EP0528177B1 - Internal fixator for the correction of a lumbar spondyldisthesis - Google Patents

Internal fixator for the correction of a lumbar spondyldisthesis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0528177B1
EP0528177B1 EP19920112132 EP92112132A EP0528177B1 EP 0528177 B1 EP0528177 B1 EP 0528177B1 EP 19920112132 EP19920112132 EP 19920112132 EP 92112132 A EP92112132 A EP 92112132A EP 0528177 B1 EP0528177 B1 EP 0528177B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
bone screws
stop
extension
extensions
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19920112132
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0528177A3 (en
EP0528177A2 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Blömer
Karl Braun
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Aesculap AG
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Aesculap AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • A61B17/7076—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
    • A61B17/7077—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae
    • A61B17/708—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae with tubular extensions coaxially mounted on the bone anchors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal fixator for repositioning a lumbar spondylolisthesis with two bone screws which can be screwed into the vertebral body to be reduced or an adjacent bone and which are articulated in their regions protruding from the bones by means of a cross strut, with the bone screws engaging in the longitudinal direction extending extensions and with a tensioning device, which applies a tensile force to one of the two bone screws, the tensioning device having a pivotally mounted pivot lever on the extension of the one bone screw, which extends essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the extension.
  • the clamping device comprises two threaded rods which are rotatably mounted on both extensions of the bone screws. If a reduction is to be achieved, both threaded rods must be turned so that they finally form a rectangle together with the extensions. The introduction of the required tensile forces is therefore quite complex, and this fixator is difficult to handle internally.
  • the pulling force is transmitted through the swivel lever.
  • This is mounted on the extension that is assigned to the non-repositionable bone part, so here the tensile forces are introduced from the bearing point of the pivot lever directly into the non-repositionable bone part, which thus forms an abutment for the entire device.
  • This can be, for example, a vertebral body adjacent to the vertebral body to be reduced.
  • the cross strut serves as an abutment for a tensioning device, so that in the construction according to the invention, when the vertebral body is repositioned, the swivel connections between the cross strut and extensions can remain detached.
  • the stop on the extension of the vertebral body to be repositioned can be pivoted about an axis which runs parallel to the pivot axis of the lever.
  • the stop preferably surrounds the lever and is freely displaceable relative to the lever in its longitudinal direction. In this way, a pivotable bearing sleeve for the lever is obtained, which guides the lever on the one hand to the extension of the vertebral body to be repositioned and on the other hand transmits the tensile forces to the extension without hindering the pivoting of the extension when the vertebrae are distracted.
  • the lever has an external thread in the area between the two extensions, onto which a stop nut is screwed. This determines the effective length of the lever between the articulation point of the same and the stop of the extension, so that when the lever is pivoted, the cross strut and the lever, together with the extensions, form a guide similar to a parallelogram, which enables an essentially tilt-free transverse displacement of the vertebral body to be reduced.
  • the lever is designed with two arms, one arm leading to the stop on the extension of the vertebral body to be repositioned, while the other is designed as a grip part.
  • the surgeon can pivot the lever very sensitively with the aid of the handle part and, under certain circumstances, also apply the force necessary for transverse displacement of the vertebral body to be repositioned by means of a larger ratio.
  • extension on which the lever is mounted bears a fixed stop against which an actuator mounted on the lever stops and thereby prevents the vertebral body to be reduced from falling. Once a reduction position has been reached, it can be fixed in this way, for example in order to enable precise control of the vertebral position reached.
  • the actuator is preferably an adjusting screw screwed into an internal thread of the lever and protruding from the internal thread.
  • the extensions are detachably connected to the bone screws.
  • the extensions can be easily removed. They can also be replaced at a later time so that the reduction can also be carried out in stages. Sharp spots caused by pinching off the extensions in conventional Extensions and possible injuries are avoided.
  • the extensions can have sleeves on which the lever or the stop is mounted. These sleeves are held on the bone screws by fixing screws which pass through the sleeves and can be screwed into the bone screws.
  • the extensions can also have recesses at their free ends for receiving a distraction instrument, which is used to distract the spine before the actual repositioning, in order to create the space required for a repositioning for the vertebral body to be repositioned.
  • the surgical instrument shown in the drawing comprises an internal fixator with an attached reduction device which is designed to be removable.
  • an internal fixator for the reduction of a vertebral body that has shifted laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the spine, two such instruments are required, which are arranged symmetrically to each other on both sides of the longitudinal spine plane.
  • These instruments can be made completely identical or exactly mirror images, so that only one of these instruments is discussed in the following description.
  • Each of these instruments comprises two essentially identical bone screws 1, 2 with a screw-in thread 3 or 4 and with an adjoining smooth shaft 5 or 6, each of which is delimited by a flange 7, 8 projecting like a flange.
  • a clamping piece 9 or 10 is pushed onto the shaft 5, 6 of each bone screw 1 or 2.
  • the two clamping pieces 9 and 10 are penetrated by a cross strut 11 designed as a threaded rod, which runs essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the bone screws 1 and 2.
  • the cross strut 11 is screwed into the clamping pieces 9, 10 and is thereby fixed in the axial direction.
  • Both clamping pieces 9 and 10 have clamping screws 12 and 13 which, in the released state, allow the cross strut 11 to be pivoted relative to the bone screws 1, 2, namely about an axis which is perpendicular to that through the cross strut and the bone screws is on the spanned plane.
  • the clamping pieces 9 and 10 can be fixed so that this pivoting of the cross strut 11 relative to the bone screws 1 and 2 is prevented.
  • Both bone screws 1, 2 have an internal threaded bore 14 or 15 at their end facing away from the screw-in thread 3 or 4, into each of which an extension 16 or 17 is screwed.
  • Both extensions have an elongated sleeve 18 and 19, respectively, through which a fixing screw 20, 21 extends, which are screwed into the internally threaded bores 14 and 15 of the bone screws 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the sleeves 18, 19 have corrugations 22 and 23 in their upper end region, and corrugations 24 and 25 are also arranged at the upper ends of the fixing screws 20, 21 in the regions protruding from the sleeves 18 and 19.
  • a pin-shaped extension 26 or 27 with two parallel frets 28, 29 or 30, 31 At the free ends of the fixing screws 20 and 21 they carry a pin-shaped extension 26 or 27 with two parallel frets 28, 29 or 30, 31.
  • the grooves or recesses 32, 33 or 34 and 35 formed between these frets do not serve one in the drawing shown, known distraction instrument as a target.
  • a distraction instrument can, for example, carry hooks which can be inserted into the grooves and which are held on the branches of the forceps-like instrument.
  • a vertically protruding bearing pin 36 is arranged on a sleeve 18 on its lower edge, on which a two-armed lever 37 is pivotably mounted.
  • a screw 39 penetrating a bearing bore 38 on the lever 37 is used to fix it on the bearing pin 26 (FIG. 3).
  • An arm 40 of the lever 37 is designed as a threaded rod onto which a knurled nut 41 is screwed.
  • the arm 40 is also immersed in a bearing sleeve 42 in which the arm 40 is freely displaceable in the longitudinal direction.
  • the bearing sleeve 42 has a bearing bore 43, which in turn is rotatably mounted on a bearing pin 44 which is arranged parallel to the bearing pin 36, but on the sleeve 19 of the other extension.
  • the bearing sleeve 42 is fixed by a screw 45 screwed into the bearing bolt 44.
  • the other arm 46 of the lever 37 forms an angle of approximately 135 ° with the arm 40, it is in turn angled so that the free end of the arm 46 points approximately in the direction of the bone screws and the extensions (FIG. 1).
  • a set screw 48 is screwed, which can be applied with its free end to a fixed stop 49 of the sleeve 18.
  • a pivoting movement of the lever 37 is blocked in one direction, in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a clockwise direction.
  • the two bone screws 1 and 2 are first inserted, namely one bone screw into the vertebral body 50 to be reduced, the other bone screw into an adjacent bone, for example an adjacent vertebral body or in the hip bone.
  • the screwing in takes place laterally offset with respect to the longitudinal center plane of the spine, instruments of the same design are used on both sides of this longitudinal center plane.
  • the clamping pieces 9 and 10 with the cross strut 11 are placed on the shanks 5 and 6 of the bone screws 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the clamping pieces 9 and 10 remain loosened, that is, the cross strut can be pivoted relative to the bone screws 1 and 2, but the distance between the two clamping pieces 9 and 10 is determined by the cross strut 11.
  • the spine is stretched by distraction.
  • the pin-shaped extensions 26 and 27 of the two sleeves 18 and 19 are attacked and the ends of these sleeves 18 and 19 are brought closer to one another by means of a suitable distraction instrument.
  • this leads on the one hand to a spreading of the spine and on the other hand to a slight tilting of the vertebral body 50 to be reduced. Since the clamping pieces 9 and 10 are not fixed, the two structural units can be swivel against each other to a small extent.
  • the lever 37 does not hinder this distraction in any way; during the distraction, the arm 40 slides in the bearing sleeve 42, which can freely adjust its angular position relative to the sleeve 19.
  • the vertebral body 50 is actually repositioned by pivoting the two-armed lever 37 in such a way that the arm 40 exerts an upward tensile force on the sleeve 19 and thus the bone screw 2.
  • This can be achieved simply by pivoting the lever counterclockwise (FIGS. 1 and 2), the bearing forces for the lever 37 being introduced directly into the bone acting as an abutment via the sleeve 18 and the bone screw 1.
  • the desired swirl position As soon as the desired swirl position has been reached, it can be momentarily fixed by applying the set screw 48 to the stop 49 and applying the knurled nut 41 to the bearing sleeve 42.
  • the clamping screws 12 and 13 are then tightened so that the two bone screws 1 and 2 and the cross strut 11 form a now rigid fixator for the vertebral body 50 to be reduced.
  • the extensions 16 and 17 can be removed by loosening the fixing screws 20 and 21 from the bone screws 1 and 2, so that only the internal fixator formed from the bone screws 1 and 2 and the cross strut 11 remains in the body.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Fixateur interne zur Reposition einer lumbalen Spondylolisthesis mit zwei in den zu reponierenden Wirbelkörper beziehungsweise einen benachbarten Knochen einschraubbaren Knochenschrauben, die in ihren aus den Knochen hervorstehenden Bereichen mittels einer Querstrebe gelenkig verbunden sind, mit an den Knochenschrauben angreifenden, sich in deren Längsrichtung erstreckenden Verlängerungen und mit einer Spannvorrichtung, die eine der beiden Knochenschrauben mit einer Zugkraft beaufschlagt, wobei die Spannvorrichtung einen drehbar an der Verlängerung der einen Knochenschraube gelagerten Schwenkhebel aufweist, der im wesentlichen quer zur Längsrichtung der Verlängerung verläuft.The invention relates to an internal fixator for repositioning a lumbar spondylolisthesis with two bone screws which can be screwed into the vertebral body to be reduced or an adjacent bone and which are articulated in their regions protruding from the bones by means of a cross strut, with the bone screws engaging in the longitudinal direction extending extensions and with a tensioning device, which applies a tensile force to one of the two bone screws, the tensioning device having a pivotally mounted pivot lever on the extension of the one bone screw, which extends essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the extension.

Aus der deutschen Patentschrift 36 25 542 ist ein Fixateur interne bekannt, bei dem die Spannvorrichtung durch eine Gewindespindel gebildet ist, die parallel zu der Knochenschraube verläuft, auf die die Zugkraft ausgeübt werden soll. Die Spannvorrichtung stützt sich dabei an der Querstrebe ab, die auf diese Weise die notwendigen Kräfte zur Reposition des Wirbelkörpers von der Spannvorrichtung auf die andere Knochenschraube und den benachbarten Knochen übertragen muß. Es ergibt sich dadurch eine Konstruktion, die entweder die notwendigen Kräfte nicht starr in den benachbarten Knochen einleiten kann oder die so kräftig gebaut werden muß, daß sich ein sperriger und für die Handhabbarkeit zu schwerer Aufbau ergibt.From the German patent 36 25 542 an internal fixator is known, in which the tensioning device is formed by a threaded spindle which runs parallel to the bone screw on which the tensile force is to be exerted. The tensioning device is supported on the cross strut, which in this way has to transmit the forces required to reduce the vertebral body from the tensioning device to the other bone screw and the adjacent bone. This results in a construction that Either the necessary forces cannot be rigidly introduced into the neighboring bones, or they have to be built so vigorously that a bulky structure that is too difficult to handle results.

Aus der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 90/02527 ist ein gattungsgemäßer Fixateur interne bekannt, bei dem die Spannvorrichtung zwei Gewindestangen umfaßt, die an beiden Verlängerungen der Knochenschrauben drehbar gelagert sind. Soll eine Reposition erzielt werden, so müssen beide Gewindestangen so verdreht werden, daß sie schließlich zusammen mit den Verlängerungen ein Rechteck bilden. Die Einleitung der erforderlichen Zugkräfte ist somit recht aufwendig, und in der Handhabung ist dieser Fixateur interne schwierig.From the international patent application WO 90/02527 a generic internal fixator is known, in which the clamping device comprises two threaded rods which are rotatably mounted on both extensions of the bone screws. If a reduction is to be achieved, both threaded rods must be turned so that they finally form a rectangle together with the extensions. The introduction of the required tensile forces is therefore quite complex, and this fixator is difficult to handle internally.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen gattungsgemäßen Fixateur interne so zu verbessern, daß die Einleitung der zur Reposition des Wirbelkörpers notwendigen Zugkräfte in den benachbarten Knochenteil verbessert wird.It is an object of the invention to improve a generic internal fixator in such a way that the introduction of the tensile forces required for repositioning the vertebral body into the adjacent bone part is improved.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Fixateur interne der eingangs beschriebenen Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Schwenkhebel an einem Anschlag der anderen, dem zu reponierenden Wirbelkörper zugeordneten Verlängerung anliegt, und die Gelenkverbindungen zwischen Knochenschrauben und Querstrebe fixierbar sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in an internal fixator of the type described in the introduction in that the pivot lever bears against a stop of the other extension associated with the vertebral body to be repositioned, and the articulated connections between the bone screws and the cross strut can be fixed.

Bei einer solchen Lösung wird die Zugkraft durch den Schwenkhebel übertragen. Dieser ist an der Verlängerung gelagert, die dem nicht zu reponierenden Knochenteil zugeordnet ist, hier erfolgt also die Einleitung der Zugkräfte aus der Lagerstelle des Schwenkhebels unmittelbar in den nicht zu reponierenden Knochenteil, der somit ein Widerlager für die gesamte Vorrichtung bildet. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um einen dem zu reponierenden Wirbelkörper benachbarten Wirbelkörper handeln. Insbesondere ist es bei dieser Konstruktion nicht notwendig, daß die Querstrebe als Widerlager für eine Spannvorrichtung dient, so daß bei der erfindungsgemäßen Konstruktion beim Reponieren des Wirbelkörpers die Schwenkverbindungen zwischen Querstrebe und Verlängerungen gelöst bleiben können.In such a solution, the pulling force is transmitted through the swivel lever. This is mounted on the extension that is assigned to the non-repositionable bone part, so here the tensile forces are introduced from the bearing point of the pivot lever directly into the non-repositionable bone part, which thus forms an abutment for the entire device. This can be, for example, a vertebral body adjacent to the vertebral body to be reduced. In particular, it is at This construction does not require that the cross strut serves as an abutment for a tensioning device, so that in the construction according to the invention, when the vertebral body is repositioned, the swivel connections between the cross strut and extensions can remain detached.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß der Anschlag an der Verlängerung des zu reponierenden Wirbelkörpers um eine Achse verschwenkbar ist, die zur Schwenkachse des Hebels parallel verläuft. Vorzugsweise umgibt dabei der Anschlag den Hebel und ist relativ zu dem Hebel in dessen Längsrichtung frei verschieblich. Man erhält auf diese Weise eine verschwenkbare Lagerhülse für den Hebel, die den Hebel einerseits an der Verlängerung des zu reponierenden Wirbelkörpers führt und andererseits die Zugkräfte auf die Verlängerung überträgt, ohne die Verschwenkung der Verlängerung beim Distrahieren der Wirbel zu behindern.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the stop on the extension of the vertebral body to be repositioned can be pivoted about an axis which runs parallel to the pivot axis of the lever. The stop preferably surrounds the lever and is freely displaceable relative to the lever in its longitudinal direction. In this way, a pivotable bearing sleeve for the lever is obtained, which guides the lever on the one hand to the extension of the vertebral body to be repositioned and on the other hand transmits the tensile forces to the extension without hindering the pivoting of the extension when the vertebrae are distracted.

Es kann vorgesehen sein, daß der Hebel im Bereich zwischen den beiden Verlängerungen ein Außengewinde trägt, auf das eine Anschlagmutter aufgeschraubt ist. Damit wird die effektive Länge des Hebels zwischen der Anlenkstelle desselben und dem Anschlag der Verlängerung festgelegt, so daß beim Verschwenken des Hebels die Querstrebe und der Hebel gemeinsam mit den Verlängerungen eine parallelogrammlenkerähnliche Führung bilden, die eine im wesentlichen kippungsfreie Querverschiebung des zu reponierenden Wirbelkörpers ermöglichen.It can be provided that the lever has an external thread in the area between the two extensions, onto which a stop nut is screwed. This determines the effective length of the lever between the articulation point of the same and the stop of the extension, so that when the lever is pivoted, the cross strut and the lever, together with the extensions, form a guide similar to a parallelogram, which enables an essentially tilt-free transverse displacement of the vertebral body to be reduced.

Günstig ist es weiterhin, wenn der Hebel zweiarmig ausgebildet ist, wobei ein Arm zu dem Anschlag an der Verlängerung des zu reponierenden Wirbelkörpers führt, während der andere als Griffteil ausgeführt ist. Durch eine solche zweiarmige Ausgestaltung des Hebels kann der Operateur den Hebel mit Hilfe des Griffteils sehr gefühlvoll verschwenken und dabei unter Umständen auch über eine größere Übersetzung die notwendige Kraft zur Querverschiebung des zu reponierenden Wirbelkörpers aufbringen.It is also expedient if the lever is designed with two arms, one arm leading to the stop on the extension of the vertebral body to be repositioned, while the other is designed as a grip part. With such a two-armed configuration of the lever, the surgeon can pivot the lever very sensitively with the aid of the handle part and, under certain circumstances, also apply the force necessary for transverse displacement of the vertebral body to be repositioned by means of a larger ratio.

Es kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, daß die Verlängerung, an der der Hebel gelagert ist, einen festen Anschlag trägt, gegen den ein am Hebel verstellbar gelagertes Stellglied anschlägt und dadurch ein Absinken des zu reponierenden Wirbelkörpers verhindert. Eine einmal erreichte Repositionsstellung kann auf diese Weise fixiert werden, beispielsweise um eine genaue Kontrolle der erreichten Wirbelposition zu ermöglichen.It can further be provided that the extension on which the lever is mounted bears a fixed stop against which an actuator mounted on the lever stops and thereby prevents the vertebral body to be reduced from falling. Once a reduction position has been reached, it can be fixed in this way, for example in order to enable precise control of the vertebral position reached.

Das Stellglied ist vorzugsweise eine in ein Innengewinde des Hebels eingeschraubte, aus dem Innengewinde hervorstehende Stellschraube.The actuator is preferably an adjusting screw screwed into an internal thread of the lever and protruding from the internal thread.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die Verlängerungen lösbar mit den Knochenschrauben verbunden sind. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Verlängerungen, die am Ende der Operation abgeknipst werden, lassen sich die Verlängerungen einfach abnehmen. Sie können auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wieder aufgesetzt werden, so daß die Reposition unter Umständen auch in Etappen vorgenommen werden kann. Scharfe Stellen, die durch das Abzwicken der Verlängerungen bei herkömmlichen Verlängerungen entstehen und unter Umständen zu Verletzungen führen könnten, sind dadurch mit Sicherheit vermieden.In a particularly preferred embodiment it is provided that the extensions are detachably connected to the bone screws. In contrast to conventional extensions, which are snapped off at the end of the operation, the extensions can be easily removed. They can also be replaced at a later time so that the reduction can also be carried out in stages. Sharp spots caused by pinching off the extensions in conventional Extensions and possible injuries are avoided.

Insbesondere können die Verlängerungen Hülsen aufweisen, an denen der Hebel beziehungsweise der Anschlag gelagert ist. Diese Hülsen sind durch die Hülsen durchsetzende, in die Knochenschrauben einschraubbare Fixierschrauben an den Knochenschrauben gehalten.In particular, the extensions can have sleeves on which the lever or the stop is mounted. These sleeves are held on the bone screws by fixing screws which pass through the sleeves and can be screwed into the bone screws.

Die Verlängerungen können zusätzlich an ihren freien Enden Rücksprünge zur Aufnahme eines Distraktionsinstrumentes tragen, mit dessen Hilfe vor der eigentlichen Reposition eine Distraktion der Wirbelsäule erfolgt, um dem zu reponierenden Wirbelkörper überhaupt den Platz zu schaffen, der für eine Reposition benötigt wird.The extensions can also have recesses at their free ends for receiving a distraction instrument, which is used to distract the spine before the actual repositioning, in order to create the space required for a repositioning for the vertebral body to be repositioned.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen der Erfindung dient im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung der näheren Erläuterung. Es zeigen:

Figur 1 :
ein in die Wirbelsäule eingeschraubter Fixateur interne mit Repositionsinstrument vor der Reposition des Wirbelkörpers;
Figur 2 :
eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 1 nach der Reposition des Wirbelkörpers und
Figur 3 :
eine perspektivische Ansicht der die Repositionsvorrichtung bildenden Teile vor dem Zusammenbau.
The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention serves in conjunction with the drawing for a more detailed explanation. Show it:
Figure 1:
an internal fixator screwed into the spine with a reduction instrument before the reduction of the vertebral body;
Figure 2:
a view similar to Figure 1 after the reduction of the vertebral body and
Figure 3:
a perspective view of the parts forming the reduction device before assembly.

Das in der Zeichnung dargestellte chirurgische Instrument umfaßt einen Fixateur interne mit einer aufgesetzten Repositionseinrichtung, die abnehmbar ausgestaltet ist. Zur Reposition eines Wirbelkörpers, der sich seitlich gegenüber der Längsachse der Wirbelsäule verschoben hat, werden zwei derartige Instrumente benötigt, die zu beiden Seiten der Wirbelsäulen-Längsebene symmetrisch zueinander angeordnet werden. Diese Instrumente können vollständig gleich oder aber genau spiegelbildlich ausgebildet werden, so daß in der folgenden Beschreibung nur eines dieser Instrumente erörtert wird.The surgical instrument shown in the drawing comprises an internal fixator with an attached reduction device which is designed to be removable. For the reduction of a vertebral body that has shifted laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the spine, two such instruments are required, which are arranged symmetrically to each other on both sides of the longitudinal spine plane. These instruments can be made completely identical or exactly mirror images, so that only one of these instruments is discussed in the following description.

Jedes dieser Instrumente umfaßt zwei im wesentlichen gleich ausgebildete Knochenschrauben 1, 2 mit einem Einschraubgewinde 3 beziehungsweise 4 und mit einem sich daran anschließenden glatten Schaft 5 beziehungsweise 6, der jeweils von einem flanschartig überstehenden Bund 7, 8 begrenzt wird.Each of these instruments comprises two essentially identical bone screws 1, 2 with a screw-in thread 3 or 4 and with an adjoining smooth shaft 5 or 6, each of which is delimited by a flange 7, 8 projecting like a flange.

Auf den Schaft 5, 6 jeder Knochenschraube 1 beziehungsweise 2 ist je ein Klemmstück 9 beziehungsweise 10 aufgeschoben. Die beiden Klemmstücke 9 und 10 werden von einer als Gewindestab ausgebildeten Querstrebe 11 durchdrungen, die im wesentlichen quer zur Längsrichtung der Knochenschrauben 1 und 2 verläuft.A clamping piece 9 or 10 is pushed onto the shaft 5, 6 of each bone screw 1 or 2. The two clamping pieces 9 and 10 are penetrated by a cross strut 11 designed as a threaded rod, which runs essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the bone screws 1 and 2.

Die Querstrebe 11 ist in den Klemmstücken 9, 10 eingeschraubt und dadurch in axialer Richtung festgelegt. Beide Klemmstücke 9 und 10 weisen Klemmschrauben 12 und 13 auf, die in gelöstem Zustand eine Verschwenkung der Querstrebe 11 gegenüber den Knochenschrauben 1, 2 ermöglicht, und zwar um eine Achse, die senkrecht auf der durch die Querstrebe und die Knochenschrauben aufgespannten Ebene liegt. Durch Festspannen der Klemmschrauben 12 und 13 können die Klemmstücke 9 und 10 so festgelegt werden, daß diese Verschwenkung der Querstrebe 11 gegenüber den Knochenschrauben 1 und 2 unterbunden wird.The cross strut 11 is screwed into the clamping pieces 9, 10 and is thereby fixed in the axial direction. Both clamping pieces 9 and 10 have clamping screws 12 and 13 which, in the released state, allow the cross strut 11 to be pivoted relative to the bone screws 1, 2, namely about an axis which is perpendicular to that through the cross strut and the bone screws is on the spanned plane. By tightening the clamping screws 12 and 13, the clamping pieces 9 and 10 can be fixed so that this pivoting of the cross strut 11 relative to the bone screws 1 and 2 is prevented.

Beide Knochenschrauben 1, 2 weisen an ihrem dem Einschraubgewinde 3 beziehungsweise 4 abgewandten Ende eine Innengewindebohrung 14 beziehungsweise 15 auf, in die je eine Verlängerung 16 beziehungsweise 17 eingeschraubt ist. Beide Verlängerungen weisen eine längliche Hülse 18 beziehungsweise 19 auf, durch die eine Fixierschraube 20, 21 hindurchgreift, die in die Innengewindebohrungen 14 beziehungsweise 15 der Knochenschrauben 1 beziehungsweise 2 eingeschraubt sind. Die Hülsen 18, 19 tragen in ihrem oberen Endbereich Riffelungen 22 beziehungsweise 23, ebenso sind an den oberen Enden der Fixierschrauben 20, 21 in dem aus den Hülsen 18 beziehungsweise 19 hervorstehenden Bereichen Riffelungen 24 beziehungsweise 25 angeordnet.Both bone screws 1, 2 have an internal threaded bore 14 or 15 at their end facing away from the screw-in thread 3 or 4, into each of which an extension 16 or 17 is screwed. Both extensions have an elongated sleeve 18 and 19, respectively, through which a fixing screw 20, 21 extends, which are screwed into the internally threaded bores 14 and 15 of the bone screws 1 and 2, respectively. The sleeves 18, 19 have corrugations 22 and 23 in their upper end region, and corrugations 24 and 25 are also arranged at the upper ends of the fixing screws 20, 21 in the regions protruding from the sleeves 18 and 19.

An den freien Enden der Fixierschrauben 20 und 21 tragen diese einen stiftförmigen Fortsatz 26 beziehungsweise 27 mit zwei parallelen Bünden 28, 29 beziehungsweise 30, 31. Die zwischen diesen Bünden ausgebildeten Nuten oder Rücksprünge 32, 33 beziehungsweise 34 und 35 dienen einem in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten, an sich bekannten Distraktionsinstrument als Angriffsfläche. Ein solches Distraktionsinstrument kann beispielsweise in die Nuten einlegbare Haken tragen, die an den Branchen des zangenartig ausgebildeten Instrumentes gehalten sind.At the free ends of the fixing screws 20 and 21 they carry a pin-shaped extension 26 or 27 with two parallel frets 28, 29 or 30, 31. The grooves or recesses 32, 33 or 34 and 35 formed between these frets do not serve one in the drawing shown, known distraction instrument as a target. Such a distraction instrument can, for example, carry hooks which can be inserted into the grooves and which are held on the branches of the forceps-like instrument.

Soweit die Teile des Fixateur interne bisher beschrieben worden sind, sind diese vollständig symmetrisch ausgebildet, das heißt die Knochenschrauben, die in die eingesetzten Verlängerungen und die auf den Knochenschrauben gehaltenen Klemmstücke sind in beiden Fällen gleich ausgebildet; diese gleich ausgebildeten Baueinheiten werden durch die Querstrebe miteinander verbunden.As far as the parts of the internal fixator have been described so far, they are completely symmetrical, that is, the bone screws, the extensions used and the clamping pieces held on the bone screws are of identical design in both cases; these identical units are connected to each other by the cross strut.

Im folgenden ergeben sich jedoch Unterschiede der weiteren Ausgestaltung dieser Baueinheiten.In the following, however, there are differences in the further configuration of these structural units.

An einer Hülse 18 ist an deren unterem Rand ein senkrecht abstehender Lagerbolzen 36 angeordnet, auf dem ein zweiarmiger Hebel 37 verschwenkbar gelagert ist. Zur Festlegung auf dem Lagerbolzen 26 wird eine eine Lagerbohrung 38 am Hebel 37 durchsetzende Schraube 39 verwendet (Figur 3).A vertically protruding bearing pin 36 is arranged on a sleeve 18 on its lower edge, on which a two-armed lever 37 is pivotably mounted. A screw 39 penetrating a bearing bore 38 on the lever 37 is used to fix it on the bearing pin 26 (FIG. 3).

Ein Arm 40 des Hebels 37 ist als Gewindestange ausgebildet, auf welche eine Rändelmutter 41 aufgeschraubt ist. Der Arm 40 taucht weiterhin in eine Lagerhülse 42 ein, in der der Arm 40 in Längsrichtung frei verschieblich ist. Die Lagerhülse 42 weist eine Lagerbohrung 43 auf, diese wiederum ist auf einem Lagerbolzen 44 verdrehbar gelagert, der parallel zum Lagerbolzen 36 angeordnet ist, jedoch an der Hülse 19 der anderen Verlängerung. Festgelegt ist die Lagerhülse 42 durch eine in den Lagerbolzen 44 eingedrehte Schraube 45.An arm 40 of the lever 37 is designed as a threaded rod onto which a knurled nut 41 is screwed. The arm 40 is also immersed in a bearing sleeve 42 in which the arm 40 is freely displaceable in the longitudinal direction. The bearing sleeve 42 has a bearing bore 43, which in turn is rotatably mounted on a bearing pin 44 which is arranged parallel to the bearing pin 36, but on the sleeve 19 of the other extension. The bearing sleeve 42 is fixed by a screw 45 screwed into the bearing bolt 44.

Der andere Arm 46 des Hebels 37 schließt mit dem Arm 40 einen Winkel von etwa 135° ein, er ist seinerseits abgewinkelt, so daß das freie Ende des Armes 46 etwa in Richtung der Knochenschrauben und der Verlängerungen weist (Figur 1).The other arm 46 of the lever 37 forms an angle of approximately 135 ° with the arm 40, it is in turn angled so that the free end of the arm 46 points approximately in the direction of the bone screws and the extensions (FIG. 1).

In ein Innengewinde 47 des Hebels 37, das im wesentlichen parallel zum Arm 46 verläuft, ist eine Stellschraube 48 eingedreht, die mit ihrem freien Ende an einen festen Anschlag 49 der Hülse 18 anlegbar ist. Wenn die Stellschraube 48 am Anschlag 49 anliegt, ist eine Verschwenkbewegung des Hebels 37 in einer Richtung blockiert, im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figuren 1 und 2 in Uhrzeigerrichtung.In an internal thread 47 of the lever 37, which extends substantially parallel to the arm 46, a set screw 48 is screwed, which can be applied with its free end to a fixed stop 49 of the sleeve 18. When the adjusting screw 48 abuts the stop 49, a pivoting movement of the lever 37 is blocked in one direction, in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a clockwise direction.

Bei der Verwendung des beschriebenen Instrumentes werden zunächst die beiden Knochenschrauben 1 und 2 eingesetzt, und zwar eine Knochenschraube in den zu reponierenden Wirbelkörper 50, die andere Knochenschraube in einen benachbarten Knochen, beispielsweise einen benachbarten Wirbelkörper oder in den Hüftknochen. Das Einschrauben erfolgt dabei seitlich gegenüber der Längsmittelebene der Wirbelsäule versetzt, zu beiden Seiten dieser Längsmittelebene werden gleich ausgebildete Instrumente eingesetzt.When using the instrument described, the two bone screws 1 and 2 are first inserted, namely one bone screw into the vertebral body 50 to be reduced, the other bone screw into an adjacent bone, for example an adjacent vertebral body or in the hip bone. The screwing in takes place laterally offset with respect to the longitudinal center plane of the spine, instruments of the same design are used on both sides of this longitudinal center plane.

Nach dem Einschrauben der Knochenschrauben 1 und 2 werden die Klemmstücke 9 und 10 mit der Querstrebe 11 auf die Schäfte 5 und 6 der Knochenschrauben 1 beziehungsweise 2 aufgesetzt. Die Klemmstücke 9 und 10 bleiben gelockert, das heißt die Querstrebe ist gegenüber den Knochenschrauben 1 und 2 verschwenkbar, jedoch wird der Abstand der beiden Klemmstücke 9 und 10 durch die Querstrebe 11 festgelegt.After screwing in the bone screws 1 and 2, the clamping pieces 9 and 10 with the cross strut 11 are placed on the shanks 5 and 6 of the bone screws 1 and 2, respectively. The clamping pieces 9 and 10 remain loosened, that is, the cross strut can be pivoted relative to the bone screws 1 and 2, but the distance between the two clamping pieces 9 and 10 is determined by the cross strut 11.

Mittels der Fixierschrauben 20 und 21 werden anschließend die Hülsen 18 beziehungsweise 19 auf die Knochenschrauben 1 beziehungsweise 2 aufgesetzt und dort fixiert. An den beiden Hülsen 18 und 19 greift in der beschriebenen Weise der zweiarmige Hebel 37 an. Diese Ausgangslage der Operation ist in Figur 1 dargestellt. Die Stellschraube 48 ist dabei vom Anschlag 49 entfernt, die Rändelmutter 41 steht im Abstand zur Lagerhülse 42.Using the fixing screws 20 and 21, the sleeves 18 and 19 are then placed on the bone screws 1 and 2 and fixed there. The two sleeves 18 and 19 engage in the manner described the two-armed lever 37. This starting position of the operation is shown in Figure 1. The set screw 48 is removed from the stop 49, the knurled nut 41 is at a distance from the bearing sleeve 42.

In einem ersten Arbeitsschritt wird die Wirbelsäule durch Distraktion gedehnt. Dazu wird an den stiftförmigen Fortsätzen 26 und 27 der beiden Hülsen 18 beziehungsweise 19 angegriffen und die Enden dieser Hülsen 18 und 19 werden mittels eines geeigneten Distraktionsinstrumentes einander angenähert. Aufgrund des durch die Querstrebe 11 festgelegten Abstandes der aus Knochenschraube und Verlängerung bestehenden Baueinheiten führt dies einerseits zu einem Aufspreizen der Wirbelsäule und andererseits zu einer leichten Kippung des zu reponierenden Wirbelkörpers 50. Da die Klemmstücke 9 und 10 nicht festgelegt sind, lassen sich die beiden Baueinheiten in geringem Umfange gegeneinander verschwenken. Der Hebel 37 behindert diese Distraktion in keiner Weise, bei der Distraktion gleitet der Arm 40 in der Lagerhülse 42, die ihre Winkellage gegenüber der Hülse 19 frei einstellen kann.In a first step, the spine is stretched by distraction. For this purpose, the pin-shaped extensions 26 and 27 of the two sleeves 18 and 19 are attacked and the ends of these sleeves 18 and 19 are brought closer to one another by means of a suitable distraction instrument. Because of the spacing of the structural units consisting of the bone screw and extension, which is defined by the cross strut 11, this leads on the one hand to a spreading of the spine and on the other hand to a slight tilting of the vertebral body 50 to be reduced. Since the clamping pieces 9 and 10 are not fixed, the two structural units can be swivel against each other to a small extent. The lever 37 does not hinder this distraction in any way; during the distraction, the arm 40 slides in the bearing sleeve 42, which can freely adjust its angular position relative to the sleeve 19.

Nach der Distraktion erfolgt die eigentliche Reposition des Wirbelkörpers 50 durch eine Verschwenkung des zweiarmigen Hebels 37 in der Weise, daß der Arm 40 eine nach oben gerichtete Zugkraft auf die Hülse 19 und damit die Knochenschraube 2 ausübt. Dies läßt sich einfach durch Verschwenken des Hebels im Gegenuhrzeigersinn (Figuren 1 und 2) erreichen, wobei die Lagerkräfte für den Hebel 37 unmittelbar über die Hülse 18 und die Knochenschraube 1 in den als Widerlager wirkenden Knochen eingeleitet werden.After the distraction, the vertebral body 50 is actually repositioned by pivoting the two-armed lever 37 in such a way that the arm 40 exerts an upward tensile force on the sleeve 19 and thus the bone screw 2. This can be achieved simply by pivoting the lever counterclockwise (FIGS. 1 and 2), the bearing forces for the lever 37 being introduced directly into the bone acting as an abutment via the sleeve 18 and the bone screw 1.

Sobald die gewünschte Wirbellage erreicht ist, kann diese durch Anlegen der Stellschraube 48 am Anschlag 49 und durch Anlegen der Rändelmutter 41 an der Lagerhülse 42 momentan fixiert werden. Anschließend werden die Klemmschrauben 12 und 13 gespannt, so daß die beiden Knochenschrauben 1 und 2 und die Querstrebe 11 einen nunmehr starren Fixateur für den zu reponierenden Wirbelkörper 50 bilden. Danach können die Verlängerungen 16 und 17 durch Lösen der Fixierschrauben 20 und 21 von den Knochenschrauben 1 und 2 abgenommen werden, so daß im Körper lediglich der aus den Knochenschrauben 1 und 2 und der Querstrebe 11 gebildete Fixateur interne verbleibt.As soon as the desired swirl position has been reached, it can be momentarily fixed by applying the set screw 48 to the stop 49 and applying the knurled nut 41 to the bearing sleeve 42. The clamping screws 12 and 13 are then tightened so that the two bone screws 1 and 2 and the cross strut 11 form a now rigid fixator for the vertebral body 50 to be reduced. Then the extensions 16 and 17 can be removed by loosening the fixing screws 20 and 21 from the bone screws 1 and 2, so that only the internal fixator formed from the bone screws 1 and 2 and the cross strut 11 remains in the body.

Claims (10)

  1. An internal fixator for setting a lumbar spondylolisthesis having two bone screws (1, 2) screwable into the vertebral body to be set or an adjacent bone, respectively, and flexibly connected in their regions protruding from the bones by means of a cross-strut (11), having extensions (16, 17) holding the bone screws (1, 2) and running in the longitudinal direction thereof, and having a clamping device which acts on one of the two bone screws (1, 2) with a pulling force, wherein the clamping device has a pivoting lever (37) rotatably mounted on the extension (16) of one bone screw (1) and extending substantially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the extension (16), and resting on a stop (42) of the other extension (17) associated with the vertebral body (50) to be set, characterised in that the articulations (9, 10) between the bone screws (1, 2) and the cross-strut (11) are lockable.
  2. A fixator according to Claim 1, characterised in that the stop (42) on the extension (17) of the vertebral body (50) to be set is pivotable about an axis which extends parallel to the axis of rotation of the lever (37).
  3. A fixator according to Claim 2, characterised in that the stop (42) surrounds the lever (37) and is freely displaceable in relation to the lever (37) in the longitudinal direction thereof.
  4. A fixator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lever (37) has in the region between the two extensions (16, 17) an external thread, and a stop nut (41) is screwed thereon.
  5. A fixator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lever (37) is two-armed, wherein one arm (40) leads to the stop (42) on the extension (17) of the vertebral body (50) to be set, while the other arm (46) is shaped like a handle.
  6. A fixator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the extension (16) on which the lever (37) is mounted has a stationary stop (49) against which an adjusting member (48), mounted on the lever so as to be adjustable, abuts and consequently prevents sinking of the vertebral body (50) to be set.
  7. A fixator according to Claim 6, characterised in that the adjusting member (48) is an adjusting screw screwed into an internal thread (47) of the lever and protruding from the said internal thread (47).
  8. A fixator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the extensions (16, 17) are detachably connected to the bone screws (1 and 2 respectively).
  9. A fixator according to Claim 8, characterised in that the extensions (16, 17) have sleeves (18 and 19 respectively) on which the lever (37) and the stop (42) respectively are mounted, and the sleeves (18, 19) are held on the bone screws (1 and 2 respectively) by fixing screws (20 and 21 respectively) penetrating the sleeves (18, 19) and screwable in the bone screws (1 and 2 respectively).
  10. A fixator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the free ends of the extensions (16, 17) have recesses (32, 33 and 34, 35 respectively) to receive a traction instrument.
EP19920112132 1991-08-17 1992-07-16 Internal fixator for the correction of a lumbar spondyldisthesis Expired - Lifetime EP0528177B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914127303 DE4127303A1 (en) 1991-08-17 1991-08-17 FIXATEUR INTERNAL FOR REPOSITION OF A LUMBAL SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
DE4127303 1991-08-17

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EP0528177A3 EP0528177A3 (en) 1993-05-05
EP0528177B1 true EP0528177B1 (en) 1996-09-11

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DE102012101780B4 (en) * 2012-03-02 2020-09-24 Aesculap Ag Spondylolisthesis - reduction instruments
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4127303A1 (en) 1993-02-18
EP0528177A3 (en) 1993-05-05
EP0528177A2 (en) 1993-02-24
DE4127303C2 (en) 1993-09-16

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