EP0248182A2 - Web of material, especially for filtration, method for making it, and its use - Google Patents

Web of material, especially for filtration, method for making it, and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0248182A2
EP0248182A2 EP87105737A EP87105737A EP0248182A2 EP 0248182 A2 EP0248182 A2 EP 0248182A2 EP 87105737 A EP87105737 A EP 87105737A EP 87105737 A EP87105737 A EP 87105737A EP 0248182 A2 EP0248182 A2 EP 0248182A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic foam
material web
needle felt
web according
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87105737A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0248182A3 (en
EP0248182B1 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Dr. Janssen
Willi Hunold
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Heimbach GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Thomas Josef Heimbach and Co GmbH
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Application filed by Thomas Josef Heimbach and Co GmbH filed Critical Thomas Josef Heimbach and Co GmbH
Publication of EP0248182A2 publication Critical patent/EP0248182A2/en
Publication of EP0248182A3 publication Critical patent/EP0248182A3/en
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Publication of EP0248182B1 publication Critical patent/EP0248182B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/485—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1669—Cellular material
    • B01D39/1676—Cellular material of synthetic origin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/68—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions the bonding agent being applied in the form of foam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0414—Surface modifiers, e.g. comprising ion exchange groups
    • B01D2239/0428—Rendering the filter material hydrophobic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0457—Specific fire retardant or heat resistant properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0654—Support layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3325—Including a foamed layer or component
    • Y10T442/335—Plural fabric layers
    • Y10T442/3358—Including a nonwoven fabric layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/469—Including a foamed layer or component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/647—Including a foamed layer or component
    • Y10T442/652—Nonwoven fabric is coated, impregnated, or autogenously bonded

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material web, in particular for filter purposes, made of or with a needle felt, which carries an open-pore plastic foam.
  • filter media are often reticulated, i.e. Open-pore filter foams are used, for example made of polyurethane or acrylic acid ester (ox, filter foam - perfect in many areas; water, air and operation 10/84, page 43 ff).
  • Ox polyurethane or acrylic acid ester
  • the advantages over non-woven fabrics lie in their homogenized structure and the more developed three-dimensional structure.
  • the permeability of such filter foams can be set very finely and reproducibly.
  • the filter foam is applied in layers to a needle felt in such a way that the cellular foam adheres to the surface of the needle felt and forms a filter layer there.
  • the coating achieves a high degree of separation and low particle migration as well as a smooth surface with improved cleaning behavior compared to normal needle felts (improved dust filter medium for surface filtration; Water, air and operation 11-12 / 85, page 49).
  • open-cell plastic foam has also been tried in the area of paper machine clothing.
  • a covering for the Fourdrinier area of a paper machine is known from US Pat. No. 3,617,442, which consists of a scrim surrounded by an open-cell foam layer.
  • such coverings have not proven themselves and are therefore not used today.
  • the foam encapsulation did not meet the tough requirements, particularly in the Fourdrinier area, so that the covering was quickly destroyed.
  • the invention has for its object to find a material web which consists of a base structure with a plastic foam layer and which is characterized in comparison to the previously known material webs by a significantly improved durability and thus more universal application.
  • the filter properties of the plastic foam do not suffer due to its complete embedding in the needle felt.
  • the homogeneity of the plastic foam which is considered to be advantageous compared to pure needle felt filters, is not disturbed by the inhomogeneously distributed fibers of the needle felt in such a way that disadvantages with regard to the filter behavior arise.
  • the needle felt is provided with a support structure as reinforcement in a manner known per se.
  • a support structure can consist of a woven fabric of a knitted fabric, a wire link belt, but also of a layer with stronger and therefore stiffer fibers.
  • the support structure should then be kept essentially free of plastic foam Plastic foam should therefore be limited to the fiber layer, which is fine in the case of a multilayer structure. In this way, detachment problems between the support fabric and the plastic foam are avoided, although they would not have as serious an impact in the embodiment according to the invention because of the integration into the fiber layer as in the embodiment according to EP-OS 0 156 062.
  • the needle felt is formed from nonwovens needled on both sides of the support structure.
  • the plastic foam can then be embedded in both sides of the needle felt in order to achieve appropriate filter effects or air permeability values.
  • plastic foams with different properties and with a different penetration depth can be provided.
  • the surface of the material web is smoothed on the side (s) equipped with plastic foam.
  • the smooth surface obtained in this way has a favorable effect on the cleaning behavior when using the material web in the filter area.
  • the smooth surface achieves advantageous effects.
  • the plastic foam according to the invention embedded in the needle felt is also outstandingly suitable as a carrier of substances which - depending on the intended use - can give the material web certain additional properties.
  • substances which - depending on the intended use - can give the material web certain additional properties.
  • hydrophobic, adsorptive, antiadhesive, oleophobic, antistatic and / or flame retardant substances in question these substances can be found in detail in the relevant lexicons, in particular Römpps chemistry lexicon, based on the effects listed above.
  • catalytically active substances can also be incorporated into the plastic foam in order to achieve chemical pollutant removal in addition to the mechanical filter effect, for example of nitrogen and / or sulfur oxides.
  • the substances can be embedded in particles or fiber form. Suitable substances are the materials which are customary for the respective pollutant removal and can be found in the specialist literature.
  • the material web according to the invention is produced by first forming a needle felt and then applying a layer of plastic foam. So that this plastic foam layer is completely embedded in the needle felt, it is then subjected to calendering according to the invention.
  • This type of production has the advantage that the entire structure is solidified and, at the same time, the surface obtained in this way is smoothed by the action of pressure and heat.
  • the brittleness of the fibers that occurs when calendering needle felts without applying plastic foam no longer occurs on the surface.
  • the heat is quickly released from the fibers to the surrounding plastic foam, so that an adverse change in the fibers is avoided, their original elasticity, which is yes for the retention of the plastic foam within the Needle felt is important, is preserved.
  • the material web according to the invention is not only suitable for filtration purposes, but also for use in paper machines, specifically here in the dry area and also in the press area.
  • By embedding the plastic foam in the needle felt according to the invention long running times are achieved in spite of the high thermal and mechanical stresses in the paper machine. It is now possible to use the favorable properties of open-cell plastic foam in a paper machine without fear of disadvantages in terms of the running time of such material webs compared to the known paper machine clothing without plastic foam.
  • the invention is illustrated in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. It shows a partial cross section through a material web (1) which is designed as a needle felt. It has a support fabric (2), the weave of which can be adapted to the respective requirements. In the present case, a simple plain weave is shown.
  • a fiber fleece (3, 4) is needled onto both sides of the support fabric (2).
  • the formation of the individual fibers and their density is also adapted to the respective requirements according to the rules known in the prior art.
  • An open-cell plastic foam (5) is embedded in the upper nonwoven fabric (3), which extends inwards to the support fabric (2). It fills the spaces between the fibers of the nonwoven fabric (3) is sufficient and extends to its surface, but does not go beyond it.
  • the plastic foam (5) is introduced by first applying a plastic foam layer to the surface of the nonwoven fabric (3) using the known techniques.
  • the web of material thus obtained is then subjected to calendering, by means of which the plastic foam layer is pressed completely into the nonwoven fabric (3).
  • a very smooth surface is created, which is favorable both when used as a filter material and as a covering in paper machines.

Abstract

Eine Materialbahn (1), insbesondere für Filterzwecke, besteht aus einem Nadelfilz (2, 3, 4) oder ist mit einem solchen versehen, der einen offenporigen Kunststoffschaum (5) trägt. Damit diese Materialbahn eine wesentlich verbesserte Haltbarkeit und einen universelleren Einsatzbereich aufweist, ist der Kunststoffschaum (5) vollständig in dem Nadelfilz (2, 3, 4) eingelagert, und zwar je nach Anforderung nur über einen Teil des Nadelfilzquerschnittes oder den ganzen Querschnitt.A material web (1), in particular for filter purposes, consists of a needle felt (2, 3, 4) or is provided with one which carries an open-pore plastic foam (5). The plastic foam (5) is completely embedded in the needle felt (2, 3, 4) so that this material web has a significantly improved durability and a more universal area of use, depending on the requirement only over part of the needle felt cross section or the entire cross section.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Materialbahn, insbesondere für Filterzwecke, aus oder mit einem Nadelfilz, der einen offenporigen Kunststoffschaum trägt.The invention relates to a material web, in particular for filter purposes, made of or with a needle felt, which carries an open-pore plastic foam.

Als Filtermedien werden heute vielfach retikulierte, d.h. offenporige Filterschäume verwendet, beispielsweise aus Polyurethan oder Acrylsäureester (Ochs, Filterschaum - ­Perfekt in vielen Bereichen; Wasser, Luft und Betrieb 10/84, Seite 43 ff). Die Vorteile gegenüber Faservliesen liegen in ihrem homogenisierten Aufbau und der stärker ausgebildeten dreidimensionalen Struktur. Außerdem läßt sich die Durchlässigkeit solcher Filterschäume sehr fein und reproduzierbar einstellen.Today, filter media are often reticulated, i.e. Open-pore filter foams are used, for example made of polyurethane or acrylic acid ester (ox, filter foam - perfect in many areas; water, air and operation 10/84, page 43 ff). The advantages over non-woven fabrics lie in their homogenized structure and the more developed three-dimensional structure. In addition, the permeability of such filter foams can be set very finely and reproducibly.

In einem Anwendungsbeispiel wird der Filterschaum schichtweise auf einen Nadelfilz in der Weise aufgebracht, daß der zellulare Schaum auf der Oberfläche des Nadelfilzes haftet und dort eine Filterschicht bildet. Als Vorteile werden angegeben, daß durch die Beschichtung ein hoher Abscheidegrad und geringe Partikeleinwanderungen sowie eine glatte Oberfläche mit verbessertem Abreinigungsverhalten gegenüber normalen Nadelfilzen erreicht wird (Verbessertes Entstaubungsfiltermedium zur Oberflächenfiltration; Wasser, Luft und Betrieb 11-12/85, Seite 49).In one application example, the filter foam is applied in layers to a needle felt in such a way that the cellular foam adheres to the surface of the needle felt and forms a filter layer there. Advantages are stated that the coating achieves a high degree of separation and low particle migration as well as a smooth surface with improved cleaning behavior compared to normal needle felts (improved dust filter medium for surface filtration; Water, air and operation 11-12 / 85, page 49).

Bei diesem Filtermedium hat sich als nachteilig erwiesen, daß der Filterschaum eine schlechte Haftung an der Oberfläche des Nadelfilzes hat und deshalb mechanischen Beanspruchungen häufig nicht gewachsen ist. Dies kann mit dem unterschiedlichen elastischen Verhalten von Filterschaum und Nadelfilz und mit den für eine gute Haftung zu kleinen Kontaktflächen zwischen Schaum und Faserauflage zusammenhängen. Entsprechend ist der Einsatzzweck solcher Filtermedien begrenzt.With this filter medium, it has been found to be disadvantageous that the filter foam has poor adhesion to the surface of the needle felt and, as a result, mechanical stresses are often inadequate. This can be related to the different elastic behavior of filter foam and needle felt and to the small contact areas between the foam and the fiber pad for good adhesion. The intended use of such filter media is correspondingly limited.

Der Einsatz von offenzelligem Kunststoffschaum ist auch im Bereich der Bespannungen von Papiermaschinen versucht worden. So ist aus dem US-Patent 36 17 442 eine Bespannung für den Fourdrinier-Bereich einer Papiermaschine bekannt, die aus einem von einer offenzelligen Schaumschicht umgebenen Stützgelege besteht. Solche Bespannungen haben sich jedoch nicht bewährt und werden deshalb heutzutage nicht eingesetzt. Die Umschäumung hielt den harten Anforderungen gerade im Fourdrinier-Bereich nicht stand, so daß die Bespannung schnell zerstört war.The use of open-cell plastic foam has also been tried in the area of paper machine clothing. For example, a covering for the Fourdrinier area of a paper machine is known from US Pat. No. 3,617,442, which consists of a scrim surrounded by an open-cell foam layer. However, such coverings have not proven themselves and are therefore not used today. The foam encapsulation did not meet the tough requirements, particularly in the Fourdrinier area, so that the covering was quickly destroyed.

Ein erneuter Versuch, offenzelligen Kunststoffschaum bei Bespannungen von Papiermaschinen, insbesondere in deren Trockenbereich, einzusetzen, ist aus der EP-OS 0 156 062 zu ersehen. In dieser Druckschrift wird vorgeschlagen, den Kunststoffschaum in das Innere eines Drahtgliederbandes oder eines Gewebes einzubringen, so daß der Kunststoffschaum nicht über die äußeren Begrenzungen des Drahtgliederbandes bzw. Gewebes vorsteht. Verfahrensmäßig wird so vorgegangen, daß der Kunststoffschaum auf eine Oberfläche aufgebracht wird, wobei er in das Gewebe bzw. Drahtgliederband einsinkt, und daß anschließend die überstehende Menge abgerakelt wird. Mit Hilfe des Kunststoffschaums kann die Luftdurchlässgkeit über das jeweilige Band in weiten Grenzen und sehr gleichmäßig eingestellt werden.A further attempt to use open-celled plastic foam when covering paper machines, in particular in their drying area, can be seen from EP-OS 0 156 062. In this document it is proposed to introduce the plastic foam into the interior of a wire link belt or a fabric, so that the plastic foam does not protrude beyond the outer limits of the wire link belt or fabric. The procedure is that the plastic foam is applied to a surface, whereby it sinks into the fabric or wire link belt, and that the excess amount is then doctored off. With the help of the plastic foam, the air permeability can be adjusted over a wide band and very evenly.

Auch bei dieser Art der Kombination einer Stützstruktur - hier in Form eines Drahtgliederbandes oder eines Gewebes - mit einem offenzelligen Kunststoff ist nicht deren unterschiedliches Verhalten bei mechanischen - und auch thermischen - Beanspruchungen beachtet worden. Die Kunststoffdrähte, aus denen das Drahtgliederband bzw. das Gewebe bestehen, sind im Vergleich zum Kunststoffschaum relativ starre und an ihrer Oberfläche glatte Gebilde, die insbesondere bei der Verwendung in einer Papiermaschine vergleichsweise große Relativbewegungen zueinander ausführen, da sie dort starken Umlenkungen und damit Biegungen unterworfen sind. Dies führt zu entsprechenden Scherkräften an der Grenzfläche zwischen den Kunststoffäden und dem Kunststoffschaum mit der Folge, daß es schon nach kurzer Zeit zu Ausfransungen und dann großflächigeren Ablösungen kommt.Even with this type of combination of a support structure - here in the form of a wire link belt or a fabric - with an open-cell plastic, their different behavior with mechanical - and also thermal - stresses has not been taken into account. The plastic wires from which the wire link belt or the fabric are made are, in comparison to the plastic foam, relatively rigid and smooth on the surface, which, particularly when used in a paper machine, perform relatively large relative movements to one another, since they are subject to strong deflections and thus bends are. This leads to corresponding shear forces at the interface between the plastic threads and the plastic foam, with the result that fraying and then large-area detachments occur after a short time.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Materialbahn zu finden, die aus einer Basisstruktur mit einer Kunststoffschaumschicht besteht und die sich im Vergleich zu den vorbekannten Materialbahnen durch eine wesentlich verbesserte Haltbarkeit und damit universelleren Einsatzbereich auszeichnet.The invention has for its object to find a material web which consists of a base structure with a plastic foam layer and which is characterized in comparison to the previously known material webs by a significantly improved durability and thus more universal application.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß in an sich bekannter Weise ein Nadelfilz verwendet wird, bei dem der Kunststoffschaum - im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik - vollständig in dem Nadelfilz eingelagert ist, und zwar je nach Anforderung nur über einen Teil des Nadelfilzquerschnittes oder den ganzen Querschnitt.This object is achieved in that a needle felt is used in a manner known per se, in which the plastic foam - in contrast to the prior art - is completely embedded in the needle felt, depending on the requirement, only over part of the cross section of the needle felt or over the entire cross section.

Durch das vollständige Einbringen des Kunststoffschaums in die Poren des Nadelfilzes wird eine außerordentlich innige und feste Verbindung zwischen Fasern und Schaum erreicht. Die wirre und dichte Verteilung der Fasern verankert die Kunststoffschaumschicht derart in dem Nadelfilz, daß Ausfransungen und Ablösungen selbst bei sehr harten mechanischen Beanspruchungen nicht mehr auftreten. Dies wird begünstigt durch die Elastizität der einzelnen Fasern der Faserschicht, denn die Fasern können sich den elastischen Bewegungen des Kunststoffschaums bei Verbiegungen der Materialbahn ohne weiteres anpassen, so daß ein Ablösen des Schaumes von den Fasern nicht eintritt.By completely inserting the plastic foam into the pores of the needle felt, an extremely intimate and firm connection between the fibers and the foam is achieved. The tangled and dense distribution of the fibers anchors the plastic foam layer in the needle felt in such a way that fraying and detachment no longer occur, even under very hard mechanical loads. This is favored by the elasticity of the individual fibers of the fiber layer, because the fibers can easily adapt to the elastic movements of the plastic foam when the material web is bent, so that the foam does not become detached from the fibers.

Dabei hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß die Filtereigenschaften des Kunststoffschaums durch dessen vollständige Einbettung in den Nadelfilz nicht leiden. Offenbar wird die als vorteilhaft gegenüber reinen Nadelfilztfiltern geschätzte Homogenität des Kunststoffschaums durch die an sich inhomogen verteilten Fasern des Nadelfilzes nicht derart gestört, daß Nachteile bezüglich des Filterverhaltens entstehen.It has surprisingly been found that the filter properties of the plastic foam do not suffer due to its complete embedding in the needle felt. Apparently, the homogeneity of the plastic foam, which is considered to be advantageous compared to pure needle felt filters, is not disturbed by the inhomogeneously distributed fibers of the needle felt in such a way that disadvantages with regard to the filter behavior arise.

In Ausbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Nadelfilz in an sich bekannter Weise mit einer Stützstruktur als Verstärkung ausgestattet ist. Eine solche Stützstruktur kann aus einem Gewebe einer Wirkware, einem Drahtgliederband, aber auch aus einer Schicht mit stärkeren und damit steiferen Fasern bestehen. Die Stützstruktur sollte dann im wesentlichen frei von Kunststoffschaum gehalten werden, der Kunststoffschaum also auf die - bei mehrschichtigem Aufbau feine - Faserschicht beschränkt sein. Auf diese Weise werden Ablösungsprobleme zwischen dem Stützgewebe und dem Kunststoffschaum vermieden, obwohl sie sich bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung wegen der Einbindung in die Faserschicht nicht so gravierend auswirken würden wie bei der Ausbildung nach der EP-OS 0 156 062.In an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the needle felt is provided with a support structure as reinforcement in a manner known per se. Such a support structure can consist of a woven fabric of a knitted fabric, a wire link belt, but also of a layer with stronger and therefore stiffer fibers. The support structure should then be kept essentially free of plastic foam Plastic foam should therefore be limited to the fiber layer, which is fine in the case of a multilayer structure. In this way, detachment problems between the support fabric and the plastic foam are avoided, although they would not have as serious an impact in the embodiment according to the invention because of the integration into the fiber layer as in the embodiment according to EP-OS 0 156 062.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Nadelfilz aus beidseitig auf die Stützstruktur aufgenadelten Faservliesen gebildet ist. Der Kunststoffschaum kann dann in beide Seiten des Nadelfilzes eingebettet werden, um entsprechende Filterwirkungen bzw. Luftdurchlässigkeitswerte zu erreichen. Dabei können je nach den geforderten Eigenschaften Kunststoffschäume mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften und in voneinander abweichender Eindringtiefe vorgesehen werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the needle felt is formed from nonwovens needled on both sides of the support structure. The plastic foam can then be embedded in both sides of the needle felt in order to achieve appropriate filter effects or air permeability values. Depending on the required properties, plastic foams with different properties and with a different penetration depth can be provided.

Nach der Erfindung ist ferner vorgesehen, daß die Oberfläche der Materialbahn auf der bzw. den mit Kunststoffschaum ausgerüsteten Seite(n) geglättet ist. Die auf diese Weise erhaltene glatte Oberfläche wirkt sich bei Verwendung der Materialbahn im Filterbereich günstig auf das Abreinigungsverhalten aus. Auch soweit die Materialbahn im Papiermaschinenbereich Verwendung findet, werden durch die glatte Oberfläche vorteilhafte Effekte erzielt.According to the invention it is further provided that the surface of the material web is smoothed on the side (s) equipped with plastic foam. The smooth surface obtained in this way has a favorable effect on the cleaning behavior when using the material web in the filter area. As far as the material web is used in the paper machine sector, the smooth surface achieves advantageous effects.

Der erfindungsgemäße in den Nadelfilz eingelagerte Kunststoffschaum eignet sich darüber hinaus hervorragend als Träger von Substanzen, die der Materialbahn - je nach Einsatzzweck - bestimmte zusätzliche Eigenschaften geben können. Hier kommen insbesondere hydrophob, adsorptiv, antiadhäsiv, oleophob, antistatisch und/oder flammhemmend wirkende Substanzen in Frage, wobei diese Substanzen an Hand der vorstehend aufgeführten Wirkungen im einzelnen den einschlägigen Lexikas, insbesondere Römpps Chemielexikon, entnommen werden können.The plastic foam according to the invention embedded in the needle felt is also outstandingly suitable as a carrier of substances which - depending on the intended use - can give the material web certain additional properties. Here come in particular hydrophobic, adsorptive, antiadhesive, oleophobic, antistatic and / or flame retardant substances in question, these substances can be found in detail in the relevant lexicons, in particular Römpps chemistry lexicon, based on the effects listed above.

In den Kunststoffschaum können darüber hinaus auch katalytisch wirkende Substanzen eingelagert werden, um neben dem mechanischen Filtereffekt zusätzlich eine chemische Schadstoffbeseitigung beispielsweise von Stickstoff- und/oder Schwefeloxiden zu erzielen. Die Substanzen können dabei in Teilchen oder Faserform eingebettet sein. Als Substanzen kommen die für die jeweilige Schadstoffbeseitigung üblichen und aus der Fachliteratur zu entnehmenden Materialien in Frage.In addition, catalytically active substances can also be incorporated into the plastic foam in order to achieve chemical pollutant removal in addition to the mechanical filter effect, for example of nitrogen and / or sulfur oxides. The substances can be embedded in particles or fiber form. Suitable substances are the materials which are customary for the respective pollutant removal and can be found in the specialist literature.

Die erfindungsgemäße Materialbahn wird dadurch hergestellt, daß zunächst ein Nadelfilz gebildet und dann eine Kunststoffschaumschicht aufgebracht wird. Damit diese Kunststoffschaumschicht vollständig in den Nadelfilz eingebettet wird, wird sie anschließend erfindungsgemäß einer Kalandrierung unterworfen. Diese Art der Herstellung hat den Vorteil, daß durch die Druck- ­und Hitzeeinwirkung eine Verfestigung der gesamten Struktur und gleichzeitig auch eine Glättung der auf diese Weise erhaltenen Oberfläche erzielt wird. Dabei tritt überraschenderweise nicht mehr das bei der Kalandrierung von Nadelfilzen ohne Kunststoffschaumauftrag auftretende Verspröden der Fasern an der Oberfläche auf. Offenbar wird die Wärme von den Fasern schnell an den sie umgebenden Kunststoffschaum abgegeben, so daß eine nachteilige Veränderung der Fasern vermieden wird, ihre ursprüngliche Elastizität, die ja für den Halt des Kunststoffschaums innerhalb des Nadelfilzes wichtig ist, erhalten bleibt.The material web according to the invention is produced by first forming a needle felt and then applying a layer of plastic foam. So that this plastic foam layer is completely embedded in the needle felt, it is then subjected to calendering according to the invention. This type of production has the advantage that the entire structure is solidified and, at the same time, the surface obtained in this way is smoothed by the action of pressure and heat. Surprisingly, the brittleness of the fibers that occurs when calendering needle felts without applying plastic foam no longer occurs on the surface. Apparently, the heat is quickly released from the fibers to the surrounding plastic foam, so that an adverse change in the fibers is avoided, their original elasticity, which is yes for the retention of the plastic foam within the Needle felt is important, is preserved.

Aufgrund der außerordentlich günstigen Eigenschaften bezüglich der Haltbarkeit eignet sich die erfindungsgemäße Materialbahn nicht nur für Filtrationszwecke, sondern auch für den Einsatz in Papiermaschinen, und zwar hier insbesondere im Trockenbereich und auch im Pressenbereich. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Einbettung des Kunststoffschaums in den Nadelfilz werden trotz der hohen thermischen und mechanischen Beanspruchungen in der Papiermaschine lange Laufzeiten erreicht. Es können also jetzt die günstigen Eigenschaften von offenzelligem Kunststoffschaum in einer Papiermaschine genutzt werden, ohne daß Nachteile hinsichtlich der Laufzeit solcher Materialbahnen gegenüber den bekannten Papiermaschinenbespannungen ohne Kunststoffschaum befürchtet werden müssen.Because of the extraordinarily favorable properties with regard to durability, the material web according to the invention is not only suitable for filtration purposes, but also for use in paper machines, specifically here in the dry area and also in the press area. By embedding the plastic foam in the needle felt according to the invention, long running times are achieved in spite of the high thermal and mechanical stresses in the paper machine. It is now possible to use the favorable properties of open-cell plastic foam in a paper machine without fear of disadvantages in terms of the running time of such material webs compared to the known paper machine clothing without plastic foam.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher veranschaulicht. Sie zeigt einen Teilquerschnitt durch eine Materialbahn (1), die als Nadelfilz ausgebildet ist. Sie hat ein Stützgewebe (2), dessen Gewebebindung den jeweiligen Anforderungen angepaßt sein kann. Im vorliegenden Fall ist eine einfache Leinwandbindung dargestellt.In the drawing, the invention is illustrated in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. It shows a partial cross section through a material web (1) which is designed as a needle felt. It has a support fabric (2), the weave of which can be adapted to the respective requirements. In the present case, a simple plain weave is shown.

Auf beide Seiten des Stützgewebes (2) ist je ein Faservlies (3, 4) aufgenadelt. Die Ausbildung der einzelnen Fasern und deren Dichte wird ebenfalls nach den im Stand der Technik bekannten Regeln den jeweiligen Anforderungen angepaßt. In das obere Faservlies (3) ist ein offenzelliger Kunststoffschaum (5) eingebettet, der nach innen bis zum Stützgewebe (2) reicht. Er füllt die Zwischenräume zwischen den Fasern des Faservlieses (3) aus und reicht bis zu dessen Oberfläche, geht aber nicht über diese hinaus.A fiber fleece (3, 4) is needled onto both sides of the support fabric (2). The formation of the individual fibers and their density is also adapted to the respective requirements according to the rules known in the prior art. An open-cell plastic foam (5) is embedded in the upper nonwoven fabric (3), which extends inwards to the support fabric (2). It fills the spaces between the fibers of the nonwoven fabric (3) is sufficient and extends to its surface, but does not go beyond it.

Das Einbringen des Kunststoffschaums (5) geschieht dadurch, daß zunächst eine Kunststoffschaumschicht auf die Oberfläche des Faservlieses (3) aufgebracht wird, und zwar mit den bekannten Techniken. Anschließend wird die so erhaltene Materialbahn einer Kalandrierung unterworfen, durch die die Kunststoffschaumschicht in das Faservlies (3) vollständig hineingedrückt wird. Gleichzeitig entsteht eine sehr glatte Oberfläche, was sowohl bei der Verwendung als Filtermaterial als auch als Bespannung in Papiermaschinen günstig ist.The plastic foam (5) is introduced by first applying a plastic foam layer to the surface of the nonwoven fabric (3) using the known techniques. The web of material thus obtained is then subjected to calendering, by means of which the plastic foam layer is pressed completely into the nonwoven fabric (3). At the same time, a very smooth surface is created, which is favorable both when used as a filter material and as a covering in paper machines.

Claims (10)

1. Materialbahn, insbesondere für Filterzwecke, aus oder mit einem Nadelfilz, der einen offenporigen Kunststoffschaum trägt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kunststoffschaum (5) vollständig in dem Nadelfilz (1) eingelagert ist1. material web, in particular for filter purposes, made of or with a needle felt carrying an open-pored plastic foam,
characterized in that the plastic foam (5) is completely embedded in the needle felt (1) 2. Materialbahn nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nadelfilz (1) mit einer Stützstruktur (2) ausgestattet ist2. Material web according to claim 1,
characterized in that the needle felt (1) is equipped with a support structure (2) 3. Materialbahn nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützstruktur (2) im wesentlichen frei von Kunststoffschaum (5) gehalten ist.3. Material web according to claim 2,
characterized in that the support structure (2) is kept essentially free of plastic foam (5). 4. Materialbahn nach Anspruch 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nadelfilz (2) aus beidseitig auf die Stützstruktur aufgenadelten Faservliesen (3, 4) gebildet ist.4. Material web according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the needle felt (2) is formed from non-woven fabrics (3, 4) needled onto the support structure on both sides. 5. Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kunststoffschaum (5) in beide Seiten des Nadelfilzes (1) eingebettet ist.5. Material web according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the plastic foam (5) is embedded in both sides of the needle felt (1). 6. Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche der Materialbahn (1) auf der bzw. den mit Kunststoffschaum (5) ausgerüsteten Seite(n) geglättet ist.6. Material web according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the surface of the material web (1) is smoothed on the side (s) equipped with plastic foam (5). 7. Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kunststoffschaum mit einer hydrophob, adsorptiv, antiadhäsiv, oleophob, antistatisch und/oder flammhemmend wirkenden Substanz versehen ist.7. Material web according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the plastic foam is provided with a hydrophobic, adsorptive, anti-adhesive, oleophobic, antistatic and / or flame-retardant substance. 8. Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Kunststoffschaum katalytisch wirkende Substanzen eingelagert sind.8. Material web according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that catalytically active substances are embedded in the plastic foam. 9. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bei dem zunächst ein Nadelfilz gebildet und dann eine Kunststoffschaumschicht aufgebracht wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kunststoffschaumschicht anschließend in den Nadelfilz (1) einkalandriert wird.9. A method for producing the material web according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which a needle felt is first formed and then a plastic foam layer is applied,
characterized in that the plastic foam layer is then calendered into the needle felt (1). 10. Verwendung der Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 als Bespannung in Papiermaschinen, insbesondere in deren Trocken- und Pressenbereich.10. Use of the material web according to one of claims 1 to 9 as a covering in paper machines, in particular in the drying and pressing area.
EP87105737A 1986-05-02 1987-04-16 Web of material, especially for filtration, method for making it, and its use Revoked EP0248182B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3614949 1986-05-02
DE19863614949 DE3614949A1 (en) 1986-05-02 1986-05-02 MATERIAL RAIL, IN PARTICULAR FOR FILTERING PURPOSES, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF

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EP0248182A2 true EP0248182A2 (en) 1987-12-09
EP0248182A3 EP0248182A3 (en) 1989-11-29
EP0248182B1 EP0248182B1 (en) 1993-06-23

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EP (1) EP0248182B1 (en)
AU (1) AU592866B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1316465C (en)
DE (2) DE3614949A1 (en)
DK (1) DK222187A (en)
ES (1) ES2042515T3 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3917174A1 (en) * 1989-05-26 1990-12-06 Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef Filter material - has a warp unit carrier with electrically conductive yarns passing through both sides of overlaid filter layer
EP0641588A1 (en) * 1993-08-04 1995-03-08 Thomas Josef Heimbach GmbH & Co. Filtering material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI91892C (en) 1994-08-25
FI91892B (en) 1994-05-13
NO168157C (en) 1992-01-22
EP0248182A3 (en) 1989-11-29
FI871926A (en) 1987-11-03
DE3786303D1 (en) 1993-07-29
AU592866B2 (en) 1990-01-25
EP0248182B1 (en) 1993-06-23
US4788100A (en) 1988-11-29
ES2042515T3 (en) 1993-12-16
DE3614949C2 (en) 1989-04-20
NO168157B (en) 1991-10-14
AU7245187A (en) 1987-11-05
DK222187A (en) 1987-11-03
DK222187D0 (en) 1987-05-01
FI871926A0 (en) 1987-04-30
NO871292L (en) 1987-11-03
CA1316465C (en) 1993-04-20
DE3614949A1 (en) 1987-11-05
NO871292D0 (en) 1987-03-27

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