EP0452438A1 - Lichtsteuereinrichtungen mit flüssigkristallen - Google Patents
Lichtsteuereinrichtungen mit flüssigkristallenInfo
- Publication number
- EP0452438A1 EP0452438A1 EP90915402A EP90915402A EP0452438A1 EP 0452438 A1 EP0452438 A1 EP 0452438A1 EP 90915402 A EP90915402 A EP 90915402A EP 90915402 A EP90915402 A EP 90915402A EP 0452438 A1 EP0452438 A1 EP 0452438A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- light control
- control device
- cell
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133382—Heating or cooling of liquid crystal cells other than for activation, e.g. circuits or arrangements for temperature control, stabilisation or uniform distribution over the cell
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/58—Dopants or charge transfer agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
- G02F1/0063—Optical properties, e.g. absorption, reflection or birefringence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
- H04N9/3167—Modulator illumination systems for polarizing the light beam
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133543—Cholesteric polarisers
Definitions
- the invention relates to light control devices which consist of a combination of liquid crystal cells and polarizers.
- FIG. 4 shows an arrangement with a parallel-oriented cell in reflection mode with circularly polarized light.
- Fig. 5 shows an arrangement with a vertically oriented so-called DAP cell in operation with circularly polarized light
- a linear polarizer with a low degree of polarization can be inserted between the ⁇ / 4 plate and TN cell, which improves the linear polarization without reducing the brightness of the Systems deteriorate significantly.
- circular polarizers can be used as the circular polarizer 8, e.g. B. also wavelength-selective reflecting cholesteric layers with a small pitch.
- the light reflected by them is known to be circularly polarized. In color projection systems, this light is controlled by downstream liquid crystal cells. It is advantageous if a previous conversion into linearly polarized light can be dispensed with.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 provide a positive contrast if display cells are constructed according to this principle. Negative contrast is easily possible in each case, namely in FIG. 1 in a known manner by rotating the linear polarizers on the output side by 90 °. In Fig. 2, this is done by using a right-handed circular polarizer instead of a left-handed one.
- FIG. 3 The arrangement shown in FIG. 3 is also based on the fact that, as in FIG. 2, circularly polarized light is fed directly to a TN cell 9.
- the right circularly polarized input light passes through the TN cell.
- the reflector 10 can also be integrated directly on the inside of the rear substrate of the TN cell.
- any other liquid crystal cell can be used for this arrangement, which allows the desired optical path difference between the switched-off and switched-on state to be achieved.
- Other liquid crystal cells with a helical molecular arrangement ie for example the highly twisted so-called supertwist, SBE and STN cells, are particularly suitable. Liquid crystal cells with a non-twisted structure can also be used in this new mode of operation.
- the reflector 10 can be arranged directly on the substrate or the rear wall of the liquid crystal cell, so that light-absorbing structures, such as e.g. Thin film transistors etc., are located behind the reflector and thus do not reduce the aperture or the brightness of the active area of the picture element.
- Another significant advantage is that the path of the light behind the liquid crystal to the reflector and back is shorter due to the lack of an intermediate glass substrate, so that when the light is at an angle, i.e. large viewing angle, the parallax error is smaller than in conventional arrangements.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH3948/89 | 1989-11-01 | ||
CH394889 | 1989-11-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0452438A1 true EP0452438A1 (de) | 1991-10-23 |
Family
ID=4266932
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90915402A Ceased EP0452438A1 (de) | 1989-11-01 | 1990-10-26 | Lichtsteuereinrichtungen mit flüssigkristallen |
EP90915403A Expired - Lifetime EP0450025B1 (de) | 1989-11-01 | 1990-10-26 | Temperaturkompensation von flüssigkristallparametern |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90915403A Expired - Lifetime EP0450025B1 (de) | 1989-11-01 | 1990-10-26 | Temperaturkompensation von flüssigkristallparametern |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5319478A (de) |
EP (2) | EP0452438A1 (de) |
JP (2) | JP2831463B2 (de) |
KR (2) | KR920701862A (de) |
DE (1) | DE59008313D1 (de) |
HK (1) | HK17897A (de) |
SG (1) | SG50560A1 (de) |
WO (2) | WO1991006889A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (133)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5486949A (en) | 1989-06-20 | 1996-01-23 | The Dow Chemical Company | Birefringent interference polarizer |
EP0470817A3 (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1992-11-25 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal electro-optical device |
EP0522620B1 (de) * | 1991-06-28 | 1997-09-03 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Bildwiedergabeanordnung |
US6753044B2 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 2004-06-22 | Reveo, Inc. | Coloring media having improved brightness and color characteristics |
US6034753A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 2000-03-07 | Reveo, Inc. | Circularly polarizing reflective material having super broad-band reflection and transmission characteristics and method of fabricating and using same in diverse applications |
TW289095B (de) * | 1993-01-11 | 1996-10-21 | ||
US5486935A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1996-01-23 | Kaiser Aerospace And Electronics Corporation | High efficiency chiral nematic liquid crystal rear polarizer for liquid crystal displays having a notch polarization bandwidth of 100 nm to 250 nm |
DE4328785A1 (de) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-02 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Optische Elemente mit abbildender farb- und polarisationsselektiver Reflexion enthaltend cholesterische Flüssigkristalle sowie Herstellung und Verwendung dieser Elemente |
US5408346A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1995-04-18 | Kaiser Electro-Optics, Inc. | Optical collimating device employing cholesteric liquid crystal and a non-transmissive reflector |
US6096375A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 2000-08-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical polarizer |
DE69435173D1 (de) | 1993-12-21 | 2009-01-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Mehrschichtiger optischer Film |
US5882774A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1999-03-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical film |
US6498683B2 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2002-12-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multilayer optical bodies |
US6025897A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 2000-02-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Display with reflective polarizer and randomizing cavity |
US6804058B1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 2004-10-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electroluminescent light source and display incorporating same |
US20070091230A1 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 2007-04-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Display incorporating reflective polarizer |
US5532854A (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1996-07-02 | Fergason; James L. | Folded variable birefringerence zeroth order hybrid aligned liquid crystal apparatus |
US5541745A (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1996-07-30 | Fergason; James L. | Illumination system for a display using cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors |
US5717422A (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1998-02-10 | Fergason; James L. | Variable intensity high contrast passive display |
WO1995020180A1 (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-07-27 | Fergason James L | Display system and method |
US5986734A (en) | 1994-04-04 | 1999-11-16 | Rockwell International Corporation | Organic polymer O-plate compensator for improved gray scale performance in twisted nematic liquid crystal displays |
US6101032A (en) | 1994-04-06 | 2000-08-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light fixture having a multilayer polymeric film |
US6184969B1 (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 2001-02-06 | James L. Fergason | Optical display system and method, active and passive dithering using birefringence, color image superpositioning and display enhancement |
JP3295583B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-19 | 2002-06-24 | シャープ株式会社 | 光学装置および該光学装置を用いた頭部搭載型ディスプレイ |
US5751388A (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1998-05-12 | Honeywell Inc. | High efficiency polarized display |
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EP0832392B1 (de) * | 1995-06-26 | 2003-08-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Hintergrundbeleuchtungsvorrichtung mit mehrschichtfilmreflektor |
US5699188A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-12-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Metal-coated multilayer mirror |
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US6080467A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 2000-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | High efficiency optical devices |
US6737154B2 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 2004-05-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multilayer polymer film with additional coatings or layers |
DE69626124T2 (de) * | 1995-06-26 | 2003-10-09 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Diffus reflektierende mehrschicht-polarisatoren und spiegel |
EP0871923A1 (de) * | 1995-06-26 | 1998-10-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Transflektive anzeige mit reflektierendem polarisierendem transflektor |
KR100468560B1 (ko) | 1995-06-26 | 2005-08-04 | 미네소타 마이닝 앤드 매뉴팩춰링 캄파니 | 추가의코팅또는층을갖는다층중합체필름 |
US5731886A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1998-03-24 | Rockwell International Corporation | Birefringent compensator for reflective polarizers |
US6404464B1 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 2002-06-11 | Reveo, Inc. | Method and system for producing color images with improved brightness and color characteristics on radiation absorptive surfaces |
EP0883824B1 (de) | 1996-02-29 | 2003-05-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Film zur helligkeitserhoehung |
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US5867316A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-02-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Multilayer film having a continuous and disperse phase |
JP3291432B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-11 | 2002-06-10 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置およびこれを用いた端末装置 |
US5808794A (en) | 1996-07-31 | 1998-09-15 | Weber; Michael F. | Reflective polarizers having extended red band edge for controlled off axis color |
US6774961B2 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2004-08-10 | Reveo, Inc. | Broad-band polarizer and method of fabricating broad-band polarizers |
US6313893B1 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 2001-11-06 | Duke University | Compensation for DC balancing of liquid crystal displays |
US6627300B1 (en) | 1997-10-12 | 2003-09-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical device containing polymeric material domains having different degrees of randomness |
US6486997B1 (en) | 1997-10-28 | 2002-11-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reflective LCD projection system using wide-angle Cartesian polarizing beam splitter |
US7023602B2 (en) * | 1999-05-17 | 2006-04-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reflective LCD projection system using wide-angle Cartesian polarizing beam splitter and color separation and recombination prisms |
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US6569515B2 (en) | 1998-01-13 | 2003-05-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multilayered polymer films with recyclable or recycled layers |
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US6926952B1 (en) | 1998-01-13 | 2005-08-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Anti-reflective polymer constructions and method for producing same |
US6207260B1 (en) | 1998-01-13 | 2001-03-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multicomponent optical body |
US5999317A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 1999-12-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Toy mirror with transmissive image mode |
US6531230B1 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2003-03-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Color shifting film |
US6049419A (en) | 1998-01-13 | 2000-04-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Multilayer infrared reflecting optical body |
US6111697A (en) | 1998-01-13 | 2000-08-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical device with a dichroic polarizer and a multilayer optical film |
US6157486A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-12-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retroreflective dichroic reflector |
US6012820A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-01-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Compnay | Lighted hand-holdable novelty article |
US6808658B2 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2004-10-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making texture multilayer optical films |
US6120026A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-09-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Game with privacy material |
US6788463B2 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2004-09-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Post-formable multilayer optical films and methods of forming |
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US6024455A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-02-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reflective article with concealed retroreflective pattern |
US6967778B1 (en) | 1998-01-13 | 2005-11-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Optical film with sharpened bandedge |
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US6053795A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-04-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Toy having image mode and changed image mode |
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US6673275B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2004-01-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making optical devices from homopolymers |
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ATE307165T1 (de) | 2000-04-13 | 2005-11-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Lichtstabile gegenstände |
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- 1990-10-26 EP EP90915403A patent/EP0450025B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-26 DE DE59008313T patent/DE59008313D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-26 WO PCT/CH1990/000251 patent/WO1991006889A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-10-26 KR KR1019910700667A patent/KR920701862A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1990-10-26 SG SG1996004990A patent/SG50560A1/en unknown
- 1990-10-26 WO PCT/CH1990/000250 patent/WO1991006613A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1990-10-26 KR KR1019910700666A patent/KR100203549B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-26 US US07/690,894 patent/US5319478A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-26 JP JP2514212A patent/JP2809877B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-02-13 HK HK17897A patent/HK17897A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9106889A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1991006613A1 (de) | 1991-05-16 |
DE59008313D1 (de) | 1995-03-02 |
JPH04502524A (ja) | 1992-05-07 |
SG50560A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 |
KR100203549B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
EP0450025A1 (de) | 1991-10-09 |
KR920701393A (ko) | 1992-08-11 |
EP0450025B1 (de) | 1995-01-18 |
KR920701862A (ko) | 1992-08-12 |
JP2809877B2 (ja) | 1998-10-15 |
HK17897A (en) | 1997-02-13 |
JP2831463B2 (ja) | 1998-12-02 |
WO1991006889A1 (de) | 1991-05-16 |
JPH04502486A (ja) | 1992-05-07 |
US5319478A (en) | 1994-06-07 |
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