EP0532468A1 - Electrical heating element - Google Patents

Electrical heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0532468A1
EP0532468A1 EP92810687A EP92810687A EP0532468A1 EP 0532468 A1 EP0532468 A1 EP 0532468A1 EP 92810687 A EP92810687 A EP 92810687A EP 92810687 A EP92810687 A EP 92810687A EP 0532468 A1 EP0532468 A1 EP 0532468A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
heating element
power supply
resistance wires
resistance
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Granted
Application number
EP92810687A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0532468B1 (en
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TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH
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TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
    • D04B1/12—Patterned fabrics or articles characterised by thread material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating element, in particular an areal electrical heating element, as can be used, for example, for seat heating in vehicles, in heating pads, heating blankets, heatable clothing, etc.
  • Such flexible and usually also flexible heating elements are already known. They generally consist of a flat sheath made of textile material or plastic, in which there is a mostly zigzag or meandering electrical heating wire, which can also be designed as a thin, flat band.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known flat heating elements and to create a novel, universally usable and easy to produce electric heating element and to specify methods for its production.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea of integrating the heat-emitting wires of an electrical resistance heating device into a flexible, stretchable and drapable knitted fabric.
  • the basic structure of the heating element according to the invention is such that at least two resistance wires are essentially parallel to one another and have electrical contact with at least two power supply wires, the resistance wires and the power supply wires of course not being allowed to have contact with each other.
  • the wires can be inserted as weft or warp threads or both in the manufacture of the knitted fabric.
  • the incorporation can also be considered as a replacement for the stitch yarn or as a follower of the stitch yarn. If the connection is perpendicular to the direction of knitting, ie of stitches lying one above the other, one wire can be worked in using inlay technique.
  • the wire can also be present as a slightly twisted component of a knitting yarn.
  • the construction of the knitted fabric of the heating element can be of any type, e.g. right-right, right-left, left-left, double stitches, etc. You can also work with a looped stitch to achieve reinforcement; this is particularly interesting for the power supply wires.
  • the known mesh techniques allow any shape of the heating surface to be achieved. Even power semiconductors arranged in a semi-circle are possible. By grading the spacing of the power supply wires and / or by changing the density of the resistance wires or selecting wires of different thicknesses, the most varied heating outputs are possible over the surface.
  • the necessary contact security between the power supply and resistance wires is given by the tight mesh binding of the textile fabric, as tests have shown. It is expedient to protect the heating element according to the invention against corrosion and moisture, at least at the crossing points, ie connecting points of the power supply and resistance wires, where there is also the risk of local elements being formed.
  • the wires can be provided with a corrosion-resistant but electrically conductive coating, for example made of a polymer which is made conductive with graphite, EC-soot or germanium, or from a self-conductive amide-imide polymer.
  • the finished heating element is preferably impregnated in a corrosion-resistant and moisture-resistant manner, at least in the area of the mentioned crossing points, for example with a dispersion of silicone resins or polytetrafluoroethylene, which is then dried. In some cases it is even better to use a silicone prepolymer, to dry the applied solution or dispersion and then to crosslink it thermally and / or catalytically.
  • a silicone prepolymer to dry the applied solution or dispersion and then to crosslink it thermally and / or catalytically.
  • Such protective substances are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the material of the wires can be chosen arbitrarily within the scope of the purpose to be achieved.
  • Possible current supply wires are copper, optionally silver-plated, and resistance wires are those of the known nickel-chromium alloys.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be a flat structure or else three-dimensional, e.g. as a preformed car seat cover. It is also suitable for the appropriate insert in clothing, e.g. Motorcyclist suits, and can be produced in the desired shape.
  • the heating conductors can consist of a resistance wire or other conductive materials and can also be coated or sheathed.
  • the heating conductors also do not have to run in a "wave-like" manner (see below, FIG. 1).
  • a connection of the heating wire to the contact conductor, ie power supply wire, is not absolutely necessary after each tour. Rather, the heating power can be achieved by incorporating resistance wires of different thicknesses through a variable spacing of the Wires and can be varied almost arbitrarily by individual connection with the contact conductor.
  • the e.g. Contact conductors that can be dimensioned in wire thickness or width and material do not necessarily have to run perpendicularly or horizontally to the knitting direction, but can be adapted to the predetermined ideal shape and accordingly run obliquely or in the form of a curve, as already mentioned above.
  • the heating element does not first have to be produced two-dimensionally and then deformed, but can be constructed as a multi-dimensional structure with, if appropriate, variable heating output. This means that the heating output remains exactly reproducible at certain points, since there is no need to change the area in terms of the room shape due to subsequent deformation.
  • the heating element according to the invention is produced in the desired shape, ie not in the meter. This eliminates the expensive further processing by cutting and sewing.
  • the heating power can be designed variably through the row density of the resistance wire, appropriate dimensioning of the wires, row width according to the contact conductor course and of course also the binding variant. It is therefore not necessary, as previously, to interrupt one or more resistance wires in order to achieve the desired heating output.
  • the invention provides in one embodiment that the heating element has two or more regions with heating wires which are connected on one side or not at all by means of power supply wires; this makes it possible to adapt the heating output to any special requests in the simplest way by connecting the power supply wires in series or in parallel.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be produced in the desired three-dimensional shape on the weaving machine and therefore does not have to be thermally deformed after production, it is possible to use any other fiber besides plastic fibers in the working yarns. All technical fibers including coated fibers can also be processed in combination.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be made corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant by plasma treatment and also by conventional treatment, possibly already of the fibers.
  • the heating elements according to the invention can be produced on textile machines, preferably on computer-controlled flat knitting machines.
  • a so-called "two and a half-dimensional" construction with pile thread or spacing structure can also be produced.
  • the knitted fabric 10 of the heating element is knitted from a yarn 12, which usually consists of a suitable synthetic fiber as a monofilament or staple fiber yarn, also as a microfiber yarn, e.g. Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, or high temperature resistant fibers like Nomex.
  • a suitable synthetic fiber as a monofilament or staple fiber yarn, also as a microfiber yarn, e.g. Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, or high temperature resistant fibers like Nomex.
  • the material of the yarn 12 must be selected so that it can withstand the desired temperature of the heating element.
  • Two warp threads 16 are shown as the right power supply wires.
  • the upper heating wires 18 are inserted weft threads, while the lower heating wires 20 are moving wires during knitting.
  • the power supply wires can also be incorporated using the set-up line. Through the subsequent knitted fabric with heating wires, the electricity is discharged again via the final set-up line. So you get a heating element with "horizontal” power supply and “vertical” resistance wires.
  • Fank and capes should be mentioned as an additional possibility of knitting technology, and as a further application possibility the construction of tool heaters, container heaters, pipe heaters etc.

Abstract

The electrical heating element is a mesh network and has power supply and resistance wires which are incorporated in the course of production. The heating element is expandable, flexible and pliant and can be used, for example, as a car seat heater or in items of clothing which can be heated. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Heizelement, insbesondere ein flächenhaftes elektrisches Heizelement, wie es beispielsweise für Sitzheizungen in Fahrzeugen, in Heizkissen, Heizdecken, heizbaren Kleidungsstücken usw. einsetzbar ist.The invention relates to an electrical heating element, in particular an areal electrical heating element, as can be used, for example, for seat heating in vehicles, in heating pads, heating blankets, heatable clothing, etc.

Derartige biegsame und meist auch schmiegsame Heizelemente sind bereits bekannt. Sie bestehen im allgemeinen aus einer flachen Hülle aus Textilmaterial oder Kunststoff, in der sich ein meist zickzack- oder mäanderförmig eingelegter elektrischer Heizdraht befindet, der auch als dünnes, flaches Band ausgestaltet sein kann.Such flexible and usually also flexible heating elements are already known. They generally consist of a flat sheath made of textile material or plastic, in which there is a mostly zigzag or meandering electrical heating wire, which can also be designed as a thin, flat band.

Diese bekannten Heizelemente haben, obschon sie biegsam sind, den Nachteil, dass sie sich an unebene oder gar geknickte Unterlagen schlecht anpassen. Sie sind nicht dehnbar. Legt man sie um den Knick der Unterlage, so besteht die Gefahr, dass der Heizdraht bricht. Sie sind meist zu dick für eine nicht auftragende Unterlage, z.B. in Autositzen, und sind relativ teuer in der Herstellung. Ausserdem kann die elektrische Heizleistung nicht von Fall zu Fall geändert werden.These known heating elements, although they are flexible, have the disadvantage that they adapt poorly to uneven or even bent documents. They are not stretchy. If you place it around the kink of the pad, there is a risk that the heating wire breaks. They are usually too thick for a non-bulky surface, e.g. in car seats, and are relatively expensive to manufacture. In addition, the electrical heating output cannot be changed from case to case.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Nachteile der bekanntem flächenhaften Heizelemente zu überwinden und ein neuartiges, universell verwendbares und einfach herzustellendes elektrisches Heizelement zu schaffen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung anzugeben.The object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known flat heating elements and to create a novel, universally usable and easy to produce electric heating element and to specify methods for its production.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das elektrische Heizelement gelöst, wie es im ersten unabhängigen Patentanspruch definiert ist, wobei besondere Ausgestaltungen Gegenstand abhängiger Ansprüche sind. Weiterhin ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des neuen Heizelements im zweiten unabhängigen Patentanspruch niedergelegt.This object is achieved by the electrical heating element as defined in the first independent patent claim, special configurations being the subject of dependent claims. Furthermore, a method for Manufacture of the new heating element laid down in the second independent claim.

Die Erfindung beruht also auf dem Gedanken, die wärmeabgebenden Drähte einer elektrischen Widerstands-Heizvorrichtung in eine biegsame und dehnbare sowie drapierbare Maschenware zu integrieren.The invention is therefore based on the idea of integrating the heat-emitting wires of an electrical resistance heating device into a flexible, stretchable and drapable knitted fabric.

Die Herstellung von Maschenwaren durch Stricken oder Wirken ist bekannt und wird hier nicht erneut beschrieben. Die Einarbeitung der Stromzufuhrdrähte und der Widerstandsdrähte kann insbesondere auf Flachstrickmaschinen auf die verschiedenste Art und Weise erfolgen; in der nun folgenden näheren Beschreibung von Beispielen und Ausführungsformen soll, wenn nichts anderes erforderlich ist, kein Unterschied zwischen Stromzuführungs- und Widerstandsdrähten gemacht werden.The manufacture of knitted fabrics by knitting or knitting is known and will not be described again here. The incorporation of the power supply wires and the resistance wires can be done in a variety of ways, in particular on flat knitting machines; in the following detailed description of examples and embodiments, unless otherwise required, no distinction should be made between power supply and resistance wires.

Die Grundstruktur des erfindungsgemässen Heizelementes ist derart, dass mindestens zwei Widerstandsdrähte im wesentlichen parallel zueinander liegen und mit mindestens zwei Stromzufuhrdrähten elektrischen Kontakt haben, wobei natürlich die Widerstandsdrähte und die Stromzufuhrdrähte unter sich keinen Kontakt haben dürfen.The basic structure of the heating element according to the invention is such that at least two resistance wires are essentially parallel to one another and have electrical contact with at least two power supply wires, the resistance wires and the power supply wires of course not being allowed to have contact with each other.

Die Drähte können bei der Herstellung der Maschenware als Schuss- oder Kettfäden oder beides eingelegt werden. Weiter kommt die Einarbeitung als Ersatz des Maschengarnes oder als Mitlauf des Maschengarnes in Betracht. Der eine Draht kann, wenn es sich um die Verbindung senkrecht zur Strickrichtung, d.h. von übereinanderliegenden Maschen handelt, in Intarsientechnik eingearbeitet werden. Auch kann der Draht als leicht verzwirnter Bestandteil eines Maschengarnes vorliegen.The wires can be inserted as weft or warp threads or both in the manufacture of the knitted fabric. The incorporation can also be considered as a replacement for the stitch yarn or as a follower of the stitch yarn. If the connection is perpendicular to the direction of knitting, ie of stitches lying one above the other, one wire can be worked in using inlay technique. The wire can also be present as a slightly twisted component of a knitting yarn.

Die Konstruktion der Maschenware des Heizelements kann ganz beliebig sein, z.B. rechts-rechts, rechts-links, links-links, Doppelmaschen usw. Auch kann mit umgehängten Maschen gearbeitet werden, um eine Verstärkung zu erzielen; dies ist insbesondere für die Stromzufuhrdrähte interessant.The construction of the knitted fabric of the heating element can be of any type, e.g. right-right, right-left, left-left, double stitches, etc. You can also work with a looped stitch to achieve reinforcement; this is particularly interesting for the power supply wires.

Die bekannten Maschentechniken gestatten es, eine beliebige Form der Heizfläche zu erzielen. Es sind selbst nahezu halbkreisförmig angeordnete Stromzufuhrdrähte möglich. Durch Abstufungen des Abstandes der Stromzufuhrdrähte und/oder durch veränderte Dichte der Wiederstandsdrähte bzw. Wahl unterschiedlich dicker Drähte sind über die Fläche die unterschiedlichsten Heizleistungen möglich.The known mesh techniques allow any shape of the heating surface to be achieved. Even power semiconductors arranged in a semi-circle are possible. By grading the spacing of the power supply wires and / or by changing the density of the resistance wires or selecting wires of different thicknesses, the most varied heating outputs are possible over the surface.

Die erforderliche Kontaktsicherheit zwischen Stromzufuhrund Widerstandsdrähten ist durch die feste Maschenbindung des textilen Flächengebildes durchaus und sicher gegeben, wie Versuche gezeigt haben. Dabei ist es günstig, das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement gegen Korrosion und Feuchtigkeit zu schützen, und zwar mindestens an den Kreuzungsstellen, d.h. Verbindungsstellen der Stromzufuhr- und Widerstandsdrähte, wo zudem die Gefahr der Bildung von Lokalelementen besteht. Zu diesem Zweck können die Drähte mit einem korrosionsfesten, aber elektrisch leitfähigen Ueberzug versehen werden, beispielsweise aus einem Polymer, das mit Graphit, EC-Russ oder Germanium leitfähig gemacht ist, oder aus einem selbst leitfähigen Amid-Imid-Polymer. Bevorzugt wird jedoch das fertige Heizelement mindestens im Bereich der genannten Kreuzungsstellen korrosionsfest und feuchtigkeitsresistent imprägniert, etwa mit einer Dispersion von Silikonharzen oder Polytetrafluorethylen, die dann getrocknet wird. In manchen Fällen ist es noch besser, ein Silikonprepolymer einzusetzen, die aufgebrachte Lösung bzw. Dispersion zu trocknen und anschliessend thermisch und/oder katalytisch zu vernetzen. Derartige Schutzsubstanzen sind dem Fachmann bekannt.The necessary contact security between the power supply and resistance wires is given by the tight mesh binding of the textile fabric, as tests have shown. It is expedient to protect the heating element according to the invention against corrosion and moisture, at least at the crossing points, ie connecting points of the power supply and resistance wires, where there is also the risk of local elements being formed. For this purpose, the wires can be provided with a corrosion-resistant but electrically conductive coating, for example made of a polymer which is made conductive with graphite, EC-soot or germanium, or from a self-conductive amide-imide polymer. However, the finished heating element is preferably impregnated in a corrosion-resistant and moisture-resistant manner, at least in the area of the mentioned crossing points, for example with a dispersion of silicone resins or polytetrafluoroethylene, which is then dried. In some cases it is even better to use a silicone prepolymer, to dry the applied solution or dispersion and then to crosslink it thermally and / or catalytically. Such protective substances are known to the person skilled in the art.

Das Material der Drähte kann im Rahmen des zu erreichenden Zweckes beliebig gewählt werden. Als Stromzufuhrdrähte kommen solche aus Kupfer, gegebenenfalls auch versilbert, und als Widerstandsdrähte solche aus den bekannten Nickel-Chrom-Legierungen in Betracht.The material of the wires can be chosen arbitrarily within the scope of the purpose to be achieved. Possible current supply wires are copper, optionally silver-plated, and resistance wires are those of the known nickel-chromium alloys.

Das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement kann als flaches Gebilde oder aber auch dreidimensional, z.B. als vorgeformter Autositzbezug, hergestellt werden. Es eignet sich zudem für die passende Einlage in Kleidungsstücke, z.B. Motorradfahreranzüge, und kann gleich in der gewünschten Form erzeugt werden.The heating element according to the invention can be a flat structure or else three-dimensional, e.g. as a preformed car seat cover. It is also suitable for the appropriate insert in clothing, e.g. Motorcyclist suits, and can be produced in the desired shape.

Neben den oben beschriebenen "netzartigen" Maschenwaren sind alle anderen bekannten Bindungen in Verbindung mit einem Heizleiter bzw. mit Stromzufuhrdrähten anwendbar, auch in Kombination mit Kett- und/oder Schussverstärkung, und sind problemlos produzierbar. Dabei kann es sich, wie es ebenfalls oben bereits erwähnt ist, um eine flächige (zweidimensionale) oder dreidimensionale Struktur handeln. Solche dreidimensionale Strukturen und deren Herstellung sind in der Schweizer Patentanmeldung Nr. 2149/92 vom 8. Juli 1992 der Anmelderin beschrieben, und die Beschreibung dieser Patentanmeldung soll einen Teil der vorliegenden Beschreibung bilden.In addition to the "mesh-like" knitwear described above, all other known bindings can be used in conjunction with a heating conductor or with power supply wires, also in combination with warp and / or weft reinforcement, and can be produced without problems. As already mentioned above, this can be a flat (two-dimensional) or three-dimensional structure. Such three-dimensional structures and their manufacture are described in Applicant's Swiss Patent Application No. 2149/92 of July 8, 1992, and the description of this patent application is intended to form part of the present description.

Die Heizleiter können aus einem Widerstandsdraht oder sonstigen leitenden Materialien bestehen und auch beschichtet oder ummantelt sein. Die Heizleiter müssen auch nicht "wellenförmig" verlaufen (vgl. weiter unten, Fig. 1). Eine Verbindung des Heizdrahtes zum Kontaktleiter, d.h. Stromzufuhrdraht, nach jeder Tour ist nicht zwingend erforderlich. Vielmehr kann die Heizleistung durch Einarbeiten verschieden starker Widerstandsdrähte, duch variablen Abstand der Drähte und durch individuelle Verbindung mit dem Kontaktleiter nahezu beliebig variiert werden.The heating conductors can consist of a resistance wire or other conductive materials and can also be coated or sheathed. The heating conductors also do not have to run in a "wave-like" manner (see below, FIG. 1). A connection of the heating wire to the contact conductor, ie power supply wire, is not absolutely necessary after each tour. Rather, the heating power can be achieved by incorporating resistance wires of different thicknesses through a variable spacing of the Wires and can be varied almost arbitrarily by individual connection with the contact conductor.

Der z.B. in Drahtstärke oder Breite und Material beliebig dimensionierbare Kontaktleiter muss nicht zwingend senkrecht bzw. waagerecht zur Strickrichtung verlaufen, sondern kann der vorgegebenen Idealform angepasst werden und demnach schräg oder in Form einer Kurve verlaufen, wie oben schon erwähnt wurde.The e.g. Contact conductors that can be dimensioned in wire thickness or width and material do not necessarily have to run perpendicularly or horizontally to the knitting direction, but can be adapted to the predetermined ideal shape and accordingly run obliquely or in the form of a curve, as already mentioned above.

Sofern dreidimensionale Heizelemente gewünscht werden, muss das Heizelement nicht erst zweidimensional hergestellt und dann verformt werden, sondern kann als mehrdimensionale Struktur mit gegebenenfalls variabler Heizleistung konstruiert werden. Somit bleibt die Heizleistung auch punktuell exakt reproduzierbar, da eine Flächenveränderung in die Raumform durch nachträgliches Verformen entfällt.If three-dimensional heating elements are desired, the heating element does not first have to be produced two-dimensionally and then deformed, but can be constructed as a multi-dimensional structure with, if appropriate, variable heating output. This means that the heating output remains exactly reproducible at certain points, since there is no need to change the area in terms of the room shape due to subsequent deformation.

Das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement wird in der gewünschten Form, also nicht in Meterware hergestellt. Dadurch entfällt die teure Weiterverarbeitung durch Zuschnitt und Näherei.The heating element according to the invention is produced in the desired shape, ie not in the meter. This eliminates the expensive further processing by cutting and sewing.

Die Heizleistung ist variabel konstruierbar durch Reihendichte des Widerstandsdrahtes, entsprechende Dimensionierung der Drähte, Reihenbreite entsprechend Kontaktleiterverlauf und natürlich auch der Bindungsvariante. Es ist demnach nicht wie bisher nötig, zur Realisierung der gewünschten Heizleistung einen oder mehrere Widerstandsdrähte zu unterbrechen. Die Erfindung sieht dagegen bei einer Ausführungsform vor, dass das Heizelement zwei oder mehrere Bereiche mit Heizdrähten aufweist, die einseitig oder gar nicht mittels Stromzufuhrdrähten verbunden sind; dadurch wird es möglich, auf einfachste Weise durch Serien- oder Parallelverbindung der Stromzufuhrdrähte die Heizleistung eventuellen Sonderwünschen anzupassen.The heating power can be designed variably through the row density of the resistance wire, appropriate dimensioning of the wires, row width according to the contact conductor course and of course also the binding variant. It is therefore not necessary, as previously, to interrupt one or more resistance wires in order to achieve the desired heating output. In contrast, the invention provides in one embodiment that the heating element has two or more regions with heating wires which are connected on one side or not at all by means of power supply wires; this makes it possible to adapt the heating output to any special requests in the simplest way by connecting the power supply wires in series or in parallel.

Da das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement in der gewünschten dreidimensionalen Form auf der Web-Strick-Maschine hergestellt werden kann und daher nach der Herstellung nicht thermisch verformt werden muss, ist es möglich, in den Arbeitsgarnen ausser Kunststoffasern jede andere beliebige Faser einzusetzen. Es lassen sich also alle technischen Fasern einschliesslich ummantelten Fasern auch in Kombination miteinander verarbeiten.Since the heating element according to the invention can be produced in the desired three-dimensional shape on the weaving machine and therefore does not have to be thermally deformed after production, it is possible to use any other fiber besides plastic fibers in the working yarns. All technical fibers including coated fibers can also be processed in combination.

Das erfindungsgemässe Heizelement kann durch Plasmabehandlung und auch durch klassische Behandlung, eventuell bereits der Fasern, korrosionsfest und schwerentflammbar ausgerüstet werden.The heating element according to the invention can be made corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant by plasma treatment and also by conventional treatment, possibly already of the fibers.

Die erfindungsgemässen Heizelemente können auf Textilmaschinen, vorzugsweise auf rechnergesteuerten Flachstrickmaschinen, hergestellt werden. Neben der flächigen und dreidimensionalen Struktur ist auch eine sogenannte "zweieinhalbdimensionale" Konstruktion mit Polfaden bzw. Abstandsstruktur produzierbar.The heating elements according to the invention can be produced on textile machines, preferably on computer-controlled flat knitting machines. In addition to the flat and three-dimensional structure, a so-called "two and a half-dimensional" construction with pile thread or spacing structure can also be produced.

In der Zeichnung sind zur weiteren Erläuterung des Erfindungsgegenstandes einzelne Möglichkeiten der Einführung von Stromzufuhr- und Widerstandsdrähten in einer Figur schematisch zusammengefasst.To further explain the subject matter of the invention, the drawing schematically summarizes individual possibilities for introducing power supply and resistance wires in one figure.

Die Maschenware 10 des Heizelementes ist aus einem Garn 12 gestrickt, das in der Regel aus einer geeigneten Kunstfaser als Monofilament oder Stapelfasergarn, auch als Mikrofasergarn besteht, z.B. Polyester, Polyurethan, Polyamid, oder hochtemperaturfesten Fasern wie Nomex. Selbstverständlich muss das Material des Garnes 12 so gewählt werden, dass es die gewünschte Temperatur des Heizelementes aushält.The knitted fabric 10 of the heating element is knitted from a yarn 12, which usually consists of a suitable synthetic fiber as a monofilament or staple fiber yarn, also as a microfiber yarn, e.g. Polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, or high temperature resistant fibers like Nomex. Of course, the material of the yarn 12 must be selected so that it can withstand the desired temperature of the heating element.

Die links in der Figur gezeichnete Stromzufuhr mit dem Draht 14, der ein dünner Kupferdraht oder eine Litze sein kann, ist in Intarsientechnik eingearbeitet. Als rechte Stromzufuhrdrähte sind zwei Kettfäden 16 gezeigt. Die oberen Heizdrähte 18 sind eingelegte Schussfäden, während die unteren Heizdrähte 20 beim Stricken mitlaufende Drähte sind.The power supply shown on the left in the figure with the wire 14, which can be a thin copper wire or a strand can, is incorporated in inlaid technology. Two warp threads 16 are shown as the right power supply wires. The upper heating wires 18 are inserted weft threads, while the lower heating wires 20 are moving wires during knitting.

Selbstverständlich tritt eine Dehnbarkeitsminderung des Heizelementes in der betreffenden Richtung ein, wenn Kettoder Schussdrähte 16 bzw. 18 verwendet werden. Hochdehnbare erfindungsgemässe Heizelemente werden demnach bevorzugt mit Intersiendrähten 14 und vermaschten Heizdrähten 20 erzeugt.Of course, a reduction in the ductility of the heating element in the relevant direction occurs when warp or weft wires 16 or 18 are used. Highly stretchable heating elements according to the invention are therefore preferably produced with interior wires 14 and meshed heating wires 20.

Die Stromzufuhrdrähte können auch mit der set-up-Linie eingearbeitet werden. Durch das anschliessende beliebige Gestrick mit Heizdrähten wird der Strom über die abschliessende set-up-Linie wieder abgeleitet. Man erhält also ein Heizelement mit "waagerechten" Stromzufuhr- und "senkrechten" Widerstandsdrähten.The power supply wires can also be incorporated using the set-up line. Through the subsequent knitted fabric with heating wires, the electricity is discharged again via the final set-up line. So you get a heating element with "horizontal" power supply and "vertical" resistance wires.

Als zusätzliche Möglichkeit der Stricktechnik seien noch Fank und Umhängen erwähnt, und als weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeit der Aufbau von Werkzeugheizungen, Behälterheizungen, Rohrheizungen usw.Fank and capes should be mentioned as an additional possibility of knitting technology, and as a further application possibility the construction of tool heaters, container heaters, pipe heaters etc.

Claims (11)

Elektrisches Heizelement, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus einer textilen Maschenware mit mindestens zwei leitfähigen, voneinander getrennten Stromzufuhrdrähten und von einem zu einem anderen Stromzufuhrdraht verlaufenden Wiederstandsdrähten besteht, dass die Stromzufuhrdrähte nach der Intarsientechnik in mindestens eine Reihe jeweils übereinanderliegender, sich umschlingender Maschen und die Widerstandsdrähte in waagerechte Maschenreihen mit mindestens je einer nichtleitenden Maschenreihe Abstand eingearbeitet sind, und dass eine feste, kontaktgebende Maschenbindung zwischen Stromzufuhr- und Widerstandsdrähten besteht.Electric heating element, characterized in that it consists of a textile knitted fabric with at least two conductive, separate power supply wires and from one of the other power supply resistance wires, that the power supply wires according to the inlay technique in at least one row of overlapping, looping meshes and the resistance wires are incorporated into horizontal rows of stitches with at least one non-conductive row of stitches each, and that there is a firm, contact-making stitch bond between the power supply and resistance wires. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandsdrähte und/oder die Stromzufuhrdrähte mit einem korrosions- und feuchtigkeitsfestem Ueberzug versehen sind.Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance wires and / or the power supply wires are provided with a corrosion and moisture resistant coating. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandsdrähte mit Maschengarn mitlaufend eingearbeitet sind.Heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the resistance wires are incorporated along with mesh yarn. Heizelement nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstandsdraht mit Maschengarn verzwirnt ist.Heating element according to claim 3, characterized in that the resistance wire is twisted with mesh yarn. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stromzufuhrdrähte als zusätzlich eingestrickte Kett- oder Schussfäden vorliegen.Heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the power supply wires are present as additionally knitted in warp or weft threads. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandsdrähte als zusätzlich eingestrickte Kett- oder Schussfäden vorliegen.Heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the resistance wires are present as additionally knitted in warp or weft threads. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stromzufuhr- und Wiederstandsdrähte in eine dreidimensionale Webmaschenware eingearbeitet sind.Heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the power supply and resistance wires are incorporated into a three-dimensional woven fabric. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Heizelementes nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine textile Maschenware herstellt und zusätzlich in Richtung der Maschenreihen Widerstandsdrähte oder Stromzufuhrdrähte und in Richtung der Maschenschlingen Stromzufuhrdrähte bzw. Widerstandsdrähte einarbeitet, und dass man die genannten Drähte und/oder die erhaltene textile Maschenware mindestens an den Kreuzungsstellen der Stromzufuhr- und Widerstandsdrähte korrosionsfest bzw. feuchtigkeitsresistent beschichtet bzw. imprägniert.Method for producing an electrical heating element according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a textile knitted fabric is produced and in addition resistance wires or current supply wires are worked in the direction of the stitch rows and current supply wires or resistance wires are worked in in the direction of the stitch loops, and in that the said wires and / or the textile knitted fabric obtained is coated or impregnated at least at the intersections of the power supply and resistance wires in a corrosion-resistant or moisture-resistant manner. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens die Widerstandsdrähte mit einem korrosionsfesten, jedoch elektrisch leitfähigen Ueberzug versehen werden.A method according to claim 8, characterized in that at least the resistance wires are provided with a corrosion-resistant but electrically conductive coating. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erzeugte elektrische Heizelement mit einer wasserabweisenden, wärmefesten Imprägnierung durch Behandeln mit einer Dispersion oder Lösung eines Silikonharzes oder Fluorcarbonharzes und nachfolgendes Trocknen versehen wird.A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrical heating element produced is provided with a water-repellent, heat-resistant impregnation by treatment with a dispersion or solution of a silicone resin or fluorocarbon resin and subsequent drying. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein vernetzbares Silikonprepolymer verwendet und beim oder nach dem Trocknen vernetzt wird.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that a crosslinkable silicone prepolymer is used and is crosslinked during or after drying.
EP92810687A 1991-09-11 1992-09-08 Electrical heating element Expired - Lifetime EP0532468B1 (en)

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CH267691 1991-09-11

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EP0541047A2 (en) * 1991-11-05 1993-05-12 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik Electric surface heating element and process for its manufacture
EP0548574A2 (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-30 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik Planar heating element and method of manufacture
DE4334944A1 (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-07-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Switching arrangement for area heating element in e.g. car seat
WO1996010322A1 (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-04 A. U. A. Putz Gesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Electric heating element and method for preparing the same
LU90377B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2000-09-26 Iee Sarl Flat heating element
EP1049354A1 (en) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Electric heating/warming fabric articles
AT407937B (en) * 1998-02-03 2001-07-25 Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech FLEXIBLE SURFACE HEATING ELEMENT WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING CONTACT AND HEATING LADDERS
EP1234903A1 (en) * 2001-02-23 2002-08-28 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Electrical heating/warming fibrous articles
DE20308113U1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2004-07-01 Activline Gmbh & Co. Kg A method for manufacturing flexible surface heating elements for motor vehicle seats has the usual electrical conducting mat connected to the voltage supply through tubular conductive leads
WO2006010358A1 (en) 2004-07-24 2006-02-02 medi Bayreuth Weihermüller & Voigtmann GmbH & Co. KG Knitted fabric that is electrically conductive in a biaxial manner
EP1631122A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-01 Rolf Mayer Planar electrical heating element
WO2006056414A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-01 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Textile surface-heating element and method for the production thereof
WO2006117126A1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-09 Eybl International Ag Method for producing textile fabrics with functional threads
DE19820698B4 (en) * 1998-05-11 2007-01-25 Klaus Schneider Heat-giving blanket
EP1882764A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-30 Carl Freudenberg KG Textile fabric, method for its manufacture and use
WO2008013459A2 (en) * 2006-07-24 2008-01-31 Ward, Robert, William Textile articles incorporating an electrical heating element(s)
DE102008034815A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Electrical surface heating element is sectionally formed as heating knitted fabric with flexible electrical heat conductor, where loop of heating knitted fabric, forms multiple knitting rows that are interlaced with each other
US20130168382A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2013-07-04 Hokuriku S.T.R. Cooperative Planar heating body
DE102017127319A1 (en) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-23 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Knit product and process for its preparation
US10323344B2 (en) 2016-07-08 2019-06-18 H. Stoll Ag & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a knitted fabric comprising a vertical yarn filament
CN114286460A (en) * 2020-09-28 2022-04-05 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Interdigital electrode of weft knitted fabric for automobile internal heating element
EP3958739A4 (en) * 2019-04-10 2023-06-21 Propel, LLC Knitted textiles with conductive traces of a hybrid yarn and methods of knitting the same
US11856660B2 (en) 2017-06-27 2023-12-26 Elringklinger Ag Heating system and process for manufacturing same

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DE4136425C2 (en) * 1991-11-05 2002-01-24 Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech Surface heating element and method for its production
EP0541047A3 (en) * 1991-11-05 1993-09-15 I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh Elektro-Technische Fabrik Electric surface heating element and process for its manufacture
EP0541047A2 (en) * 1991-11-05 1993-05-12 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik Electric surface heating element and process for its manufacture
EP0548574A2 (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-30 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik Planar heating element and method of manufacture
EP0548574A3 (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-09-15 I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh Elektro-Technische Fabrik Planar heating element and method of manufacture
DE4334944A1 (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-07-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Switching arrangement for area heating element in e.g. car seat
WO1996010322A1 (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-04 A. U. A. Putz Gesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Electric heating element and method for preparing the same
DE4434956A1 (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-06-05 Putz A U A Gmbh & Co Kg Electrical heating element and method for its production
US6020578A (en) * 1994-09-29 2000-02-01 A.U.A. Putz Gesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Electric heating element and method for preparing the same
AT407937B (en) * 1998-02-03 2001-07-25 Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech FLEXIBLE SURFACE HEATING ELEMENT WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING CONTACT AND HEATING LADDERS
DE19820698B4 (en) * 1998-05-11 2007-01-25 Klaus Schneider Heat-giving blanket
LU90377B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2000-09-26 Iee Sarl Flat heating element
EP1049354A1 (en) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Electric heating/warming fabric articles
EP1234903A1 (en) * 2001-02-23 2002-08-28 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Electrical heating/warming fibrous articles
DE20308113U1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2004-07-01 Activline Gmbh & Co. Kg A method for manufacturing flexible surface heating elements for motor vehicle seats has the usual electrical conducting mat connected to the voltage supply through tubular conductive leads
US8476172B2 (en) 2004-07-24 2013-07-02 Medi Gmbh & Co. Kg Knitted fabric that is electrically conductive in a biaxial manner
JP2008507631A (en) * 2004-07-24 2008-03-13 メーディバイロイト ヴァイアーミュラー アンド フォイトマン ゲーエムベーハー アンド カンパニー ケージー Biaxial knit fabric with electrical conductivity
WO2006010358A1 (en) 2004-07-24 2006-02-02 medi Bayreuth Weihermüller & Voigtmann GmbH & Co. KG Knitted fabric that is electrically conductive in a biaxial manner
EA010089B1 (en) * 2004-07-24 2008-06-30 Меди Байройт Вайермюллер Унд Фоигтманн Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг Knitted fabric that is electrically conductive in a biaxial manner
EP1631122A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-01 Rolf Mayer Planar electrical heating element
WO2006056414A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-01 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Textile surface-heating element and method for the production thereof
DE102004056737A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-08 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Textile surface heating element and method for its production
DE102004056737B4 (en) * 2004-11-24 2008-05-08 Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh Textile surface heating element and method for its production
WO2006117126A1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-09 Eybl International Ag Method for producing textile fabrics with functional threads
WO2006117127A1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-09 Eybl International Ag Method for producing textile fabrics with functional threads
WO2008013459A2 (en) * 2006-07-24 2008-01-31 Ward, Robert, William Textile articles incorporating an electrical heating element(s)
WO2008013459A3 (en) * 2006-07-24 2008-03-13 Ward Robert William Textile articles incorporating an electrical heating element(s)
EP1882764A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-30 Carl Freudenberg KG Textile fabric, method for its manufacture and use
DE102008034815A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Electrical surface heating element is sectionally formed as heating knitted fabric with flexible electrical heat conductor, where loop of heating knitted fabric, forms multiple knitting rows that are interlaced with each other
US20130168382A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2013-07-04 Hokuriku S.T.R. Cooperative Planar heating body
US10323344B2 (en) 2016-07-08 2019-06-18 H. Stoll Ag & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a knitted fabric comprising a vertical yarn filament
DE102016112585B4 (en) 2016-07-08 2019-10-24 H. Stoll Ag & Co. Kg Method for producing a knitted fabric with standing thread
US11856660B2 (en) 2017-06-27 2023-12-26 Elringklinger Ag Heating system and process for manufacturing same
DE102017127319A1 (en) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-23 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Knit product and process for its preparation
EP3958739A4 (en) * 2019-04-10 2023-06-21 Propel, LLC Knitted textiles with conductive traces of a hybrid yarn and methods of knitting the same
US11905627B2 (en) 2019-04-10 2024-02-20 Propel, LLC Systems for maintaining moisture in a textile electrode
CN114286460A (en) * 2020-09-28 2022-04-05 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Interdigital electrode of weft knitted fabric for automobile internal heating element

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DE59208350D1 (en) 1997-05-22
ATE151941T1 (en) 1997-05-15
EP0532468B1 (en) 1997-04-16
ES2101825T3 (en) 1997-07-16

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