hier eine Abscheidung von Fasern stattgefunden hat.In particular due to the above-mentioned problems with the insertion of a thread in the watermark area known to the person skilled in the art, the person skilled in the art can also take advantage of the critical parameters and the process parameters mentioned above for the insertion of a security thread such as the time of insertion of the thread, embossing structure on the sieve, etc. choose that the thread in the finished paper web is not only covered by a thin paper structure, but is completely exposed. This method is e.g. B. in EP 59 056 (Portals) also described in more detail. The thread is then, of course, introduced in accordance with this request in such a way that it comes to rest on the raised and / or water-impermeable areas of the sieve before a separation of fibers has taken place here.

Problematisch bei diesem Verfahren ist aber, daß bei diesem Verfahren ständig eine Vielzahl von Parametern eingehalten werden muß, um das gewünschte Produkt in ausreichend guter Qualität zu erhalten. Des weiteren muß der Faden unter einer derartigen Spannung eingeführt werden, daß er die Bereiche zwischen den Relieferhöhungen des Siebs frei überbrückt und er dort nicht auf dem Sieb zu liegen kommt. Außerdem darf dabei die Faserablagerung rund um den Faden, insbesondere in dem Überbrückungsbereich nicht behindert werden, wobei selbst bei Einhaltung aller Parameter mit diesem Verfahren grundsätzlich nur einseitige "Fenster" herstellbar sind.The problem with this process, however, is that a large number of parameters must be constantly observed in this process in order to obtain the desired product in sufficiently good quality. Furthermore, the thread must be inserted under such a tension that it bridges the areas between the relief elevations of the sieve freely and it does not come to rest on the sieve. In addition, the fiber deposition around the thread, in particular in the bridging area, must not be impeded, although only one-sided “windows” can be produced with this method, even if all parameters are observed.

Aus der GB-PS 1 486 079 ist schließlich ein Verfahren zur vollständigen Einlagerung relativ breiter Sicherheitsfäden in Papier bekannt, wobei das Sicherheitsband zwischen zwei separat erstellten Papierbahnen eingebettet wird und die Gesamtanordnung dann gepreßt und getrocknet wird.Finally, from GB-PS 1 486 079 a method for the complete incorporation of relatively wide security threads in paper is known, the security tape being embedded between two separately created paper webs and the overall arrangement then being pressed and dried.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nun darin, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sicherheitspapieren anzugeben, wobei der Faden problemlos sowohl in nahezu beliebigen Schichttiefen im Papier als auch im Wasserzeichenbereich eingebettet werden kann und wobei des weiteren die Möglichkeit besteht, den Faden an beliebigen Stellen auch auf der Vorder- und Rückseite des Papiers so zu exponieren, daß er einer visuellen Betrachtung im Auflicht zugängig ist.The object of the invention is now to provide a method for producing security papers, the thread being able to be embedded without problems both in almost any layer depth in the paper and in the watermark area, and furthermore there being the possibility of also placing the thread at any point on the Expose the front and back of the paper so that it is accessible for visual inspection in reflected light.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Hauptanspruchs angegebene Vorgehensweise gelöst.This problem is solved by the procedure specified in the characterizing part of the main claim.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Fadeneinführung von der Faserschichtbildung auf dem Papiersieb entkoppelt wird, so daß sich die Fadeneinführung nicht störend auf die eigentliche Faserschichtbildung (Blattbildung) auswirken kann.The basic idea of the invention is that the thread insertion is decoupled from the fiber layer formation on the paper screen, so that the thread insertion cannot have a disruptive effect on the actual fiber layer formation (sheet formation).

Eine oder auch beide Papierlagen können nun problemlos lokal sehr dünn hergestellt werden, wobei zur guten visuellen Sichtbarkeit des Fadens mindestens eine der Papierlagen im Fadenbereich lokal auf eine Dicke von 30 - 0 % bezüglich der allgemeinen Gesamtdicke beider Lagen reduziert wird.One or both paper layers can now be produced very thin locally without any problems, with at least one of the paper layers in the thread area being locally reduced to a thickness of 30-0% with respect to the overall total thickness of both layers for good visual visibility of the thread.

Trotz der Tatsache, daß die den Faden einschließenden Papierschichten auf separaten Papiersieben hergestellt werden, wird aufgrund der schnellen Zusammenführung dieser Schichten und des gemeinsamen Gautschens und Trocknen ein nicht mehr trennbares Papierblatt erzeugt, daß sich bezüglich seiner inneren Festigkeit nicht von einem nur auf einem Sieb erzeugten Papierblatt unterscheidet.In spite of the fact that the paper layers enclosing the thread are produced on separate paper sieves, due to the rapid merging of these layers and the joint gumming and drying, a non-separable paper sheet is produced which, with regard to its internal strength, is not produced by one on only one sieve Paper sheet differs.

Durch die Erzeugung der einzelnen Komponenten des Sicherheitspapiers auf zwei getrennten Sieben und der Einbringung des Sicherheitsfadens zwischen beide Lagen ergeben sich eine Reihe von Möglichkeiten, den Faden in visuell gut sichtbarer Form in das Papier einzulagern.By creating the individual components of the security paper on two separate sieves and inserting the security thread between the two layers, there are a number of options for storing the thread in a visually clearly visible form in the paper.

So können z. B. auf dem ersten und dem zweiten Papiersieb Faserschichten unterschiedlicher Dicke erzeugt werden, vorzugsweise in einem Dickenverhältnis von 1 : 4. Der Faden kommt dabei im fertigen Blatt in Oberflächennähe zu liegen, wodurch dessen visuelle Prüfbarkeit über die gesamte Länge des Papiers verbessert wird. Ein z. B. auf dem Faden befindlicher Schriftzug ist über die geeamte Fadenlänge gut lesbar.So z. B. on the first and the second paper sieve fiber layers of different thickness are generated, preferably in a thickness ratio of 1: 4. The thread comes to lie in the finished sheet near the surface, which improves its visual inspection over the entire length of the paper. A z. B. on the thread lettering is on the ge all thread length legible.

Des weiteren können in eine oder auch beide Papierlagen Wasserzeichenmuster z. B. in Form mehrerer sich regelmäßig wiederholenden Flächenbereiche in z. B. rechteckiger, runder oder elliptischer Form eingebracht werden. Der Faden, der in diese Bereiche eingelagert wird, ist dann an diesen Flächenbereichen nur von einer dünnen Papierschicht überlagert und somit dort visuell gut sichtbar.Furthermore, watermark patterns can be made in one or both layers of paper. B. in the form of several regularly repeating surface areas in z. B. rectangular, round or elliptical shape. The thread that is embedded in these areas is then only overlaid on these surface areas by a thin layer of paper and is therefore clearly visible there.

Die zur Ausbildung des Wasserzeichenmusters erforderlichen Maßnahmen auf dem Sieb (Erhöhungen, wasserundurchlässiger Bereiche) können auch im Extremfall so ausgebildet sein, daß dort keine Faserablagerung stattfindet und somit Löcher im Faserverbund erzeugt werden. Damit ist es möglich, den Faden auch gezielt freizulegen.The measures required for forming the watermark pattern on the screen (elevations, water-impermeable areas) can also be designed in extreme cases so that there is no fiber deposition there and holes are thus created in the fiber composite. This makes it possible to expose the thread in a targeted manner.

Werden beide Papierschichten mit einem derartigen Wasserzeichen oder Lochmuster versehen, so kann durch aufeinander abgestimmte Anordnung der Wasserzeichenmuster und synchronem Lauf der beiden Papiersiebe ein Sicherheitspapier erzeugt werden, wobei der Faden z. B. abwechselnd in regelmäßigen Abständen an der Vor- bzw. Rückseite des fertigen Blattes zum Vorschein kommt.If both layers of paper are provided with such a watermark or hole pattern, a security paper can be produced by coordinating the arrangement of the watermark patterns and synchronous running of the two paper screens, the thread e.g. B. alternately appears at regular intervals on the front or back of the finished sheet.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche und Inhalt der Beschreibung der Erfindung anhand der Figuren.Further advantages and advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims and the content of the description of the invention with reference to the figures.

Die Figuren zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Vorrichtung zur erfindungsgemäßen Herstellung eines Sicherheitspapiers,
  • Fig. 2 den Vorgang der Fadeneinführung zwischen die Papierschichten,
  • Fig. 3 - 7 verschiedene nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Sicherheitspapiere im Querschnitt.
The figures show:
  • 1 shows a device for producing security paper according to the invention,
  • 2 shows the process of thread insertion between the paper layers,
  • Fig. 3-7 different security papers produced by the method according to the invention in cross section.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt in einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitspapiers. Die Vorrichtung entspricht im wesentlichen den handelsüblichen Papiermaschinen, die mindestens zwei separate Naßpartien aufweist. Die hier gezeigte bevorzugte Ausführungsform besteht aus einer Kombination von zwei Rundsiebnaßpartien 1 und 2, einer sogenannten Doppelrundsiebpapiermaschine. In der Naßpartie 1 wird eine erste Papierbahn 3 geschöpft, die dann unter dem Abnahmefilz 4 hängend über eine Entfernung von ca. 2 m zur zweiten Naßpartie 2 geführt wird. In der zweiten Anlage 2 wird eine zweite Papierbahn 5 geschöpft. Beide Papierbahnen werden am Ort der Rolle 6 vereinigt und laufen dann gemeinsam zu den weiteren Bearbeitungsstationen, in denen das Papier gegautscht und getrocknet wird (in den Fig. nicht gezeigt).1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a security paper. The device corresponds essentially to the commercially available paper machines, which has at least two separate wet sections. The preferred embodiment shown here consists of a combination of two circular screen wet sections 1 and 2, a so-called double circular screen paper machine. In the wet section 1, a first paper web 3 is scooped, which is then suspended under the take-off felt 4 over a distance of approximately 2 m to the second wet section 2. In the second system 2, a second paper web 5 is scooped. Both paper webs are combined at the location of the roll 6 and then run together to the further processing stations, in which the paper is pressed and dried (not shown in the figures).

Vor der Vereinigung der Papierbahnen wird zwischen diese Bahnen ein Sicherheitsfaden 7 eingeführt, der von einer Vorratsrolle 8 abgerollt und über eine Führungsrolle 9 an den Vereinigungspunkt herangeführt wird. In der Fig. 2 ist dieser Vorgang in einem vergrößerten Ausschnitt gezeigt (zur besseren Darstellung des Sachverhalts wurde auf eine maßstabsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet). Der Sicherheitsfaden kann so geführt werden, daß er, wie in der Fig. 2 gezeigt, von beiden Papierlagen gleichzeitig erfaßt wird. Er kann auch auf die zweite Papierlage 5 aufgelegt werden, nachdem diese die Pulpe verlassen hat. Bei der Vereinigung der Papierlagen wird dann der Faden zwischen den Papierlagen eingeschlossen.Before the unification of the paper webs, a security thread 7 is introduced between these webs, which is unrolled from a supply roll 8 and guided to the unification point via a guide roll 9. This process is shown in an enlarged section in FIG. The security thread can be guided in such a way that, as shown in FIG. 2, it is gripped by both layers of paper simultaneously. It can also be placed on the second paper layer 5 after it has left the pulp. When the layers of paper are combined, the thread is then enclosed between the layers of paper.

Vorzugsweise werden für die Herstellung der beiden Papierschichten zwei Rundsiebanlagen verwendet. Es ist aber auch möglich, den Sicherheitsfaden zwischen zwei auf Langsiebanlagen erzeugte Papierlagen einzubetten oder für die Herstellung der beiden Papierlagen eine Kombination aus einer Langsieb- und einer Rundsiebanlage zu verwenden. Der Verwendung von Rundsieben wird der Vorzug gegeben, da sich damit sehr kontrastreiche und gute Wasserzeichen erzeugen lassen.Preferably, two circular screening plants are used for the production of the two paper layers. However, it is also possible to embed the security thread between two layers of paper produced on four-wire systems or to use a combination of a four-wire and a rotary screen system for producing the two paper layers. The use of circular sieves is preferred because it can produce very high-contrast and good watermarks.

Durch die separate Herstellung der beiden Papierlagen auf zwei voneinander getrennten Rundsiebanlagen und der Einbettung des Fadens zwischen diesen Papierbahnen ergeben sich mannigfaltige Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für das endgültige Produkt. Die jeweiligen Vorgehensweisen zur Herstellung einzelner beispielhafter Produkte wird anschließend anhand der Fig. 3 - 7 erläutert.The separate production of the two layers of paper on two separate circular screen systems and the embedding of the thread between these paper webs result in a wide range of design options for the final product. The respective procedures for the production of individual exemplary products are subsequently explained with reference to FIGS. 3-7.

Zur Erhöhung der Fälschungssicherheit werden häufig Sicherheitsfäden verwendet, die z. B. einen Schriftzug aufweisen oder andere visuell prüfbare optische Merkmale enthalten. Derartige Merkmale sind z. B. Beugungsgitter. Um derartige Fäden in einfacher Weise prüfen zu können, ist es erforderlich, daß sie visuell zugängig sind. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gestattet es nun, derartige Fäden in Oberflächennähe des Sicherheitspapiers problemlos einzubetten. Dazu werden für die auf beiden Papiermaschinen erzeugten Papierlagen unterschiedliche Dicken gewählt, vorzugsweise in einem Dickenverhältnis von 1 : 4. In der ersten Papiermaschine wird eine Papierlage 3 erzeugt, deren Dicke sich nach dem Gautschen und Trocknen auf ca. 80 pm reduzieren wird. Während in der zweiten Papiermaschine die dünnere Papierlage 5 erzeugt wird, die sich nach den weiteren Bearbeitungsvorgängen auf 20 pm reduzieren wird. Der zwischen diesen Papierlagen eingelagerte Sicherheitsfaden 7 ist damit von einer Seite des fertigen Papiers nur noch von einer 20 pm dicken Papierschicht überzogen und damit gut visuell prüfbar. Auf diese Weise läßt sich der Faden sehr nahe an die Oberfläche des Papiers legen, was nach den herkömmlichen Einbettungsverfahren für Sicherheitsfaden immer mit großen Schwierigkeiten behaftet ist. Nach den herkömmlichen Verfahren ist der Faden, um den gleichen Effekt zu erzielen, entweder sehr früh oder sehr spät an das Sieb heranzuführen. Dabei besteht aber das große Problem, daß ein zumindest stellenweises Austreten des Fadens aus dem Faserverbund nur schwerlich zu vermeiden ist.Security threads are often used to increase the security against counterfeiting. B. have a lettering or contain other visually verifiable optical features. Such features are e.g. B. Diffraction grating. In order to be able to test such threads in a simple manner, it is necessary that they be visually accessible. The method according to the invention now allows threads of this type to be embedded without problems near the surface of the security paper. For this purpose, different thicknesses are selected for the paper layers produced on both paper machines, preferably in a thickness ratio of 1: 4. A paper layer 3 is produced in the first paper machine, the thickness of which will be reduced to approx. 80 pm after Gautschen and drying. While the thinner paper layer 5 is produced in the second paper machine, which will reduce to 20 pm after the further processing operations. The security thread 7 embedded between these paper layers is thus only 20 pm from one side of the finished paper covered with a thick layer of paper, making it easy to check visually. In this way, the thread can be placed very close to the surface of the paper, which is always very difficult according to the conventional embedding method for security thread. According to the conventional methods, in order to achieve the same effect, the thread can be brought up to the sieve either very early or very late. However, there is the major problem that it is difficult to avoid the thread emerging at least in places from the fiber composite.

In der Fig. 4 ist ein Produkt gezeigt, wobei eine der Papierlagen 5 mit einem Wasserzeichen 9 versehen ist, so daß der Faden auf eine Seite des Papiers an gezielten Stellen nur von einer dünnen Papierschicht überlagert ist und damit an diesen Stellen gut visuell sichtbar ist.In Fig. 4 a product is shown, wherein one of the paper layers 5 is provided with a watermark 9, so that the thread on one side of the paper is only overlaid at targeted locations by a thin layer of paper and is therefore clearly visible at these locations .

Die Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform, wobei beide Papierlagen 3 und 5 mit einem Wasserzeichen ausgestattet sind. Die für die Wasserzeichenausbildung notwendigen Erhöhungen auf dem Sieb bzw. undurchlässigen Stellen sind so ausgebildet, daß sich die jeweiligen Wasserzeichenmuster zu einem Positiv/Negativ-Relief ergänzen. Bei entsprechend synchronem Lauf der beiden Papiersiebe wird der Faden dann stellenweise in die Nähe einer Oberfläche geführt und daran anschließend auf die gegenüberliegende Oberfläche verschoben. Das fertige Blatt weist dann eine gleichmäßige Dicke auf, während der Faden von beiden Seiten des Blattes in regelmäßigen Abständen erscheint.5 shows a further embodiment, both paper layers 3 and 5 being provided with a watermark. The elevations on the screen or impervious areas necessary for watermark formation are designed in such a way that the respective watermark patterns complement each other to form a positive / negative relief. If the two paper sieves run in a synchronous manner, the thread is then guided in places near one surface and then shifted onto the opposite surface. The finished sheet then has a uniform thickness, while the thread appears on both sides of the sheet at regular intervals.

Die für die Wasserzeichenherstellung notwendigen Maßnahmen auf dem Papiersieb, z. B. die Relieferhöhung, können auch so stark ausgebildet werden, daß dort eine Faserablagerung vollständig verhindert wird. Nach dem in Fig. 6 gezeigten Beispiel wird bei der Herstellung einer der beiden Papierlagen nach diesem Konzept vorgegangen. Die Papierlage 3 weist in regelmäßigen Abständen Löcher 10 auf und der in diesen Bereichen eingelegte Faden 7 wird durch die Löcher in der Papierlage vollständig freigelegt. Die gelochte Papierbahn kann die gleiche Dicke wie die gegenüberliegende Papierbahn aufweisen oder auch eine geringere.The measures necessary for watermark production on the paper screen, e.g. B. the increase in relief, can also be so strong that fiber deposition is completely prevented there. According to the example shown in FIG. 6, one of the two paper layers is manufactured according to this concept. The paper layer 3 has holes 10 at regular intervals on and the thread 7 inserted in these areas is completely exposed through the holes in the paper layer. The perforated paper web can have the same thickness as the opposite paper web or a smaller one.

Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel können auch beide Papierbahnen 3 und 5 mit einem derartigen Lochmuster 10 bzw. 11 versehen werden, wodurch sich weitere Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten ergeben. Die Rundsiebe können so geformt sein und in ihrem Lauf derart synchronisiert werden, daß die Lochmuster bei der Zusammenfügung der beiden Papierbahnen deckungsgleich übereinanderfallen. Der Faden 7 wird damit an der gleichen Stelle auf beiden Seiten freigelegt. Fäden, die z. B. bei Betrachtung im Auf- oder Durchlicht ein unterschiedliches Erscheinungsbild zeigen, können somit auf einfache Weise geprüft werden. Andererseits können die Löcher auch so angeordnet werden, daß sie in beiden Papierlagen versetzt zueinander liegen. Vorzugsweise wird aber die alternierende Folge der Löcher gewählt, da in diesem Fall der Faden immer zumindest von einer Seite mit einer Papierfaserschicht umgeben ist und er somit fest im Faserverbund haftet.According to a further exemplary embodiment, both paper webs 3 and 5 can also be provided with such a hole pattern 10 or 11, which results in further design options. The circular sieves can be shaped and synchronized in their run in such a way that the hole patterns coincide when the two paper webs are joined. The thread 7 is thus exposed in the same place on both sides. Threads z. B. show a different appearance when viewed in reflected or transmitted light, can thus be easily checked. On the other hand, the holes can also be arranged so that they are offset from one another in both layers of paper. However, the alternating sequence of the holes is preferably selected, since in this case the thread is always surrounded by a paper fiber layer on at least one side and thus adheres firmly to the fiber composite.

Die Löcher bzw. die verdünnten Bereiche in der mit der ersten Anlage erzeugten Papierlage können auch kurz vor oder nach Abnahme dieser Bahn vom Rundsieb erzeugt werden. Wird auf eine Papierlage z. B. ein Luft- oder Wasserstrahl gerichtet, so verursacht dieser eine lokale Verdrängung der Fasern und es können damit Krater bzw. Löcher in der Papierlage erzeugt werden. Die Verwendung einer Luft- oder Flüssigkeitsstrahleinrichtung erleichtert auch die Synchronisation, wenn die Muster in den beiden Papierlagen aufeinander abzustimmen sind. Die Luft- oder Flüssigkeitsstrahleinrichtung wird dann synchron mit dem Lauf der zweiten Papierbahn bzw. des zweiten Rundsiebs angesteuert.The holes or the thinned areas in the paper layer produced with the first system can also be produced shortly before or after removal of this web from the circular screen. Is on a paper ply z. B. directed an air or water jet, this causes a local displacement of the fibers and craters or holes can be generated in the paper layer. The use of an air or liquid jet device also facilitates synchronization if the patterns in the two layers of paper are to be coordinated. The air or liquid jet device is then activated synchronously with the running of the second paper web or the second circular screen.

Die hier gezeigten Beispiele sind auf die Anwendung einer Doppelsiebmaschine ausgerichtet. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt jedoch ohne weiteres auf größere Anlagen mit mehr als zwei Naßpartien ausdehnen, wodurch sich die Möglichkeit bietet, mehrere Fäden auch in verschiedenen Lagen des Papiers einzubetten. Diese Fäden können dann nebeneinander oder übereinander liegen. Des weiteren bietet sich auch die Möglichkeit an, daß sich die Bahnen der einzelnen Fäden z. B. überkreuzen. Dies ist gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in einfacher Weise möglich, da die Fäden unabhängig voneinander an verschiedenen Orten in das Papier eingebracht werden, wohingegen ein derartiger Verlauf mehrerer Fäden nach den herkömmlichen Einbringverfahren nicht erreicht werden können.The examples shown here are based on the use of a twin-wire machine. However, the method according to the invention can easily be extended to larger systems with more than two wet sections, which makes it possible to embed several threads in different layers of the paper. These threads can then lie side by side or one above the other. Furthermore, there is also the possibility that the paths of the individual threads z. B. cross over. According to the method according to the invention, this is possible in a simple manner, since the threads are introduced into the paper independently of one another at different locations, whereas such a course of several threads cannot be achieved according to the conventional insertion methods.

Die in den Fig. 3 - 6 gezeigten Beispiele sind zur besseren Anschaulichkeit nur Prinzipdarstellungen. Durch die bei der Abnahme der Papierlagen vom Sieb erforderliche Preßwirkung und insbesondere durch die nachfolgenden Gautsch- und Trocknungsvorgänge wird bekanntermaßen im Wasserzeichenbereich eine Verschiebung innerhalb der Faserstruktur verursacht. In den dünnen Bereichen wird die Faserschicht z. B. zur Mittenebene des Papiers verschoben, so daß die Reliefhöhe auf beiden Seiten des Papiers etwa gleich ist. Durch diese Verschiebung wird sich auch die Lage des Fadens im Hinblick auf die mittlere Papierebene verändern. Der Faden liegt daher beim endgültigen Produkt nicht immer, wie in den Figuren gezeigt, in einer Ebene, sondern wird an den Stellen geringerer Papierdicke aus dieser Ebene herausgedrückt werden.The examples shown in FIGS. 3-6 are only basic representations for better clarity. As is known, a displacement within the fiber structure is caused in the watermark area by the pressing action required when the paper layers are removed from the wire and in particular by the subsequent rubber and drying processes. In the thin areas, the fiber layer is z. B. shifted to the center plane of the paper so that the relief height on both sides of the paper is approximately the same. This shift will also change the position of the thread with respect to the middle paper plane. The thread in the final product is therefore not always in one plane, as shown in the figures, but will be pressed out of this plane at the points of reduced paper thickness.

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitspapiers mit einem im Papier eingelagerten Sicherheitselement in Form eines Fadens, Bandes oder dergleichen, wobei - auf einer ersten Naßpartie einer Papiermaschine eine erste Papierlage gebildet wird, die mittels eines Abnahmebandes vom Sieb losgelöst wird, - auf einer zweiten Naßpartie einer Papiermaschine eine zweite Papierlage gebildet wird, - die erste Papierlage mittels des Abnahmebandes an die zweite Papierlage herangefürt und mit dieser in innigem Kontakt gebracht wird, wobei zwischen die Papierlagen das Sicherheitselement eingeführt wird und - die zusammengeführten Papierlagen gemeinsam gegautscht und getrocknet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß - mindestens eine der Papierbahnen so erzeugt wird, daß sie mindestens bereichsweise eine Dicke aufweist, die zwischen 30 und 0 % der mittleren Gesamtdicke beider Papierlagen liegt und - das Sicherheitselement vor oder bei der Zusammenführung der beiden Papierlagen so eingeführt wird, daß es an diesen Bereichen geringerer Dicke der Papierbahn(en) angeordnet ist. 1. A method for producing a security paper with a security element embedded in the paper in the form of a thread, tape or the like, wherein a first paper layer is formed on a first wet section of a paper machine and is detached from the screen by means of a take-off belt, a second paper layer is formed on a second wet section of a paper machine, - The first paper layer is brought up to the second paper layer by means of the take-off tape and brought into intimate contact therewith, the security element being inserted between the paper layers and - The merged layers of paper are squeezed together and dried, characterized in that - At least one of the paper webs is produced in such a way that it has a thickness at least in regions which is between 30 and 0% of the average total thickness of both paper layers and - The security element is inserted before or during the merging of the two layers of paper so that it is arranged in these areas of reduced thickness of the paper web (s). 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Bereiche geringerer Dicke in der(n) Papierlage(n) durch mit reliefförmig geprägten Bereichen auf dem Sieb oder die Wasserdurchlässigkeit gezielt beeinträchtigende Bereiche auf dem Sieb erzeugt werden, wodurch die Faserablagerung in diesen Bereichen reduziert bzw. gänzlich unterbunden wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the areas of reduced thickness in the (n) paper layer (s) by areas with relief-shaped areas on the screen or the water permeability deliberately impairing areas on the screen are generated, whereby the fiber deposition in these areas is reduced or completely prevented. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß mindestens eine der beiden Papierlagen während der Blattbildung oder kurz danach mittels Luft- oder Wasserstrahl derart behandelt wird, daß eine gezielte lokale Faserverdrängung bis hin zur Lochbildung erreicht wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two layers of paper is treated during the sheet formation or shortly thereafter by means of air or water jet in such a way that a targeted local fiber displacement up to hole formation is achieved. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die beiden Papierlagen mit unterschiedlicher Dicke, vorzugsweise im Verhältnis 1 : 4, hergestellt werden.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the two paper layers are made with different thicknesses, preferably in a ratio of 1: 4. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß mindestens eine der beiden Papierlagen mit einer Rundsiebmaschine hergestellt wird.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two layers of paper is produced with a rotary screening machine. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß in beide Papierlagen sich periodisch wiederholende Wasserzeichenbereiche oder Löcher eingebracht werden.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that periodically repeating watermark areas or holes are introduced in both paper layers. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Wasserzeichen der einen Paperlage bezüglich der dicken und dünnen Papierbereiche komplementär zu den Wasserzeichen der anderen Papierlage ausgebildet werden.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the watermarks of one paper layer with respect to the thick and thin paper areas are complementary to the watermarks of the other paper layer. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Wasserzeichen oder Löcher der beiden Papierlagen beim Zusammenführen so übereinander angeordnet werden, so daß die dicken Bereiche des Wasserzeichens der einen Papierlage über den entsprechenden dünnen Bereichen oder Löchern der anderen Papierlage liegen.8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the watermarks or holes of the two paper layers are arranged one above the other when merging, so that the thick areas of the watermark of one paper layer lie over the corresponding thin areas or holes of the other paper layer. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die beiden Papierlagen so zusammengeführt werden, daß die Wasserzeichen oder Löcher der einen Papierlage zwischen die Wasserzeichen oder Löcher der anderen Papierlage zu liegen kommen.9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the two paper layers are brought together so that the watermarks or holes of one paper layer come to lie between the watermarks or holes of the other paper layer. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Bereiche geringerer Dicke in den Papierbahnen als einfache geometrische Muster, insbesondere in Form annähernd rechteckiger, runder oder elliptischer Flächenbereiche, ausgebildet werden.10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the areas of reduced thickness in the paper webs are formed as simple geometric patterns, in particular in the form of approximately rectangular, round or elliptical surface areas. 11. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß an die erste und zweite Papiermaschine weitere Papermaschinen angeschlossen sind und daß zwischen den einzelnen Papiermaschinen weitere Sicherheitselemente in die aus mehreren Lagen bestehende Papierbahn eingeführt werden.11. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that further paper machines are connected to the first and second paper machine and that further security elements are introduced into the paper web consisting of several layers between the individual paper machines will. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Sicherheitselemente in den verschiedenen Papierlagen neben und/oder übereinander angeordnet werden und/oder daß sich die Sicherheitselemente überschneiden.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the security elements are arranged in the different paper layers next to and / or one above the other and / or that the security elements overlap.
EP87100201A 1986-01-16 1987-01-09 Process for producing an antifalsification paper with an incorporated security element Expired - Lifetime EP0229645B1 (en)

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AT87100201T ATE63584T1 (en) 1986-01-16 1987-01-09 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A SECURITY PAPER WITH INCORPORATED SECURITY ELEMENT.

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DE19863601114 DE3601114A1 (en) 1986-01-16 1986-01-16 METHOD FOR PRODUCING SECURITY PAPER WITH STORED SECURITY THREAD
DE3601114 1986-01-16

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ES2022153B3 (en) 1991-12-01
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EP0229645B1 (en) 1991-05-15
DE3769999D1 (en) 1991-06-20

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