EP0345239A1 - Cup-type grinding wheel and use of the same for grinding and mechanically polishing glass - Google Patents

Cup-type grinding wheel and use of the same for grinding and mechanically polishing glass Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0345239A1
EP0345239A1 EP89870071A EP89870071A EP0345239A1 EP 0345239 A1 EP0345239 A1 EP 0345239A1 EP 89870071 A EP89870071 A EP 89870071A EP 89870071 A EP89870071 A EP 89870071A EP 0345239 A1 EP0345239 A1 EP 0345239A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding wheel
microns
axis
cup
rotation
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EP89870071A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Charles Pierre Hallez
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Diamant Boart NV SA
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Diamant Boart NV SA
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Publication of EP0345239A1 publication Critical patent/EP0345239A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cup type grinding wheel, provided with an abrasive coating disposed symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel and formed of diamond elements produced from diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic binder. or organic and separated by grooves.
  • the invention finds its main application in the glass industry, the crystal industry and the manufacture of ceramic objects.
  • Document FR-B-1104941 discloses a grinding wheel of the kind described above, constituted by a body receiving a working strip having an embossed appearance.
  • the strip is formed by diamond elements produced from diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic or organic binder, said diamond elements being separated by grooves, so as to have a square, parallelepiped, lozenge, circular, hexagonal or irregular shape.
  • the profile, shape and dimensions of this wheel are very varied and the size of the grains is a function of the type of operation expected from the grinding wheel, from roughing to specular polishing.
  • Document BE-A-905.292 discloses a mechanical process for polishing and / or smoothing a flat surface of a glass object driven in rotation about an axis perpendicular to this surface.
  • This method uses an abrasive crown of a rotary grinding wheel, the abrasive crown rotating around an axis offset, relative to its geometric axis, by a distance less than the radius of the crown, and the axis of rotation of the crown. being parallel to the geometric axis of the latter and to the axis of rotation of the surface to be treated.
  • the sweeping of the surface to be treated by the rotary grinding wheel under constant pressure along a flat or curved surface of a glass, crystal or ceramic material object provides perfect polishing free of streaks. If the grain is fine enough, the grinding wheel restores the shine on the surfaces of glass, crystal or ceramic objects, which have become dull due to prior grinding operation. However, it has the drawback of comprising a strip of abrasive material mounted eccentrically on the crown of the grinding wheel.
  • Document BE-A-08700437 also discloses a method for mechanically polishing a flat surface of a glass object using a cup type grinding wheel having its side furnished with a strip of abrasive material, the grinding wheel being driven in rotation about an axis inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of the surface to be polished, so as to apply the grinding wheel against the object to be polished along a contact generator, under an appropriate and constant pressure for the duration of grinding and / or polishing.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to scan each point of the surface to be treated and to achieve a well defined depth of pass.
  • the flank of the cup type grinding wheel is lined with a removable strip carried by a support of compressible elastic material, mounted eccentrically to the geometric axis of the grinding wheel, by a distance less than the mean radius of the flank of the grinding wheel, the axis of rotation of the strip being inclined relative to its geometric axis and relative to the axis of rotation of the surface to be treated.
  • This method like the previous one, has the disadvantage of using a removable strip of abrasive material mounted so offset on the crown of the wheel.
  • the balancing of this eccentric mass relative to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is done using an unbalance mounted on the grinding wheel.
  • the balance gradually deteriorates and we observe the appearance of more and more annoying vibrations.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. It offers a cup type grinding wheel fitted with a coating extending symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel and formed of diamond elements produced from diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic or organic binder, said diamond elements being separated by grooves, characterized in that the abrasive coating is fixed on at least part of the surface of the grinding wheel and in that it is composed of diamond grains having a size between 1 and 100 microns.
  • the abrasive grains belong to one of the following classes: 15 - 30 microns 10 - 20 microns 6 - 12 microns 4 - 8 microns 3 - 6 microns.
  • the grooves have a width of between 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 2 mm, and a depth of 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 1 mm.
  • the grooves are orthogonal to each other and determine squares having approximately 4 to 12 mm in side, preferably sides of 6 mm.
  • the grooves advantageously have a width of 1 to 3 mm, and a depth of 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • Grooves are generally provided in the abrasive coating of the grinding wheels intended for roughing operations on a surface of hard material, that is to say in an abrasive coating consisting of relatively large grains.
  • the known grinding wheels, intended for finishing operations generally have a uniform abrasive surface with fine grains or with diamond concretion with metallic or resinoid binder fixed on an elastic support as described in European patent application No. 793027921.
  • an embossed abrasive coating fixed directly to the body of the cup type grinding wheel as claimed provides a better surface finish than an abrasive coating distributed uniformly over the surface of the grinding wheel.
  • the grinding wheel according to the invention makes it possible to complete a surface of glass or more or less rough mineral material which has already undergone a preliminary roughing and / or cutting operation, by which the coarsest defects, such as blows, are eliminated. blades, deviations or defects in removal of the pontil if it is a molded part.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the abovementioned wheel for grinding and polishing. mechanics of a flat or substantially curved surface of a glass object.
  • the grinding wheel In the case of a cup-type grinding wheel with a cylindrical flank, the grinding wheel is of course driven in rotation about an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the surface.
  • the grinding wheel has a frustoconical side or in a spherical surface segment, it is rotated around an axis inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the surface to grind and mechanically polish a spherical surface, so applying said grinding wheel along a portion of contact surface, against the object to be polished, under an appropriate and constant pressure for the duration of grinding and / or polishing.
  • the grinding wheel is usually driven in rotation at a speed of the order of 1800 to 4000 revolutions / minute around its axis of rotation.
  • the invention makes it possible to modify, without charge, the equipment existing to date to implement the method described above.
  • the mechanical smoothing and / or polishing process using the grinding wheel according to the invention lends itself perfectly to automation. It allows to combine the roughing, the size and the polishing of a surface in mineral material, these various operations being distributed either on various machines with transfer members from one machine to another, or gathered on a single and same machine in which grinding stations are arranged in series so as to successively receive the object to be treated. Objects can be loaded continuously and the above operations can be robotized.
  • the grinding wheel according to the invention accelerates the obtaining of a perfect optical polish by a completely automatic process, making possible the mechanical mass production of glass or crystal surfaces which was until now only accessible by manual processes. and empirical.
  • the cup-type grinding wheel designated as a whole by the reference sign 1 has an annular ring 2 provided on its upper face 4 with an abrasive coating 3 fixed for example by electrolytic deposition, so as to form an annular, uniform abrasive surface, arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation LL ′ of the grinding wheel 1.
  • the abrasive coating 3 consists of fine diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic or organic binder.
  • the diamond grains in accordance with the invention, have a size of between 1 and 100 microns approximately and belong to one of the following particle size classes: 15 - 30 microns 10 - 20 microns 6 - 12 microns 4 - 8 microns 3 - 6 microns
  • the grooves 5 intended to facilitate watering during the work of the grinding wheel.
  • the grooves 5 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation LL ′ of the grinding wheel and they are orthogonal to one another, for example determining squares 12 having approximately 4 to 12 mm in side, preferably squares with 6 mm sides.
  • the grooves 5 advantageously have a width of 0.5 to 4 mm and a depth of about 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • the diamond crown 2 has for example a width of between 10 and 40 mm (preferably 30 mm), furnished with squares 12 interspersed with intersecting grooves 5 preferably having a width of approximately 2 mm and a depth of approximately 1 mm.
  • a grinding wheel according to Figure 1 can be used to soften and / or polish a flat surface of an object made of glass, crystal or ceramic material for example.
  • Figure 2 shows a grinding wheel 1 according to Figure 1 and the perimeter of the flat base 10 of a glass object.
  • the surface to be treated 10 is kept constantly in contact with the abrasive coating by any means.
  • the contact area is hatched in Figure 2 and designated by the reference sign 11.
  • the grinding wheel is rotated around the axis LL ′ which is parallel to the axis of rotation SS ′ of the surface to be treated 10 and it is made to sweep the surface 10 in directions perpendicular to each other, so as to cover the entire surface 10 to be polished while maintaining a constant pressure.
  • the sweeping is done under intense watering.
  • the grinding wheel according to the invention may also have an abrasive coating on any part of its surface, for example on an oblique flank forming a frustoconical surface or any surface segment of curved revolution.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents an exemplary machine (machine type MAXI-FLETTE® of the firm BIEBUYCK ®) using a grinding wheel according to the invention the abrasive coating of which covers the frustoconical flank 2.
  • the machine shown in FIG. 2 comprises a rotary gripping head 18 driven by a drive motor 21, a means for feeding the gripping head and an object 7 towards the grinding wheel 1 rotated to apply said object to the grinding wheel under an appropriate and controlled pneumatic pressure for the duration of grinding and / or polishing.
  • the cup type wheel is wedged on a floating shaft 8 of an electric motor 9, as described in Belgian patent No 696.828.
  • the object 7 having a surface 10 to be treated is gripped in a gripping plate 18 driven in rotation by the shaft 20 of the motor 21, for example in the direction of the arrow X, around an axis of rotation SS ′ perpendicular to the surface 10 to be treated.
  • This surface 10 is brought into contact parallel to itself with the abrasive coating 3 of the frustoconical diamond crown 2 of a rotary grinding wheel 1, this crown 2 rotating around its geometric axis LL ′ which is here inclined relative to the axis SS ′.
  • the crown 2 is driven in a rotational movement around the axis LL ′, in the direction of the arrow Y.
  • the speeds and the directions of rotation of the surface 10 to be treated and of the diamond crown 2 can be identical or different.
  • the drive motor 21 of the rotating object 7 is hydraulically controlled. Its speed can be varied continuously from 1 revolution to 40 revolutions / minute by means of a speed regulator.
  • the grinding wheel is subjected to a sweeping movement in directions perpendicular to each other, so as to cover the entire surface to be polished. This sweep is done under intense watering.
  • the amplitude of each scan is of the order of 10 to 100 mm, preferably 40 mm.
  • a substantially constant pressure is applied by the diamond crown 2 to the surface 10 during the treatment thereof. This constant pressure is ensured by the floating shaft 8 which is itself subjected to a thrust exerted by a fluid as described in Belgian patent No 696.828.
  • the abrasive ring can have an outside diameter of 100 mm to 250 mm, preferably a diameter of 150 mm.
  • the abrasive coating 3 can have a width of 10 to 40 mm, preferably a width of 30 mm, an outside diameter of 150 mm and an inside diameter of about 90 mm.
  • FIG. 4 represents a machine similar to that which is shown in FIG. 3, but in which a grinding wheel according to the invention is used, the abrasive coating of which extends on a side 2 forming a segment of surface of curved revolution.
  • results obtained on rough glass or crystal surfaces, to be cut on a flat (or spherical concave) surface depend on the fineness of the diamond used.
  • diamond belonging to one of the following classes 15 - 30 microns 10 - 20 microns 6 - 12 microns 4 - 8 microns 3 - 6 microns.
  • Cerium oxide buffing can be applied directly manually or automatically.

Abstract

A grinding wheel (1), the abrasive coating (3) of which is fixed over at least a part (2) of the surface of the grinding wheel and is composed of grains of diamond agglomerated by a metallic or organic binder, the grains of diamond having a size lying between 1 and 100 microns. The abrasive coating (3) has grooves (5) arranged symmetrically relative to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel.

Description

La présente invention est relative à une meule type boisseau, garnie d'un revêtement abrasif disposé de manière symétrique par rapport à l'axe de rota­tion de la meule et formé d'éléments diamantés réali­sés à partir de grains de diamant agglomérés par un liant métallique ou organique et séparés par des rainures.The present invention relates to a cup type grinding wheel, provided with an abrasive coating disposed symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel and formed of diamond elements produced from diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic binder. or organic and separated by grooves.

Elle concerne également l'utilisation de cette meule pour le doucissage et le polissage mécaniques d'une surface plane d'un objet en verre.It also relates to the use of this grinding wheel for the mechanical smoothing and polishing of a flat surface of a glass object.

L'invention trouve sa principale application dans l'industrie du verre, la cristallerie et la manufac­ture d'objets céramiques.The invention finds its main application in the glass industry, the crystal industry and the manufacture of ceramic objects.

On connaît par le document FR-B-1104941 une meule du genre décrit ci-dessus, constituée par un corps recevant un bandeau travaillant présentant un aspect gaufré. Le bandeau est formé par des éléments diamantés réalisés à partir de grains de diamant agglomérés par un liant métallique ou organique, lesdits éléments diamantés étant séparés par des gorges, de manière à présenter une formé carrée, parallélipipédique, losangique, circulaire, hexagona­le ou irrégulière. Les profil, forme et dimensions de cette meule sont très variés et la grosseur des grains est fonction du genre d'opération qu'on attend de la meule, depuis l'ébauche jusqu'au poli spéculaire.Document FR-B-1104941 discloses a grinding wheel of the kind described above, constituted by a body receiving a working strip having an embossed appearance. The strip is formed by diamond elements produced from diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic or organic binder, said diamond elements being separated by grooves, so as to have a square, parallelepiped, lozenge, circular, hexagonal or irregular shape. The profile, shape and dimensions of this wheel are very varied and the size of the grains is a function of the type of operation expected from the grinding wheel, from roughing to specular polishing.

Le document ne cite cependant qu'un seul exemple de grain fin de diamant, soit un grain de l'ordre de 180 microns. Pour une finesse de grain inférieure à 100 microns,il était à craindre qu'il se produise un déchaussement exagéré des grains fins qui s'échappe­raient du revêtement avant d'avoir complètement tra­vaillé.However, the document cites only one example of a fine diamond grain, a grain of the order of 180 microns. For a grain fineness of less than 100 microns, it was to be feared that there would be an exaggerated loosening of the fine grains which would escape from the coating before having completely worked.

Par le document BE-A-905.292, on connaît un procédé mécanique pour polir et/ou doucir une surface plane d'un objet en verre entraîné en rotation autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à cette surface. Ce procédé utilise une couronne abrasive d'une meule rotative, la couronne abrasive tournant autour d'un axe décalé, par rapport à son axe géométrique, d'une distance inférieure au rayon de la couronne, et l'axe de rotation de la couronne étant parallèle à l'axe géo­métrique de celle-ci et à l'axe de rotation de la surface à traiter.Document BE-A-905.292 discloses a mechanical process for polishing and / or smoothing a flat surface of a glass object driven in rotation about an axis perpendicular to this surface. This method uses an abrasive crown of a rotary grinding wheel, the abrasive crown rotating around an axis offset, relative to its geometric axis, by a distance less than the radius of the crown, and the axis of rotation of the crown. being parallel to the geometric axis of the latter and to the axis of rotation of the surface to be treated.

Le balayage de la surface à traiter par la meule rotative sous pression constante le long d'une sur­face plane ou courbe d'un objet en verre, en cristal ou en matériau céramique (par exemple un verre à boire, un vase, un cendrier ou tout autre objet en matériau minéral présentant une surface plane ou à rayon de courbure de préférence de plus d'un mètre), procure un polissage parfait exempt de stries. Si le grain est suffisamment fin, la meule restaure la brillance des surfaces d'objets en verre, en cristal ou matière céramique, devenues mates en raison d'une opération de meulage préalable. Elle présente cepen­dant l'inconvénient de comprendre un bandeau de matière abrasive monté de manière excentrée sur la couronne de la meule.The sweeping of the surface to be treated by the rotary grinding wheel under constant pressure along a flat or curved surface of a glass, crystal or ceramic material object (for example a drinking glass, a vase, an ashtray or any other object made of mineral material having a flat surface or with a radius of curvature preferably more than one meter), provides perfect polishing free of streaks. If the grain is fine enough, the grinding wheel restores the shine on the surfaces of glass, crystal or ceramic objects, which have become dull due to prior grinding operation. However, it has the drawback of comprising a strip of abrasive material mounted eccentrically on the crown of the grinding wheel.

On connaît aussi par le document BE-A-08700437 un procédé pour polir mécaniquement une surface plane d'un objet en verre à l'aide d'une meule type bois­seau ayant son flanc garni d'un bandeau de matière abrasive, la meule étant entraînée en rotation autour d'un axe incliné par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la surface à polir, de manière à appliquer la meule contre l'objet à polir le long d'une génératrice de contact, sous une pression appropriée et constante pendant la durée du meulage et/ou du polissage. Cet­te disposition permet de balayer chaque point de la surface à traiter et de réaliser une profondeur de passe bien définie. Le flanc de la meule type bois­seau est garni d'un bandeau amovible porté par un support de matériau élastique compressible, monté de manière excentrée par rapport à l'axe géométrique de la meule, d'une distance inférieure au rayon moyen du flanc de la meule, l'axe de rotation du bandeau étant incliné par rapport à son axe géométrique et par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la surface à traiter. On engendre ainsi, le long de la génératrice de contact entre l'objet à polir et la meule, une sur­face restreinte de contact permettant un échauffement très localisé à la surface à polir pendant le polis­sage, la surface à polir étant ainsi soumise à une microfusion.Document BE-A-08700437 also discloses a method for mechanically polishing a flat surface of a glass object using a cup type grinding wheel having its side furnished with a strip of abrasive material, the grinding wheel being driven in rotation about an axis inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of the surface to be polished, so as to apply the grinding wheel against the object to be polished along a contact generator, under an appropriate and constant pressure for the duration of grinding and / or polishing. This arrangement makes it possible to scan each point of the surface to be treated and to achieve a well defined depth of pass. The flank of the cup type grinding wheel is lined with a removable strip carried by a support of compressible elastic material, mounted eccentrically to the geometric axis of the grinding wheel, by a distance less than the mean radius of the flank of the grinding wheel, the axis of rotation of the strip being inclined relative to its geometric axis and relative to the axis of rotation of the surface to be treated. There is thus generated, along the contact generator between the object to be polished and the grinding wheel, a restricted contact surface allowing very localized heating to the surface to be polished during polishing, the surface to be polished thus being subjected to a microfusion .

Ce procédé, comme le précédent, présente l'inconvénient de mettre en oeuvre un bandeau amovible de matière abrasive monté de manière excentréé sur la couronne de la meule. L'équilibrage de cette masse excentrée par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la meule, se fait à l'aide d'un balourd monté sur la meule. Lors de l'emploi de la meule, et en raison de l'usure infligée au bandeau, l'équilibre se détériore progressivement et on observe l'appari­tion de vibrations de plus en plus gênantes.This method, like the previous one, has the disadvantage of using a removable strip of abrasive material mounted so offset on the crown of the wheel. The balancing of this eccentric mass relative to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is done using an unbalance mounted on the grinding wheel. During the use of the grinding wheel, and due to the wear inflicted on the headband, the balance gradually deteriorates and we observe the appearance of more and more annoying vibrations.

La présente invention vise à pallier les inconvé­nients précités. Elle propose une meule type boisseau garnie d'un revêtement s'étendant de manière symétrique par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la meule et formé d'éléments diamantés réalisés à partir de grains de diamant agglomérés par un liant métallique ou organique, lesdits éléments diamantés étant séparés par des rainures, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement abrasif est fixé sur au moins une partie de la surface de la meule et en ce qu'il est composé de grains de diamant ayant une grosseur comprise entre 1 et 100 microns.The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. It offers a cup type grinding wheel fitted with a coating extending symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel and formed of diamond elements produced from diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic or organic binder, said diamond elements being separated by grooves, characterized in that the abrasive coating is fixed on at least part of the surface of the grinding wheel and in that it is composed of diamond grains having a size between 1 and 100 microns.

Selon une particularité de l'invention, les grains abrasifs appartiennent à l'une des classes suivantes:
15 - 30 microns
10 - 20 microns
6 - 12 microns
4 - 8 microns
3 - 6 microns.According to a feature of the invention, the abrasive grains belong to one of the following classes:
15 - 30 microns
10 - 20 microns
6 - 12 microns
4 - 8 microns
3 - 6 microns.

Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, les rainures ont une largeur comprise entre 0,5 à 4 mm, de préférence 2 mm, et une profondeur de 0,5 à 2 mm, de préférence 1 mm.According to another feature of the invention, the grooves have a width of between 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 2 mm, and a depth of 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 1 mm.

Dans une forme de réalisation particulière, les rainures sont orthogonales entre elles et déterminent des carrelets ayant environ 4 à 12 mm de côté, de préférence des côtés de 6 mm. Les rainures ont avantageusement une largeur de 1 à 3 mm, et une profondeur de 0,5 à 2 mm.In a particular embodiment, the grooves are orthogonal to each other and determine squares having approximately 4 to 12 mm in side, preferably sides of 6 mm. The grooves advantageously have a width of 1 to 3 mm, and a depth of 0.5 to 2 mm.

Des rainures sont généralement prévues dans le revêtement abrasif des meules destinées aux opérations d'ébauche d'une surface en matériau dur, c'est-à-dire dans un revêtement abrasif constitué de grains relativement gros. Par contre, les meules connues, destinées aux opérations de finition présentent généralement une surface abrasive uniforme à grains fins ou à concrétion diamantée à liant métallique ou résinoïde fixés sur un support élastique tel que décrit dans la demande de brevet européen No 793027921.Grooves are generally provided in the abrasive coating of the grinding wheels intended for roughing operations on a surface of hard material, that is to say in an abrasive coating consisting of relatively large grains. On the other hand, the known grinding wheels, intended for finishing operations generally have a uniform abrasive surface with fine grains or with diamond concretion with metallic or resinoid binder fixed on an elastic support as described in European patent application No. 793027921.

Il est dès lors inattendu qu'un revêtement abrasif gaufré fixé directement sur le corps de la meule type boisseau tel que revendiquée, procure un fini de surface meilleur qu'un revêtement abrasif réparti uniformément sur la surface de la meule.It is therefore unexpected that an embossed abrasive coating fixed directly to the body of the cup type grinding wheel as claimed, provides a better surface finish than an abrasive coating distributed uniformly over the surface of the grinding wheel.

La meule selon l'invention permet de parachever une surface de verre ou de matière minérale plus ou moins rugueuse ayant déjà subi une opération préalable d'ébauche et/ou de taille, par laquelle on élimine les défauts les plus grossiers, tels les coups de lames, déviations ou défauts d'enlèvement du pontil s'il s'agit d'une pièce moulée.The grinding wheel according to the invention makes it possible to complete a surface of glass or more or less rough mineral material which has already undergone a preliminary roughing and / or cutting operation, by which the coarsest defects, such as blows, are eliminated. blades, deviations or defects in removal of the pontil if it is a molded part.

L'invention concerne également l'utilisation de la meule susdite pour le doucissage et le polissage mécaniques d'une surface plane ou sensiblement courbe d'un objet en verre.The invention also relates to the use of the abovementioned wheel for grinding and polishing. mechanics of a flat or substantially curved surface of a glass object.

Dans le cas d'une meule du type boisseau à flanc cylindrique, la meule est bien sûr entraînée en rotation autour d'un axe orthogonal à l'axe de rota­tion de la surface. Par contre, si la meule présente un flanc tronconique ou en segment de surface sphéri­que, elle est entraînée en rotation autour d'un axe incliné par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la surface pour meuler et polir mécaniquement une surface sphé­rique, de manière à appliquer ladite meule le long d'une portion de surface de contact, contre l'objet à polir, sous une pression appropriée et constante pendant la durée du meulage et/ou du polissage. La meule est habituellement entraînée en rotation à une vitesse de l'ordre de 1800 à 4000 tours/minute au­tour de son axe de rotation.In the case of a cup-type grinding wheel with a cylindrical flank, the grinding wheel is of course driven in rotation about an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the surface. On the other hand, if the grinding wheel has a frustoconical side or in a spherical surface segment, it is rotated around an axis inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the surface to grind and mechanically polish a spherical surface, so applying said grinding wheel along a portion of contact surface, against the object to be polished, under an appropriate and constant pressure for the duration of grinding and / or polishing. The grinding wheel is usually driven in rotation at a speed of the order of 1800 to 4000 revolutions / minute around its axis of rotation.

L'invention permet de modifier sans frais l'équipement existant à ce jour pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé décrit ci-dessus.The invention makes it possible to modify, without charge, the equipment existing to date to implement the method described above.

Le procédé de doucissage et/ou polissage mécanique à l'aide de la meule selon l'invention se prête parfaitement à l'automatisation. Il permet de combi­ner le dégrossissage, la taille et le polissage d'une surface en matériau minéral, ces diverses opérations étant réparties soit sur diverses machines avec des organes de transfert d'une machine à l'autre, soit rassemblées sur une seule et même machine dans laquelle des stations de meulage sont disposées en série de façon à recevoir successivement l'objet à traiter. Les objets peuvent être chargés en continu et les opérations susdites peuvent être robotisées.The mechanical smoothing and / or polishing process using the grinding wheel according to the invention lends itself perfectly to automation. It allows to combine the roughing, the size and the polishing of a surface in mineral material, these various operations being distributed either on various machines with transfer members from one machine to another, or gathered on a single and same machine in which grinding stations are arranged in series so as to successively receive the object to be treated. Objects can be loaded continuously and the above operations can be robotized.

La meule selon l'invention accélère l'obtention d'un poli optique parfait par un procédé complètement automatique, rendant possible la production mécanique en série de surfaces de verre ou de cristal qui n'était jusqu'à présent accessible qu'aux procédés manuels et empiriques.The grinding wheel according to the invention accelerates the obtaining of a perfect optical polish by a completely automatic process, making possible the mechanical mass production of glass or crystal surfaces which was until now only accessible by manual processes. and empirical.

D'autres particularités et détails de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description suivante, dans laquelle il est fait référence aux dessins schématiques ci-annexés.Other features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which reference is made to the accompanying schematic drawings.

Dans ces dessins :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en plan d'une meule type boisseau ayant une couronne annulaire diamantée parfaitement centrée;
  • - la figure 2 montre la zone de contact entre la meule de la figure 1 et la surface plane de la base d'un objet en verre à doucir;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue en élévation montrant à échelle réduite un dispositif de polissage exemplaire mettant en oeuvre une meule type bois­seau selon l'invention, garnie d'un revêtement diamanté tronconique parfaitement centrée, cette figure montrant également un moteur à arbre flot­tant sur lequel est calée la meule;
  • - la figure 4 est une vue en plan semblable à celle de la figure 3, montrant une meule type boisseau selon l'invention, servant à doucir une surface courbe en verre.
In these drawings:
  • - Figure 1 is a plan view of a cup type grinding wheel having a perfectly centered diamond annular crown;
  • - Figure 2 shows the contact area between the grinding wheel of Figure 1 and the flat surface of the base of a glass object to be softened;
  • - Figure 3 is an elevational view showing on an reduced scale an exemplary polishing device using a cup type grinding wheel according to the invention, provided with a perfectly centered frustoconical diamond coating, this figure also showing a floating shaft motor on which is set the wheel;
  • - Figure 4 is a plan view similar to that of Figure 3, showing a cup type grinding wheel according to the invention, used to soften a curved glass surface.

Dans ces différentes figures, les mêmes signes de référence désignent des éléments identiques ou analogues.In these different figures, the same reference signs designate identical or analogous elements.

Comme illustré à la figure 1, la meule type bois­seau désignée dans son ensemble par le signe de référence 1, présente une couronne annulaire 2 garnie sur sa face supérieure 4 d'un revêtement abrasif 3 fixé par exemple par dépôt électrolytique, de manière à former une surface abrasive annulaire, uniforme, disposée symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de rota­tion LL′ de la meule 1.As illustrated in FIG. 1, the cup-type grinding wheel designated as a whole by the reference sign 1, has an annular ring 2 provided on its upper face 4 with an abrasive coating 3 fixed for example by electrolytic deposition, so as to form an annular, uniform abrasive surface, arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation LL ′ of the grinding wheel 1.

Le revêtement abrasif 3 est constitué de fins grains de diamant agglomérés par un liant métallique ou organique. Les grains de diamant, conformément à l'invention, ont une grosseur comprise entre 1 et 100 microns environ et appartiennent à l'une des classes granulométriques suivantes :
15 - 30 microns
10 - 20 microns
6 - 12 microns
4 - 8 microns
3 - 6 micronsThe abrasive coating 3 consists of fine diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic or organic binder. The diamond grains, in accordance with the invention, have a size of between 1 and 100 microns approximately and belong to one of the following particle size classes:
15 - 30 microns
10 - 20 microns
6 - 12 microns
4 - 8 microns
3 - 6 microns

Dans le revêtement abrasif 3 sont ménagées des rainures 5 destinées à faciliter l'arrosage pendant le travail de la meule. Dans une forme de réalisa­tion particulière, les rainures 5 sont disposées symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de rotation LL′ de la meule et elles sont orthogonales entre elles, déterminant par exemple des carrelets 12 ayant envi­ron 4 à 12 mm de côté, de préférence des carrelets ayant 6 mm de côté. Les rainures 5 ont avantageuse­ment une largeur de 0,5 à 4 mm et une profondeur de 0,5 à 2 mm environ.In the abrasive coating 3 are provided grooves 5 intended to facilitate watering during the work of the grinding wheel. In a particular embodiment, the grooves 5 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation LL ′ of the grinding wheel and they are orthogonal to one another, for example determining squares 12 having approximately 4 to 12 mm in side, preferably squares with 6 mm sides. The grooves 5 advantageously have a width of 0.5 to 4 mm and a depth of about 0.5 to 2 mm.

La couronne diamantée 2 a par exemple une largeur comprise entre 10 et 40 mm (de préférence 30 mm), garnie de carrelets 12 entrecoupés par des rainures 5 entrecroisées ayant de préférence une largeur de 2 mm environ et une profondeur de 1 mm environ.The diamond crown 2 has for example a width of between 10 and 40 mm (preferably 30 mm), furnished with squares 12 interspersed with intersecting grooves 5 preferably having a width of approximately 2 mm and a depth of approximately 1 mm.

Une meule selon la figure 1 peut être utilisée pour doucir et/ou polir une surface plane d'un objet en verre, en cristal ou en matériau céramique par exemple.A grinding wheel according to Figure 1 can be used to soften and / or polish a flat surface of an object made of glass, crystal or ceramic material for example.

La figure 2 représente une meule 1 conforme à la figure 1 et le périmètre de la base plane 10 d'un objet en verre. La surface à traiter 10 est maintenue constamment en contact avec le revêtement abrasif par des moyens quelconques. La zone de contact est hachurée sur la figure 2 et désignée par le signe de référence 11. La meule est animée d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe LL′ qui est parallèle à l'axe de rotation SS′ de la surface à traiter 10 et on lui fait balayer la surface 10 dans des directions perpendiculaires entre elles, de manière à couvrir l'entièreté de la surface 10 à polir tout en maintenant une pression constante. Le balayage se fait sous arrosage intense.Figure 2 shows a grinding wheel 1 according to Figure 1 and the perimeter of the flat base 10 of a glass object. The surface to be treated 10 is kept constantly in contact with the abrasive coating by any means. The contact area is hatched in Figure 2 and designated by the reference sign 11. The grinding wheel is rotated around the axis LL ′ which is parallel to the axis of rotation SS ′ of the surface to be treated 10 and it is made to sweep the surface 10 in directions perpendicular to each other, so as to cover the entire surface 10 to be polished while maintaining a constant pressure. The sweeping is done under intense watering.

La meule selon l'invention peut également avoir un revêtement abrasif sur une partie quelconque de sa surface, par exemple sur un flanc oblique formant une surface tronconique ou un segment de surface de révolution courbe quelconque.The grinding wheel according to the invention may also have an abrasive coating on any part of its surface, for example on an oblique flank forming a frustoconical surface or any surface segment of curved revolution.

La figure 3 représente schématiquement une machine exemplaire (machine type MAXI-FLETTE® de la firme BIEBUYCK ® ) utilisant une meule selon l'invention dont le revêtement abrasif couvre le flanc tronconique 2. La machine représentée dans la figure 2 comprend une tête de préhension rotative 18 entraînée par un moteur d'entraînement 21, un moyen d'amenée de la tête de préhension et d'un objet 7 vers la meule 1 entraînée en rotation pour appliquer ledit objet sur la meule sous une pression pneumatique appropriée et contrôlée pendant la durée du meulage et/ou du polissage. Dans ce but, la meule type boisseau est calée sur un arbre flottant 8 d'un moteur électrique 9, comme décrit dans le brevet belge No 696.828.FIG. 3 schematically represents an exemplary machine (machine type MAXI-FLETTE® of the firm BIEBUYCK ®) using a grinding wheel according to the invention the abrasive coating of which covers the frustoconical flank 2. The machine shown in FIG. 2 comprises a rotary gripping head 18 driven by a drive motor 21, a means for feeding the gripping head and an object 7 towards the grinding wheel 1 rotated to apply said object to the grinding wheel under an appropriate and controlled pneumatic pressure for the duration of grinding and / or polishing. For this purpose, the cup type wheel is wedged on a floating shaft 8 of an electric motor 9, as described in Belgian patent No 696.828.

L'objet 7 présentant une surface 10 à traiter est agrippé dans un plateau de préhension 18 entraîné en rotation par l'arbre 20 du moteur 21, par exemple dans le sens de la flèche X, autour d'un axe de rotation SS′ perpendiculaire à la surface 10 à trai­ter. Cette surface 10 est mise en contact parallèle­ment à elle-même avec le revêtement abrasif 3 de la couronne diamantée tronconique 2 d'une meule rotative 1, cette couronne 2 tournant autour de son axe géomé­trique LL′ qui est ici incliné par rapport à l'axe SS′. La couronne 2 est animée d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe LL′, dans le sens de la flèche Y. Les vitesses et les sens de rotation de la surface 10 à traiter et de la couronne diamantée 2 peuvent être identiques ou différents.The object 7 having a surface 10 to be treated is gripped in a gripping plate 18 driven in rotation by the shaft 20 of the motor 21, for example in the direction of the arrow X, around an axis of rotation SS ′ perpendicular to the surface 10 to be treated. This surface 10 is brought into contact parallel to itself with the abrasive coating 3 of the frustoconical diamond crown 2 of a rotary grinding wheel 1, this crown 2 rotating around its geometric axis LL ′ which is here inclined relative to the axis SS ′. The crown 2 is driven in a rotational movement around the axis LL ′, in the direction of the arrow Y. The speeds and the directions of rotation of the surface 10 to be treated and of the diamond crown 2 can be identical or different.

Le moteur d'entraînement 21 de l'objet 7 en rotation est à commande hydraulique. Sa vitesse peut être variée sans palier de 1 tour à 40 tours/minute au moyen d'un régulateur de vitesse.The drive motor 21 of the rotating object 7 is hydraulically controlled. Its speed can be varied continuously from 1 revolution to 40 revolutions / minute by means of a speed regulator.

Un logiciel (non décrit ici) permet de régler et de programmer la vitesse de rotation de l'objet 7 et de la meule, l'avancement de la meule et la pression d'application de la couronne diamantée sur l'objet 7.Software (not described here) makes it possible to adjust and program the speed of rotation of the object 7 and the grinding wheel, the advancement of the grinding wheel and the pressure of application of the diamond crown on the object 7.

La meule est soumise à un mouvement de balayage dans des directions perpendiculaires entre elles, de manière à couvrir toute la surface à polir. Ce balayage se fait sous arrosage intense. L'amplitude de chaque balayage est de l'ordre de 10 à 100 mm, de préférence 40 mm. Ainsi, chaque point de la surface 10 à traiter vient en contact avec le revêtement abrasif de la couronne 2 de la meule, et ce grâce aux mouvements de rotation de la surface 10 et de la meule 1.The grinding wheel is subjected to a sweeping movement in directions perpendicular to each other, so as to cover the entire surface to be polished. This sweep is done under intense watering. The amplitude of each scan is of the order of 10 to 100 mm, preferably 40 mm. Thus, each point of the surface 10 to be treated comes into contact with the abrasive coating of the crown 2 of the grinding wheel, thanks to the rotational movements of the surface 10 and of the grinding wheel 1.

Une pression sensiblement constante est appliquée par la couronne diamantée 2 sur la surface 10 au cours du traitement de celle-ci. Cette pression constante est assurée par l'arbre flottant 8 qui est soumis lui-même à une poussée exercée par un fluide comme décrit dans le brevet belge No 696.828.A substantially constant pressure is applied by the diamond crown 2 to the surface 10 during the treatment thereof. This constant pressure is ensured by the floating shaft 8 which is itself subjected to a thrust exerted by a fluid as described in Belgian patent No 696.828.

La couronne abrasive peut avoir un diamètre exté­rieur de 100 mm à 250 mm, de préférence un diamètre de 150 mm. Le revêtement abrasif 3 peut avoir une largeur de 10 à 40 mm, de préférence une largeur de 30 mm, un diamètre extérieur de 150 mm et un diamètre intérieur de 90 mm environ.The abrasive ring can have an outside diameter of 100 mm to 250 mm, preferably a diameter of 150 mm. The abrasive coating 3 can have a width of 10 to 40 mm, preferably a width of 30 mm, an outside diameter of 150 mm and an inside diameter of about 90 mm.

La figure 4 représente une machine semblable à celle qui est montrée dans la figure 3, mais dans laquelle est utilisée une meule selon l'invention, dont le revêtement abrasif s'étend sur un flanc 2 formant un segment de surface de révolution courbe.FIG. 4 represents a machine similar to that which is shown in FIG. 3, but in which a grinding wheel according to the invention is used, the abrasive coating of which extends on a side 2 forming a segment of surface of curved revolution.

Les performances des machines connues munies de meules selon l'invention sont accrues et les propriétés avantageuses préservées :

  • 1) lubrification de la meule simplement à l'eau per­due, chargée d'additifs tels que tensio-actifs ou autres (bio-dégradables), ce qui permet de grouper les stations de dégrossissage, de taille et de polissage, dans une même machine transfert sans danger de perturber les opérations d'aval par rapport aux opérations d'amont;
  • 2) absence de vibrations en raison d'un équilibrage parfait de la meule et usure symétrique par rapport à l'axe de rotation;
  • 3) positionnement précis de la surface à traiter par rapport à chaque meule:
  • 4) contrôle rigoureux de la profondeur de passe à chaque station de travail:
  • 5) éloignement micrométrique de la surface à traiter par rapport à la meule et une réduction progres­sive de la pression de contact permettant le ro­dage final;
  • 6) réglage optimal du mouvement de va-et-vient, programmé en fonction de la surface à polir et de la vitesse de rotation de l'article à polir afin d'obtenir des surfaces géométriquement "parfai­tes".
The performance of known machines provided with grinding wheels according to the invention is increased and the advantageous properties preserved:
  • 1) lubrication of the grinding wheel simply with waste water, loaded with additives such as surfactants or others (bio-degradable), which makes it possible to group the roughing, cutting and polishing stations, in the same machine safe transfer to disrupt downstream operations compared to upstream operations;
  • 2) absence of vibrations due to perfect balancing of the grinding wheel and wear symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation;
  • 3) precise positioning of the surface to be treated in relation to each grinding wheel:
  • 4) rigorous control of the depth of pass at each workstation:
  • 5) micrometric distance of the surface to be treated from the grinding wheel and a gradual reduction in the contact pressure allowing the final running-in;
  • 6) optimal adjustment of the back-and-forth movement, programmed as a function of the surface to be polished and of the speed of rotation of the article to be polished in order to obtain geometrically "perfect" surfaces.

Les résultats obtenus sur des surfaces brutes en verre ou en cristal, à tailler en surface plane (ou sphérique concave) dépendent de la finesse du diamant utilisé. Ainsi, on peut mettre en oeuvre du diamant appartenant à l'une des classes suivantes :
15 - 30 microns
10 - 20 microns
6 - 12 microns
4 - 8 microns
3 - 6 microns.The results obtained on rough glass or crystal surfaces, to be cut on a flat (or spherical concave) surface depend on the fineness of the diamond used. Thus, it is possible to use diamond belonging to one of the following classes:
15 - 30 microns
10 - 20 microns
6 - 12 microns
4 - 8 microns
3 - 6 microns.

Après polissage au cérium, les résultats des mesures de rugosité et de planéité obtenus sur un échantillon en cristal poli à l'aide d'une meule de 150 mm de diamètre avec un revêtement abrasif composé de grains ayant une finesse comprise entre 10 -20 microns sont les suivants :
- rugosité Ra (CLA) = 4 à 6 micro-pouces (1,5 à 2,4 microns), alors que le poli optique est de 1 micro-pouce (0,4 micron);
- planéité de la surface de l'ordre de 0,01 mm, donnée par le réglage de la machine.After polishing with cerium, the results of the roughness and flatness measurements obtained on a polished crystal sample using a 150 mm diameter grinding wheel with an abrasive coating composed of grains having a fineness between 10 -20 microns are the following :
- roughness Ra (CLA) = 4 to 6 micro-inches (1.5 to 2.4 microns), while the optical polish is 1 micro-inch (0.4 micron);
- flatness of the surface of the order of 0.01 mm, given by the adjustment of the machine.

Le lustrage à l'oxyde de cérium peut être appliqué directement manuellement ou automatiquement.Cerium oxide buffing can be applied directly manually or automatically.

Il est évident que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux détails décrits ci-dessus et que ces détails pourront être modifiés sans sortir du cadre de cette invention.It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the details described above and that these details can be modified without departing from the scope of this invention.

Claims (9)

1. Meule (1) type boisseau garnie d'un revêtement abrasif (3) s'étendant de manière symétrique par rapport à l'axe de rotation (LL′) de la meule (1) et formé d'éléments diamantés (12) réalisés à partir de grains de diamant agglomérés par un liant métallique ou organique, lesdits éléments diamantés étant sépa­rés par des rainures (5), caractérisée en ce que le revêtement abrasif (3) est fixé sur au moins une partie (2) de la surface de la meule (1) et en ce qu'il est composé de grains de diamant ayant une grosseur comprise entre 1 et 100 microns.1. Cup wheel (1) cup type filled with an abrasive coating (3) extending symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation (LL ′) of the wheel (1) and formed of diamond elements (12) made from diamond grains agglomerated by a metallic or organic binder, said diamond elements being separated by grooves (5), characterized in that the abrasive coating (3) is fixed on at least one part (2) of the surface of the grinding wheel (1) and in that it is composed of diamond grains having a size between 1 and 100 microns. 2. Meule à boisseau selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement abrasif est composé de grains abrasifs ayant une grosseur com­prise entre 1 et 30 microns, appartenant à l'une des classes suivantes :
15 - 30 microns
10 - 20 microns
6 - 12 microns
4 - 8 microns
3 - 6 microns.2. Cup wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive coating is composed of abrasive grains having a size between 1 and 30 microns, belonging to one of the following classes:
15 - 30 microns
10 - 20 microns
6 - 12 microns
4 - 8 microns
3 - 6 microns. 3. Meule à boisseau selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les rainures (5) sont disposées symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de rotation (LL′) de la meule (1).3. Cup wheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grooves (5) are arranged symmetrically relative to the axis of rotation (LL ′) of the wheel (1). 4. Meule à boisseau selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les rainures (5) sont orthogonales entre elles et déterminent des carrelets (12) ayant environ 4 à 12 mm de côté.4. Cup wheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grooves (5) are orthogonal to each other and determine squares (12) having about 4 to 12 mm side. 5. Meule à boisseau selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la couronne abrasive présente un diamètre extérieur de 100 à 250 mm et une largeur comprise entre 10 et 40 mm, environ.5. Cup wheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abrasive ring has an outside diameter of 100 to 250 mm and a width of between 10 and 40 mm, approximately. 6. Meule à boisseau selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les rainures (5) ont une largeur comprise entre 0,5 à 4 mm environ et une profondeur de 0,5 à 2 mm environ.6. Cup wheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grooves (5) have a width between approximately 0.5 to 4 mm and a depth of approximately 0.5 to 2 mm. 7. Utilisation de la meule selon la revendication 1 ou 2, pour doucir et polir mécaniquement une surface plane (10) d'un objet en verre (7).7. Use of the grinding wheel according to claim 1 or 2, for mechanically smoothing and polishing a flat surface (10) of a glass object (7). 8. Utilisation selon la revendication 7, d'une meule type boisseau à flanc cylindrique, entraînée en rota­tion autour d'un axe (LL′) orthogonal à l'axe de rotation (SS′) de la surface (10) à traiter.8. Use according to claim 7, a cup wheel type cylindrical flank, rotated about an axis (LL ′) orthogonal to the axis of rotation (SS ′) of the surface (10) to be treated. 9. Utilisation selon la revendication 7, d'une meule type boisseau à flanc tronconique ou en segment de surface sphérique, entraînée en rotation autour d'un axe (LL′) incliné par rapport à l'axe de rotation (SS′) d'une surface sphérique à doucir et/ou polir mécaniquement, de manière à appliquer ladite meule contre la surface (10) à polir, sous une pression appropriée et constante pendant la durée du doucis­sage et/ou du polissage.9. Use according to claim 7, of a cup-type grinding wheel with a frustoconical side or in a spherical surface segment, driven in rotation about an axis (LL ′) inclined relative to the axis of rotation (SS ′) d 'a spherical surface to be polished and / or polished mechanically, so as to apply said grinding wheel against the surface (10) to be polished, under an appropriate and constant pressure during the duration of the polishing and / or polishing.
EP89870071A 1988-05-30 1989-05-25 Cup-type grinding wheel and use of the same for grinding and mechanically polishing glass Withdrawn EP0345239A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE8800603A BE1001701A3 (en) 1988-05-30 1988-05-30 Wheel ball and use thereof for grinding and mechanical polishing glass.
BE8800603 1988-05-30

Publications (1)

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EP0345239A1 true EP0345239A1 (en) 1989-12-06

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US5174795A (en) * 1990-05-21 1992-12-29 Wiand Ronald C Flexible abrasive pad with ramp edge surface
US5197249A (en) * 1991-02-07 1993-03-30 Wiand Ronald C Diamond tool with non-abrasive segments
US5209760A (en) * 1990-05-21 1993-05-11 Wiand Ronald C Injection molded abrasive pad
US5232470A (en) * 1990-05-21 1993-08-03 Wiand Ronald C Flexible one-piece diamond sheet material with spaced apart abrasive portions
US5551960A (en) * 1993-03-12 1996-09-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Article for polishing stone
US5607488A (en) * 1990-05-21 1997-03-04 Wiand; Ronald C. Molded abrasive article and process
US5632790A (en) * 1990-05-21 1997-05-27 Wiand; Ronald C. Injection molded abrasive article and process
WO1998029217A1 (en) * 1997-01-03 1998-07-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method and article for the production of optical quality surfaces on glass
US5888119A (en) * 1997-03-07 1999-03-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for providing a clear surface finish on glass
US5910471A (en) * 1997-03-07 1999-06-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article for providing a clear surface finish on glass
WO2000059681A1 (en) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Cmp pad conditioner arrangement and method therefor
US6231629B1 (en) 1997-03-07 2001-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article for providing a clear surface finish on glass
US6524681B1 (en) 1997-04-08 2003-02-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned surface friction materials, clutch plate members and methods of making and using same

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JP6211188B2 (en) * 2014-06-10 2017-10-11 オリンパス株式会社 Polishing tool, polishing method and polishing apparatus
CN110202492B (en) * 2018-02-28 2021-05-14 常州市达蒙砂轮制造有限公司 Grinding wheel with potassium-sulfur compound

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5174795A (en) * 1990-05-21 1992-12-29 Wiand Ronald C Flexible abrasive pad with ramp edge surface
US5209760A (en) * 1990-05-21 1993-05-11 Wiand Ronald C Injection molded abrasive pad
US5232470A (en) * 1990-05-21 1993-08-03 Wiand Ronald C Flexible one-piece diamond sheet material with spaced apart abrasive portions
US5607488A (en) * 1990-05-21 1997-03-04 Wiand; Ronald C. Molded abrasive article and process
US5632790A (en) * 1990-05-21 1997-05-27 Wiand; Ronald C. Injection molded abrasive article and process
US5681362A (en) * 1990-05-21 1997-10-28 Wiand; Ronald C. Molded abrasive article and process
US5197249A (en) * 1991-02-07 1993-03-30 Wiand Ronald C Diamond tool with non-abrasive segments
US5551960A (en) * 1993-03-12 1996-09-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Article for polishing stone
WO1998029217A1 (en) * 1997-01-03 1998-07-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method and article for the production of optical quality surfaces on glass
US5876268A (en) * 1997-01-03 1999-03-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method and article for the production of optical quality surfaces on glass
US5989111A (en) * 1997-01-03 1999-11-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and article for the production of optical quality surfaces on glass
US6155910A (en) * 1997-01-03 2000-12-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and article for the production of optical quality surfaces on glass
US5888119A (en) * 1997-03-07 1999-03-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for providing a clear surface finish on glass
US5910471A (en) * 1997-03-07 1999-06-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article for providing a clear surface finish on glass
US6110015A (en) * 1997-03-07 2000-08-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for providing a clear surface finish on glass
US6231629B1 (en) 1997-03-07 2001-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article for providing a clear surface finish on glass
US6524681B1 (en) 1997-04-08 2003-02-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned surface friction materials, clutch plate members and methods of making and using same
WO2000059681A1 (en) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Cmp pad conditioner arrangement and method therefor
KR100691031B1 (en) * 1999-04-01 2007-03-09 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. Cmp pad conditioner arrangement and method therefor

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Publication number Publication date
BE1001701A3 (en) 1990-02-13
FI892606A (en) 1989-12-01
FI892606A0 (en) 1989-05-29
JPH0224063A (en) 1990-01-26

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