EP0238031A2 - Device for electrostatically coating objects - Google Patents

Device for electrostatically coating objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0238031A2
EP0238031A2 EP87103818A EP87103818A EP0238031A2 EP 0238031 A2 EP0238031 A2 EP 0238031A2 EP 87103818 A EP87103818 A EP 87103818A EP 87103818 A EP87103818 A EP 87103818A EP 0238031 A2 EP0238031 A2 EP 0238031A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
charging electrodes
spray head
face
charging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87103818A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0238031A3 (en
EP0238031B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Behr
Kurt Vetter
Rolf Schneider
Fred Luderer
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Mahle Behr Industry GmbH and Co KG
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Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0426—Means for supplying shaping gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0403—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a device for example for coating vehicle body shells, in which, in contrast to conventional systems, instead of the spray head, only one arrangement of external electrodes is placed at high voltage potential, is known to have significant advantages when using highly conductive spray materials, such as so-called water-based paints (see DE-OS 34 29 075). In particular, significant insulation problems are avoided since the entire paint line system can be grounded up to the spray head.
  • the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 should only have two, three or at most four charging electrodes, each in embedded a plastic holder protruding radially from the outer housing of the spray head and projecting axially in the direction of the object to be coated.
  • Each of these holders contains a high-voltage cable leading to its respective electrode and is firmly connected at the rear end to a ring body which is also made of plastic and is placed on the outer housing.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a coating device with external electrodes, which avoids contamination of the spraying device and the electrode holder arrangement as far as possible with good application efficiency.
  • a uniform spray pattern should preferably be ensured for the object to be coated.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that the problems resulting from the use of highly conductive coating materials (as described in the aforementioned DE-OS 34 29 075) also result from the distribution of a relatively large number of charging electrodes Have the spray head detached if there is sufficient mutual insulation between the electrode tips on the outside of the electrode holder. The insulation would be reduced by a substantial precipitation of the conductive coating material on the end face of the ring body forming the electrode holder, which would result in a sudden drop in the field strength at the electrode tips and thus a further increase in contamination.
  • the device shown contains a spray device in the form of a rotary atomizer 1 of the known bell type, the bell plate 2 forming the spray head of which can preferably be driven by an air turbine at high speed.
  • a line (not shown) that feeds the paint or other coating material from a supply system to the bell cup 2 runs along the axis of the spray device. With this line, which is formed, for example, by an earthed metal tube, the entire conductive coating material, such as water-based paint or the like, is at earth potential up to the spraying edge 6 of the bell cup 2.
  • the object to be coated (not shown), such as, for example, a part of a vehicle body, which is arranged at an axial distance in front of the bell plate 2, is also at earth potential.
  • the spray device can have an outer housing 7 made of an insulating plastic.
  • needle-shaped charging electrodes 10 are provided in the example shown on a circle concentric to the axis of the spraying device with a diameter of about 400 mm at uniform angular intervals.
  • the charging electrodes 10 are embedded axially parallel with their central main part in a circular ring body 20 made of insulating material, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the front end (tip) of the electrodes is exposed in a depression 22 in the end face 21 of the ring body 20 facing the object to be coated.
  • the depression 22 opens outward at an angle which is more than 90 ° (for example about 120 °) should be, which among other things any necessary cleaning of the electrode tips is facilitated.
  • the rear ends of the charging electrodes 10 are connected in an electrically conductive manner to a conductor 12 made of wire or wire mesh, which interconnects all electrodes in a ring shape and which is to be completely enclosed in the interior of the ring body 20 for electrical insulation.
  • the ring body 20 is fastened by two spokes 24, which are also made of insulating material and which protrude radially from an insulating material ring 26 placed on the outer housing 7, but preferably obliquely inclined in the direction of the object to be coated. Different shaped and arranged spokes can also be provided.
  • the ring body 20, the spokes 24 and the ring 26 can be formed in one piece or connected to one another.
  • a clamping screw 29 can be used for fastening to the outer housing 7.
  • a high-voltage cable 14 leads through an outer connecting part 28, the ring 26 and one of the tubular spokes 24 and is connected to the conductor 12 connecting the charging electrodes 10 via a contact arrangement 16 provided at the (in FIG. 1 upper) end of the memory 24.
  • the high voltage potential thus applied to the electrodes can be, for example, 60 to 80 kV or more.
  • the contact arrangement 16 can e.g. contain a compression spring 17 and a screwed against the conductor 12 contact pin 18.
  • An advantage of the device described here is therefore that only a single high-voltage cable is required for the electrical connection of the outer electrodes, while in the known device with electrodes located in their own holders, each of them has a separate cable which leads outside the holder to the each other cables must be coupled together at a connection point.
  • the number of charging electrodes 10 is of course not limited to the example chosen here, but should be chosen so that there is a sufficiently small distance between the electrodes to avoid a risk of contamination from the coating material on the front end face of the ring body 20. With a pitch circle diameter of the electrodes of 400 mm, between about 18 and 30 electrodes should be used. With significantly fewer charging electrodes, one would find a substantial coating of the end face 21, that is to say conductively connecting the electrodes outside of the insulating ring body 20, with the sequence explained at the beginning of an increase in further contamination of the coating device, while more than 30 electrodes in this example without noteworthy further improvement of the electric field would only increase the structural effort.
  • the distance between the electrode tips should accordingly be between approximately 40 and 70 mm.
  • the radially measured distance of the electrode tips from the spray edge 6, as in the known device, should be greater than twice the diameter (here approximately 70 mm) of the spray edge.
  • a currently preferred range of possible pitch circle diameters of the electrodes 10 is approximately 350 to 450 mm.
  • the axial position of the electrode tips with respect to the plane of the spraying edge 6 is also important for the risk of contamination.
  • the electrode tips are to be set back a certain distance behind the spraying edge 6 in the axial direction. This distance is chosen so that there is a usable compromise between the charging of the sprayed coating material, which improves with decreasing distance, and, at the same time, increasing pollution, particularly of the bell cup 2 and the atomizer or its housing.
  • axially measured distances between 25 and 60 mm and preferably about 50 mm have proven to be useful.
  • the front ends of the charging electrodes should be set back axially by less than 1/3 of the distance of the electrode tips from the spraying edge 6 measured in the radial direction behind the plane of the spraying edge.
  • an electrically conductive connection between the charging electrodes outside the ring body 20 which forms their holder is to be avoided by coating with conductive material (water-based paint).
  • conductive material water-based paint
  • a first additional measure is to increase the "leakage current" or surface path between the electrode tips.
  • These pins 31 can be used with their rear ends in the ring body 20 Ring or molded.
  • the electrodes 10 ⁇ are exposed with their front end in a depression similar to the depression 22 in the front pin end, while at the rear end they are connected to a connecting conductor 12 ⁇ as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 Another additional measure consists, according to FIGS. 4 and 5, in the interior of the annular body 20 ⁇ in addition to the connecting conductor to form an annular fluid channel 35 under fluid pressure, from which axially opening fluid openings 36 to the outside towards the end face 21 ⁇ Guide ring body 20 ⁇ between the charging electrodes 10 ⁇ .
  • the fluid, preferably air, flowing out of the openings 36 keeps the coating material away from the end face.
  • the connection of the fluid channel 35 to an external compressed air or other fluid source indicated by arrow 37 in FIG. 1 can lead through one of the spokes 24, expediently through the one in which the high-voltage cable 14 is not located.

Abstract

In der für die Verwendung sogenannter Wasserlacke oder eines anderen, ähnlich leitfähigen Beschichtungsmaterials geeigneten Vorrichtung wird das die versprühten Partikel aufladende elektrische Feld zwischen der geerdeten Absprühkante (6) eines Glockenzerstäubers (1) und einer größeren Anzahl von Außenelektroden (10) erzeugt, die in einen Ringkörper (20) aus Isoliermaterial eingesetzt sind.

Figure imgaf001
In the device suitable for the use of so-called water-based paints or another, similarly conductive coating material, the electrical field charging the sprayed particles is generated between the grounded spray edge (6) of a bell atomizer (1) and a larger number of outer electrodes (10), which are integrated into one Ring body (20) made of insulating material are used.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige, beispielsweise zum Beschichten von Fahrzeugrohkarossen dienende Vorrichtung, bei der im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Systemen statt des Sprühkopfes nur eine Anordnung von Außenelektroden auf Hochspannungs­potential gelegt wird, hat bekanntlich wesentliche Vorteile bei Verwendung hochleitfähiger Sprühstoffe wie namentlich der sogenannten Wasserlacke (vgl. DE-OS 34 29 075). Insbesondere werden erhebliche Isolationsprobleme vermieden, da das gesamte Lackleitungssystem bis zum Sprühkopf geerdet werden kann.Such a device, for example for coating vehicle body shells, in which, in contrast to conventional systems, instead of the spray head, only one arrangement of external electrodes is placed at high voltage potential, is known to have significant advantages when using highly conductive spray materials, such as so-called water-based paints (see DE-OS 34 29 075). In particular, significant insulation problems are avoided since the entire paint line system can be grounded up to the spray head.

Bei einer derartigen Vorrichtung mit Außenelektroden ist es jedoch äußerst schwierig, im Betrieb bei gutem Auftragungs­wirkungsgrad, der von einer guten Aufladung des abgesprühten Beschichtungsmaterials abhängt, eine Verschmutzung der Sprüheinrichtung, der Elektroden und des Elektrodenhalters durch das Beschichtungsmaterial zu vermeiden. Eine Verschmutzung des Elektrodenbereiches hat einen Leistungsabfall, d.h. geringeren Wirkungsgrad zur Folge, was wiederum die Neigung zu noch stärkerer Verschmutzung durch das abgesprühte Material weiter verstärkt. Die aus der DE-OS 34 29 075 bekannte Vorrichtung soll aus diesem Grund nur zwei, drei oder allenfalls vier Aufladeelektroden haben, die in je einem radial vom Außengehäuse des Sprühkopfes abstehenden und axial in Richtung zum zu beschichtenden Gegenstand vorspringenden Halter aus Kunststoff eingebettet sind. Jeder dieser Halter enthält ein zu seiner jeweiligen Elektrode führendes Hochspannungskabel und ist am hinteren Ende fest mit einem auf das Außengehäuse aufgesetzten, ebenfalls aus Kunststoff bestehenden Ringkörper verbunden. Obwohl sich diese Konstruktion in der Praxis bereits bewährt hat, konnten bei gewissen Betriebsbedingungen noch nicht alle Schwierigkeiten hinsichtlich der erwähnten Verschmutzungsgefahr vermieden werden. Außerdem besteht bei der verlangten Beschränkung auf höchstens vier Außenelektroden die Gefahr ungleichmäßiger "Sprühbilder" infolge einer Beschichtungskonzentration im Bereich der Elektroden.In such a device with external electrodes, however, it is extremely difficult to avoid contamination of the spray device, the electrodes and the electrode holder by the coating material during operation with good application efficiency, which depends on a good charge of the sprayed coating material. Contamination of the electrode area results in a drop in performance, ie lower efficiency, which in turn further increases the tendency towards even greater contamination by the sprayed-off material. For this reason, the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 should only have two, three or at most four charging electrodes, each in embedded a plastic holder protruding radially from the outer housing of the spray head and projecting axially in the direction of the object to be coated. Each of these holders contains a high-voltage cable leading to its respective electrode and is firmly connected at the rear end to a ring body which is also made of plastic and is placed on the outer housing. Although this design has already proven itself in practice, under certain operating conditions it has not yet been possible to avoid all the difficulties with regard to the risk of contamination mentioned. In addition, if the restriction to a maximum of four outer electrodes is required, there is a risk of uneven "spray patterns" due to a coating concentration in the area of the electrodes.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Beschichtungsvorrichtung mit Außenelektroden zu schaffen, die bei gutem Auftragungswirkungsgrad eine Verschmutzung der Sprühvorrichtung und der Elektrodenhalteranordnung soweit wie möglich vermeidet. Vorzugsweise soll bei dem zu beschichtenden Gegenstand ein gleichmäßiges Sprühbild gewährleistet sein.The invention has for its object to provide a coating device with external electrodes, which avoids contamination of the spraying device and the electrode holder arrangement as far as possible with good application efficiency. A uniform spray pattern should preferably be ensured for the object to be coated.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Vorrichtung gelöst.This object is achieved by the device characterized in claim 1.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der überraschenden Erkenntnis, daß sich die aus der Verwendung hochleitfähiger Beschichtungs­materialien ergebenden Probleme (wie sie in der erwähnten DE-OS 34 29 075 geschildert sind)auch durch Verteilung einer relativ großen Anzahl von Aufladeelektroden um den Sprühkopf lösen lassen, falls für eine ausreichende gegenseitige Isolierung der Elektrodenspitzen an der Außenseite des Elektrodenhalters gesorgt ist. Die Isolierung würde durch einen wesentlichen Niederschlag des leitfähigen Beschichtungsmaterials auf der Stirnfläche des den Elektrodenhalter bildenden Ringkörpers herabgesetzt, was ein sprunghaftes Absinken der Feldstärke an den Elektrodenspitzen und damit noch weiter zunehmende Verschmutzung zur Folge hätte. Es wurde festgestellt, daß bei elektrisch leitender Verschmutzung des ringförmigen Elektrodenhalters zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen das Beschichtungsmaterial kaum noch oder wenigstens unregelmäßig zu dem zu beschichtenden Gegenstand wandern, sondern vorwiegend die Vorrichtung selbst beschichten würde; dasselbe würde für die Verwendung eines metallischen Halteringkörpers für die Elektroden gelten . Andererseits sinkt aber die Gefahr einer Verschmutzung des Ringkörpers nicht etwa mit dem gegenseitigen Abstand der Aufladeelektroden, sondern es ist im Gegenteil eine vom Durchmesser des Ringkörpers abhängige Mindestanzahl von Elektroden erforderlich (was möglicherweise mit dem Erfordernis eines ausreichenden elektrischen Feldes zusammenhängt). Beispielsweise sollen im Falle eines Durchmessers des die Elektrodenenden enthaltenden Kreises von etwa 400 mm mindestens achtzehn Elektroden vorhanden sein, was in diesem Fall einem gegenseitigen Abstand von höchstens 70 mm entspricht, falls keine besonderen zusätzlichen Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung einer Verschmutzung vorgesehen sind.The invention is based on the surprising finding that the problems resulting from the use of highly conductive coating materials (as described in the aforementioned DE-OS 34 29 075) also result from the distribution of a relatively large number of charging electrodes Have the spray head detached if there is sufficient mutual insulation between the electrode tips on the outside of the electrode holder. The insulation would be reduced by a substantial precipitation of the conductive coating material on the end face of the ring body forming the electrode holder, which would result in a sudden drop in the field strength at the electrode tips and thus a further increase in contamination. It was found that if the annular electrode holder between the electrode tips was contaminated in an electrically conductive manner, the coating material scarcely or at least irregularly migrated to the object to be coated, but would mainly coat the device itself; the same would apply to the use of a metallic retaining ring body for the electrodes. On the other hand, the risk of contamination of the ring body does not decrease with the mutual spacing of the charging electrodes, on the contrary, a minimum number of electrodes which is dependent on the diameter of the ring body is required (which may be related to the requirement of a sufficient electric field). For example, in the case of a diameter of the circle containing the electrode ends of approximately 400 mm, there should be at least eighteen electrodes, which in this case corresponds to a mutual distance of at most 70 mm, if no special additional measures to prevent contamination are provided.

An einem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Erfindung im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung in verkleinerter, aber maßstabgetreuer Darstellung;
  • Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 , vom zu beschichtenden Gegenstand her gesehen; und
  • Fig.3-5 zwei verschiedene Abwandlungen am Ringkörper der Vorrichtung.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a side view of the device in a reduced but true to scale representation.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the device according to FIG. 1, seen from the object to be coated; and
  • Fig.3-5 two different modifications to the ring body of the device.

Gemäß Fig. 1 enthält die dargestellte Vorrichtung eine Sprühvorrichtung in Form eines Rotationszerstäubers 1 des bekannten Glockentyps, dessen den Sprühkopf bildender Glockenteller 2 vorzugsweise von einer Luftturbine mit hoher Drehzahl angetrieben werden kann. Längs der Achse der Sprühvorrichtung verläuft eine das Lack- oder sonstige Beschichtungsmaterial von einem Vorratssystm dem Glockenteller 2 zuführende Leitung (nicht dargestellt). Mit dieser beispielsweise durch ein geerdetes Metallrohr gebildeten Leitung liegt das gesamte leitende Beschichtungsmaterial wie Wasserlack oder dgl. bis zur Absprühkante 6 des Glockentellers 2 auf Erdpotential.1, the device shown contains a spray device in the form of a rotary atomizer 1 of the known bell type, the bell plate 2 forming the spray head of which can preferably be driven by an air turbine at high speed. A line (not shown) that feeds the paint or other coating material from a supply system to the bell cup 2 runs along the axis of the spray device. With this line, which is formed, for example, by an earthed metal tube, the entire conductive coating material, such as water-based paint or the like, is at earth potential up to the spraying edge 6 of the bell cup 2.

Ebenfalls auf Erdpotential liegt der zu beschichtende Gegenstand (nicht dargestellt), wie beispielsweise ein Teil einer Fahrzeugkarosse, der in einem axialen Abstand vor dem Glockenteller 2 angeordnet wird.The object to be coated (not shown), such as, for example, a part of a vehicle body, which is arranged at an axial distance in front of the bell plate 2, is also at earth potential.

Die Sprüheinrichtung kann ein Außengehäuse 7 aus einem isolierenden Kunststoff aufweisen.The spray device can have an outer housing 7 made of an insulating plastic.

Zum Aufladen des von der Absprühkante 6 weitgehend radial abgesprühten Beschichtungsmaterials sind bei dem dargestellten Beispiel auf einem zur Achse der Sprüheinrichtung konzentrischen Kreis mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 400 mm in gleichmäßigen Winkelabständen 30 nadelförmige Aufladeelektroden 10 vorgesehen. Die Aufladeelektroden 10 sind achsparallel liegend mit ihrem mittleren Hauptteil in einem kreisförmigen Ringkörper 20 aus Isolierwerkstoff eingebettet, wie in Fig. 1 erkennbar ist. Das vordere Ende (Spitze) der Elektroden befindet sich freiliegend in einer Einsenkung 22 in der dem zu beschichtenden Gegenstand zugewandten Stirnfläche 21 des Ringkörpers 20. Die Einsenkung 22 öffnet sich nach außen mit einem Winkel, der mehr als 90° (beispielsweise etwa 120° )betragen soll, wodurch u.a. eine ggf. erforderliche Reinigung der Elektrodenspitzen erleichtert wird. Die hintereren Enden der Aufladeelektroden 10 sind elektrisch leitend an einen ringförmig alle Elektroden miteinander verbindenden Leiter 12 aus Draht oder Drahtgeflecht angeschlossen, der zur elektrischen Isolierung vollständig im Inneren des Ringkörpers 20 eingeschlossen sein soll.To charge the coating material sprayed largely radially from the spraying edge 6, 30 needle-shaped charging electrodes 10 are provided in the example shown on a circle concentric to the axis of the spraying device with a diameter of about 400 mm at uniform angular intervals. The charging electrodes 10 are embedded axially parallel with their central main part in a circular ring body 20 made of insulating material, as can be seen in FIG. 1. The front end (tip) of the electrodes is exposed in a depression 22 in the end face 21 of the ring body 20 facing the object to be coated. The depression 22 opens outward at an angle which is more than 90 ° (for example about 120 °) should be, which among other things any necessary cleaning of the electrode tips is facilitated. The rear ends of the charging electrodes 10 are connected in an electrically conductive manner to a conductor 12 made of wire or wire mesh, which interconnects all electrodes in a ring shape and which is to be completely enclosed in the interior of the ring body 20 for electrical insulation.

Am Außengehäuse 7 der Sprühvorrichtunng ist der Ringkörper 20 durch zwei ebenfalls aus isolierendem Werkstoff bestehende Speichen 24 befestigt, die von einem auf das Außengehäuse 7 aufgesetzten Ring 26 aus Isolierwerkstoff radial, vorzugsweise jedoch in Richtung zum zu beschichtenden Gegenstand schräg vorgeneigt abstehen. Es können auch anders geformte und angeordnete Speichen vorgesehen sein. Der Ringkörper 20, die Speichen 24 und der Ring 26 können einstückig geformt oder miteinander verbunden sein. Zur Befestigung am Außengehäuse 7 kann eine Klemmschraube 29 dienen.On the outer housing 7 of the spraying device, the ring body 20 is fastened by two spokes 24, which are also made of insulating material and which protrude radially from an insulating material ring 26 placed on the outer housing 7, but preferably obliquely inclined in the direction of the object to be coated. Different shaped and arranged spokes can also be provided. The ring body 20, the spokes 24 and the ring 26 can be formed in one piece or connected to one another. A clamping screw 29 can be used for fastening to the outer housing 7.

Durch ein äußeres Anschlußteil 28, den Ring 26 und eine der rohrförmigen Speichen 24 führt ein Hochspannungskabel 14, das über eine am (in Fig. 1 oberen) Ende der Speicher 24 vorgesehene Kontaktanordnung 16 an den die Aufladeelektroden 10 verbindenden Leiter 12 angeschlossen ist. Das damit an die Elektroden angelegte Hochspannungspotential kann beispielsweise 60 bis 80 kV oder mehr betragen. Darstellungsgemäß kann die Kontaktanordnung 16 z.B. eine Druckfeder 17 und einen gegen den Leiter 12 geschraubten Kontaktbolzen 18 enthalten. Ein Vorteil der hier beschriebenen Vorrichtung besteht also darin, daß zum elektrischen Anschluß der Außenelektroden nur ein einziges Hochspannungskabel erforderlich ist, während bei der bekannten Vorrichtung mit in jeweils eigenen Haltern befindlichen Elektroden zu jeder von ihnen ein gesondertes Kabel führt, das außerhalb der Halter mit den jeweils anderen Kabeln an einer Verbindungsstelle zusammengekoppelt werden muß.A high-voltage cable 14 leads through an outer connecting part 28, the ring 26 and one of the tubular spokes 24 and is connected to the conductor 12 connecting the charging electrodes 10 via a contact arrangement 16 provided at the (in FIG. 1 upper) end of the memory 24. The high voltage potential thus applied to the electrodes can be, for example, 60 to 80 kV or more. As shown, the contact arrangement 16 can e.g. contain a compression spring 17 and a screwed against the conductor 12 contact pin 18. An advantage of the device described here is therefore that only a single high-voltage cable is required for the electrical connection of the outer electrodes, while in the known device with electrodes located in their own holders, each of them has a separate cable which leads outside the holder to the each other cables must be coupled together at a connection point.

Die Anzahl der Aufladeelektroden 10 ist selbstverständlich nicht auf das hier gewählte Beispiel beschränkt, soll aber so gewählt werden, daß sich ein zur Vermeidung einer Verschmutzungsgefahr durch das Beschichtungsmaterial auf der vorderen Stirnfläche des Ringkörpers 20 ausreichend geringer Abstand zwischen den Elektroden ergibt. Bei einem Teilkreisdurchmesser der Elektroden von 400 mm sollen zwischen etwa 18 und 30 Elektroden verwendet werden. Bei wesentlich weniger Aufladeelektroden würde man eine wesentliche, d.h. die Elektroden außerhalb des isolierenden Ringkörpers 20 leitend verbindende Beschichtung der Stirnfläche 21 mit der eingangs erläuterten Folge sprunghaft zunehmender weiterer Verschmutzung der Beschichtungsvorrichtung feststellen, während mehr als 30 Elektroden bei diesem Beispiel ohne nennenswerte weitere Verbesserung des elektrischen Feldes nur noch den baulichen Aufwand erhöhen würden. Wenn man einen kleineren oder größeren Teilkreisdurchmesser für die Elektroden wählt, ist deren mögliche Mindestanzahl in entsprechendem Maße zu verkleinern bzw. zu vergrößern. In einem relativ großen Bereich von Teilkreisdurchmessern um den Wert von 400 mm des hier beschriebenen Beispiels soll dementsprechend der Abstand zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen zwischen etwa 40 und 70 mm betragen.The number of charging electrodes 10 is of course not limited to the example chosen here, but should be chosen so that there is a sufficiently small distance between the electrodes to avoid a risk of contamination from the coating material on the front end face of the ring body 20. With a pitch circle diameter of the electrodes of 400 mm, between about 18 and 30 electrodes should be used. With significantly fewer charging electrodes, one would find a substantial coating of the end face 21, that is to say conductively connecting the electrodes outside of the insulating ring body 20, with the sequence explained at the beginning of an increase in further contamination of the coating device, while more than 30 electrodes in this example without noteworthy further improvement of the electric field would only increase the structural effort. If you choose a smaller or larger pitch circle diameter for the electrodes, their possible minimum number must be reduced or enlarged accordingly. In a relatively large range of pitch circle diameters around the value of 400 mm of the example described here, the distance between the electrode tips should accordingly be between approximately 40 and 70 mm.

Der radial gemessene Abstand der Elektrodenspitzen von der Absprühkante 6 soll, wie bei der bekannten Vorrichtung, größer sein als das Doppelte des Durchmessers (hier ungefähr 70 mm) der Absprühkante. Ein derzeit bevorzugter Bereich möglicher Teilkreisdurchmesser der Elektroden 10 beträgt etwa 350 bis 450 mm.The radially measured distance of the electrode tips from the spray edge 6, as in the known device, should be greater than twice the diameter (here approximately 70 mm) of the spray edge. A currently preferred range of possible pitch circle diameters of the electrodes 10 is approximately 350 to 450 mm.

Von Bedeutung für die Verschmutzungsgefahr ist auch die axiale Position der Elektrodenspitzen bezüglich der Ebene der Absprühkante 6. Wie bei der bekannten Vorrichtung sollen bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform die Elektrodenspitzen in Axialrichtung um einen gewissen Abstand hinter die Absprühkante 6 zurückgesetzt sein. Dieser Abstand wird so gewählt, daß sich ein brauchbarer Kompromiß zwischen der mit abnehmendem Abstand besser werdenden Aufladung des abgesprühten Beschichtungsmaterials und einer zugleich stärker werdenden Verschmutzung insbesondere des Glockentellers 2 und des Zerstäubers bzw. seines Gehäuses ergibt. Bei dem dargestellten Beispiel haben sich axial gemessene Abstände zwischen 25 und 60 mm und vorzugsweise etwa 50 mm als brauchbar erwiesen. Generell gilt, daß die vorderen Enden der Aufladeelektroden axial um weniger als 1/3 des in radialer Richtung gemessenen Abstandes der Elektrodenspitzen von der Absprühkante 6 hinter die Ebene der Absprühkante zurückgesetzt sein sollen.The axial position of the electrode tips with respect to the plane of the spraying edge 6 is also important for the risk of contamination. As in the known device, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 the electrode tips are to be set back a certain distance behind the spraying edge 6 in the axial direction. This distance is chosen so that there is a usable compromise between the charging of the sprayed coating material, which improves with decreasing distance, and, at the same time, increasing pollution, particularly of the bell cup 2 and the atomizer or its housing. In the example shown, axially measured distances between 25 and 60 mm and preferably about 50 mm have proven to be useful. In general, the front ends of the charging electrodes should be set back axially by less than 1/3 of the distance of the electrode tips from the spraying edge 6 measured in the radial direction behind the plane of the spraying edge.

Wie schon erläutert wurde, soll erfindungsgemäß eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den Aufladeelektroden außerhalb des ihren Halter bildenden Ringkörpers 20 durch Beschichtung mit leitfähigem Material (Wasserlack) vermieden werden. Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten einfachen Ausführungsform läßt sich dies bereits weitgehend durch eine entsprechende Mindestanzahl von Elektroden bzw. die Begrenzung ihres Abstandes auf einen Höchstwert erreichen. Es kann jedoch zweckmäßig sein, zur Vermeidung der unerwünschten Beschichtung noch zusätzliche Maßnahmen vorzusehen.As has already been explained, according to the invention, an electrically conductive connection between the charging electrodes outside the ring body 20 which forms their holder is to be avoided by coating with conductive material (water-based paint). In the simple embodiment shown in FIG. 1, this can already be largely achieved by a corresponding minimum number of electrodes or the limitation of their distance to a maximum value. However, it may be advisable to take additional measures to avoid the undesired coating.

Eine erste zusätzliche Maßnahme ist eine Vergrößerung des "Kriechstrom"- oder Oberflächenwegs zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen. Zu diesem Zweck kann man z.B. gemäß Fig. 3 längere nadelförmige Elektroden 10ʹ in je einen fingerartig von der Stirnfläche 21ʹ des Ringkörpers 20ʹ axial in Richtung zum zu beschichtenden Gegenstand vorspringenden Zapfen 31 aus Isoliermaterial einbetten oder jedenfalls einschließen. Diese Zapfen 31 können zweckmäßig mit ihren hinteren Enden in den Ringkörper 20ʹ eingesetzt oder auch angeformt sein. Die Elektroden 10ʹ liegen mit ihrem vorderen Ende in einer der Einsenkung 22 ähnlichen Einsenkung im vorderen Zapfenende frei, während sie am hinteren Ende wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 an einem Verbindungsleiter 12ʹ angeschlossen sind.A first additional measure is to increase the "leakage current" or surface path between the electrode tips. For this purpose one can e.g. 3 embed longer needle-shaped electrodes 10ʹ in a finger-like projection 31 made of insulating material axially projecting from the end face 21ʹ of the ring body 20ʹ in the direction of the object to be coated, or in any case enclose it. These pins 31 can be used with their rear ends in the ring body 20 Ring or molded. The electrodes 10ʹ are exposed with their front end in a depression similar to the depression 22 in the front pin end, while at the rear end they are connected to a connecting conductor 12ʹ as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.

Eine andere zusätzliche Maßnahme besteht darin, gemäß Fig. 4 und 5 im Inneren des Ringkörpers 20ʺ neben dem Verbindungsleiter einen ringförmigen, unter Fluiddruck stehenden Fluidkanal 35 auszubilden, aus dem axial mündende Fluidöffnungen 36 nach außen zu der Stirnfläche 21ʺ des Ringkörpers 20ʺ zwischen den Aufladeelektroden 10ʺ führen. Das aus den Öffnungen 36 ausströmende Fluid, vorzugsweise Luft, hält das Beschichtungsmaterial von der Stirnfläche fern. Der Anschluß des Fluidkanals 35 an eine durch Pfeil 37 in Fig. 1 angedeutete äußere Druckluft- oder sonstige Fluidquelle kann durch eine der Speichen 24 führen, zweckmäßig durch diejenige, in der sich nicht das Hochspannungskabel 14 befindet.Another additional measure consists, according to FIGS. 4 and 5, in the interior of the annular body 20ʺ in addition to the connecting conductor to form an annular fluid channel 35 under fluid pressure, from which axially opening fluid openings 36 to the outside towards the end face 21ʺ Guide ring body 20ʺ between the charging electrodes 10ʺ. The fluid, preferably air, flowing out of the openings 36 keeps the coating material away from the end face. The connection of the fluid channel 35 to an external compressed air or other fluid source indicated by arrow 37 in FIG. 1 can lead through one of the spokes 24, expediently through the one in which the high-voltage cable 14 is not located.

Claims (10)

1. Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Beschichten von Gegenständen mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material,

mit einer Sprüheinrichtung, insbesondere einem Rotationszerstäuber;

mit einem den Sprühkopf halternden Außengehäuse;

mit einer das Beschichtungsmaterial von einem
Vorratssystem einer Absprühkante am Sprühkopf zuführenden Leitung, die mit dem Material bis in den Sprühkopf auf Erdpotential gelegt wird;

mit radial um den Sprühkopf auf einem zur Sprühkopfachse konzentrischen Kreis mit gleichmäßigen gegenseitigen Winkelabständen verteilten nadelförmigen Aufladeelektroden, die zum Aufladen des Beschichtungs­materials und zum Erzeugen eines elektrischen Feldes an eine Hochspannungsquelle angeschlossen werden,

wobei der radiale Abstand der dem zu beschichtenden Gegenstand zugewandten vorderen Enden der Aufladeelektroden von der Absprühkante größer ist als der doppelte Durchmesser der Absprühkante;

und mit einer Elektrodenhalteranordnung aus Isoliermaterial, in welche die Aufladeelektroden mit Ausnahme ihrer vorderen Enden eingeschlossen sind, und welche wenigstens eine radial von dem Außengehäuse des Sprühkopfes abstehende Stütze hat,

dadurch gekennzeichnet,

daß die Aufladeelektroden (10) in einen das Außengehäuse (7) des Sprühkopfes mit Abstand umgebenden Ringkörper (20) aus Isoliermaterial eingesetzt sind,

in dem ein die Aufladeelektroden (10) ringartig miteinander verbindender, an die Hochspannungsleitung (14) angeschlossener elektrischer Leiter (12) gegen die dem zu beschichtenden Gegenstand zugewandte Stirnfläche (21) des Ringkörpers (20) isoliert angeordnet ist,

und daß die Anordnung und der gegenseitige Abstand der Aufladeelektroden (10) so gewählt sind, daß im Betrieb kein wesentlicher Niederschlag von Beschichtungsmaterial auf der Stirnfläche (21) des Ringkörpers (20) erfolgt.1. Device for electrostatically coating objects with an electrically conductive material,

with a spray device, in particular a rotary atomizer;

with an outer housing holding the spray head;

with a the coating material of one
Storage system of a spraying edge on the line supplying the spray head, which is placed with the material into the spray head at earth potential;

with needle-shaped charging electrodes distributed radially around the spray head on a circle concentric to the spray head axis with uniform mutual angular distances, which are connected to a high voltage source for charging the coating material and for generating an electric field,

wherein the radial distance of the front ends of the charging electrodes facing the object to be coated is greater than twice the diameter of the spraying edge;

and with an electrode holder arrangement made of insulating material, in which the charging electrodes are enclosed with the exception of their front ends and which has at least one support projecting radially from the outer housing of the spray head,

characterized,

that the charging electrodes (10) are inserted into an annular body (20) made of insulating material which surrounds the outer housing (7) of the spray head at a distance,

in which an electrical conductor (12) connecting the charging electrodes (10) to one another in a ring-like manner and connected to the high-voltage line (14) is arranged insulated from the end face (21) of the ring body (20) facing the object to be coated,

and that the arrangement and the mutual distance of the charging electrodes (10) are selected so that no significant precipitation of coating material occurs on the end face (21) of the ring body (20) during operation. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem Durchmesser des Kreises, auf dem die Elektrodenenden liegen, von mehr als 200 mm mindestens neun Aufladeelektroden (10) vorhanden sind.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at a diameter of the circle on which the electrode ends lie, of more than 200 mm at least nine charging electrodes (10) are present. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem Kreisdurchmesser von etwa 400 mm oder mehr mindestens achtzehn Aufladeelektroden (10) vorhanden sind.3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that at a circle diameter of about 400 mm or more, at least eighteen charging electrodes (10) are present. 4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der isolierende Ringkörper (20) aus Polypropylen (PP) besteht.4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating ring body (20) consists of polypropylene (PP). 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorderen Elektrodenenden sich freiliegend in einer Einsenkung (22) befinden, deren Öffnungswinkel mehr als 90° beträgt.5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front electrode ends are exposed in a depression (22) whose opening angle is more than 90 °. 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Stirnfläche (21ʹ) des Ringkörpers (20ʹ) Mittel (31) für eine wesentliche Vergrößerung des Oberflächenweges zwischen den freiliegenden vorderen Enden der Aufladeelektroden (10ʹ) vorgesehen sind.6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the end face (21ʹ) of the ring body (20ʹ) means (31) for a substantial increase in the surface path between the exposed front ends of the charging electrodes (10ʹ) are provided. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (10ʹ) in fingerartig axial von der Stirnfläche (21ʹ) des Ringkörpers (20ʹ) vorspringenden Zapfen (31) aus Isoliermaterial angeordnet sind.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrodes (10ʹ) in finger-like axially from the end face (21ʹ) of the annular body (20ʹ) projecting pins (31) are arranged from insulating material. 8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ringkörper (12ʺ) Mittel (36) zum Verhindern eines Niederschlags von Beschichtungsmaterial auf seiner Stirnfläche (21ʺ) aufweist.8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular body (12ʺ) has means (36) for preventing precipitation of coating material on its end face (21ʺ). 9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ringkörper (12ʺ) einen unter Fluiddruck stehenden Fluidkanal (35) enthält, aus dem Öffnungen axial in der Stirnfläche (21ʺ) zwischen den Elektroden (10") münden.9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the annular body (12ʺ) contains a fluid channel (35) under fluid pressure, from which openings open axially in the end face (21ʺ) between the electrodes (10 "). 10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorderen Enden der Aufladeelektroden (10) axial um weniger als 1/3 des radialen Abstandes der Elektroden (10) von der Absprühkante (6) hinter der Ebene der Absprühkante (6) zurückgesetzt sind.10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front ends of the charging electrodes (10) axially by less than 1/3 of the radial distance of the electrodes (10) from the spray edge (6) behind the plane of the spray edge (6) are reset.
EP87103818A 1986-03-19 1987-03-17 Device for electrostatically coating objects Expired - Lifetime EP0238031B1 (en)

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DE3609240 1986-03-19
DE3609240A DE3609240C2 (en) 1986-03-19 1986-03-19 Device for the electrostatic coating of objects

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3720201C1 (en) * 1987-06-16 1988-09-08 Ransburg Gmbh Spray coating device with a ring-shaped electrode arrangement for electrically conductive coating liquids
DE3919653A1 (en) * 1989-06-16 1990-12-20 Alfo Ag Electrostatic spray gun with ring electrode - has pressure electrode formed as spray pipe coupled to flame quench gas source via valve
EP0509101A1 (en) * 1990-05-18 1992-10-21 ABB Ransburg KK Electrostatic coating device
EP0509101A4 (en) * 1990-05-18 1992-12-02 Ransburg Automotive Kk Electrostatic coating device
WO2008079922A2 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-07-03 Itw Limited Paint spray apparatus
WO2008079922A3 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-09-25 Itw Ltd Paint spray apparatus
US8104423B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2012-01-31 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Coating material dispensing apparatus and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4872616A (en) 1989-10-10
FI871205A (en) 1987-09-20
EP0238031A3 (en) 1988-09-14
CA1282951C (en) 1991-04-16
DE3765274D1 (en) 1990-11-08
US4852810A (en) 1989-08-01
HUT43277A (en) 1987-10-28
FI84027B (en) 1991-06-28
JPS62277171A (en) 1987-12-02
FI871205A0 (en) 1987-03-19
ES2017947B3 (en) 1991-03-16
DE3609240C2 (en) 1996-08-01
FI84027C (en) 1991-10-10
JPH0755299B2 (en) 1995-06-14
EP0238031B1 (en) 1990-10-03
HU194507B (en) 1988-02-29
DE3609240A1 (en) 1987-09-24
DD255482A5 (en) 1988-04-06

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