EP0425670A1

EP0425670A1 - Decorative colour-dynamic material

Info

Publication number: EP0425670A1
Application number: EP89908287A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andrei Alexeevich Feist; Nikolai Valentinovich Sheremetiev
Original assignee: Tovarischestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju Nauchnovnedrencheskaya I Proektno-Proizvodstvennaya "rastr Fltd" Firma
Current assignee: TOVARISCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOST JU N
Priority date: 1989-03-17
Filing date: 1989-03-17
Publication date: 1991-05-08
Also published as: JPH0788119B2; CA2025387A1; EP0425670A4; JPH03505711A; AU647409B2; AU6250490A

Abstract

A decorative colour-dynamic material comprising a colour-carrying surface (1) has areas of different colours and is covered by a light-transparent protective layer (3). One of the sides of the layer (3) has three-dimensional light-transparent optical elements (4) or alternating transparent and non-transparent areas. The location of the colour-carrying surface areas, which are identical in their colour or optical properties, in relation to the optical elements (4) of the layer (3) is repeated for at least a part of the identical optical elements (4). Different combinations of mutual location of the optical elements and of the colour-carrying surface areas are possible, which increase the colour-dynamic surface effect.

Description

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the field of construction, architecture and design and in particular to a decorative finishing of external and internal surfaces of buildings and structures. The invention may be also used in the development of design of lighting fixtures, stained-glass panels, decorative crockery and other articles in whose finishing use is made of translucent materials.
In the construction industry the invention allows the manufacturing of various construction and finishing articles and materials made primarily of glass, such as colourdynamic finishing glass plates, glass blocks, glass shapes, decorative stained-glass panels etc., as well as ceramic, concrete, polymeric and other decorative articles and materials in combinations with sheet translucent materials, individual translucent elements or translucent coatings.

Prior Art

There is known a decorative material with a colourdynamic texture surface in which differently oriented sections of the surface of each three-dimensional elements have different colours and/or different optical properties, while similarly oriented (in one direction) sections of the surface have a similar colour and/or similar optical properties.
A disadvantage of decorative materials with a colourdynamic surface consists in that in use their highly-developed texture readily accumulates dirt. To overcome this disadvantage use may be made of a translucent protective layer with a smooth face, which sometimes causes a decrease in colour-variation activity of the material due to the refraction of light beams in the translucent layer which gives rise to the necessity (in order to preserve the activity) to increase the texture factor of the internal colour carrying surface. However, the texture factor increase is not always possible and expedient. For instance, the manufacture of pressed ceramic tiles with a high texture factor is hindered by stricking of the ceramic mass in the process of pressing.
Apart from the above-mentioned disadvantage the specific features of decorative materials with a colourdynamic texture surface themselves impose fundamental limitations on the nature of the colourdynamic effect observed. For instance, with a single change of a visual angle at a colourdynamic texture surface in one plane in the range from 0 to 130°C the surface may successively look as red, orange, yellow, green and blue. However, only one fixed visual angle at the surface will correspond to each colour, due to which the given colour line can not principally be repeated two or three times in succession under given conditions of perception.
There is known a facing panel covered with decorative balls. The panel includes a fibrous material bonded to the primer with the coloured balls from 1.0 to 2.28 mm in diameter spread in disorder and the balls from 1.14 to 4.00 mm in diameter made of a material with a light-tightness factor of 80 per cent and more, arranged on the upper surface in one layer and interconnected by means of a cement mortar. In this case, the translucent balls of the upper surface, i.e., of the face as well as the coloured balls beneath, are arranged in disorder.
In this case the decorative effect is ensured by the translucent balls forming an external layer of the panel, functioning as a chaotic raster optical elements and focusing different visual angles on different sections of the internal surface containing the fibrous material with the coloured balls. In so doing, if an optical element, i.e., the translucent ball is focused on any colour, say, red ball of the internal surface, this optical element, functioning as a lens, increases the coloured ball for an observer, thus acquiring red colour itself. Similarly, at the same moment, the other balls of the external layer may acquire green, yellow, blue and other colours if they are focused on the internal balls of respective colours. This is how colour flickering effect of the panel is obtained. The effect is produced by the "flashing" of different coloured points on the panel when viewed from different visual angles. Hence, each point changes its colour with the change of the visual angle.
Considered as a drawback of this solution should be the fact that the given decorative effect can be percepted only from the relatively small distances for which the balls of the panel external layer remain individually different as independent elements. As soon as the balls stop being discernible, the decorative effect practically disappears. The explanation lies in the fact that the total summary colour of the panel, determined by an additional mixing of colours of all the point coloured elements remains constant for all possible visual angles, since the disorderly arrangement of the coloured balls provides an equal probability of focusing the optical elements on the balls of one particular colour for all possible points of view. Thus, though the panel construction allows obtaining the decorative colour flickering effect when the panel is viewed at different visual angles from small distances, this solution fails to provide the decorative colourdynamic effect, i.e., an integral change of the panel surface colour irrespective of the distance of its observation with the changing visual angle.

Disclosure of the Invention

The invention resides in producing an active colourdynamic effect on materials both, provided and not provided with a variable-colour textured surface, and improving the material external surface characteristics.
Essentially the invention consists in that in a decorative colourdynamic material containing a colour carrying suface having sections differing in colour and/or optical properties, and at least one translucent protective layer arranged above the colour-carrying surface, according to the invention, at least one of the sides of the translucent protective layer has three-dimensional translucent optical elements, the arrangement of the similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of the colour-carrying surface with respect to the closest optical elements of the protective layer arranged above them being repeated at least for a part of similar optical elements.
In this solution the colour-carrying surface may be both, textured and colourdynamic and textureless, smooth, but the best effect is achieved when the arrangement of the similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of the colour-carrying surface relative to the closest optical elements of the protective layer arranged above them is repeated for all similar optical elements.
In this case, a decorative material with the colour-carrying surface sections of a similar colour and/or similar optical properties and the translucent protective layer optical elements periodically arranged have a number of production and decorative advantages.
A colourdynamic decorative moire effect can be obtained due to the difference of arrangement period of the similar in colour sections of the colour-carrying surface and the arrangement period of the protective layer optical elements in one or several directions.
It is also desirable that in all embodiments of the decorative colourdynamic raster material the colour-carrying surface should have the sections of at least three different colours and/or their different optical properties. Moreover, in order to achieve a qualitative colour separation, it is practicable that the minimum distance between the most distant points of the colour-carrying surface and the translucent protective layer external surface should exceed a double focal length of the optical elements and be no less than half the size of the opaque sections of the protective layer.
When a smooth surface of different roll and other textureless material with a flat colour raster printed on them is used as a colour-carrying surface, it is expedient, in order to ensure a precise alignment of the colour raster elements with the optical elements of the translucent protective layer, to make the colour-carrying surface perforated in the form of multiple holes and provide the translucent protective layer with fixing pins arranged on its internal side. In so doing, the shape, dimensions and layout of the holes should comply with the shape, dimensions and arrangement of the protective layer fixing pins intended to enter respective hole.
Arranged on the translucent layer instead of the three-dimensional optical elements and in a similar manner may be alternating translucent, opaque and semitranslucent sections. Such material also possesses all the advantages inherent in optical elements, but the protective layer surface remains smooth.

Brief Description of Drawings

The invention will now be explained with reference to a detailed description thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a fragment of a colourdynamic material made of foam concrete and shaped glass with a foam-concrete texture surface and a glass protective layer with optical elements;
Figure 2 is a sectional view of a fragment of a raster colourdynamic material made in the form of glazed concrete tile with an irregular colourdynamic texture surface and optical elements made of a translucent glaze;
Figure 3 is a sectional view of a fragment of a variable-colour ceramic tile comprising a regular colourdynamic textured surface and a translucent protective layer with optical elements made in the form of glass balls;
Figure 4 is a fragment of a face of glass colourdynamic facing tile with lenticular optical elements;
Figure 5 is a sectional view of Figure 4 taken at V-V ;
Figure 6 is a fragment of a glass tile lower surface illustrated in Figures 4, 5 with the texture three-dimensional elements whose sides have different colours;
Figure 7 is a fragment of a face of a colourdynamic glass tile with alternating translucent and opaque sections;
Figure 8 is a sectional view of Figure 7 taken at VIII-VIII ;
Figure 9 is a fragment of the face of a colourdynamic raster glass tile with lenticular optical elements;
Figure 10 is sectional view of Figure 9 taken at X - X;
Figure 11 is a fragment of a surface of a flat colour raster backing made of cardboard;
Figure 12 is a fragment of the face of a raster glass tile with alternating translucent and opaque sections;
Figure 13 is a sectional view of Figure 12 taken at XIII - XIII;
Figure 14 is a sectional view of a fragment of a glass facing tile with optical elements periodically arranged on the face plane and the texture three-dimensional elements arranged on the rear surface and having differently coloured sides whose period of arrangement differs from that of the optical elements.

Preferred Embodiments of the Invention

Convex formations of lenticular, prismatic, pyramidal or any other shape made of glass or other translucent material are referred to in the present application as three-dimensional optical elements.
Any three-dimensional optical elements are capable, to a certain extent, of focusing the light flux, i.e., operating optically as a lens, therefore, in discussing the design and operating principle of a variable-colour material with optical elements use can be made of materials provided with lenticular elements.
When a colourdynamic texture surface is used as a colour-carrying one, the arrangement of optical elements relative to colour three-dimensional texture elements may in a general case be arbitrary.
Illustrated in Figure 1 is a sectional view of a fragment of a raster colourdynamic decorative material made of foam concrete and shaped glass. The material comprises a colourdynamic textured surface 1 formed by irregularly arranged concrete surface texture elements whose similarly oriented sections have a similar colour creating a colourdynamic effect, and a translucent protective layer 3 with lenticular optical elements 4. The protective layer 3 has a smooth face 5. The translucent layer 3 is made in the form of relief glass sheet bonded or otherwise secured to the foam-concrete plate around the edges.
When looking at this material at the angles close to the direct angle, i.e., almost frontally relative to its external surface, a colour decorative flickering effect of the surface similar to that occuring on the facing panel covered with glass balls will take place.
Due to an irregular arrangement of the optical elements 4 relative to the texture elements 2, different optical elements will focus on the differing in colour sections of the colourdynamic surface 1, with a probability of focusing of each element on some particular colour section being equal for all colour sections.
However, as an angle formed by the observer's line of sight and the surface of the material decreases, the number of the optical elements 4 focused on the sections of one particular colour increases due to the fact that the internal colour-carrying surface itself is a colourdynamic one, i.e., oriented in the colour respect, all the optical elements viewed at some angle will take the colour of the one-colour sections they have focused upon. It is essential that the colourdynamic effect, i.e., the effect of an integral change of the material surface colour taking place with the change of the angle of vision is observed in this case from any distances, including the distances from which individual optical raster elements are no longer discernible.
Besides, due to the focusing action of the optical element, the colour changing activity of the material incresses relative to the material with an identical colourdynamic texture and a plane-parallel translucent layer having no optical elements, and with the optical elements geometry and distance between the translucent layer and colour-carrying surface respectively selected, a decorative material possesing a higher decorative-colour activity than that of the colourdynamic texture surface can be obtained.
In this case, the texture factor of the material external face may be equal to unity when this face is smooth as in a material shown in Figure 1, or be very insignificant, several times smaller than the texture factor of the internal colour-carrying surface in the case when the optical elements are arranged on the translucent protective layer external surface which ensures the improvement of the material performance characteristics.
A possibility of obtaining the precise and consistent colour separation for all possible angles and points of vision is most desirable. The possibility can be materialized by a uniform arrangement of the colour sections of the colour-carrying surface relative to the closest optical elements arranged directly over them. In this case, the regularity of both the internal colour-carrying surface and the external one formed by the optical elements is not compulsory, but the irregularity or regularity of the internal surface should be, respectively, repeated by the regularity or irregularity of the external surface.
A relative correspondence in the arrangement of the colour sections and optical elements which is necessary for obtaining the consistent colour separation can be achieved by many suitable techniques and processes.
Illustrated in Figure 2 is a sectional view of a fragment of a colourdynamic material made in the form of glazed tile. The material comprises an irregular colourdynamic textured surface 6 with all three-dimensional elements 7 of the texture painted with colour glazes in different colours on different sides in such a way that the similarly oriented sides of the elements have a similar colour, and a system of optical elements 8 made of translucent glaze and forming a descretely interrupted translucent protective layer. The optical elements 8 may be obtained as a result of application of a special coating to the peaks of the texture three-dimensional elements. The coating protects the texture elements from moistening during roasting and causes the formation of translucent glaze drops which function as the optical elements 8. Thus, a well-defined relative correspondence in the arrangement of the three-dimensional elements 7, the colourdynamic surface and optical elements 8 is obtained. This ensures the colour separation consistency, the increase of the material colour changing activity and improvement of performance characteristics of the material external face plane at the expense of its texture factor decrease.
Illustrated In Figure 3 is a sectional view of colourdynamic ceramic tile. The tile comprises a colourdynamic surface 10 obtained by pressing with a relief punch followed by colouring the texture three-dimensional elements in different colours from different sides, and optical elements 11 shaped as glass balls. The latter are spread over the surface of the tile in one layer, the size of the balls being so selected that each ball fills one of the cells of the colourdynamic textured surface. After all the cells have been filled, the tile is subjected to heat treatment as a result of which the balls are fixed by fusing to one another and to the surface of the tile. The fusing of the balls causes the formation of a new face 12, shown by dash-and-dot lines in Figure 3, with a lower texture factor than that of the initial surface formed by balls. Apart from this method, other methods of securing the glass balls to the texture surface, for instance, with the aid of a translucent cement are applicable.
Since the invention can not be embodied without a translucent material, it is quite naturally to apply it in the production of glass finishing materials. In this case, the rear surface of a translucent layer may be used as the colour-carrying surface.
Figures 4 and 5 represent a fragment of the face of a colourdynamic facing glass tile and a sectional view thereof. The external surface of the tile is formed by reticulent optical elements 13, while its colourdynamic surface 14 is formed by pyramidal three-dimensional elements 15 which have different colours on different sides.
Figure 6 illustrates a fragment of the back surface 14 (shown in Figures 4 and 5) of the tile formed by the three-dimensional elements 15 of the texture.
In this embodiment of a colourdynamic material the problem of a well-defined relative correspondence in the arrangement of the colour sections and optical elements is solved in the simplest way since much a correspondence is provided in the process of pressing the tile by relief punches and by colouring the back surface. Regarded as an advantage of this solution is also a well-developed texture of the tile back surface which ensures a reliable cohesion with concrete or mortar during facing operations.
The abovementioned principal limitation of a colourdynamic effect occuring in colourdynamic texture surfaces not provided with optical elements is conditioned by the fact that in percepting such a surface only one fixed visual angle corresponds to each colour.
The structure of the colourdynamic material provided with optical elements allows to remove this limitation, thus substantially extending the scope of possibilities of obtaining deverse modifications of the colourdynamic effect.
This is achieved by the section of appropriate geometrical parameters of optical elements, in particular, their radius of curvature, and also by the selection of a necessary thickness of a translucent protective layer which makes it possible for each optical element to focus, in case of change of the angle of vision, not only on the colour-carrying surface sections located directly under it, but also on the sections located under adjacent optical elements. Such a focusing is ensured, in particular, by the geometrical parameters of the plate whose sectional view is illustrated in Figure 5.
In case of such parameters three different visual angles, but not one will correspond to each colour, i.e., a colour series determined by component colours will be repeated three times in succession in one of the planes in the range from 0 to 180°.
There is also a second embodiment of the technical solution ensuring the broadening of possibilities of obtaining various modifications of the colourdynamic effect, increasing the colour changing activity of the material and at the same time improving the performance characteristics of its external surface.
This embodiment is associated with the use of a translucent protective layer having alternating translucent and opaque sections. The opaque sections of the protective layer located at some distance from the colour-carrying surface function as screens overlapping various colour sections of the internal colour-carrying surface at different visual angles thus excluding these sections from the colour perceptions.
To ensure a colourdynamic effect for such a screening by simultaneously overlapping all the sections of one colour, or all the sections of two, three and more colours, a correspondence in the relative arrangement of the screens and single-colour section of the colour-carrying surface is necessary.
Illustrated In Figure 7 is a fragment of the face of colourdynamic glass tile, and Figure 8 is a sectional view of Figure 7 taken at VII - VII.
Figure 6 illustrates a back textured colourdynamic surface 14 of the same tile. The external surface of the tile is formed by alternating translucent sections 16 and sections 17 (Figures 7, 8), while the back surface is formed by three-dimensional elements 15 (Figures 6, 8) coloured in four different colours on its four different sides. Each opaque element 17 (Figures 7, 8) may simultaneously overlap two different-in-colour sections of the back colour-carrying surface 14 (Figs 6, 8). For instance, with each element 15 of the back textured surface coloured on different sides red, green, yellow and blue, the tile will look blue, green in case of overlapping at some visual angle the red and yellow sections by the screening sections 17, and, respectively, orange in case of overlapping the blue and green sections.
The opaque screening sections 17 (Figs 7, 8) may be obtained directly in tote process of pressing the tile by punches provided with a fine cut capable of producing a dull finish on the respective sections of the surface and also by colouring the surface using stencils and other methods. Like in the previous case, the back surface of the tile ensures its reliable securing with the aid of a special cement mortar owing to the well-developed texture.
The application of the solutions similar to the above-described ones, allows obtaining the decorative stained-glass panels, various glass shapes, glass blocks, etc. In the glass blocks, one of its internal surfaces and also a special glass raster colour plate sealed-in between two halves of a block (which at the same time improves its heat insulation properties due to the formation of two isolated air chambers) may function as a colour-carrying surface. In this case, the optical elements or opaque sections may be located both on the internal and external surfaces of the block.
Apart from the glass materials, the invention makes it possible to produce various sheet and roll raster colourdynamic materials on the basis of translucent polymers. With a colourdynamic textured surface used as colour-carrying one, the role of an optical or screening raster formed by optical elements, or alternating opaque sections boils down to the amplification and modifying of the already existing colourdynamic effect observed on the texture surface. The optical and screening rasters may function not only as additional, but also as main colour separating systems. In this case, the colour-carrying surface may be made smooth in the form of flat colour raster; however, the correspondence of the relative arrangement of the colour-carrying surface sections and optical elements or protective layer opaque sections ensuring the consistent colour separation becomes an obligatory condition of obtaining the colourdynamic effect.
The use of a flat raster as a colour-carrying surface presents a number of serious advantages as compared with the use of the texture surfaces. The basic advantage consists in possibility of wide employment of a highly productive polygraphic and other well-known production processes allowing to obtain a colour-printing on paper, board, fabrics, flat ceramic plates, etc., and also on various synthetic, sheet, roll (including film) materials.
Like in all above-described cases, the colour-carrying surface may be formed either directly on the translucent layer back surface or on the surface of other material with which the translucent layer is connected.
The first version can be most naturally applied in the production of translucent raster film with a flat colour raster typographically printed on the back surface, and with optical elements or opaque sections formed on the face in the process of rolling. In the production of glass per piece and sheet materials, use can be made of a mechanized or automated colouring through a system of special stencils.
However, the second version in which a flat colour raster is formed on the surface of the other material and then combined with the translucent layer seams to be the most perspective.
Since the correspodence in the relative arrangement of the colour-carrying surface sections and the elements of the external, optical or screening raster is a necessary condition for obtaining the effect, the correspondence being faithfully maintained for all similar articles, the question on an unambiguous combination of the colour-carrying surface and translucent protective layer acquires a principal significance.
The problem of a precise and unambiguous combination may be solved by using special fixing elements of two basic types referred to as perimetrical and raster, or a combination of these too types of fixators.
The perimetrical fixators are applicable, mainly, in the production of per piece articles. For instance, a stamped ceramic tile with a flat colour raster formed on its smooth surface by the silk screen printing method may have recesses around its periphery coincident with projection of a thin raster glass plate provided with optical elements. The glass plate may be secured to the ceramic tile by bonding or perimetrical fusing of glass in the process of roasting.
The raster, i.e., multiple fixators favourably compare with the perimetrical ones in ensuring a higher combination accuracy and a high reliability of securing the articles and materials to the surface they are facing.
Figure 9 illustrates a fragment of the face of a glass facing raster tile with lenticular optical elements 18. Figure 10 is sectional view of Figure 9 taken at X-X.
The sectional view demonstrates pins 18 located in plan between the optical elements 18 (Figures 9, 10) on the back surface of the tile (in Figure 9 fixing elements 19 are shown by dash-and-dot line).
Figure 11 illustrates a surface of a colour raster backing 20 made of board. The backing 20 has differing-in-colour printed sections 21, 22, 23, 24 and a perforation in the form of holes 25 (Figure 11), the diameter and layout of holes 25 being in compliance with the diameter and layout of the fixing elements (pins) 19 of the tile (Figs 9, 10). Figure 10 is a sectional view the combination of the raster backing 20 with the tile in which the pins 19 are inserted into holes 25 of the backing 20.
The raster backing 20 (Figs 10, 11) is bonded to the back surface of the tile, but after facing a part of the wall with the tile using a special cement mortar in the backing becomes monolithic and insulated from the environmental effects. The pins 19 (Fig. 10) are also secured in the mortar and function as multiple rater anchors fixing reliably the tile of the wall.
Performed in similar manner are the combination of layers and securing of a glass tile having on its face 26 (Figs 12, 13) a multitude of opaque screening sections 27 (Figs 12, 13) alternating with translucent sections 28. The glass tile is combined with the raster backing 20 (Fig. 11) by pins 29 located on the back surface of the tile. The tile is secured in the same way as in the previous version. In the given version the opaque sections 27 (Figs 12, 13) can simultaneously screen the sections of one of the component colours printed on the backing 20 (Fig. 11).
The use of large-size perforated backings colour raster made of a specially impregnated paper, board or synthetic film allows manufacturing not only individual tiles, but also carpets made of them. The individual tiles are inserted with their fixing pins into respective holes and bonded to the roll backing which may have additional holes in the joints between the adjacent tiles.
When facing the wall panels with such carpets, a carpet is placed on the mould bottom with the backing and pins upward. After placing of the necessary fittings in the mould, it is filled with concrete which enters the additional holes located in the joints between the individual glass tiles and fills these joints from the face side thus insulating the backing from the atmospheric effects and providing for an additional securing of the tile. To protect the face side of the glass tiles having convex optical elements from the cement mortar, the tiles are provided with a thin perimetrical frame projecting as high as the optical elements.
The raster pins may also be used in other cases for a precise combination of a translucent layer with any other material provided with a colour raster on its surface. A ceramic tile, for instance, may have respective hollows on the face side to receive the pins of the glass raster plate with optical elements.
In the production of the roll-type double-layer materials the numerous pins of the protective layer made of a translucent polymer may be inserted into punched holes of a thin colour-carrying layer, whereupon the portions of the pins projecting from the back side may be fused just ensuring a reliable bonding of the layers without cement.
The moire effect, which is frequently used in creating various materials as a decorative effect, occurs as a result of superimposing two or several lattices or several raster surfaces in which the elements arrangement period differs by one or several directions. The moire effect also occurs as a result of the superimposition of two similar lattices if each of them is turned relative to the other through some angle in the plane of their imposition. In the majority of the known solutions use is made of a tone or single-colour moire percepted as a system of periodical thickenings and thinnings obtained on the surface.
In contrast to the known solutions, a very expressive multicolour moire effect manifesting itself by periodical thickenings and thinnings in the form of multicolour strips, squares rings, rainbow-like rings, etc., may be obtained on the raster variable-colour materials.
Figure 14 represents a sectional view of a glass facing tile whose facial side carries periodically arranged optical elements and the back surface has periodically arranged three-dimensional elements 31 with different colours imparted to their different sides in such a way that the similarly oriented sides of the elements have one colour. The three-dimensional elements 31 form a colourdynamic textured surface, their arrangement period being two times less than that of the optical elements 30.
If the arrangement period of the similar-in-colour sections of the colour-carrying surface differs from that of the optical elements or opaque sections only in one direction, multicolour parallel strips moving over the surface and changing their colour with the change of the visual angle will be observed on the surface of the tile.
With the periods differing by two orthogonal directions, multicolour squares, circles, rings and other figures appear on the tile depending on the geometry of arrangement of the optical elements and colour sections.
Considered as a particular case of difference of the periods by two orthogonal directions is the situation when the set of axes of the protective layer optical elements or opaque sections arrangement is turned through a certain angle relative to the identical set of the axis of arrangement of the colour-carrying surface sections having one colour.
The moire effect can be obtained using not only textured, but also flat raster as colour-carrying surfaces, while the translucent layer may be made using the optical elements, opaque sections or a combination of both.
It is essential, that in all the embodiments of the invention the colour sections of a textured or flat coloured raster, as well as the optical elements or opaque sections of the protective layer nay be made as fine as possible, whereby rather thin translucent films and plates, or thin translucent coatings are made use of in the present invention.

Industrial Applicability

All the above described modifications of a decorative colourdynamic material may be obtained through the use of industrial automated processes ensuring a high labour productivity and a low manufacturing cost. The most perspective direction in this case is the production of glass and other translucent facing materials in combination with fine-grain multicoloured polygraphic rasters, allowing to obtain variable-colour materials possesing highly pure component colours and good performance characteristics.

Claims

A decorative colourdynamic material comprising a colour-carrying surface (1) which has sections of different colour and/or different optical properties and at least one translucent protective layer (3) located above the colour-carrying surface, characterized in that at least one of the translucent protective layer sides has three-dimensional translucent optical elements (4), the arrangement of similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of the colour-carrying surface with respect to the closest optical elements (4) of the protective layer (3) located above them being repeated for at least a part of the similar optical elements (4).
A decorative material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that optical elements (11) for which the arrangement of similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of the colour-carrying surface (10) located above them is repeated, are equidistantly spaced over the entire surface of the translucent protective layer.
A decorative material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement of similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of a colour-carrying surface (14) with respect to the closest optical elements (13) of the protective layer arranged above them is repeated for all the similar optical elements (13).
A decorative material as claimed in Claim 2, characterized in that similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of the colour-carrying surface (14) and the optical elements (13) of the protective layer are arranged periodically.
A decorative material as claimed in Claim 4, characterized in that the arrangement period of similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of the colour-carrying surface differs from that of optical elements (30) of the protective layer in one or several directions.
A decorative material as claimed in Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the colour-carrying surface (14) has sections of at least three different colours and/or three different optical properties.
A decorative material as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shortest distance between the points of the colour-carrying surface (14) most distant from the internal surface of the translucent protective layer and the external layer thereof does not exceed the double focus length of the used three-dimensional elements (13).
A decorative material as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that its colour-carrying surface (20) is perforated by a plurality of holes (25) and the translucent protective layer with optical elements (18) has a plurality of fixing pins (19) on the internal surface thereof, the shape, dimensions and arrangement of the holes (25) of the colour-carrying surface being completely coincident with the shape, dimensions and arrangement of the fixing pins (19) of the protective layer which enter the respective holes (25) of the perforation.
A decorative colourdynamic material comprising the colour-carrying surface (14) having the sections of different colour and/or optical properties and at least one translucent protective layer arranged above the colour-carrying surface, characterized in that at least one of the sides of the translucent protective layer has alternating translucent sections (16) and opaque sections (17), the arrangement of the similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of the colour-carrying surface with respect to the closest opaque sections (17) of the protective layer located above them being repeated for at least a part of the similar opaque sections (17) equidistantly spaced over the entire surface of the translucent protective layer.
A decorative material as claimed in Claim 9, characterized in that the arrangement of the similar in colour and/or optical properties sections of the colour-carrying surface (20) with respect to the closest opaque sections (27) of the protective layer arranged over them is repeated for all identical opaque sections (27).
A decorative material as claimed in Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the opaque sections (27) of the protective layer are made semi-translucent with both semi-translucent sections (27) and translucent sections (28) being of at least two different colours alternating on the protective layer surface.
A decorative material as claimed in any of Claims from 1 to 5, characterized in that its colour-carrying surface (14) is of a colourdynamic texture in which the differently oriented sections of each three-dimensional element (15) have different colours and/or optical properties and at least in a part of the three-dimensional elements (15) the similarly oriented surface sections of different three-dimensional elements have a similar colour and/or similar optical properties.