EP0237642B1 - Process for the heat treatment of a web in a stenter device - Google Patents

Process for the heat treatment of a web in a stenter device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0237642B1
EP0237642B1 EP86117586A EP86117586A EP0237642B1 EP 0237642 B1 EP0237642 B1 EP 0237642B1 EP 86117586 A EP86117586 A EP 86117586A EP 86117586 A EP86117586 A EP 86117586A EP 0237642 B1 EP0237642 B1 EP 0237642B1
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Prior art keywords
drying
length
heat treatment
zone
temperature
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EP86117586A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0237642A2 (en
EP0237642A3 (en
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Harry Gresens
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Brueckner Trockentechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Brueckner Trockentechnik GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of a web in a tensioning machine, in particular for drying. Fix and / or condense.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method for the heat treatment of a material web in a tensioning machine, which is characterized by a particularly economical and at the same time material-saving control.
  • At least one product-specific characteristic value is first determined by measuring a product sample.
  • At least one parameter of the heat treatment process is calculated and set before the start of the heat treatment.
  • At least one parameter of the heat treatment method is then measured, compared with a calculated value of this parameter, a correction signal is formed in accordance with the difference between the measured value and the calculated value, and the set parameter of the heat treatment method is changed in accordance with this correction signal.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore based on a feed-forward principle.
  • the required manipulated variables are first calculated (before the start of heat treatment) by determining the goods-specific characteristics of a sample and all actuators are positioned in advance so that the heat treatment is carried out at the start with almost optimal setting of all parameters.
  • the energy consumption which is sometimes considerable in stenter machine processes, is already minimized at the beginning of a heat treatment (for example when switching to another product), and impairments to the quality of the goods are also avoided at the beginning of the heat treatment.
  • the speed of the stenter as a parameter of the heat treatment process is expediently calculated from the measured goods-specific characteristic value, the specified length of the heat treatment zone and, if appropriate, further specified data, and is set before the heat treatment begins.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a very schematic form the course of the temperature of the web of material 1 as it passes through the individual fields 2a to 2f of the tensioning machine 2.
  • the goods to be dried are at room temperature (about 20 °) to the so-called cooling limit temperature (of about 60 ° C) (ie to the temperature that the goods assume under the given drying conditions during drying). Only after reaching a certain residual moisture (in field 2f) does the goods temperature continue to rise.
  • the drying process to be expected at a given drying temperature and exhaust air humidity is first determined by measuring a product sample before the start of the heat treatment. This can be done with a device as is the subject of DE-A-36 02 815. This device makes it possible in a particularly simple manner - with the possibility of automation - to determine the drying process over time of a moist product sample.
  • the speed of the tensioning machine to be set is then calculated from the expected course of drying over time, the specified initial and residual moisture of the material web and the specified length of the drying zone.
  • the residual moisture of the material web present at the end of the drying zone and / or the temperature of the material web at a predetermined point is then measured as a parameter of the heat treatment method.
  • the speed of the stenter is changed if necessary.
  • the drying speed of the goods determines the machine speed.
  • the amount of water evaporating determines the amount of exhaust air.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the temperature conditions in a tenter when fixing a web, i.e. in the dimensional stabilization of goods made from PAM, PES and TZ.
  • the goods must be warmed from room temperature - (approx. 20 ° C) to fixing temperature (approx. 190 ° C). Since the goods must reach the required temperature right down to the fiber core, a dwell zone (fields 2d to 2f) is generally connected to the actual heating zone (fields 2a to 2c). The dwell time is generally granted taking into account empirical values proportional to the basis weight of the goods. The amount of exhaust air in the fixing process depends on the degree of contamination of the goods and increases with increasing contamination.
  • Fig. 3 shows the temperature profile in a tenter when condensing a web, i.e. in the polymerization of goods finished with synthetic resins.
  • the temperature curve is similar to that when fixing.
  • the material web is heated in a heating zone (fields 2a, 2b) from room temperature to about 200 ° C. and then remains for a longer time (fields 2c to 2f) at this temperature. Little exhaust air is required here.
  • the weight per unit area of the product sample is determined as a product-specific characteristic value before the start of the heat treatment.
  • the speed of the stenter is then calculated in the condensing zone and set before the heat treatment begins.
  • the characteristic value of the heat treatment process is that of the fixing or. Condensing zone, preferably at the transition between the heating zone and the dwell zone, measured the existing temperature of the web and changed the speed of the tensioning machine with the correction signal derived therefrom.
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the temperature profile when a drying and fixing process are carried out in succession in one run in a tensioning machine.
  • the diagram corresponds to a summary of the diagrams according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and requires no further explanation.
  • FIG. 5 shows the temperature profile when a drying and condensing process is carried out in succession in a stenter. This image corresponds to a combination of the representations in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the basis weight of the goods sample and the drying process to be expected at a given drying temperature and exhaust air humidity are to be expected as goods-specific parameters before the actual heat treatment begins determined.
  • the drying time, the heating-up time and the dwell time for fixing or. Condensation temperature calculated.
  • the speed of the stenter is then calculated from the sum of the drying time, the heating-up time and the dwell time and the predetermined total length of the heat treatment zone and is set before the heat treatment begins.
  • the heating time and the dwell time From the drying time, the heating time and the dwell time, the lengths or the number of fields of the drying zone, heating zone and dwell zone as well as the air quantities, air velocities and air temperatures for these zones are determined and set before the start of the heat treatment.
  • the residual moisture of the web at the end of the drying zone, the temperature of the web at a predetermined location, preferably in the area of the heating zone, and / or the spatial location at which the temperature of the web changes markedly is a characteristic of the heat treatment process , measured and with the correction signal derived therefrom changed the speed of the clamping machine.
  • the spatial parameter is particularly suitable Position of the end of the drying zone, ie the point at which the web has its residual moisture and the temperature of the heating zone begins.
  • the temperature of the material web present at at least one predetermined point is also measured as a further parameter of the heat treatment method and the amount of air, air speed and / or air temperature present at this point is changed with the correction signal derived therefrom.
  • the method according to the invention it can also be advantageous if, as goods-specific characteristic values, not only the time course of drying to be expected at a given drying temperature and exhaust air humidity, but also the heating-up rate to be expected under given heating conditions are determined on the basis of a sample of goods before the actual heat treatment begins. With the goods-specific characteristic values obtained in this way, the entire course of the heat treatment processes described can be determined in advance and corresponding presettings made on the tenter.
  • the speeds of the rollers arranged in front of and behind the tensioning machine and / or the spacing between the chain rails are therefore advantageously calculated on the basis of the determined shrinkage data and are set before the heat treatment begins.
  • the air speeds in the individual areas of the tensioning machine are appropriately set differently.
  • a high air speed is set, preferably the highest possible air speed for the goods in question.
  • a low temperature level preferably that for keeping the temperature constant Temperature just set sufficient air speed. In this way, the overall energy requirement of the stenter can be minimized.
  • the type of goods to be treated is also taken into account when selecting the air speed.
  • a coarse, insensitive material can generally be treated with much higher air velocities than a very sensitive fabric (such as crepe).
  • the required amount of exhaust air is calculated from the determined temporal drying process, the initial and residual moisture of the material web and the specified exhaust air humidity and is set before the start of the heat treatment.
  • the exhaust air moisture is then measured as a further parameter of the heat treatment method and the exhaust air quantity is changed with the correction signal derived therefrom.
  • the degree of contamination of the goods i.e. the quality of the pretreatment
  • the condensation zone is calculated and set before the start of the heat treatment.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung einer Warenbahn in einer Spannmaschine, insbesondere zum Trocknen. Fixieren und/oder Kondensieren.The invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of a web in a tensioning machine, in particular for drying. Fix and / or condense.

Die bisher übliche Regelung einer Spannmaschine geschieht nach dem sogen. feed-back-Prinzip, das am Beispiel einer Temperaturregelung mittels eines Lufterhitzers erläutert werden soll. Ein Temperaturfühler sitzt hierbei hinter dem Lufterhitzer und führt seinen Meßwert einem Regler zu, der den Meßwert mit einem eingestellten Sollwert vergleicht. Die Differenz zwischen diesen beiden Werten führt zu einer Stellgröße, die auf ein Stellglied wirkt, im angenommenen Falle beispielsweise auf ein Regelventil, das die Durchflußmenge auf der Flüssigkeitsseite des Lufterhitzers verändert. Durch diese Rückkoppelung ist der Regelkreis geschlossen. Die Lufttemperatur muß sich hierbei erst ändern, ehe der Meß-und Regelkreis ein neues Stellsignal ausgeben kann.The previously usual regulation of a tensioning machine takes place according to the so-called. Feed-back principle, which is to be explained using the example of temperature control using an air heater. A temperature sensor sits behind the air heater and feeds its measured value to a controller, which compares the measured value with a setpoint. The difference between these two values leads to a manipulated variable that acts on an actuator, in the assumed case, for example, on a control valve that changes the flow rate on the liquid side of the air heater. This feedback loop closes the control loop. The air temperature must change before the measuring and control circuit can output a new control signal.

Die Anwendung dieser üblichen feed-back-Regelung auf den Betrieb einer Spannmaschine ist mit dem Nachteil behaftet, daß die Anlage vor allem bei Beginn einer Wärmebehandlung noch nicht optimal eingestellt ist, was zu einem unwirtschaftlichen Betrieb mit unnötig hohen Energiekosten führt und u.U. die Warenqualität beeinträchtigt.The application of this usual feed-back control to the operation of a stentering machine has the disadvantage that the system is not yet optimally set, especially at the start of a heat treatment, which leads to uneconomical operation with unnecessarily high energy costs and may. the quality of the goods is affected.

Ein Verfahren zum Trocknen bzw. Fixieren oder Kondensieren einer Warenbahn mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem Öberbegriff von Anspruch 1 bzw. 2 ist durch die US-A-4017722 bzw. durch die DE-A-3328557 bekannt.A method for drying or fixing or condensing a web with the features according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2 is known from US-A-4017722 and DE-A-3328557.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung einer Warenbahn in einer Spannmaschine zu entwickeln, das sich durch eine besonders wirtschaftliche und zugleich materialschonende Regelung auszeichnet.The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method for the heat treatment of a material web in a tensioning machine, which is characterized by a particularly economical and at the same time material-saving control.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 bzw. 2 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 2, respectively.

Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Appropriate embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird zunächst durch Messung einer Warenprobe wenigstens ein warenspezifischer Kennwert ermittelt.In the method according to the invention, at least one product-specific characteristic value is first determined by measuring a product sample.

Sodann wird unter Berücksichtigung dieses warenspezifischen Kennwertes wenigstens ein Parameter des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens errechnet und vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung eingestellt.Then, taking this product-specific characteristic value into account, at least one parameter of the heat treatment process is calculated and set before the start of the heat treatment.

Während der Wärmebehandlung wird dann wenigstens eine Kenngröße des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens gemessen, mit einem errechneten Wert dieser Kenngröße verglichen, ein Korrektursignal entsprechend der Differenz zwischen Meßwert und errechnetem Wert gebildet und der eingestellte Parameter des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens gemäß diesem Korrektursignal geändert.During the heat treatment, at least one parameter of the heat treatment method is then measured, compared with a calculated value of this parameter, a correction signal is formed in accordance with the difference between the measured value and the calculated value, and the set parameter of the heat treatment method is changed in accordance with this correction signal.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beruht damit auf einem feed-forward-Prinzip (Vorwärtsregelung). Hierbei werden zunächst (vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung) durch Ermittlung warenspezifischer Kennwerte einer Warenprobe die erforderlichen Stellgrößen errechnet und alle Stellglieder im voraus positioniert, so daß die Wärmebehandlung dann bereits beim Start mit nahezu optimaler Einstellung aller Parameter erfolgt. Auf diese Weise wird der bei Spannmaschinenprozessen teilweise erhebliche Energieverbrauch bereits zu Beginn einer Wärmebehandlung (etwa bei der Umstellung auf eine andere Ware) minimiert, und es werden Beeinträchtigungen der Warenqualität auch zu Beginn der Wärmebehandlung mit Sicherheit vermieden.The method according to the invention is therefore based on a feed-forward principle. The required manipulated variables are first calculated (before the start of heat treatment) by determining the goods-specific characteristics of a sample and all actuators are positioned in advance so that the heat treatment is carried out at the start with almost optimal setting of all parameters. In this way, the energy consumption, which is sometimes considerable in stenter machine processes, is already minimized at the beginning of a heat treatment (for example when switching to another product), and impairments to the quality of the goods are also avoided at the beginning of the heat treatment.

Aus dem gemessenen warenspezifischen Kennwert, der vorgegebenen Länge der Wärmebehandlungszone und ggfs. weiteren vorgegebenen Daten wird zweckmäßig die Geschwindigkeit der Spannmaschine als Parameter des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens errechnet und vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung eingestellt.The speed of the stenter as a parameter of the heat treatment process is expediently calculated from the measured goods-specific characteristic value, the specified length of the heat treatment zone and, if appropriate, further specified data, and is set before the heat treatment begins.

Soll eine feuchte Warenbahn nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in einer Spannmaschine getrocknet werden, so zeigt Fig. 1 in ganz - schematischer Form den Verlauf der Temperatur der Warenbahn 1 beim Durchlaufen der einzelnen Felder 2a bis 2f der Spannmaschine 2. Die zu trocknende Ware wird von Raumtemperatur (etwa 20°) auf die sog. Kühlgrenztemperatur (von etwa 60°C) erwärmt (d.h. auf die Temperatur, die die Ware unter den gegebenen Trocknungsbedingungen während der Trocknung annimmt). Erst nach Erreichen einer bestimmten Restfeuchte (im Feld 2f) steigt die Warentemperatur weiter an.If a moist web of material is to be dried in a tensioning machine using the method according to the invention, FIG. 1 shows in a very schematic form the course of the temperature of the web of material 1 as it passes through the individual fields 2a to 2f of the tensioning machine 2. The goods to be dried are at room temperature (about 20 °) to the so-called cooling limit temperature (of about 60 ° C) (ie to the temperature that the goods assume under the given drying conditions during drying). Only after reaching a certain residual moisture (in field 2f) does the goods temperature continue to rise.

Wird nun eine feuchte Warenbahn nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in einer Spannmaschine getrocknet, so wird vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung zunächst durch Messung einer Warenprobe als warenspezifischer Kennwert der bei vorgegebener Trocknungstemperatur und Abluftfeuchte zu erwartende zeitliche Trocknungsverlauf ermittelt. Dies kann mit einer Vorrichtung erfolgen, wie sie Gegenstand der DE-A-36 02 815 ist. Diese Vorrichtung ermöglicht auf besonders einfache Weise -mit der Möglichkeit einer Automatisierung -die Ermittlung des zeitlichen Trocknungsverlaufes einer feuchten Warenprobe.If a moist web of material is now dried in a tensioning machine according to the method according to the invention, the drying process to be expected at a given drying temperature and exhaust air humidity is first determined by measuring a product sample before the start of the heat treatment. This can be done with a device as is the subject of DE-A-36 02 815. This device makes it possible in a particularly simple manner - with the possibility of automation - to determine the drying process over time of a moist product sample.

Sodann wird aus dem zu erwartenden zeitlichen Trocknungsverlauf, der vorgegebenen Anfangs-und Restfeuchte der Warenbahn sowie der vorgegebenen Länge der Trocknungszone die einzustellende Geschwindigkeit der Spannmaschine errechnet.The speed of the tensioning machine to be set is then calculated from the expected course of drying over time, the specified initial and residual moisture of the material web and the specified length of the drying zone.

Während der Wärmebehandlung wird dann als Kenngröße des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens die am Ende der Trocknungszone vorhandene Restfeuchte der Warenbahn und/oder die Temperatur der Warenbahn an einer vorgegebenen Stelle gemessen. Mit dem hieraus abgeleiteten Korrektursignal wird die Geschwindigkeit der Spannmaschine erforderlichenfalls geändert.During the heat treatment, the residual moisture of the material web present at the end of the drying zone and / or the temperature of the material web at a predetermined point is then measured as a parameter of the heat treatment method. With the correction signal derived from this, the speed of the stenter is changed if necessary.

Die Trocknungsgeschwindigkeit der Ware bestimmt hierbei somit die Maschinengeschwindigkeit. Die verdampfende Wassermenge legt die Abluftmenge fest.The drying speed of the goods determines the machine speed. The amount of water evaporating determines the amount of exhaust air.

Fig. 2 veranschaulicht die Temperaturverhältnisse in einer Spannmaschine beim Fixieren einer Warenbahn, d.h. bei der Dimensionsstabilisierung von Waren aus PAM, PES und TZ.Fig. 2 illustrates the temperature conditions in a tenter when fixing a web, i.e. in the dimensional stabilization of goods made from PAM, PES and TZ.

Die Ware muß hierbei von Raumtemperatur - (ca. 20°C) auf Fixiertemperatur (etwa 190°C) erwärmt werden. Da die Ware bis in den Faserkern die erforderliche Temperatur annehmen muß, wird im allgemeinen im Anschluß an die eigentliche Aufheizzone (Felder 2a bis 2c) noch eine Verweilzone (Felder 2d bis 2f) angeschlossen. Die Verweilzeit wird im allgemeinen unter Berücksichtigung von Erfahrungswerten proportional zum Flächengewicht der Ware gewährt. Die Abluftmenge beim Fixierprozeß hängt vom Grad der Verunreinigung der Ware ab und steigt mit zunehmender Verunreinigung.The goods must be warmed from room temperature - (approx. 20 ° C) to fixing temperature (approx. 190 ° C). Since the goods must reach the required temperature right down to the fiber core, a dwell zone (fields 2d to 2f) is generally connected to the actual heating zone (fields 2a to 2c). The dwell time is generally granted taking into account empirical values proportional to the basis weight of the goods. The amount of exhaust air in the fixing process depends on the degree of contamination of the goods and increases with increasing contamination.

In entsprechender Weise zeigt Fig. 3 den Temperaturverlauf in einer Spannmaschine beim Kondensieren einer Warenbahn, d.h. bei der Polymerisation von mit Kunstharzen ausgerüsteten Waren. Der Temperaturverlauf ähnelt dem beim Fixieren. Die Warenbahn wird in einer Aufheizzone (Felder 2a, 2b) von Raumtemperatur auf etwa 200°C erhitzt und verweilt dann längere Zeit (Felder 2c bis 2f) bei dieser Temperatur. Hierbei wird wenig Abluft benötigt.Correspondingly, Fig. 3 shows the temperature profile in a tenter when condensing a web, i.e. in the polymerization of goods finished with synthetic resins. The temperature curve is similar to that when fixing. The material web is heated in a heating zone (fields 2a, 2b) from room temperature to about 200 ° C. and then remains for a longer time (fields 2c to 2f) at this temperature. Little exhaust air is required here.

Wird nun das Fixieren oder Kondensieren einer Warenbahn in einer Spannmaschine nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durchgeführt, so wird vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung als warenspezifischer Kennwert das Flächengewicht der Warenprobe ermittelt.If the fixation or condensation of a material web in a tensioning machine is now carried out according to the method according to the invention, the weight per unit area of the product sample is determined as a product-specific characteristic value before the start of the heat treatment.

Sodann wird unter Berücksichtigung dieses Flächengewichtes errechnet, nach welcher Aufheizzeit die Warenbahn bei vorgegebenen Erwärmungsbedingungen die Fixier-bzw. Kondensiertemperatur erreicht und welche anschließende Verweilzeit bei Fixierbzw. Kondensiertemperatur die Ware benötigt.Then, taking this weight per unit area into account, it is calculated after which heating-up time the web of material has the fixing or. Condensation temperature reached and what subsequent dwell time at Fixierbzw. Condensation temperature the goods needed.

Aus der Aufheizzeit,der Verweilzeit und der vorgegebenen Länge der Fixier-bzw. Kondensierzone wird sodann die Geschwindigkeit der Spannmaschine errechnet und vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung eingestellt.From the heating time, the dwell time and the predetermined length of the fixing or. The speed of the stenter is then calculated in the condensing zone and set before the heat treatment begins.

Während der Wärmebehandlung wird dann als Kenngröße des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens die an einer vorgegebenen Stelle der Fixier-bzw. Kondensierzone, vorzugsweise am Übergang zwischen Aufheizzone und Verweilzone, vorhandene Temperatur der Warenbahn gemessen und mit dem hieraus abgeleiteten Korrektursignal die Geschwindigkeit der Spannmaschine geändert.During the heat treatment, the characteristic value of the heat treatment process is that of the fixing or. Condensing zone, preferably at the transition between the heating zone and the dwell zone, measured the existing temperature of the web and changed the speed of the tensioning machine with the correction signal derived therefrom.

Fig. 4 veranschaulicht schematisch den Temperaturverlauf, wenn in einer Spannmaschine ein Trocknungsund Fixiervorgang in einem Durchlauf nacheinander durchgeführt werden. Das Diagramm entspricht einer Zusammenfassung der Schemata gemäß Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 und bedarf keiner weiteren Erläuterung.FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the temperature profile when a drying and fixing process are carried out in succession in one run in a tensioning machine. The diagram corresponds to a summary of the diagrams according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and requires no further explanation.

Entsprechend zeigt Fig. 5 den Temperaturverlauf, wenn in einer Spannmaschine ein Trocknungs-und Kondensierprozeß im Durchlauf nacheinander durchgeführt werden. Dieses Bild entspricht einer Kombination der Darstellungen in den Fig. 1 und 3.5 shows the temperature profile when a drying and condensing process is carried out in succession in a stenter. This image corresponds to a combination of the representations in FIGS. 1 and 3.

Erfolgt gemäß Fig. 4 bzw. 5 ein Trocknen und anschließendes Fixieren und Kondensieren einer Warenbann in einer Spannmaschine nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, so werden vor Beginn der eigentlichen Wärmebehandlung als warenspezifische Kennwerte das Flächengewicht der Warenprobe sowie der bei vorgegebener Trocknungstemperatur und Abluftfeuchte zu erwartende zeitliche Trocknungsverlauf ermittelt.If, according to FIGS. 4 and 5, drying and subsequent fixing and condensing of a goods spell takes place in a stenter using the method according to the invention, the basis weight of the goods sample and the drying process to be expected at a given drying temperature and exhaust air humidity are to be expected as goods-specific parameters before the actual heat treatment begins determined.

Aus diesen warenspezifischen Kennwerten werden die Trocknungszeit, die Aufheizzeit und die Verweilzeit bei Fixier-bzw. Kondensiertemperatur errechnet. Aus der Summe von Trocknungszeit, Aufheizzeit und Verweilzeit sowie der vorgegebenen Gesamtlänge der Wärmebehandlungszone wird sodann die Geschwindigkeit der Spannmaschine errechnet und vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung eingestellt.The drying time, the heating-up time and the dwell time for fixing or. Condensation temperature calculated. The speed of the stenter is then calculated from the sum of the drying time, the heating-up time and the dwell time and the predetermined total length of the heat treatment zone and is set before the heat treatment begins.

Aus der Trocknungszeit, der Aufheizzeit und der Verweilzeit werden ferner die Längen bzw. die Felderzahl der Trocknungszone, Aufheizzone und Verweilzone sowie die Luftmengen, Luftgeschwindigkeiten und Lufttemperaturen für diese Zonen bestimmt und vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung eingestellt.From the drying time, the heating time and the dwell time, the lengths or the number of fields of the drying zone, heating zone and dwell zone as well as the air quantities, air velocities and air temperatures for these zones are determined and set before the start of the heat treatment.

Während der Wärmebehandlung wird als eine Kenngröße des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens die am Ende der Trocknungszone vorhandene Restfeuchte der Warenbahn, die Temperatur der Warenbahn an einer vorgegebenen Stelle, vorzugsweise im Bereich der Aufheizzone, und/oder die räumliche Stelle, an der sich die Temperatur der Warenbahn merklich ändert, gemessen und mit dem hieraus abgeleiteten Korrektursignal die Geschwindigkeit der Spannmaschine geändert. Als Kenngröße eigenet sich besonders die räumliche Lage des Endes der Trocknungszone, d.h. die Stelle, an der die Warenbahn ihre Restfeuchte aufweist und der Temperaturanstieg der Aufheizzone beginnt.During the heat treatment, the residual moisture of the web at the end of the drying zone, the temperature of the web at a predetermined location, preferably in the area of the heating zone, and / or the spatial location at which the temperature of the web changes markedly is a characteristic of the heat treatment process , measured and with the correction signal derived therefrom changed the speed of the clamping machine. The spatial parameter is particularly suitable Position of the end of the drying zone, ie the point at which the web has its residual moisture and the temperature of the heating zone begins.

Während der Wärmebehandlung wird ferner als weitere Kenngröße des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens die an wenigstens einer vorgegebenen Stelle vorhandene Temperatur der Warenbahn gemessen und mit dem hieraus abgeleiteten Korrektursignal die an dieser Stelle vorhandene Luftmenge, Luftgeschwindigkeit und/oder Lufttemperatur geändert.During the heat treatment, the temperature of the material web present at at least one predetermined point is also measured as a further parameter of the heat treatment method and the amount of air, air speed and / or air temperature present at this point is changed with the correction signal derived therefrom.

Für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann es ferner vorteilhaft sein, wenn als warenspezifische Kenn werte nicht nur der bei vorgegebener Trocknungstemperatur und Abluftfeuchte zu erwartende zeitliche Trocknungsverlauf, sondern auch die bei vorgegebenen Aufheizbedingungen zu erwartende Aufheizgeschwindigkeit anhand einer Warenprobe vor Beginn der eigentlichen Wärmebehandlung ermittelt werden. Man kann mit den so gewonnen warenspezifischen Kennwerten den gesamten Verlauf der beschriebenen Wärmebehandlungsprozesse im voraus ermitteln und an der Spannmaschine entsprechende Voreinstellungen durchführen.For the method according to the invention, it can also be advantageous if, as goods-specific characteristic values, not only the time course of drying to be expected at a given drying temperature and exhaust air humidity, but also the heating-up rate to be expected under given heating conditions are determined on the basis of a sample of goods before the actual heat treatment begins. With the goods-specific characteristic values obtained in this way, the entire course of the heat treatment processes described can be determined in advance and corresponding presettings made on the tenter.

Diese Einstellungen betreffen nicht nur die Maschinengeschwindigkeit, die Luftmengen, Luftgeschwindigkeiten (eingestellt durch die Ventilatordrehzahlen), sondern selbstverständlich auch die prozeßbezogenen Lufttemperaturen in den verschiedenen Bereichen. So wird etwa mit verhältnismäßig niedrigen Temperaturen (um etwa 150°C) getrocknet, um bestimmte Materialeigenschaften zu erzeugen, während das Thermofixieren und Kondensieren bei höheren Temperaturen stattfindet.These settings affect not only the machine speed, the air volumes, air speeds (set by the fan speeds), but of course also the process-related air temperatures in the various areas. For example, drying takes place at relatively low temperatures (around 150 ° C) in order to produce certain material properties, while the heat setting and condensation take place at higher temperatures.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung als warenspezifische Kennwerte nicht nur der bei vorgegebener Trocknungstemperatur und Abluftfeuchte zu erwartende zeitliche Trocknungsverlauf (und im Bedarfsfalle auch das Flächengewicht der Ware), sondern auch labortechnische Krumpfdaten anhand einer Warenprobe ermittelt.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, not only the temporal course of drying to be expected at a given drying temperature and exhaust air humidity (and, if necessary, the basis weight of the goods), but also laboratory-technical shrinkage data are determined on the basis of a goods sample as goods-specific characteristic values.

Damit das Produkt bei Einhaltung einer bestimmten Arbeitsbreite ein gewünschtes Flächengewicht erreicht, muß bei der Wärmebehandlung eine entsprechende Krumpfvorgabe in der Länge gemacht werden, was durch Einstellung unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeiten der vor und hinter der Spannmaschine angeordneten Walzen erfolgt, wobei gleichzeitig das Spannbild der Warenbahn durch Veränderung der Abstände der Kettenschienen der Spannmaschine eingestellt wird.In order for the product to reach a desired basis weight while maintaining a certain working width, a corresponding shrinkage specification must be made in length during the heat treatment, which is done by setting different speeds of the rollers arranged in front of and behind the tensioning machine, while at the same time changing the tension of the web by changing the Spacing of the chain rails of the tensioning machine is set.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden damit zweckmäßig anhand der ermittelten Krumpfdaten die Geschwindigkeiten der vor und hinter der Spannmaschine angeordneten Walzen und/oder die Kettenschienenabstände errechnet und vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung eingestellt.In the method according to the invention, the speeds of the rollers arranged in front of and behind the tensioning machine and / or the spacing between the chain rails are therefore advantageously calculated on the basis of the determined shrinkage data and are set before the heat treatment begins.

Die ermittelten warenspezifischen Kennwerte - (insbesondere der zeitliche Trocknungsverlauf, das Flächengewicht der Ware sowie labortechnische Krumpfdaten) werden bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zusammenfassend dazu herangezogen, um vorzugsweise mit Hilfe eines Rechners die Spannmaschine schon vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung komplett zu konfigurieren. Im einzelnen kann dies bedeuten:

  • Die Lufttemperaturen in den verschiedenen Zonen der Spannmaschine werden prozeßbezogen eingestellt.
  • Die Maschinengeschwindigkeit wird berechnet und vorgewählt.
  • Die Differenzgeschwindigkeiten der Walzen im Maschineneinlauf und Maschinenauslauf werden berechnet und eingestellt.
  • Die Spindeln zur Einstellung des Spannbildes, d.h. die Kettenschienenabstände,werden produktgerecht positioniert.
  • Die Abluftklappen in der Trocknungs-und Fixierzone werden im Hinblick auf den vorgesehenen Prozeß eingestellt.
  • Von den Warenbahntemperatur-Meßwertgebern - (meist Pyrometern) wird zweckmäßig ein geeignetes Meßsystem aus der Aufheizzone ausgewählt; sein Signal wird mathematisch gewichtet auf die Regelung der Maschinengeschwindigkeit zurückgekoppelt.
  • Die Ventilatordrehzahlen werden vorgewählt.
The determined product-specific characteristic values - (in particular the drying process over time, the basis weight of the goods and laboratory-technical shrinkage data) are used in summary in the method according to the invention, in order to preferably completely configure the stentering machine with the help of a computer before the heat treatment begins. In particular, this can mean:
  • The air temperatures in the different zones of the stenter are set according to the process.
  • The machine speed is calculated and preselected.
  • The differential speeds of the rollers in the machine inlet and machine outlet are calculated and set.
  • The spindles for setting the clamping pattern, ie the chain rail spacing, are positioned according to the product.
  • The exhaust air flaps in the drying and fixing zone are adjusted with regard to the intended process.
  • A suitable measuring system from the heating zone is expediently selected from the web temperature sensors (mostly pyrometers); its signal is fed back mathematically weighted to the control of the machine speed.
  • The fan speeds are preselected.

Im Hinblick auf die angestrebte größtmögliche Wirtschaftlichkeit der Betriebsweise bei gleichzeitiger Schonung der Ware werden die Luftgeschwindigkeiten in den einzelnen Bereichen der Spannmaschine zweckmäßig unterschiedlich eingestellt. In einer Zone, in der Wärme auf die Warenbahn zu übertragen ist, insbesondere in der Trocknungs-und Aufheizzone, wird eine hohe Luftgeschwindigkeit, vorzugsweise die für die betreffende Ware größtmögliche Luftgeschwindigkeit, eingestellt. Dagegen wird in einer Zone, in der die Warenbahn ohne wesentliche Wärmeaufnahme auf einer bereits erreichten Temperatur verweilt, eine niedrige, vorzugsweise die zur Konstanthaltung der Temperatur gerade ausreichende Luftgeschwindigkeit eingestellt. Auf diese Weise läßt sich der gesamte Energiebedarf der Spannmaschine minimieren.In view of the desired maximum economy of operation while protecting the goods, the air speeds in the individual areas of the tensioning machine are appropriately set differently. In a zone in which heat is to be transferred to the web, in particular in the drying and heating zone, a high air speed is set, preferably the highest possible air speed for the goods in question. In contrast, in a zone in which the web remains at an already reached temperature without substantial heat absorption, a low temperature level, preferably that for keeping the temperature constant Temperature just set sufficient air speed. In this way, the overall energy requirement of the stenter can be minimized.

In entsprechender Weise wird bei Wahl der Luftgeschwindigkeit auch die Art der zu behandelnden Ware berücksichtigt. So kann ein derbes, unempfindliches Gut grundsätzlich mit wesentlich höheren Luftgeschwindigkeiten als ein sehr empfindliches Flächengebilde (wie etwa Krepp) behandelt werden.In a corresponding manner, the type of goods to be treated is also taken into account when selecting the air speed. For example, a coarse, insensitive material can generally be treated with much higher air velocities than a very sensitive fabric (such as crepe).

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird jedoch nicht nur die Umluft, sondern auch die Abluft der Spannmaschine optimiert.According to the method according to the invention, however, not only the circulating air, but also the exhaust air of the tensioning machine is optimized.

Beim Trocknen einer Warenbahn wird zu diesem Zweck aus dem ermittelten zeitlichen Trocknungsverlauf, der Anfangs-und Restfeuchte der Warenbahn und der vorgegebenen Abluftfeuchte die benötigte Abluftmenge errechnet und vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung eingestellt. Während der Wärmebehandlung wird dann als weitere Kenngröße des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens die Abluftfeuchte gemessen und mit dem hieraus abgeleiteten Korrektursignal die Abluftmenge geändert.For this purpose, when drying a material web, the required amount of exhaust air is calculated from the determined temporal drying process, the initial and residual moisture of the material web and the specified exhaust air humidity and is set before the start of the heat treatment. During the heat treatment, the exhaust air moisture is then measured as a further parameter of the heat treatment method and the exhaust air quantity is changed with the correction signal derived therefrom.

Beim Fixieren oder Kondensieren einer Warenbahn wird als weiterer warenspezifischer Kennwert der Grad der Verunreinigung der Ware (d.h. die Güte der Vorbehandlung), insbesondere die Beladung der Ware mit Spinn-und Spulölen, ermittelt. Aus dem festge stellten Grad der Verunreinigung und dem Flächengewicht der Ware wird als weiterer Parameter des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens die Abluftmenge in der Fixier-bzw. Kondensierzone errechnet und vor Beginn der Wärmebehandlung eingestellt. Während der Wärmebehandlung wird dann als weiterer Kennwert des Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens der Kohlenstoffgehalt der Abluft der Fixier-bzw. Kondensierzone ermittelt und mit dem hieraus abgeleiteten Korrektursignal die Abluftmenge geändert.When a web is fixed or condensed, the degree of contamination of the goods (i.e. the quality of the pretreatment), in particular the loading of the goods with spinning and winding oils, is determined as a further goods-specific characteristic value. From the determined degree of contamination and the basis weight of the goods, the amount of exhaust air in the fixing or. The condensation zone is calculated and set before the start of the heat treatment. During the heat treatment, the carbon content of the exhaust air from the fixing or. Condensation zone determined and the amount of exhaust air changed with the correction signal derived from it.

Claims (11)

  1. Method of drying a length of damp material in the drying zone of a stenter, wherein during the drying treatment of the length of material the residual moisture content of the length of material at the end of the drying zone and/or the temperature of the length of material at a predetermined point are measured as a characteristic quantity of the drying treatment, this characteristic quantity is compared with a predetermined theoretical value and the speed of the stenter is altered by the correction signal derived therefrom, characterised by the following method features:
    a) before the commencement of the drying treatment of the length of material, first of all the timewise progress of the drying to be expected with a predetermined drying temperature and moisture content of the exhaust air is determined as a material-specific characteristic value using a material sample;
    b) then the speed of the stenter to be set is calculated from the timewise progress of the drying to be expected, the predetermined initial and residual moisture content of the length of material and the predetermined length of the drying zone, and this speed is set before the commencement of the drying treatment of the length of material,
  2. Method of fixing or condensing a length of material in the fixing or condensing zone of a stenter, wherein during the fixing or condensing treatment of the length of material the temperature of the length of material at a predetermined point in the fixing or condensing zone is measured as a characteristic quantity for the fixing or condensing treatment, this characteristic quantity is compared with a predetermined theoretical value and the speed of the stenter is altered by the correction signal derived therefrom, characterised by the following method features:
    a) before the commencement of the fixing or condensing treatment of the length of material, first of all the weight per unit area is determined as a material-specific characteristic quantity using a material sample;
    b) then, taking account of this weight per unit area, the heating period after which the length of material reaches the fixing or condensing temperature under the predetermined heating conditions is calculated as well as the subsequent resting period which the length of material requires at the fixing or condensing temperature;
    c) then the speed of the stenter is calculated from the heating period, the resting period and the predetermined length of the fixing or condensing zone and is set before the commencement of the fixing or condensing treatment of the length of material.
  3. Method as claimed in Claims 1 and 2 for drying and subsequent fixing or condensing of a length of material in a stenter, characterised by the following features:
    a) the following are determined as material-specific characteristic values:
    a1) the weight per unit area of the sample
    a2) the timewise progress of the drying to be expected with a predetermined drying temperature and moisture content of the exhaust air are determined as material-specific characteristic quantities;
    b1) the drying time, the heating time and the resting time at the fixing or condensing temperature are calculated from these material-specific characteristic values;
    b2) then the speed of the stenter is calculated from the sum of the drying time, heating time and resting time and the predetermined overall length of the heat treatment zone and is set before the commencement of the heat treatment;
    b3) in addition, the lengths of the drying zone, heating zone and resting zone and the quantities, speeds and temperatures of the air for these zones are determined from the drying time, the heating time and the resting time and are set before the commencement of the heat treatment;
    c1) during the heat treatment the residual moisture content of the length of material at the end of the drying zone, the temperature of the length of material at a predetermined point, preferably in the region of the heating zone, and/or the location at which the temperature of the length of material alters markedly are measured as a characteristic quantity for the heat treatment method and with the correction signal derived therefrom the speed of the stenter is altered;
    c2) during the heat treatment the temperature of the length of material at at least one predetermined point is measured as a further characteristic quantity for the heat treatment method and the quantity, speed and/or temperature of the air at this point is altered by the correction signal derived therefrom.
  4. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that
    a1) the timewise progress of the drying to be expected with a predetermined drying temperature and residual moisture content in the exhaust air
    a2) and the heating speed to be expected with predetermined heating conditions
    are determined as material-specific characteristic values with the aid of a material sample.
  5. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that
    a1) the timewise progress of the drying to be expected with a predetermined drying temperature and residual moisture content of the exhaust air and
    a2) laboratory data, particularly shrinkage data,
    are determined as material-specific characteristic values with the aid of a material sample.
  6. Method as claimed in Claim 5, in which in order to achieve the desired weight per unit area with a predetermined width of the length of material, rollers arranged before and after the stenter are driven at different, adjustable speeds and/or the tensioning layout of the length of material can be set by altering the distances between the chain rails of the stenter, characterised in that
    b1) the speeds of the rollers arranged before and after the stenter
    b2) and/or the distances between the chain rails
    are calculated from the laboratory shrinkage data and are set before the commencement of the heat treatment.
  7. Method as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that in a zone in which heat is to be transferred to the length of material, particularly in the drying and heating zone, a high air speed is set, preferably the highest air speed possible for the material in question.
  8. Method as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that in a zone in which the length of material rests at a temperature which has already been reached without significant heat absorption a low air speed is set, preferably a speed which is just sufficient to keep the temperature constant.
  9. Method as claimed in Claim 1 for drying a length of damp material, characterised by the following further features:
    b1) the quantity of exhaust air required is calculated from the timewise progress of the drying which has been determined, the initial and residual moisture content of the length of material and the predetermined moisture content of the exhaust air, and this quantity is set before the commencement of the heat treatment;
    c1) during the heat treatment the moisture content of the exhaust air is measured as a further characteristic quantity for the method of heat treatment and the quantity of exhaust air is altered by the correction signal derived therefrom.
  10. Method as claimed in Claim 2 for fixing or condensing a length of material, characterised by the following further features:
    a1) the level of impurities in the material, particularly the oil content of the material, is determined as a further material-specific characteristic value;
    b3) from the level of impurities which is established and the weight per unit area of the material the quantity of exhaust air in the fixing or condensing zone is calculated as a further parameter for the heat treatment method and is set before the commencement of the heat treatment;
    c1) during the heat treatment the carbon content of the exhaust air from the fixing or condensing zone is determined as a further characteristic value for the method of heat treatment and with the correction signal derived therefrom the quantity of exhaust air is altered.
  11. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that
    a1) the timewise progress of the drying to be expected with the predetermined drying temperature and moisture content of the exhaust air,
    a2) the heating speed to be expected under the predetermined heating conditions
    a3) and laboratory data, particularly shrinkage data,
    are determined as material-specific characteristic values with the aid of a material sample.
EP86117586A 1986-03-17 1986-12-17 Process for the heat treatment of a web in a stenter device Expired - Lifetime EP0237642B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3608902 1986-03-17
DE19863608902 DE3608902A1 (en) 1986-03-17 1986-03-17 METHOD FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF A MATERIAL IN A TENSING MACHINE

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EP0237642A2 EP0237642A2 (en) 1987-09-23
EP0237642A3 EP0237642A3 (en) 1988-07-27
EP0237642B1 true EP0237642B1 (en) 1994-07-06

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EP (1) EP0237642B1 (en)
AT (1) AT387041B (en)
DE (2) DE3608902A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2056788T3 (en)

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US6037281A (en) 1996-12-27 2000-03-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Cloth-like, liquid-impervious, breathable composite barrier fabric

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2056788T3 (en) 1994-10-16
EP0237642A2 (en) 1987-09-23
DE3689953D1 (en) 1994-08-11
AT387041B (en) 1988-11-25
EP0237642A3 (en) 1988-07-27
ATA198187A (en) 1988-04-15
US4829680A (en) 1989-05-16
DE3608902A1 (en) 1987-09-24

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