Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/125—Unsaturated polyimide precursors the unsaturated precursors containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen in the main chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
  • C08F222/36—Amides or imides
  • C08F222/40—Imides, e.g. cyclic imides
  • C08F222/404—Imides, e.g. cyclic imides substituted imides comprising oxygen other than the carboxy oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/123—Unsaturated polyimide precursors the unsaturated precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/124—Unsaturated polyimide precursors the unsaturated precursors containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/126—Unsaturated polyimide precursors the unsaturated precursors being wholly aromatic

Definitions

• the invention relates to curable compositions of polyimides of the general formula (I) and alkenylphenols selected from
• Polyimides of the general formula (I) can be used in various ways as a raw material for the preparation of polymerization and polyadditive products.
• the FR-A 1,555 564 describes the polyaddition of N,N-bismaleimides with primary diamines and their thermal curing.
• amino acid hydrazides are pre-reacted with N,N-bismaleimides and subsequently thermally cured.
• the cross-linked polymers obtained according to this patent specification show the disadvantage of many highly cross-linked duromer resins; in particular, they are very brittle.
• DE-A 2627 045 describes a process for the preparation of" cross-linked polymers displaying imide groups by reacting polyimides of type N,N -bismaleimide with alkenylphenols and/or alkenylphenol ethers, if necessary, in the presence of polymerization catalysts.
• alkenylphenols are o,o'- diallylbisphenol-A, 4,4 -hydroxy-3,3'-allyl-diphenyl, bis (4-hydroxy-3-allylphenyl) methane, 2,2'-bis (4-hydroxyl-3,5- diallylphenyl) propane and eugenol.
• reaction products from 4,4'- bismaleimidophenyl methane and o,o -diallylbisphenol-A are described.
• the present invention was based on the problem of creating resins displaying curable imide groups which are both tough and thermally stable after polymerization.
• toughness and thermal stability of the resins containing the curable imide groups according to the invention can be further increased if binuclear and mononuclear N,N -bismaleimides are used as polyimide mixtures.
• a preferred form for use is a mixture of 4,4 -bis- maleimidophenylmethane and bismaleimidotoluene.
• the volume ratios of polyimide to alkenylphenol (alkenylphenol ether) can be varied within broad limits, but that preferably an equivalent of 0.2 - 1.0 of alkenylphenol is used per equivalent of polyimide.
• B represents a divalent organic residue which contains an ethylene double bond.
• the following structures are possible for the B residue.
• the residue designated A in the general formula (I) can be an x-valent residue, though at least a divalent residue, an alkenyl group with up to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group with 5 to 6 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic group with 5 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom in the ring, a mono or dicarbocyclic group or at least two mono or dicarbocyclic aromatic or cycloalkylene groups which are connected to each other -by a direct carbon-carbon bond, or by a divalent ligand, i.e. oxygen, sulphur or alkylene group with one to three carbon atoms, or one of the following groups expressed as formulae, i.e.
• Examples of usable bisimides for the preparation of new imide resins are 1,2-bismaleimidoethane, 1,6- bismaleimidohexane, 1,12-bismaleimidododecane, 1,6-bismaleimido-(2,2,4-trimethyl)hexane, 1.3-bismaleimidobenzene, 1,4-bismaleimidobenzene, 4,4 -bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenyl ether, 4,4 -bismaleimidodiphenyl sulphide, 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenyl sulphone, 3,3 - bismaleimidodiphenyl sulphone, 4,4 -bismaleimidodicyclohexylmethane, 2,4-bismaleimido toluene, 2,6-bismaleimido toluene, N,N'-m-xylylene bismaleimide, N,
• compositions of two or more of the bisimides mentioned can also be used.
• Preferable compositions of the bisimides to be used in accordance with the invention are those which produce eutectic compositions of low melting point, e.g. mixtures of 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene and 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane or 2,4-bismaleimidoanisole and 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane or 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene, 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene bismaleimide.
• compositions of the eutectic bisimides mentioned with higher molecular bisimides of the general formula II can be used.
• the bisimides of the general formula can also be modified with polyamines, polyhydrazides, aminoacid hydrazides, azomethines, polyisocyanates, polycyanates and other polyfunctional monomers co-reactive with bismaleimides.
• Reactive elastomers such as acryl-or vinylterminated butadiene/acrylic nitrile copolymers or carboxyl-group terminated acrylic nitrile butadiene rubbers and butadiene rubbers can also be used for further modification of the bisimide and alkenylphenol compositions in accordance with the invention.
• compositions in accordance with the invention can also be modified with thermoplastics, e.g. polyether sulphone, polysulphone, polycarbonate, polyhydantoine, polyether imide, polyimide, polyamidimide, polyether ketones, polyetherether ketones, polyesters, polyamides and aromatic polyesters.
• thermoplastics e.g. polyether sulphone, polysulphone, polycarbonate, polyhydantoine, polyether imide, polyimide, polyamidimide, polyether ketones, polyetherether ketones, polyesters, polyamides and aromatic polyesters.
• the preparation of the curable compositions in accordance with the invention is carried out according to the usual mixing techniques of melting, dissolving and powdering of the reactants. If further processing of the curable composition is carried out by means of the pre-preg process, the reactants in the melt, if necessary in the presence of an auxiliary solution, are homogenously mixed and the resulting melt or solution is used to impregnate fibres, fabrics, fleeces and other strengthening agents.
• the preparation of the mixtures of the curable compositions in accordance with the invention can also be carried out using heat, preferably at temperatures between 80 and 200 ° C, producing prepolymers which, depending on the duration of the thermal polymerization, produce soluble or meltable, at least mouldable, products in organic solvents.
• alkenylphenols.and alkenylphenol ethers As alkenylphenols.and alkenylphenol ethers
• compositions of two or more of the alkenylphenols or alkenylphenol ethers mentioned can be used. Good results are also obtained, in accordance with the invention, by using compositions of one or more alkenylphenols;alkenylphenol ethers in accordance with the invention with the mono and binuclear alkylphenols described in DOS 2627 045.
• a preferred embodiment is the use of alkenylphenols/alkenylphenol ethers in accordance with the invention mixed with o,o-diallyl-bisphenol A for preparation of the imide resins.
• Polymerization catalysts can be used for many industrial applications of the curable imides according to the invention. They should be present in the reaction mixture in a concentration of 0.01 to 10 per cent by weight, preferably of 0.5 to 5 per cent by weight, in relation to the total volume of components in the reaction.
• tertiary, secondary, primary amines or amines which contain various kinds of amino groups e.g. mixed tertiary-secondary mines
• quaternary ammonia compounds are suitable in accordance with the invention.
• mine catalysts can be both monoamines and polyamines. In the case of the use of primary and secondary mines, monoamines are preferable.
• the following substances can be listed as examples of such amine catalysts:
• ionic catalysts are alkali metal compounds, such as alkali alcoholates and alkali hydroxides. Sodium methylate is particularly well suited.
• the known organic peroxides and hydroperoxides as well as azoisobutylronitrile are suitable as radical polymerization catalysts.
• the preferred concentration is here also 0.1 to 5.0 % weight.
• acetyl acetonates in particular the acetyl acetonates of the transition metals.
• curable polyimides according to the invention into cross-linked (cured) products, if necessary in the presence of a curing catalyst, is carried out by heating to temperatures of 150 to 240 C, preferably 170 - 250 C.
• the curing is usually carried out with simultaneous shaping into forms, sheet structures, laminates, cements, etc.
• Curing of the polyimides according to the invention is usually carried out with simultaneous shaping into forms, sheet structures, laminates, cements, foam materials.
• the usual additives in curable plastics technology such as fillers, softeners, pigments, colourings, mould lubricants, fire-retarding substances, can be added to the curable substances.
• Fibreglass, mica, graphite, quartz powder, kaolin, colloidal silicon dioxide or metal powders are examples of substances which can be used as fillers.
• Silicone oil, various waxes, zinc stearate or calcium stearate etc. are examples of substances which can serve as mould lubricants.
• Shaping can also be carried out according to the compression moulding process using a moulding press. It is usually enough to heat briefly to a temperature of 170 to 250 C at a pressure of 1 to 200 kp/cm 2 , and cure the form completely outside the press.
• polyimide resins in accordance with the invention can be used, in particular, in the fields of mould casting, surface protection, electrical engineering, lamination processes, glues, the production of foam materials and in the building industry.
• Processing of the curable polyimide resins in accordance with the invention can be carried out by casting. For some uses it is necessary to have an especially low processing viscosity. In these cases it is possible to mix reactive thinners to the curable polyimide resins, preferably ones which are fluid at room temperature.
• Usable reactive thinners contain one or more double bonds capable of polymerization of the general formula (IV)
• the usable monomers can be esters, ethers, hydrocarbons, substituted heterocyclic compounds or organometal or organometaloid compounds.
• the ethers are allyl, metallyl, crotyl, isopropenyl and cinnamyl esters, derived from saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic mono or polycarboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, phenylacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, itaconic acid, acetylene dicarboxylic acid, benzoic acid, phenyl acetic acid, o-phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, as well as the esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with un- polymerizable alcohols, sub as benzyl, isopropyl and 2-ethylhexylic acids,
• organometals and organometalloid derivates are those which contain one or more phosphorus, boron or silicon atoms. They could be silanes or siloxanes, phosphines, phosphine oxides or sulphides, phosphates, phosphites, phosphonates, boranes, orthoborates, boronates, boroxols, borazols and phosphazenes.
• 1,3-diallylltetramethyldisiloxane 1,3-diallylltetramethyldisiloxane, phenyldimethylallylsilane, allyldimethylphosphinoxide, allylorthophosphate, allylmethyl phosphonate, triallylborazol, triallylboroxol and triallyltrichlorophosphazene are mentioned as examples.
• the monomers of the various aforementioned categories can contain halogen atoms, chlorine or fluorine in particular, or functional groups, such as an alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl group, an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group, an amido group, an epoxy group or a cyano group.
• Allyloxyethanol, p-allyloxyphenol, tetrallylepoxyethane, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, p-cyanostyrene, acrylamide, N-methacrylamide, N-allyl acrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, methylacrylnitrile, p-chlorostyrene, p-fluorostyrene and ⁇ -hydroxyethyldiallyl cyanurate are mentioned as examples of polymerizable monomers which contain such substituents.
• the curable compositions in accordance with the invention can also be cured in two stages. After mixing the bisimides with the alkenylphenol selected, the solution is heated to a temperature between 120 - 170 C for a limited period of time. A pre-polymerizate is formed in this way which is still thermally moldable and, if necessary, can still be dissolved in an organic solvent.
• the pre-polymer can be crushed to a powder, before the final curing is carried out, if necessary after adding powdery fillers, such as quartz powder, aluminium oxide, carbon powder, etc.
• the preparation of pre-polymers can also be carried out by heating a solution or suspension of the starting materials (bisimide + alkenylphenol).
• a bismaleimide mixture comprising of 105 g 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and 45 g 2,4- bismaleimidotoluene, and 100 g ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) p-diisopropylbenzene are melted at 140 °C in a round-bottomed flask while stirring.
• the melt is briefly degassed in a vacuum and poured into steel vessels and cured under pressure (4 bar) for 1 hour at 150 C, 2 hours at 180 °C and 4 hours at 210 °C. After removal from the mould the resin plates are tempered for 4 hours at 240° C.
• a bismaleimide mixture comprising of 38.5 parts 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and 16.5 parts 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene, 22.5 parts ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) p-diisopropylbenzene and 22.5 parts 2,2 -bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane are processed to pure resin plates, as in Example 1.
• a bismaleimide mixture comprising of 38.5 parts 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and 16.5 parts 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene, and 45 parts 9,9-bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene are processed to pure resin plates, as in Example 1.
• a bismaleimide mixture comprising of 105 g 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and 45 g 2,4- bismaleimidotoluene, and 100 g ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) m-diisopropylbenzene are melted at 140°C in a round-bottomed flask while stirring.
• the melt is briefly degassed in a vacuum and poured into steel vessels and cured under pressure (4 bar) for 1 hour at 150 C, 2 hours at 180 °C and 4 hours at 210 ° ⁇ C. After removal from the mould the resin plates are tempered for 4 hours at 240 °C.
• a bismaleimide mixture comprising of 100 g 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and 100 g ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) m-diisopropylbenzene are melted at 140 °C in a round-bottomed flask while stirring.
• the melt is briefly degassed in a vacuum and poured into steel vessels and cured under pressure (4 bar) for 1 hour at 150 °C, 2 hours at 180 °C and 4 hours at 210 °C. After removal from the mould the resin plates are tempered for 4 hours at 240 C.
• 150 g of a bismaleimide mixture comprising of 105 g 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane and 45 g 2,4- bismaleimidotoluene, and 150 g ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) m-diisopropylbenzene are melted at 140 °C in a round-bottomed flask while stirring.
• the melt is briefly degassed in a vacuum and poured into steel vessels and cured under pressure (4 bar) for 1 hour at 150 °C, 2 hours at 180 °C and 4 hours at 210 C. After removal from the mould the resin plates are tempered for 4 hours at 240 °C.

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• 1988
  • 1988-08-18 DE DE3828096A patent/DE3828096A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1989
  • 1989-08-15 CA CA000608362A patent/CA1338630C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-08-17 US US07/395,101 patent/US4981934A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-08-18 EP EP19890202127 patent/EP0355926A3/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-08-18 JP JP1211510A patent/JPH02103213A/ja active Pending

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