EP0531438A1 - Solar lamp. - Google Patents
Solar lamp.Info
- Publication number
- EP0531438A1 EP0531438A1 EP91911479A EP91911479A EP0531438A1 EP 0531438 A1 EP0531438 A1 EP 0531438A1 EP 91911479 A EP91911479 A EP 91911479A EP 91911479 A EP91911479 A EP 91911479A EP 0531438 A1 EP0531438 A1 EP 0531438A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- circuit
- resistor
- output
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
Definitions
- the invention relates more particularly to a solar lamp drive ci cuit for using in controll ng a lamp driven by solar cells.
- Such lamps are used for all forms of lighting applications especially exterior light around dwelling places.
- the lamps are arranged to be driven by re-chargeable batteries provided with solar panels so that they rely mainly or solely on receiving charging current generated by the solar cells during day light hours.
- a fluorescent tube or lamp is used and driven via an electronic ballast.
- Battery energy is used to provide a high frequency high voltage power source which is applied between the terminals of the lamp.
- the ballast consists of a multi-phase transformer with a free-running oscillator.
- a solar lamp drive circuit for connection between a battery power supply and terminals of a fluorescent lamp including an oscillator and a step-up transformer arranged to supply high frequency power across the terminals, a switch connected to control power supply to one of the filaments of the lamp, and a timer for controlling the switch, the circuit being arranged to delay the application of power from the transformer to turn on the lamp at start up to allow the filament of the lamp to warm up.
- the timer may be arranged to control the switch to remain closed until the lamp has been turned on for at least a few seconds.
- the circuit may include a sampling circuit for monitoring the operating condition of the lamp arranged control the switch to turn on if the lamp operating condition deteriorates to a predetermined condition.
- the oscillator output may be arranged to be reduced from a high starting level to a predetermined working level once the lamp has been ON for a few seconds.
- the circuit may include a manually adjustable current regulator for altering the brightness of the lamp in use.
- the sampling circuit may be arranged to increase the oscillator output if the lamp operating condition deteriorates to the predetermined condition.
- block A is a battery condition detecting circuit which is arranged to control application of power to a lamp in a manner to prevent using the battery if its charge is too low.
- Block B is a circuit which monitors the outside light conditions to influence the application of power accordingly.
- Block C is the main part of the lamp drive circuit and block D is basically a charging circuit but shows the battery and as well as a sol ar panel .
- block A includes a voltage comparator UlB with a resistor R20 connected to its output to hold up its output voltage.
- a latch is formed by gates U3C and U3D. The output of the latch at U3C is set to high by an output from block B (see below).
- a battery voltage sampling network consists of resistors R21 and R22 , diode Dll and capacitor Cll . The input threshhold of the sampling network is reduced after turn on by a feedback resistor R24.
- a master reference network consists of resistor R23 and a light emitting diode LED1 (which has a negative temperature coefficient). A diode Dll compensates for thermal drift of LED! and a capacitor Cll acts to decouple noise.
- the output of the comparator UlB goes low and sets the latch output to low.
- the output of NAND-gate U3A goes high which, as seen below, causes the lamp to turn off.
- the resistor 24 acts to increase the sensitivity of the battery sampling network.
- a hold circuit consists of diodes D4 and D7 , a resistor R34 and a capacitor C3.
- VJhen diode D4 is forward biassed and supplied from the block C (see below), the capacitor C3 fully charges almost instantaneousl .
- Diode D7 will become forward biassed in turn and applies a voltage to raise an input of the comparator UlB. As a result the output of the comparator UlB is held high. In other words, the comparator UlB is disabled. It will remain disabled until the supply from block C is removed. Capacitor C3 then discharges through the resistor 34 until the diode D7 is cut off and the comparator UlB is then again released to work normally.
- the hold circuit is designed to disenable the comparator UlB before the lamp becomes stable and for approximately 0.5 seconds thereafter.
- the circuit is arranged to monitor the light intensity of the environment and cause the lamp to turn off when that intensity is above a certain level.
- a voltage comparator UlB with an hysteresis loop of a resistor R30 has its input connected between resistors R25 and R28. These resistors divide the output of diode LED1 to provide a smaller reference voltage for the comparator U1A.
- the voltage across a solar cell (see block D) is proportional to light intensity and this voltage is applied across a resistor R29 via a diode D9.
- the diode D9 will always be forward biassed unless it is e ry dark. If the voltage across the resistor R29 is higher than the reference voltage at the comparator U1A its output goes low. Capacitor C8 then discharges gradually through a resistor R19 until the latch circuit resets. As a result the output of NAND-gate U3A goes high and causes the lamp to be turned OFF.
- the time delay provided by the resistor Rl 9 and capacitor C8 prevents the circuit responding to transient light changes as may be due to car headlights or torches in the vicinity of the lamp. It will also be noted that the circuit responds to the voltage across the solar cell and does not require or use a separate light intensity metering device or similar.
- gate U3B receives start signals, from block A, to switch on the lamp.
- a start delay circuit consists of a resistor R9, a capacitor C4 and a diode D2. Typically a 10 second start delay is provided by the delay circuit. However, the lamp can be turned off instantly by including the diode D2.
- a retriggerabl e timer consists of a resistor Rl 6 and a capacitor C5.
- the output of an invertor U2B goes low and the output of an invertor U2D turns on a transistor Q2.
- capacitor C3 begins to charge up via diode D4 (see block 4) and capacitor C5 charges up via resistor R16.
- a sampling network consisting of resistors R4 and R5 monitors the back e. .f. induced in the lamp.
- a low back e.m.f. indicates the lamp is stably at secondary breakdown region.
- a high back e.m.f. indicates the lamp is operating unstably.
- An invertor U2E is connected to the junction between the resistors R4 and R5. If the voltage at the junction rises above a predetermined threshhold, corresponding to non-stable lamp operationthat is, corresponding to an operating condition of the lamp deteriorating to a predetermined condition, the output of invertor U2E goes low and so the retri ggerabl e timer and the transistor Q2 are turned ON immediately. Thus, a restart condition is repeated, increasing power to the lamp and applying a current to the one of the lamp filaments.
- the sampling network thus automatically attempts to maintain the lamp in a stable working secondary breakdown condition; if the lamp is allowed to work under unstable conditions it will considerably shorten the life of the lamp.
- the lamp is supplied with its main power by a close loop oscillator consisting basically of amplifiers U1D and U1C and invertor U2F, a mosfet Ql and a resistor R18.
- the oscillator converts the battery d.c. supply to a high energy high frequency current through a step-up pulse transformer Tl .
- Oscillations can be stopped by supply through an inventor U2A and a biassing network consisting of resistors Rl , RIO and R6 and a capacitor C2.
- the duty cycles are determined by the d.c. input level of amplifier UlD supplied via a network consisting of resistors R31 , R32, R7 and R8 and a capacitor C6.
- the time constant of the oscillator is determined by a filter consisting of a resistor Rl 7 and a capacitor CIO.
- a high d.c. input level or a greater capacitance for capacitor CIO results in a longer ON cycle, or vice versa.
- the OFF duty cycle is determined by the time taken for a capacitor Cl to charge from V $ ⁇ to 1/3 QO in the network including resistors R2 and R3.
- a manual switch for altering the intensity of the lamp is provided across a resistor R31.
- the switch When the switch is closed, the d.c. input level of the amplifier U1D is increased.
- diode D3 is forward biassed as a result of the output of invertor U2C being high, as explained this condition applies during start up and when unstable operating conditions are detected, this results in an increase of three time normal .
- the switch When the switch is positioned to short out the resistor R31 an increase of about 20% is provided.
- the voltage across the resistor Rl 8 is proportional to the mosfet source current which is transferred to the lamp by the transformer Tl . This is passed to a low pass filter formed by a resistor Rl 7 and a capacitor CIO to decouple the high frequency component in the switching current. The output of the low pass filter provides an input to the amplifier UlD to maintain the ON cycles.
- the start of operation of the oscillator is as fol 1 ows : -
- the output of invertor U2A goes low.
- the voltage across the resistor Rl 8 is initially zero which is feed to the amplifier U1D.
- the output of amplifier UlD is then at 1/2 Vrjo the voltage across resistor Rl and R2 are equal and the output of amplifier U1C is low.
- the output of invertor U2F is high and so turns on the mosfet Ql .
- the current then applied to the resistor R18 is therefore increasing due to the inductance of the transformer Tl .
- a mosfet is used to ensure fast switching time for the current applied to the lamp.
- the supply to the invertor U2F is separated from the battery voltage by a diode D6.
- the diode D6 is forward biassed and the voltage applied to the invertor U2F is o.6 volts less than the voltage applied to the invertor U2C.
- capacitor C7 gradually charges up through a diode D5 and a resistor Rl 1 due to the back e.m.f. induced in the transformer Tl .
- the voltage applied to the invertor U2F will be approximately 2 volts higher than the voltage applied to the amplifier UIC.
- Higher VQQ level applied to the mosfet Ql tends to speed up the response time and hence improve the efficiency in working with the high frequency pulse transformer.
- any high frequency spikes which are generated as the lamp is operating, especially during early stages after start up, and occurring in the back e.m.f. are used to charge up the capacitor C7 to improve the working efficiency.
- a Schottkey diode D8 allows the solar cell BT2 to charge a battery BTl at minimum loss due to its forward volt drop characteristics.
- the diode D8 blocks any battery discharge towards the light detector intensity circuit of block B.
- An external charging circuit formed of resistors Rl 4 and R15, a diode D10 and a zener diode ZDl enable the solar lamp to be recharged from an external power adapter.
- Resistors R14 and Rl 5 limit the charging current and the zener diode ZDl protects the battery from over-charging.
- the diode 10 prevents the battery discharging via the external adapter.
- the described arrangement therefore provides at turn on, a delay to allow the lamp filament to warm up.
- a filament current may be applied again during operations well after turn on if the lamp operating condition deteriorates to prevent the lamp operating at too low a current or unstably for too long which would result in shortening the life of the lamp.
- the described circuit is more sophisticated than currently used comparable solar lamp drive circuits and therefore somewhat more costly, the use of the circuit not only leads to much longer lamp operating life but also a greater efficiency in power consumption.
- the lamp can be run at an optimum power rating where secondary breakdown is stably occurring, and because the lamp operating conditions are continually monitored automatically, and those conditions automatically adjusted when required, no continuous extra power is needed to take account of unforeseen variations.
- the lamp need not be over-powered simply to cope with the worst predictable operating conditions.
- a cruder or simpler drive circuit is usually adjusted to avoid under supply in all environments, at the invariable cost of always supplying more power than is actually required and using up the battery charge more quickly than necessary.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9012019A GB2245436A (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | Solar-powered fluorescent lamp-drive circuit |
GB9012019 | 1990-05-30 | ||
PCT/GB1991/000866 WO1991019412A1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1991-05-30 | Solar lamp |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0531438A1 true EP0531438A1 (en) | 1993-03-17 |
EP0531438B1 EP0531438B1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
Family
ID=10676753
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91911479A Expired - Lifetime EP0531438B1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1991-05-30 | Solar lamp |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0531438B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JPH05506539A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE128595T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7952491A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69113461T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2245436A (en) |
HK (1) | HK1007232A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991019412A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8568140B2 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2013-10-29 | Jozef Kovac | Apparatus and method for curing materials with radiation |
US9072572B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2015-07-07 | Kerr Corporation | Dental light device |
US9730778B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2017-08-15 | Kerr Corporation | Curing light device |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5155668A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-10-13 | Siemens Solar Industries L.P. | Solar powered lamp utilizing cold cathode fluorescent illumination and method of facilitating same |
GB9215808D0 (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1992-09-09 | Jsb Electrical Limited | An improved lamp fitting |
US5621303A (en) * | 1995-06-01 | 1997-04-15 | Solar Wide Industrial Ltd. | Drive circuit for a lamp |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB937577A (en) * | 1961-07-24 | 1963-09-25 | Ass Elect Ind | Improvements relating to electric discharge lamp circuits |
NL7801241A (en) * | 1978-02-03 | 1979-08-07 | Philips Nv | ELECTRICAL DEVICE FOR IGNITION AND POWER SUPPLY OF A METAL VAPOR DISCHARGE LAMP PROVIDED WITH A PREHEATABLE ELECTRODE. |
IT1121148B (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1986-03-26 | Siliani Pier | IGNITION CIRCUIT FOR FLUORESCENT AND SIMILAR PIPES WITH PRELIMINARY HEATING OF THE FILAMENTS |
DE3101568C2 (en) * | 1981-01-20 | 1986-01-09 | Wollank, Gerhard, Prof. Dipl.-Phys., 5040 Brühl | Circuit arrangement for operating low-pressure discharge lamps with adjustable luminous flux |
JPS5973890A (en) * | 1982-10-20 | 1984-04-26 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Solar generating illuminator |
NL8302498A (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1985-02-01 | Philips Nv | Apparatus provided with a DC-AC-CONVERTER for igniting and feeding a gas and / or vapor discharge lamp. |
JPH06101391B2 (en) * | 1984-03-06 | 1994-12-12 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Discharge lamp lighting device |
FR2561483A1 (en) * | 1984-03-16 | 1985-09-20 | Saclier Pierre | Solar power lighting device. |
JPS61256595A (en) * | 1985-05-09 | 1986-11-14 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Hot cathode discharge lamp driving circuit |
JPS6212097A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Fluorescent lamp lighting apparatus |
US4717863A (en) * | 1986-02-18 | 1988-01-05 | Zeiler Kenneth T | Frequency modulation ballast circuit |
US4949015A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1990-08-14 | Nilssen Ole K | Bridge inverter ballast for fluorescent lamp |
NL8800015A (en) * | 1988-01-06 | 1989-08-01 | Philips Nv | ELECTRICAL DEVICE FOR IGNITION AND POWERING A GAS DISCHARGE LAMP. |
DE4005776C2 (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1999-08-05 | Zenit Energietechnik Gmbh | Circuit arrangement for starting and operating a gas discharge lamp |
DE58904984D1 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1993-08-26 | Siemens Ag | ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR FLUORESCENT LAMPS. |
-
1990
- 1990-05-30 GB GB9012019A patent/GB2245436A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-05-30 DE DE69113461T patent/DE69113461T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-30 AU AU79524/91A patent/AU7952491A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-30 AT AT91911479T patent/ATE128595T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-30 WO PCT/GB1991/000866 patent/WO1991019412A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-05-30 EP EP91911479A patent/EP0531438B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-30 JP JP91510088A patent/JPH05506539A/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-06-24 HK HK98106303A patent/HK1007232A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-07 JP JP1998006923U patent/JP2600712Y2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9119412A1 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8568140B2 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2013-10-29 | Jozef Kovac | Apparatus and method for curing materials with radiation |
US9572643B2 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2017-02-21 | Kerr Corporation | Apparatus and method for curing materials with radiation |
US9622839B2 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2017-04-18 | Kerr Corporation | Apparatus and method for curing materials with radiation |
US9072572B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2015-07-07 | Kerr Corporation | Dental light device |
US9693846B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2017-07-04 | Kerr Corporation | Dental light device |
US9730778B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2017-08-15 | Kerr Corporation | Curing light device |
US9987110B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2018-06-05 | Kerr Corporation | Dental light device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE128595T1 (en) | 1995-10-15 |
HK1007232A1 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
EP0531438B1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
JPH05506539A (en) | 1993-09-22 |
JP2600712Y2 (en) | 1999-10-25 |
JPH1153U (en) | 1999-03-30 |
WO1991019412A1 (en) | 1991-12-12 |
GB9012019D0 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
GB2245436A (en) | 1992-01-02 |
AU7952491A (en) | 1991-12-31 |
DE69113461T2 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
DE69113461D1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
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