EP0511307A1 - Catalytic reactor for gas phase reactions - Google Patents

Catalytic reactor for gas phase reactions

Info

Publication number
EP0511307A1
EP0511307A1 EP91903969A EP91903969A EP0511307A1 EP 0511307 A1 EP0511307 A1 EP 0511307A1 EP 91903969 A EP91903969 A EP 91903969A EP 91903969 A EP91903969 A EP 91903969A EP 0511307 A1 EP0511307 A1 EP 0511307A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
reactor
axis
catalyst particles
catalyst
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91903969A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0511307A4 (en
Inventor
Donald F. Szydlowski
Glenn W. Scheffler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UTC Power Corp
Original Assignee
International Fuel Cells Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Fuel Cells Corp filed Critical International Fuel Cells Corp
Publication of EP0511307A1 publication Critical patent/EP0511307A1/en
Publication of EP0511307A4 publication Critical patent/EP0511307A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B01J8/0085—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction promoting uninterrupted fluid flow, e.g. by filtering out particles in front of the catalyst layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the art of chemical reactors, and more particularly to the art of catalytic chemical reactors for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel stream to provide a hydrogen fuel stream to a fuel cell.
  • a fuel cell is a device for converting the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy.
  • Fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte between the anode and cathode.
  • the anode and cathode each have catalyst layers disposed adjacent to the electrolyte.
  • a fuel stream is electrochemically oxidized at the anode catalyst layer to produce a stream of electrons and an oxidant stream is electrochemically reduced at the cathode catalyst layer.
  • the stream of electrons is conducted from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit.
  • a flow of ions through the electrolyte completes the circuit.
  • a hydrocarbon fuel stream is catalytically reformed to provide a hydrogen fuel stream for the fuel cell anode.
  • the fuel stream passes through a low temperature shift converter.
  • the converter contains a bed of copper catalyst particles. If fine copper catalyst particles become entrained in the gas stream and are transported to the fuel cell anode, poisoning of the anode catalyst may result.
  • a filter is included in the piping between the shift converter and the fuel cell to trap entrained catalyst particles and prevent transport of catalyst particles from the shift converter to the anode.
  • Figure I shows a longitudinal cross section of a catalytic reactor of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a transverse cross section of the catalytic reactor shown in Figure 1 along line 2-2
  • Figure 3 shows a transverse cross section across the reactor shown in Figure 1 along line 3-3.
  • a catalytic reactor for a gas phase chemical reaction includes a housing.
  • the housing extends along an axis from an enclosed first end to an enclosed second end and has a substantially continuous interior surface.
  • the first end of the housing defines an inlet opening for allowing introduction of a gaseous reaction stream to the housing and the second end defines an outlet opening for allowing a gaseous product stream to exit the housing.
  • a bed of catalyst particles is supported within the housing by porous support means.
  • the catalyst particles are catalytically active in the gas phase chemical reaction.
  • Filter means extend across the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis and between the catalyst bed and the outlet opening for preventing transport of catalyst particles from the housing in the gaseous product stream.
  • the filter means provide a large filter surface area, is resistant to clogging and is therefore unlikely to impose a large pressure drop across the reactor.
  • a low temperature shift converter for processing a fuel stream for fuel cell anode is also disclosed as a preferred embodiment of the catalytic reactor described above.
  • the catalyst particles are catalytically active in the shift conversion reaction.
  • the filter means prevents transport of the catalyst particles from the housing to prevent poisoning of the fuel cell anode catalyst layer.
  • Figure 1 shows a catalytic reactor having a right circular cylindrical housing 2 extending along a vertical axis 4, and having an enclosed top end 6 and an enclosed bottom end 8.
  • the enclosed top end 6 defines an inlet opening 10 for allowing introduction of a gaseous reactant stream to the housing 2.
  • the enclosed bottom end 8 defines an outlet opening 12 for allowing a gaseous product stream to exit the housing 2.
  • a porous catalyst support plate 14 is disposed within the housing 2 and extends across housing 2 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the housing 2.
  • a bed of catalyst particles 16 is disposed within the housing 2 and supported on the porous catalyst support plate 14.
  • the composition and particle size of the catalyst particles are chosen according to conventional principles of catalytic reactor design.
  • the catalyst particles are catalytically active in the gas phase chemical reaction to be carried out in the reactor.
  • the catalyst particles may be copper catalyst particles.
  • the porous catalyst support plate 14 includes a plurality of openings for allowing gas flow though the plate. The openings are smaller in diameter than the lower limit of the range of the nominal particle size of the catalyst particles of bed 16.
  • the catalyst particles comprise copper supported on zinc oxide and have a nominal particle size range of about 3.0mm to about 6.0mm and the porous catalyst plate 14 includes a plurality of circular openings each having a diameter of about 2.25mm.
  • a fibrous filter pad 18 is disposed within the housing between the bed of catalyst particles 16 and the outlet opening 12 and extends across the housing 2 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 to prevent transport of catalyst particles 16 from the housing 2.
  • the pad 18 provides a filter area that is about equal to the cross sectional area of the reactor housing 2.
  • the filter pad 18 comprises a pad of woven fibers or a pad of nonwoven fibers.
  • the composition of the fibers is chosen based on the intended reaction conditions within the reactor. In general, ceramic fibers are preferred due to their chemical inertness and refractory properties. Suitable ceramic fibers include silica fibers, alumina fibers, aluminosilicate fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • the diameter of the fibers and the void volume ot the filter pad are chosen to provide a filter pad that traps particles having a particle size greater than a preselected minimum particle size.
  • the fibers have a fiber diameter between about 2 microns and 3 microns
  • the fibrous filter pad 18 has a void volume between about 92% and about 98% and the filter pad prevents transport of particles having a particle size greater than about 1.0 micron.
  • the orientation of the reactor of the present invention may be reversed so that the inlet opening is defined by the bottom end of the reactor and the outlet opening is defined by the top end of the reactor, the catalyst bed is supported by a catalyst support plate and the filter pad is disposed between the catalyst bed and the top end of the reactor.
  • a filter having a large surface area is able to trap a larger quantity of particulate debris without clogging than is a filter having a relatively small surface area.
  • the filter pad of the reactor of the present invention provides a large filter surface area relative to the cross sectional area of the reactor, is able to trap a relatively large guantity of particulate debris without clogging and is therefore unlikely to impose a large pressure drop across the reactor.

Abstract

Un réacteur catalytique pour réactions en phase gazeuse comprend un logement (2), une plaque poreuse (14) de support du catalyseur agencée à l'intérieur du logement (2), un lit de particules de catalyseur (16) agencé dans le logement (2) et un tampon fibreux de filtrage (18) qui traverse le logement (2) afin d'éviter la sortie de particules de catalyseur (16) du logement (2). Le tampon de filtrage (18) est résistant aux obstructions et crée une faible chute de pression à travers le réacteur.A catalytic reactor for gas phase reactions comprises a housing (2), a porous plate (14) for supporting the catalyst arranged inside the housing (2), a bed of catalyst particles (16) arranged in the housing ( 2) and a fibrous filter pad (18) which passes through the housing (2) in order to prevent the exit of catalyst particles (16) from the housing (2). The filter pad (18) is resistant to blockage and creates a low pressure drop across the reactor.

Description

Description
Catalytic Reactor for Gas Phase Reactions
Technical Field The present invention pertains to the art of chemical reactors, and more particularly to the art of catalytic chemical reactors for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel stream to provide a hydrogen fuel stream to a fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is a device for converting the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy. Fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte between the anode and cathode. The anode and cathode each have catalyst layers disposed adjacent to the electrolyte. A fuel stream is electrochemically oxidized at the anode catalyst layer to produce a stream of electrons and an oxidant stream is electrochemically reduced at the cathode catalyst layer. The stream of electrons is conducted from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit. A flow of ions through the electrolyte completes the circuit.
Typically, a hydrocarbon fuel stream is catalytically reformed to provide a hydrogen fuel stream for the fuel cell anode. As a final step in the reforming process, the fuel stream passes through a low temperature shift converter. The converter contains a bed of copper catalyst particles. If fine copper catalyst particles become entrained in the gas stream and are transported to the fuel cell anode, poisoning of the anode catalyst may result.
In conventional fuel cell power plants, a filter is included in the piping between the shift converter and the fuel cell to trap entrained catalyst particles and prevent transport of catalyst particles from the shift converter to the anode.
Conventional filters may become plugged with catalyst debris thereby imposing a large pressure drop across the system and reducing the flow rate of the fuel gas.
Brief Description of the Drawing
Figure I shows a longitudinal cross section of a catalytic reactor of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows a transverse cross section of the catalytic reactor shown in Figure 1 along line 2-2, and Figure 3 shows a transverse cross section across the reactor shown in Figure 1 along line 3-3.
Summary of the Invention
A catalytic reactor for a gas phase chemical reaction is disclosed. The reactor includes a housing. The housing extends along an axis from an enclosed first end to an enclosed second end and has a substantially continuous interior surface. The first end of the housing defines an inlet opening for allowing introduction of a gaseous reaction stream to the housing and the second end defines an outlet opening for allowing a gaseous product stream to exit the housing. A bed of catalyst particles is supported within the housing by porous support means. The catalyst particles are catalytically active in the gas phase chemical reaction. Filter means extend across the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis and between the catalyst bed and the outlet opening for preventing transport of catalyst particles from the housing in the gaseous product stream. The filter means provide a large filter surface area, is resistant to clogging and is therefore unlikely to impose a large pressure drop across the reactor.
A low temperature shift converter for processing a fuel stream for fuel cell anode is also disclosed as a preferred embodiment of the catalytic reactor described above. In the low temperature shift converter, the catalyst particles are catalytically active in the shift conversion reaction. The filter means prevents transport of the catalyst particles from the housing to prevent poisoning of the fuel cell anode catalyst layer.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Figure 1 shows a catalytic reactor having a right circular cylindrical housing 2 extending along a vertical axis 4, and having an enclosed top end 6 and an enclosed bottom end 8. The enclosed top end 6 defines an inlet opening 10 for allowing introduction of a gaseous reactant stream to the housing 2. The enclosed bottom end 8 defines an outlet opening 12 for allowing a gaseous product stream to exit the housing 2.
A porous catalyst support plate 14 is disposed within the housing 2 and extends across housing 2 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the housing 2.
A bed of catalyst particles 16 is disposed within the housing 2 and supported on the porous catalyst support plate 14. The composition and particle size of the catalyst particles are chosen according to conventional principles of catalytic reactor design. The catalyst particles are catalytically active in the gas phase chemical reaction to be carried out in the reactor. For example, in a low temperature shift converter, the catalyst particles may be copper catalyst particles. The porous catalyst support plate 14 includes a plurality of openings for allowing gas flow though the plate. The openings are smaller in diameter than the lower limit of the range of the nominal particle size of the catalyst particles of bed 16. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst particles comprise copper supported on zinc oxide and have a nominal particle size range of about 3.0mm to about 6.0mm and the porous catalyst plate 14 includes a plurality of circular openings each having a diameter of about 2.25mm.
A fibrous filter pad 18 is disposed within the housing between the bed of catalyst particles 16 and the outlet opening 12 and extends across the housing 2 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 to prevent transport of catalyst particles 16 from the housing 2. The pad 18 provides a filter area that is about equal to the cross sectional area of the reactor housing 2.
The filter pad 18 comprises a pad of woven fibers or a pad of nonwoven fibers. The composition of the fibers is chosen based on the intended reaction conditions within the reactor. In general, ceramic fibers are preferred due to their chemical inertness and refractory properties. Suitable ceramic fibers include silica fibers, alumina fibers, aluminosilicate fibers and mixtures thereof.
The diameter of the fibers and the void volume ot the filter pad are chosen to provide a filter pad that traps particles having a particle size greater than a preselected minimum particle size. in a prefered embodiment, the fibers have a fiber diameter between about 2 microns and 3 microns, the fibrous filter pad 18 has a void volume between about 92% and about 98% and the filter pad prevents transport of particles having a particle size greater than about 1.0 micron. Alternatively, the orientation of the reactor of the present invention may be reversed so that the inlet opening is defined by the bottom end of the reactor and the outlet opening is defined by the top end of the reactor, the catalyst bed is supported by a catalyst support plate and the filter pad is disposed between the catalyst bed and the top end of the reactor.
The tendency of a filter to clog, i.e. impose a flow restriction, is directly related to the surface area of the filter. Other factors being equal, a filter having a large surface area is able to trap a larger quantity of particulate debris without clogging than is a filter having a relatively small surface area.
Unlike conventional small diameter filters installed in process piping that may become clogged with small quantities of particulate debris and thereafter significantly restrict gas flow through the reactor, the filter pad of the reactor of the present invention provides a large filter surface area relative to the cross sectional area of the reactor, is able to trap a relatively large guantity of particulate debris without clogging and is therefore unlikely to impose a large pressure drop across the reactor.
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustrations and not limitation. What is claimed is:

Claims

Claims
1. A catalytic reactor for a gas phase chemical reaction, comprising: a housing extending along an axis from an enclosed first end to an enclosed second end, and having a substantially continuous interior surface, said first end defining an inlet opening for allowing introduction of a gaseous reactant stream to the housing and said second end defining an outlet opening for allowing a gaseous product stream to exit the housing; a bed of catalyst particles disposed within the housing said catalyst particles being catalytically active in the gas phase chemical reaction; porous support means for supporting the bed of catalyst particles within the housing; and filter means, extending across the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the housing and between the catalyst bed and the outlet opening of the housing, for preventing transport of catalyst particles from the housing in the gaseous product stream.
2. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the axis comprises a horizontal axis, the first end comprises a top end, the second end comprises a bottom end and the porous support means is disposed between the catalyst bed and the filter pad.
3. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the axis comprises a horizontal axis, the first end comprises a bottom end and the second end comprises a top end.
4. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a right circular cylinder.
5. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the porous support means comprises a porous plate extending across the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the housing.
6. The reactor of claim 5, wherein the catalyst particles have nominal particle sizes between about 3.0mm and about 6.0mm, the porous catalyst support plate includes a plurality of openings, said openings each having a diameter between 2.0mm and 2.5mm, and wherein said filter means prevents transport of particles having a particle size having a particle size greater than about 1.0 micron.
7. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the filter means comprises a fibrous filter pad.
8. The reactor of claim 7, wherein the fibrous filter pad comprises ceramic fibers.
9. The reactor of claim 8, wherein the ceramic fibers comprise silica fibers, alumina fibers, aluminosilicate fibers or mixtures thereof.
10. The reactor of claim 8, wherein the ceramic fibers have a fiber diameter between 2 microns and 3 microns and the filter pad has a void volume between 92% and 98%.
11. A low temperature shift converter for processing a fuel stream for a fuel cell anode, comprising: a housing extending along an axis from a first end to a second end, said first end defining an inlet opening for allowing introduction of a gaseous reactant stream to the housing and said second end defining an outlet opening for allowing a gaseous product stream to exit the housing; a bed of catalyst particles disposed within the housing, said catalyst particles being catalytically active in the shift conversion reaction; porous support means for supporting the bed of catalyst particles within the reactor; and filter means, extending across the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the housing and between the catalyst bed and the outlet opening of the housing, for preventing transport of catalyst particles from the housing in the gaseous product stream to prevent poisoning of the fuel cell anode.
12. The reactor of claim 11, wherein the axis comprises a horizontal axis, the first end comprises a top end, the second end comprises a bottom end and the porous support means is disposed between the catalyst bed and the filter pad.
13. The reactor of claim 11, wherein the axis comprises a horizontal axis, the first end comprises a bottom end and the second end comprises a top end.
14. The converter of claim 11, wherein the housing comprises a right circular cylinder.
15. The reactor of claim 11, wherein the porous support means comprises a porous plate extending across the housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the housing.
16. The converter of claim 15, wherein the catalyst particles have particle sizes between about 3.0mm and about 6.0mm, the porous catalyst support plate includes a plurality of openings, said openings each having a diameter between 2.0mm and 2.5mm, and wherein said filter means prevents transport of particles having a particle size greater than about 1.0 micron.
17. The reactor of claim 11, wherein the filter means comprises a fibrous filter pad.
18. The converter of claim 17, wherein the fibrous filter pad comprises ceramic fibers.
19. The converter of claim 18, wherein the ceramic fibers comprise silicia fibers, alumina fibers, aluminosilicate fibers or mixtures thereof.
20. The converter of claim 18, wherein the fibers have a fiber diameter between 2.0 microns and 3.0 microns and the filter pad has a void volume between 92% and 98%.
EP19910903969 1990-01-18 1991-01-18 Catalytic reactor for gas phase reactions Withdrawn EP0511307A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US46704690A 1990-01-18 1990-01-18
US467046 1990-01-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0511307A1 true EP0511307A1 (en) 1992-11-04
EP0511307A4 EP0511307A4 (en) 1993-01-07

Family

ID=23854131

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910903969 Withdrawn EP0511307A4 (en) 1990-01-18 1991-01-18 Catalytic reactor for gas phase reactions

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0511307A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2835182B2 (en)
WO (1) WO1991010496A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4305344C2 (en) * 1993-02-20 1996-11-21 Degussa Process for the degradation of highly toxic halogenated organic compounds contained in gases
EP1036757B1 (en) * 1999-03-15 2004-05-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Hydrogen generating apparatus
GB2406802A (en) * 2003-09-11 2005-04-13 Caldo Environmental Engineerin Reactor incorporating a filter system
US9663366B2 (en) 2012-03-05 2017-05-30 Basf Se Ammonia oxidation reactor with internal filter element
WO2019020705A1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-01-31 Haldor Topsøe A/S Catalytic reactor comprising fibrous catalyst particles support
JP2020528345A (en) * 2017-07-27 2020-09-24 ハルドール・トプサー・アクチエゼルスカベット Catalytic reactor containing fibrous catalytic particle support
WO2021213747A1 (en) 2020-04-20 2021-10-28 Haldor Topsøe A/S Reactor for a catalytic process

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2387026A (en) * 1942-01-02 1945-10-16 Phillips Petroleum Co Catalyst chamber
US4376675A (en) * 1979-05-24 1983-03-15 Whatman Reeve Angel Limited Method of manufacturing an inorganic fiber filter tube and product

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2721788A (en) * 1950-08-25 1955-10-25 Gen Electric Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
US2965936A (en) * 1957-06-25 1960-12-27 Ben Venne Lab Inc Sterilizing apparatus employing gas
DE1553467A1 (en) * 1966-04-16 1970-09-17 Sudhaus Soehne Heinrich lock
US3754870A (en) 1971-08-26 1973-08-28 Universal Oil Prod Co Method and means of catalytically converting fluids
DE2848086C2 (en) * 1978-11-06 1986-11-06 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Tubular reactor for catalytic processes
JPS59105275A (en) * 1982-12-07 1984-06-18 Toshiba Corp Fuel cell power generating system
JPS60210504A (en) * 1984-03-31 1985-10-23 Toshiba Corp Reforming apparatus
JP2623245B2 (en) * 1987-02-27 1997-06-25 日本原子力研究所 Active metal bead

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2387026A (en) * 1942-01-02 1945-10-16 Phillips Petroleum Co Catalyst chamber
US4376675A (en) * 1979-05-24 1983-03-15 Whatman Reeve Angel Limited Method of manufacturing an inorganic fiber filter tube and product

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO9110496A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0511307A4 (en) 1993-01-07
JPH05504230A (en) 1993-07-01
WO1991010496A1 (en) 1991-07-25
JP2835182B2 (en) 1998-12-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8524164B2 (en) Filtration, flow distribution and catalytic method for process streams
KR100929886B1 (en) Compact Fuel Processor for High Hydrogen Gas Production
JP2002541462A (en) Apparatus and method for recombining hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide with oxygen
RU2472577C2 (en) Thin-bed reactor with static bed for chemical treatment of finely-ground solid catalyst
CN1777740B (en) Porous sheet for processing ic engine waste gas and base plate with same
US6291603B1 (en) Filtration and flow distribution method for chemical reactors using reticulated ceramics with uniform pore distributions
JP2003201103A (en) Reactor system having auto ignition and carbon suppression foam
EP0511307A1 (en) Catalytic reactor for gas phase reactions
US7115148B2 (en) Compact methanol steam reformer with integrated hydrogen separation
CA2521097A1 (en) Method and apparatus for separating liquid from a gas stream
JP2013212988A (en) Cylindrical steam reformer
KR100852954B1 (en) Method and device for aftertreatment of exhaust gases from combustion engines
US4087252A (en) Fluids mixing and distributing apparatus
EP1610890B1 (en) Integrated fuel processor apparatus and enclosure and methods of using same
JP3369846B2 (en) Reactor for fuel cell
US5922291A (en) Reforming reactor system and particle filter usable therefor
US20050118489A1 (en) Modified gas outlet for improved reactant handling in fuel cell separator plates
EP1001837B1 (en) Filtration and flow distribution method for chemical reactors
JP2955054B2 (en) Method and apparatus for producing hydrogen for fuel cells and supply method
JP4550617B2 (en) Hydrocarbon fuel steam reformer
JP4443968B2 (en) Hydrogen production equipment
JPH11139801A (en) Reformer for fuel cell
JPH0576775A (en) Fuel reformer
CN218665413U (en) High-temperature solid oxide fuel cell natural gas reforming reactor
CN212532663U (en) Waste water reactor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920716

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL SE

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 19921119

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A4

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19931203

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19940614