EP0278419A2 - Waterproof sealing mat, essentially composed of a supporting layer, and intermediate layer of expandable clay, and a covering layer - Google Patents

Waterproof sealing mat, essentially composed of a supporting layer, and intermediate layer of expandable clay, and a covering layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0278419A2
EP0278419A2 EP88101679A EP88101679A EP0278419A2 EP 0278419 A2 EP0278419 A2 EP 0278419A2 EP 88101679 A EP88101679 A EP 88101679A EP 88101679 A EP88101679 A EP 88101679A EP 0278419 A2 EP0278419 A2 EP 0278419A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
bentonite
sealing mat
intermediate layer
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP88101679A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0278419B1 (en
EP0278419A3 (en
Inventor
Georg Dr. Heerten
Karsten Johannssen
Volkhard Müller
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Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Naue Fasertechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT88101679T priority Critical patent/ATE75275T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/008—Sewing, stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/16—Clay
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00—Floor coverings
    • B32B2471/04—Mats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
    • Y10T442/57—Including particulate material other than fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]
    • Y10T442/667—Needled

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water-impermeable sealing mat which is preferably suitable for water and landfill construction and which essentially consists of a carrier layer, an intermediate layer of swellable clay and a top layer, and a process for its production.
  • Such sealing mats are known from European patent 0 059 625, in which a flexible carrier layer carries a bentonite intermediate layer, on which in turn a cover layer can be located. All three layers, i.e. the backing layer, which can be a nonwoven fabric, the bentonite intermediate layer and the cover layer, which can be an unspecified mat, are connected to one another by means of an adhesive.
  • the backing layer which can be a nonwoven fabric
  • the bentonite intermediate layer and the cover layer which can be an unspecified mat
  • sealing mats lose flexibility due to the use of the adhesive that solidifies the individual layers, which has a particularly disadvantageous effect on deformations of the subsoil of earthworks.
  • these prior art sealing mats have the disadvantage that the bentonite intermediate layer located therein can expand freely in all three dimensions when moistened, which often leads to cracks forming in the bentonite intermediate layer, which in turn makes the mats permeable to water.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to produce an absolutely watertight mat and to design the method in such a way that the use of an adhesive can be dispensed with.
  • the carrier and / or the top layer a nonwoven fabric and the layer, which may not consist of a nonwoven fabric, consists of a woven or knitted fabric and (b) all three layers are needled together.
  • Both the backing layer and the cover layer preferably consist of a nonwoven fabric.
  • the backing layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the top layer consists of a woven or knitted fabric or the top layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the backing layer consists of a woven or knitted fabric.
  • the procedure is such that first the intermediate layer of dry, swellable clay is applied to the carrier layer and then the cover layer is applied and then all three layers are needled in a needle chair.
  • the nonwovens used according to the invention preferably consist of quality plastic fibers, in particular of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacrylic and / or polyamide fibers.
  • Nonwovens made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) are particularly preferred in the field of landfill technology.
  • Such nonwovens are absolutely rot-proof (resistant to all substances found in water and soil) and thus verifiably guarantee an extremely long service life.
  • Their extremely high tensile strength means that they are largely insensitive to mechanical stress. They are highly UV-stable and have a high specific weight (great advantage when underwater installation).
  • the nonwovens used according to the invention are preferably mechanically consolidated Spunbonded nonwovens. They are constructed in such a way that the crimped fibers form a flat structure with innumerable labyrinthine passages.
  • the floor structure is ideally reproduced.
  • the structure of the nonwovens can be adjusted coarser or finer depending on the nature of the soil, so that an optimal adaptation to the type of soil is guaranteed.
  • the mechanical strengthening guarantees a high coefficient of friction between the existing floor and the nonwoven and the cover.
  • Nonwovens used in accordance with the invention include, for example, those as can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 below.
  • the intermediate layer made of swellable clay preferably consists of bentonites.
  • Bentonites are clays with a noticeable to high content of smectite (montmorillonite), which determines the properties (high swellability, good water binding capacity, high plasticity).
  • the Alkaline earth ions of the bentonites replaced by alkali ions, preferably sodium ions.
  • sodium bentonite with its greatly increased plasticity, viscosity, thixotropy and water absorption is therefore preferred as the "highly swellable" active bentonite.
  • the bentonites can be present in the intermediate layer as powder and / or granules.
  • the granulate particles can have a grain size of greater than 2.5 mm. Of course, they can also be smaller.
  • a reduction in the water permeability of the sealing mats according to the invention can be achieved by first applying a floury bentonite to the support layer during production and, if appropriate, shaking it in and then only applying the granular bentonite granules.
  • a floury bentonite instead of shaking the floury bentonite into the carrier layer, one can also proceed by first impregnating the carrier layer with an aqueous bentonite suspension or rolling on an aqueous bentonite paste and only then, if necessary after prior drying, applying the granular bentonite granules.
  • the top layer can also be treated in the same way as the carrier layer before it is applied. For some applications, you can even use the carrier or cover layer pretreated in this way alone as a sealing mat.
  • the thickness of the bentonite intermediate layer is preferably 0.5 to 10.0 mm, depending on the application. However, it can also be smaller or larger, which also depends, for example, on whether or not the carrier and / or top layer, as stated above, has been pretreated with finely divided bentonites.
  • the desired firm mechanical cohesion of the three layers of the sealing mat according to the invention is obtained with simultaneous switching off of the adhesive used according to the prior art.
  • the needling on the inner surface facing the bentonite intermediate layer and the underlying zones of the nonwovens results in an intensive mixing of fibers and bentonite.
  • the firm needling connection gives a swelling back pressure which, in conjunction with the intensive mixing of fibers and bentonite described above, guarantees that the sealing mats according to the invention are impermeable to water.
  • the needling also ensures the flexibility of the sealing mats, whose flexibility comes close to the good deformability properties of the mechanically consolidated nonwovens.
  • the waterproof sealing mats according to the invention are used in particular in water and landfill construction.
  • the sealing mats After the large-area laying of the sealing mats produced in this way at the place of use, the sealing mats can be welded or sewn together at their edges with which they meet, which also ensures at the abutting edges that the bentonite intermediate layer 3 forms a swelling at the abutting edges connected continuous water-impermeable intermediate layer.
  • a waterproof overlap is also achieved by inserting a bentoni track between the overlapping areas and then pressing these areas together.
  • a nonwoven fabric 1004 R is used as the carrier layer 2 and a nonwoven fabric 201-3 with the following layers is used as the cover layer 4 specified values:
  • the non-woven fabric 1004 R has been a tried and tested hydraulic engineering mat for years.
  • the production width is usually 4.80 m. It is a composite of two nonwoven layers, namely a filter layer made of polyester (PES; approx. 70% of the total weight) and a coarse fiber layer made of polypropylene fibers (approx. 30% of the total weight). The fibers are mechanically consolidated by needling.
  • This two-layer composite fleece serving as carrier layer 2 has a layer thickness of greater than 6.0 mm.
  • the non-woven fabric 201-3 is a single-layer non-woven fabric made of 100% polyester fibers. As can be seen from the table above, the weight per unit area is approx. 225 g / m2 and the layer thickness is approx. 2.8 mm. The produc tion width is also usually 4.80 m.
  • the bentonite intermediate layer 4 consists of an activated sodium bentonite, which is applied in an amount of approx. 2500 g / m2, which corresponds to a layer thickness of approx. 1 to 2 mm.
  • a roll of nonwoven fabric 1004 R is rolled out over a winding block and fed to a needle chair 7 as carrier layer 2.
  • a weighed amount of dry bentonite with a grain size of a few millimeters is applied to the carrier layer 2.
  • a roll of nonwoven material 201-3 is fed to the bentonite intermediate layer 3 as a cover layer 4 via a further winding block.
  • the needle chair 7 has one or more needle boards. Each needle board is equipped with thousands of needles. The needle boards are moved up and down very quickly (up to approx. 1000 strokes per minute).
  • the needles equipped with notches pierce the nonwoven layers 2, 4 and the bentonite intermediate layer 3, the notches ensuring that the individual fibers are entwined with one another, so that a firm bond is created. Since the needling process is not vibration-free, part of the bentonite applied penetrates into the nonwoven layers, in particular into the pores of the coarse fiber layer of the carrier layer 2 facing the bentonite intermediate layer 3.
  • the sealing mat obtained after leaving the needle chair 7 is wound again on a roll and for on transported to the place of installation, where, after laying and moistening, it fulfills the function of a waterproof sealing mat.
  • the nonwovens specified in Table 1, which consist of high-density polyethylene fibers, are used for both the backing layer 2 and the top layer 4.
  • Carrier layer 2 and cover layer 4 can be the same or different.

Abstract

A waterproof sealing mat and a method of producing it are made available. The sealing mat is composed of a non-woven as supporting layer, an intermediate layer of expandable clay, preferably of sodium bentonite, and a covering layer which is preferably likewise composed of a non-woven, all three layers being sewn together in a needle loom in a conventional manner. When moistened, the bentonite swells and forms the waterproof layer. The waterproof sealing mat is used in particular in hydraulic and waste-disposal engineering. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine vorzugsweise für den Wasser- und Deponiebau geeignete wasserundurchlässige Dichtungsmatte, die im wesentlichen aus einer Träger­schicht, einer Zwischenschicht aus quellfähigem Ton und einer Deckschicht besteht, sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung.The present invention relates to a water-impermeable sealing mat which is preferably suitable for water and landfill construction and which essentially consists of a carrier layer, an intermediate layer of swellable clay and a top layer, and a process for its production.

Derartige Dichtungsmatten sind aus der europäischen Patent­schrift 0 059 625 bekannt, bei der eine flexible Träger­schicht eine Bentonit-Zwischenschicht trägt, auf der sich wiederum eine Deckschicht befinden kann. Alle drei Schich­ten, d.h. die Trägerschicht, die ein Vliesstoff sein kann, die Bentonit-Zwischenschicht und die Abdeckschicht, die eine nicht näher definierte Matte sein kann, sind mittels eines Klebstoffes miteinander verbunden. Ein solches Pro­dukt ist nicht nur in seiner Herstellung durch die Ver­wendung eines Klebstoffes nachteilig, sondern insbesonde­re dadurch, weil sowohl die Trägerschicht als auch die Deckschicht nur über die Bentonit-Zwischenschicht mitein­ander verbunden sind. Darüberhinaus verlieren derartige Dichtungsmatten durch die Verwendung des Klebstoffes, der die einzelnen Schichten verfestigt, an Flexibilität, was sich insbesondere bei Verformungen des Untergrundes von Erdbauwerken sehr nachteilig bemerkbar macht. Außer­dem zeigen diese Dichtungsmatten des Standes der Technik den Nachteil, daß sich die in ihr befindliche Bentonit-­Zwischenschicht beim Befeuchten in allen drei Dimensionen frei ausdehnen kann, wodurch es häufig zu Rissbildungen in der Bentonit-Zwischenschicht kommt, was wiederum die Matten wasserdurchlässig macht.Such sealing mats are known from European patent 0 059 625, in which a flexible carrier layer carries a bentonite intermediate layer, on which in turn a cover layer can be located. All three layers, i.e. the backing layer, which can be a nonwoven fabric, the bentonite intermediate layer and the cover layer, which can be an unspecified mat, are connected to one another by means of an adhesive. Such a product is disadvantageous not only in its manufacture due to the use of an adhesive, but in particular because both the carrier layer and the cover layer are connected to one another only via the bentonite intermediate layer. In addition, such sealing mats lose flexibility due to the use of the adhesive that solidifies the individual layers, which has a particularly disadvantageous effect on deformations of the subsoil of earthworks. In addition, these prior art sealing mats have the disadvantage that the bentonite intermediate layer located therein can expand freely in all three dimensions when moistened, which often leads to cracks forming in the bentonite intermediate layer, which in turn makes the mats permeable to water.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine ab­solut wasserdichte Matte herzustellen, und dabei das Ver­fahren so zu gestalten, daß auf die Verwendung eines Klebstoffes verzichtet werden kann.The object of the present invention is therefore to produce an absolutely watertight mat and to design the method in such a way that the use of an adhesive can be dispensed with.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dadurch, daß (a) die Träger- und/oder die Deckschicht aus einem Vliesstoff und die gegebenenfalls nicht aus einem Vliesstoff bestehende Schicht aus einem Gewebe oder Ge­wirke besteht und (b) alle drei Schichten miteinander vernadelt sind.This object is achieved according to the present invention in that (a) the carrier and / or the top layer a nonwoven fabric and the layer, which may not consist of a nonwoven fabric, consists of a woven or knitted fabric and (b) all three layers are needled together.

Vorzugsweise besteht sowohl die Trägerschicht als auch die Deckschicht aus einem Vliesstoff. Es kann aber auch ein solcher Aufbau gewünscht sein, bei dem die Träger­schicht aus einem Vliesstoff und die Deckschicht aus einem Gewebe oder Gewirke oder die Deckschicht aus einem Vliesstoff und die Trägerschicht aus einem Gewebe oder Gewirke besteht.Both the backing layer and the cover layer preferably consist of a nonwoven fabric. However, such a construction may also be desired in which the backing layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the top layer consists of a woven or knitted fabric or the top layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the backing layer consists of a woven or knitted fabric.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäß beanspruchten, vorzugsweise konti­nuierlich arbeitenden Verfahren geht man so vor, daß man auf die Trägerschicht zunächst die Zwischenschicht aus trockenem, quellfähigen Ton und dann darauf die Deckschicht aufbringt und anschließend alle drei Schichten in einem Nadelstuhl vernadelt.In the process according to the invention, which is preferably operated continuously, the procedure is such that first the intermediate layer of dry, swellable clay is applied to the carrier layer and then the cover layer is applied and then all three layers are needled in a needle chair.

Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Vliesstoffe bestehen vor­zugsweise aus Qualitäts-Kunststoff-Fasern, insbesondere aus Polyethylen-, Polypropylen-, Polyester-, Polyacryl- und/­oder Polyamidfasern. Besonders bevorzugt im Einsatzgebiet der Deponietechnik sind Vliesstoffe aus Polyethylen hoher Dichte (HDPE).The nonwovens used according to the invention preferably consist of quality plastic fibers, in particular of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacrylic and / or polyamide fibers. Nonwovens made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) are particularly preferred in the field of landfill technology.

Derartige Vliesstoffe sind absolut verrottungsfest (resi­stent gegen alle im Gewässer und im Boden vorkommenden Sub­stanzen) und gewährleisten somit nachweislich eine extrem hohe Lebensdauer. Ihre überaus hohe Reißfestigkeit bewirkt eine weitgehende Unempfindlichkeit gegen mechanische Bean­spruchungen. Sie sind hochgradig UV-stabil und haben ein hohes spezifisches Gewicht (großer Vorteil beim Unter­wassereinbau).Such nonwovens are absolutely rot-proof (resistant to all substances found in water and soil) and thus verifiably guarantee an extremely long service life. Their extremely high tensile strength means that they are largely insensitive to mechanical stress. They are highly UV-stable and have a high specific weight (great advantage when underwater installation).

Im Aufbau handelt es sich bei den erfindungsgemäß eingesetz­ten Vliesstoffen vorzugsweise um mechanisch verfestigte Spinnfaservliese. Sie sind so aufgebaut, daß die gekräuselt zusammengefügten Fasern ein Flächengebilde mit unzähligen labyrinthartigen Gängen bilden. Hierbei wird die Boden­struktur ideal nachgebildet. Das Gefüge der Vliesstoffe läßt sich je nach der Bodenbeschaffenheit gröber oder feiner einstellen, so daß eine optimale Anpassung an die an­stehende Bodenart gewährleistet ist. Die mechanische Verfe­stigung garantiert einen hohen Reibungswert zwischen dem an­stehenden Boden und dem Vliesstoff sowie der Abdeckung. An­stelle der durch Vernadelung mechanisch verfestigten Vlies­stoffe kann man auch solche Vliesstoffe einsetzen, die mit­tels der Nähwirktechnik oder durch Verwirbelung mechanisch verfestigt wurden oder chemisch verfestigt wurden.In terms of structure, the nonwovens used according to the invention are preferably mechanically consolidated Spunbonded nonwovens. They are constructed in such a way that the crimped fibers form a flat structure with innumerable labyrinthine passages. The floor structure is ideally reproduced. The structure of the nonwovens can be adjusted coarser or finer depending on the nature of the soil, so that an optimal adaptation to the type of soil is guaranteed. The mechanical strengthening guarantees a high coefficient of friction between the existing floor and the nonwoven and the cover. Instead of the nonwovens mechanically consolidated by needling, it is also possible to use those nonwovens which have been mechanically consolidated or chemically consolidated by means of sewing technology or by swirling.

Zu erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Vliesstoffen gehören bei­spielsweise solche, wie sie aus den nachfolgenden Tabellen 1 und 2 ersichtlich sind.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 Nonwovens used in accordance with the invention include, for example, those as can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 below.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Die Zwischenschicht aus quellfähigem Ton besteht vorzugs­weise aus Bentoniten. Bentonite sind Tone mit merklichem bis hohem Gehalt an Smectit (Montmorillonit), der die Eigenschaften (hohe Quellbarkeit, gutes Wasserbindevermö­gen, hohe Plastizität) maßgebend bestimmt. Um aus einem in Wasser wenig quellfähigen Erdalkali-Bentonit einen hochquellfähigen Aktivbentonit zu erhalten, werden die Erdalkaliionen der Bentonite durch Alkaliionen, vorzugs­weise Natriumionen, ersetzt. Als "hochquellfähiger" Aktivbentonit wird daher Natrium-Bentonit mit seiner stark erhöhten Plastizität, Viskosität, Thixotropie und Wasseraufnahme, gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, be­vorzugt.The intermediate layer made of swellable clay preferably consists of bentonites. Bentonites are clays with a noticeable to high content of smectite (montmorillonite), which determines the properties (high swellability, good water binding capacity, high plasticity). In order to obtain a highly swellable active bentonite from an alkaline earth bentonite with little swellable in water, the Alkaline earth ions of the bentonites replaced by alkali ions, preferably sodium ions. According to the present invention, sodium bentonite with its greatly increased plasticity, viscosity, thixotropy and water absorption is therefore preferred as the "highly swellable" active bentonite.

Die Bentonite können in der Zwischenschicht als Pulver und/oder Granulat vorliegen. Beim Einsatz von Granulat können die Granulatteilchen eine Korngröße von größer als 2,5 mm haben. Sie können selbstverständlich aber auch kleiner sein.The bentonites can be present in the intermediate layer as powder and / or granules. When using granulate, the granulate particles can have a grain size of greater than 2.5 mm. Of course, they can also be smaller.

Außerdem läßt sich eine Verminderung der Wasserdurchläs­sigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungsmatten dadurch er­reichen, daß man bei der Herstellung zunächst auf die Trägerschicht einen mehligen Bentonit aufbringt und gege­benenfalls einrüttelt und dann erst das körnige Bentonit­granulat aufbringt. Anstelle des Einrüttelns des mehli­gen Bentonits in die Trägerschicht kann man auch so ver­fahren, daß man die Trägerschicht zunächst mit einer wässrigen Bentonit-Suspension imprägniert oder eine wäss­rige Bentonitpaste aufwalzt und dann erst, gegebenenfalls nach vorheriger Trocknung, das körnige Bentonitgranulat aufbringt. Gewünschtenfalls kann man die Deckschicht vor ihrer Aufbringung ebenfalls in der vorstehenden Weise wie die Trägerschicht behandeln. Für manche Anwendungs­zwecke kann man sogar die auf diese Weise vorbehandelte Träger- oder Deckschicht allein als Dichtungsmatte ein­setzen.In addition, a reduction in the water permeability of the sealing mats according to the invention can be achieved by first applying a floury bentonite to the support layer during production and, if appropriate, shaking it in and then only applying the granular bentonite granules. Instead of shaking the floury bentonite into the carrier layer, one can also proceed by first impregnating the carrier layer with an aqueous bentonite suspension or rolling on an aqueous bentonite paste and only then, if necessary after prior drying, applying the granular bentonite granules. If desired, the top layer can also be treated in the same way as the carrier layer before it is applied. For some applications, you can even use the carrier or cover layer pretreated in this way alone as a sealing mat.

Die Dicke der Bentonit-Zwischenschicht beträgt je nach Anwendungszweck vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 10,0 mm. Sie kann aber auch kleiner oder größer sein, was sich z.B. auch danach richtet, ob die Träger- und/oder Deckschicht, wie vorstehend angegeben, mit feinstteiligen Bentoniten vor­behandelt wurde oder nicht.The thickness of the bentonite intermediate layer is preferably 0.5 to 10.0 mm, depending on the application. However, it can also be smaller or larger, which also depends, for example, on whether or not the carrier and / or top layer, as stated above, has been pretreated with finely divided bentonites.

Durch die Vernadelung der drei Schichten im Nadelstuhl erhält man den gewünschten festen mechanischen Zusammen­halt der drei Schichten der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs­matte unter gleichzeitiger Ausschaltung des gemäß dem Stande der Technik eingesetzten Klebstoffes. Gleichzei­tig ergeben sich dadurch weitere wesentliche Vorteile. Selbst wenn Träger- und/oder Deckschicht nicht, wie vor­stehend beschrieben, vorbehandelt wurden, erhält man durch die Vernadelung an den der Bentonit-Zwischenschicht zugewandten Innenoberfläche und den darunter liegenden Zonen der Vliesstoffe eine intensive Vermischung von Fasern und Bentonit. Außerdem erhält man durch die feste Vernadelungsverbindung beim Aufquellen des Bentonits durch Befeuchten einen Quellgegendruck, der in Verbin­dung mit der vorstehend geschilderten intensiven Vermi­schung von Fasern und Bentonit eine Wasserundurchlässig­keit der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungsmatten garantiert. Durch die Vernadelung wird ferner die Flexibilität der Dichtungsmatten gewährleistet, die in ihrer Flexibili­tät den guten Verformbarkeitseigenschaften der mechanisch verfestigten Vliesstoffe nahekommt.By needling the three layers in the needle chair, the desired firm mechanical cohesion of the three layers of the sealing mat according to the invention is obtained with simultaneous switching off of the adhesive used according to the prior art. At the same time, there are other significant advantages. Even if the backing and / or top layer have not been pretreated as described above, the needling on the inner surface facing the bentonite intermediate layer and the underlying zones of the nonwovens results in an intensive mixing of fibers and bentonite. In addition, when the bentonite is swollen by moistening, the firm needling connection gives a swelling back pressure which, in conjunction with the intensive mixing of fibers and bentonite described above, guarantees that the sealing mats according to the invention are impermeable to water. The needling also ensures the flexibility of the sealing mats, whose flexibility comes close to the good deformability properties of the mechanically consolidated nonwovens.

Die erfindungsgemäßen wasserundurchlässigen Dichtungs­matten finden insbesondere im Wasser- und Deponiebau Anwendung.The waterproof sealing mats according to the invention are used in particular in water and landfill construction.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird weiterhin anhand der Fig. 1 und 2 und der nachfolgenden Beispiele erläutert, ohne sie jedoch darauf zu beschränken.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt im Querschnitt einen Teil der erfindungs­gemäßen Dichtungsmatte 1;
  • Fig. 2 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung im Längsschnitt die kontinuierliche Herstellung der erfindungsge­mäßen wasserundurchlässigen Dichtungsmatte 1. Von einem Vorratssilo 6 wird der Bentonit als Bentonit-Zwischen­schicht 3 auf die von einer nicht dargestellten Vorrats­rolle abgewickelte Trägerschicht 2 (Vliesstoff) aufge­bracht. Im Anschluß daran wird die ebenfalls von einer nicht dargestellten Vorratsrolle abgewickelte Deckschicht 4 (auch Vliesstoff) auf die Bentonit-Zwischenschicht 3 aufgebracht. Das so erhaltene aus drei Schichten beste­hende Flächengebilde wird durch einen Nadelstuhl 7 geführt, in dem alle drei Schichten in üblicher Weise vernadelt werden. Je nach Schichtdicke der Bentonit-Zwischenschicht 3 wird das vernadelte Flächengebilde, das die wasserun­durchlässige Dichtungsmatte 1 darstellt, auf Rolle ge­wickelt oder jeweils in der gewünschten Länge abgeschnit­ten.
The present invention is further explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the following examples, but without restricting it to them.
  • Fig. 1 shows in cross section a part of the sealing mat 1 according to the invention;
  • 2 shows a schematic representation in longitudinal section of the continuous production of the waterproof sealing mat 1 according to the invention. The bentonite is applied as a bentonite intermediate layer 3 from a storage silo 6 to the carrier layer 2 (nonwoven fabric) unwound from a supply roll (not shown). Subsequently, the cover layer 4 (also nonwoven), which is also unwound from a supply roll (not shown), is applied to the bentonite intermediate layer 3. The three-layer fabric thus obtained is passed through a needle chair 7 in which all three layers are needled in the usual way. Depending on the layer thickness of the bentonite intermediate layer 3, the needled fabric, which is the waterproof sealing mat 1, is wound on a roll or cut to the desired length.

Nach der großflächigen Verlegung der so hergestellten Dichtungsmatten am Einsatzort können die Dichtungsmatten an ihren Rändern, mit denen sie aneinanderstoßen, mitein­ander verschweißt oder zusammengenäht werden, wodurch auch an den Stoßkanten gewährleistet ist, daß sich die Bentonit-Zwischenschicht 3 beim Aufquellen an den Stoß­kanten zu einer zusammenhängenden wasserundurchlässigen Zwischenschicht verbindet. Eine wasserdichte Überlappung erreicht man auch dadurch, daß man zwischen den sich über­lappenden Bereichen eine Bentonitraupe einbringt und dann diese Bereiche zusammenpreßt.After the large-area laying of the sealing mats produced in this way at the place of use, the sealing mats can be welded or sewn together at their edges with which they meet, which also ensures at the abutting edges that the bentonite intermediate layer 3 forms a swelling at the abutting edges connected continuous water-impermeable intermediate layer. A waterproof overlap is also achieved by inserting a bentoni track between the overlapping areas and then pressing these areas together.

Beispiel 1example 1

Zur Herstellung einer Dichtungsmatte für Wasserbau verwen­det man als Trägerschicht 2 einen Vliesstoff 1004 R und als Deckschicht 4 einen Vliesstoff 201-3 mit den nachfol­ gend angegebenen Kennwerten:

Figure imgb0003
To produce a sealing mat for hydraulic engineering, a nonwoven fabric 1004 R is used as the carrier layer 2 and a nonwoven fabric 201-3 with the following layers is used as the cover layer 4 specified values:
Figure imgb0003

Der Vliesstoff 1004 R ist eine seit Jahren eingesetzte und bewährte Wasserbaumatte. Die Produktionsbreite be­trägt in der Regel 4,80 m. Er stellt einen Verbundstoff aus zwei Vliesstoffschichten dar, und zwar aus einer Filterschicht aus Polyester (PES; ca. 70 % Anteil am Gesamtgewicht) und einer Grobfaserschicht aus Polypropylen­fasern (ca. 30 % Anteil am Gesamtgewicht). Die Fasern sind durch Vernadeln rein mechanisch verfestigt. Dieser als Trägerschicht 2 dienende Zweischicht-Verbundvlies hat eine Schichtdicke von größer als 6,0 mm.The non-woven fabric 1004 R has been a tried and tested hydraulic engineering mat for years. The production width is usually 4.80 m. It is a composite of two nonwoven layers, namely a filter layer made of polyester (PES; approx. 70% of the total weight) and a coarse fiber layer made of polypropylene fibers (approx. 30% of the total weight). The fibers are mechanically consolidated by needling. This two-layer composite fleece serving as carrier layer 2 has a layer thickness of greater than 6.0 mm.

Der Vliesstoff 201-3 ist ein einschichtiger Vliesstoff aus 100 % Polyesterfasern. Wie aus der vorstehenden Tabelle ersichtlich, beträgt das Flächengewicht ca. 225 g/m² und die Schichtdicke ca. 2,8 mm. Die Produk­ tionsbreite beträgt in der Regel ebenfalls 4,80 m.The non-woven fabric 201-3 is a single-layer non-woven fabric made of 100% polyester fibers. As can be seen from the table above, the weight per unit area is approx. 225 g / m² and the layer thickness is approx. 2.8 mm. The produc tion width is also usually 4.80 m.

Die Bentonit-Zwischenschicht 4 besteht aus einem aktivier­ten Natrium-Bentonit, das in einer Menge von ca. 2500 g/m² aufgebracht wird, was einer Schichtdicke von ca. 1 bis 2 mm entspricht.The bentonite intermediate layer 4 consists of an activated sodium bentonite, which is applied in an amount of approx. 2500 g / m², which corresponds to a layer thickness of approx. 1 to 2 mm.

Bei der Herstellung geht man wie folgt vor:The process is as follows:

Eine Rolle Vliesstoff 1004 R wird über einen Wickelblock abgerollt und als Trägerschicht 2 einem Nadelstuhl 7 zu­geführt. Während des Abrollvorganges wird eine abgewoge­ne Menge trockenen Bentonits mit einer Korngröße von wenigen Millimetern auf die Trägerschicht 2 aufgebracht. Gleichzeitig wird eine Rolle Vliesstoff 201-3 über einen weiteren Wickelblock als Deckschicht 4 der Bentonit-­Zwischenschicht 3 zugeführt. Diese drei Schichten durch­laufen dann den Nadelstuhl 7 und werden dort mechanisch fest miteinander verbunden.A roll of nonwoven fabric 1004 R is rolled out over a winding block and fed to a needle chair 7 as carrier layer 2. During the rolling process, a weighed amount of dry bentonite with a grain size of a few millimeters is applied to the carrier layer 2. At the same time, a roll of nonwoven material 201-3 is fed to the bentonite intermediate layer 3 as a cover layer 4 via a further winding block. These three layers then pass through the needle chair 7 and are mechanically firmly connected to one another there.

Der Nadelstuhl 7 weist ein oder mehrere Nadelbretter auf. Jedes Nadelbrett ist mit tausenden von Nadeln ausgerüstet. Die Nadelbretter werden sehr schnell auf und ab geführt (bis ca. 1000 Hübe je Minute). Die mit Einkerbungen aus­gestatteten Nadeln durchstechen die Vliesstoffschichten 2, 4 und die Bentonit-Zwischenschicht 3, wobei die Ein­kerbungen dafür sorgen, daß die einzelnen Fasern mitein­ander verschlungen werden, so daß ein fester Verbund entsteht. Da der Vernadelungsvorgang nicht vibrations­frei ist, dringt ein Teil des aufgebrachten Bentonits in die Faservliesschichten, insbesondere in die Poren die der Bentonit-Zwischenschicht 3 zugewandten Grobfaser­schicht der Trägerschicht 2 ein.The needle chair 7 has one or more needle boards. Each needle board is equipped with thousands of needles. The needle boards are moved up and down very quickly (up to approx. 1000 strokes per minute). The needles equipped with notches pierce the nonwoven layers 2, 4 and the bentonite intermediate layer 3, the notches ensuring that the individual fibers are entwined with one another, so that a firm bond is created. Since the needling process is not vibration-free, part of the bentonite applied penetrates into the nonwoven layers, in particular into the pores of the coarse fiber layer of the carrier layer 2 facing the bentonite intermediate layer 3.

Die nach Verlassen des Nadelstuhls 7 erhaltene Dichtungs­matte wird wieder auf eine Rolle gewickelt und zum Ein­ satzort transportiert, wo sie nach Verlegung und Be­feuchtung die Funktion als wasserundurchlässige Dich­tungsmatte erfüllt.The sealing mat obtained after leaving the needle chair 7 is wound again on a roll and for on transported to the place of installation, where, after laying and moistening, it fulfills the function of a waterproof sealing mat.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Zur Herstellung einer wasserundurchlässigen Dichtungs­matte für den Deponiebau verwendet man sowohl für die Trägerschicht 2 als auch für die Deckschicht 4 die in Tabelle 1 angegebenen Vliesstoffe, die aus Polyethylen­fasern hoher Dichte bestehen. Trägerschicht 2 und Deck­schicht 4 können dabei gleich oder unterschiedlich sein.For the production of a water-impermeable sealing mat for landfill construction, the nonwovens specified in Table 1, which consist of high-density polyethylene fibers, are used for both the backing layer 2 and the top layer 4. Carrier layer 2 and cover layer 4 can be the same or different.

Claims (10)

1. Wasserundurchlässige Dichtungsmatte, bestehend im we­sentlichen aus einer Trägerschicht, einer Zwischen­schicht aus quellfähigem Ton und einer Deckschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß (a) die Träger- und/oder die Deckschicht aus einem Vliesstoff und die gegebenenfalls nicht aus einem Vliesstoff bestehende Schicht aus einem Gewebe oder Gewirke besteht und (b) alle drei Schichten miteinander vernadelt sind. 1. Waterproof sealing mat, consisting essentially of a carrier layer, an intermediate layer of swellable clay and a cover layer, characterized in that (a) the carrier and / or the cover layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the layer, which may not consist of a nonwoven fabric, consists of a woven or knitted fabric and (b) all three layers are needled together. 2. Dichtungsmatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Vliesstoffe mechanisch verfestigte Spinnfaservliese sind.2. Sealing mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the nonwovens are mechanically consolidated spunbond nonwovens. 3. Dichtungsmatte nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Vliesstoffe aus nichtverrottbaren Kunststoff-Fasern bestehen, vorzugsweise aus Polyole­fin-Fasern, insbesondere aus Polyethylen hoher Dichte (HDPE).3. Sealing mat according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the nonwovens consist of non-rotten plastic fibers, preferably of polyolefin fibers, in particular of high density polyethylene (HDPE). 4. Dichtungsmatte nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Zwischenschicht aus einem Bentonit, vorzugsweise aus einem alkalisch aktivierten Bentonit, insbesondere aus einem aktivierten Natrium-Bentonit, besteht.4. Sealing mat according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the intermediate layer consists of a bentonite, preferably an alkaline activated bentonite, in particular an activated sodium bentonite. 5. Dichtungsmatte nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß der eingesetzte Bentonit pulverförmig oder granulatförmig ist.5. Sealing mat according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the bentonite used is powdery or granular. 6. Dichtungsmatte nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß ein Bentonit-Granulat mit einer Korngröße von mindestens 2,5 mm eingesetzt wird.6. Sealing mat according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that a bentonite granulate with a grain size of at least 2.5 mm is used. 7. Dichtungsmatte nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Trägerschicht 1 bis 10 mm, die Bentonit-­Zwischenschicht 0,5 bis 10 mm und die Deckschicht 1 bis 10 mm dick sind.7. Sealing mat according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the carrier layer 1 to 10 mm, the bentonite intermediate layer 0.5 to 10 mm and the cover layer are 1 to 10 mm thick. 8. Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Dich­tungsmatten gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß man auf die Trägerschicht den trockenen pulver­förmigen bis granulatförmigen quellfähigen Ton auf­bringt, die Deckschicht darüberlegt und den erhaltenen Drei-Schichtstoff durch einen Nadelstuhl zwecks Verna­delung von Trägerschicht und Deckschicht führt.8. A process for the continuous production of sealing mats according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the dry powdery to granular swellable clay is applied to the backing layer, the top layer is laid over it and the resulting three-layer material is passed through a needle chair for needling the backing layer and top layer . 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen trockenen aktivierten Natrium-Bentonit mit einer durchschnittlichen Korngröße von mindestens 2,5 mm auf die Trägerschicht aufbringt.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that one applies a dry activated sodium bentonite with an average grain size of at least 2.5 mm to the carrier layer. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß man die Trägerschicht und/oder die Deckschicht vor dem Zusammenbringen mit der Zwischenschicht mit einer Bentonit-Suspension imprägniert oder in diese Schichten sehr feinteiligen Bentonit aufbringt und ge­gebenenfalls einrüttelt.10. The method according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the carrier layer and / or the top layer is impregnated with a bentonite suspension before being brought together with the intermediate layer, or very fine-particle bentonite is applied to these layers and optionally shaken.
EP88101679A 1987-02-13 1988-02-05 Waterproof sealing mat, essentially composed of a supporting layer, and intermediate layer of expandable clay, and a covering layer Expired - Lifetime EP0278419B1 (en)

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EP0437723A3 (en) * 1990-01-16 1992-08-05 Huels Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft Composite seal
EP0437723A2 (en) * 1990-01-16 1991-07-24 Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft Composite seal
EP0449182A2 (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-10-02 SERVIZI ECOLOGICI S.p.A. Composite self-sealing membrane, particularly for the waterproofing of construction elements, pits, tanks and the like, and process for the manufacture thereof
EP0449182A3 (en) * 1990-03-28 1992-04-15 Servizi Ecologici S.P.A. Composite self-sealing membrane, particularly for the waterproofing of construction elements, pits, tanks and the like, and process for the manufacture thereof
WO1992010617A1 (en) * 1990-12-06 1992-06-25 Akzo Nv Use of a protective mat for sealing webs
EP0490529A1 (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-06-17 James Clem Corporation Clay liner for steep slopes
US5654064A (en) * 1990-12-11 1997-08-05 Claymax Corporation Clay liner for steep slopes
US5346565A (en) * 1990-12-17 1994-09-13 American Colloid Company Water barrier of water-swellable clay sandwiched between interconnected layers of flexible fabric needled together using a lubricant
US5237945A (en) * 1990-12-17 1993-08-24 American Colloid Company Water barrier formed from a clay-fiber mat
EP0491454A1 (en) * 1990-12-17 1992-06-24 Amcol International Corporation A method of manufacturing a multilayer article
US5346566A (en) * 1990-12-17 1994-09-13 American Colloid Company Water barrier of water-swellable clay or other abrasive material sandwiched between interconnected layers of flexible fabric sewn or needled together using a lubricant and/or a liquid adhesive
US5389166A (en) * 1990-12-17 1995-02-14 American Colloid Company Water barrier formed from a clay-fiber mat
EP0491453A1 (en) * 1990-12-17 1992-06-24 Amcol International Corporation Waterproofing material
AT398284B (en) * 1991-05-10 1994-11-25 Hofinger Rudolf G METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SEALING MAT, AND SEALING MAT PRODUCED BY THIS PROCESS
EP0522481A1 (en) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-13 SERVIZI ECOLOGICI S.p.A. Sealing liner, Particularly for eliminating infiltrations
DE4133097A1 (en) * 1991-10-05 1993-04-08 Friedrich Geb Filter bed mat - has layers of textile material and sand held in position by needle punching
EP0536475A1 (en) * 1991-10-08 1993-04-14 Paul Schreck Waterimpervious liner to be used in civil engineering for the protection of soil from liquids
US6537676B1 (en) 1992-08-26 2003-03-25 Rawell Group Holdings Limited Waterproofing material and method of fabrication therefor
FR2699855A1 (en) * 1992-12-31 1994-07-01 Guiraud Patrick Composite flexible sheet for dispensing water, absorbing oil or chemical liq.
EP0667417A1 (en) * 1994-02-08 1995-08-16 Rudolf G. Hofinger Method for sealing an impervious barrier in soil
EP0684343A1 (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-29 Süd-Chemie Ag Process for the production of impervious walls
US5584609A (en) * 1995-04-04 1996-12-17 Claymax Corporation Geosynthetic clay liner and method of manufacture
US5900085A (en) * 1995-04-04 1999-05-04 Claymax Corporation Method of manufacturing a geosynthetic clay liner
EP0736633A1 (en) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-09 Claymax Corporation Geosynthetic clay liner and method of manufacture thereof
WO1997006222A1 (en) * 1995-08-03 1997-02-20 Thomas Eichenauer Mats with integrated rubber mulch
NL1014348C2 (en) 2000-02-10 2001-08-13 Louis Hubertus Maria Kreukels Mat used for floor coverings comprises two carrier layers of and an intermediate pre-wetted layer of a swellable clay composition containing at least 50 wt.% extrudable calcium bentonite
WO2004016425A3 (en) * 2002-08-15 2004-04-29 Paul Vogt Sealing mat comprising a superabsorbent layer, method for the production thereof, use thereof, superabsorber, and hot melt adhesive
US9516914B2 (en) 2006-09-06 2016-12-13 IQTEX Patentverwaltunq UG Self-closing ventilation insert and method for producing it
WO2008146074A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Laviosa Chimica Mineraria S.P.A. Apparatus for making bentonitic needled geocomposite products
EP2151317A1 (en) 2008-08-05 2010-02-10 Volteco S.p.A. Waterproof membrane, particularly for insulating buildings subjected to hydrostatic pressure
ITTV20080104A1 (en) * 2008-08-05 2010-02-06 Volteco S P A WATERPROOF MEMBRANE, PARTICULARLY FOR THE INSULATION OF CONSTRUCTIONS SUBJECT TO HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE.
EP2199447A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-23 Michael C. Dehn Superabsorbent polymer felt and method for its manufacture
WO2010069592A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Michael Christian Dehn Super absorber polymer felt and method for the production thereof
US8844158B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2014-09-30 Iqtex Patentverwaltung Ug Super absorber polymer felt and method for the production thereof
RU2543602C2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2015-03-10 Икветекс Патентфервальтунг Уг (Хафтунгсбешрэнкт) Felt from superabsorbing polymer and method of manufacturing thereof
RU2543602C9 (en) * 2008-12-19 2015-07-20 Икветекс Патентфервальтунг Уг (Хафтунгсбешрэнкт) Felt from superabsorbing polymer and method of manufacturing thereof
EP2439342A1 (en) 2010-10-06 2012-04-11 Naue GmbH & Co. KG Reinforcement mesh
WO2016146709A1 (en) 2015-03-17 2016-09-22 Volteco S.P.A. Self-repairing and self-sealing waterproof membrane, for insulating built structures subjected to hydrostatic pressure
US11007755B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2021-05-18 Volteco S.P.A. Self-repairing and self-sealing waterproof membrane, for insulating built structures subjected to hydrostatic pressure

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US5041330A (en) 1991-08-20
FI880668A0 (en) 1988-02-12
DK164957B (en) 1992-09-21
ATE75275T1 (en) 1992-05-15
NO168660B (en) 1991-12-09
DE3704503C3 (en) 1998-02-26
FI88064C (en) 1993-03-25
AU604839B2 (en) 1991-01-03
AU1166888A (en) 1988-08-18
DK75088D0 (en) 1988-02-12
IE880311L (en) 1988-08-13
GR3005195T3 (en) 1993-05-24
DK164957C (en) 1993-02-15
EP0278419B1 (en) 1992-04-22
DE3704503A1 (en) 1988-08-25
NO880640D0 (en) 1988-02-12
GB2202185A (en) 1988-09-21
NO880640L (en) 1988-08-15
IE60781B1 (en) 1994-08-10
SG113592G (en) 1993-06-11
FI880668A (en) 1988-08-14
FI88064B (en) 1992-12-15
CA1310569C (en) 1992-11-24
DE3870273D1 (en) 1992-05-27
GB8803277D0 (en) 1988-03-09
DE3704503C2 (en) 1990-03-08
EP0278419A3 (en) 1989-03-29
GB2202185B (en) 1990-10-17
DK75088A (en) 1988-08-14
NO168660C (en) 1992-03-18
ES2031166T3 (en) 1992-12-01
HK45393A (en) 1993-05-21

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