EP0558379A1 - System and method for physical data acquisition during drilling - Google Patents
System and method for physical data acquisition during drilling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0558379A1 EP0558379A1 EP93400401A EP93400401A EP0558379A1 EP 0558379 A1 EP0558379 A1 EP 0558379A1 EP 93400401 A EP93400401 A EP 93400401A EP 93400401 A EP93400401 A EP 93400401A EP 0558379 A1 EP0558379 A1 EP 0558379A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- measurement
- installation
- drilling
- sensor
- acceleration
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004441 surface measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
- E21B23/14—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells for displacing a cable or cable-operated tool, e.g. for logging or perforating operations in deviated wells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assembly and a method enabling the acquisition of information and / or physical data linked to a drilling operation.
- This information can mainly include data related to the mechanical behavior of the drill string during drilling, but also data on the drilling environment.
- the invention uses at least two measurement sources. These are preferably arranged at a distance of several hundred meters between them. One, near the bottom, near the tool and the other near the surface.
- the different measurements can be indexed in time by a synchronization system. Synchronization provides the necessary rigor for the purposes of comparison and correlation between the different measurements.
- One of the objects of the invention is to be able to better understand the drilling process, in particular by analyzing the dynamic behavior of the drill string.
- the action of the rock destruction tool has repercussions on all of the equipment and means implementing this tool and vice versa.
- the drill string consisting in particular of drill collars and drill rods is the equipment directly linked to the tool, the study of its mechanical behavior in dynamics is therefore particularly important. Of course, knowledge of the other drilling parameters is also necessary to complete the analyzes and interpretations.
- the object of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention is to provide a system for real-time transmission of a large number of data, notably coming from sensors close to the drilling tool and surface sensors. , and at the same time to be able to record them synchronously using a processing facility located on the surface.
- a processing facility located on the surface located on the surface.
- the first measuring means can be located near the drilling tool and the second means can be close to the surface.
- the processing installation can be on the surface and can be adapted to receive and record signals from the sensors in synchronization.
- At least one of said connecting means may comprise at least one wired rod.
- the second measuring means can be placed under the drive rod or the rotating member, and the connecting means between the sensor of the first measuring means and the treatment plant can pass through the second means of measured.
- the second measurement means can be electrically connected to the treatment installation and its connection means can comprise a rotating electrical connection.
- the first measurement means may include at least one sensor suitable for a measurement from the following list: weight on the drilling tool, torque on the tool, acceleration in rotation, acceleration in at least one direction, bending moment in at least a plane, magnetic field in at least one direction, pressure and temperature internal and external to the lining.
- the second measurement means may include at least one sensor suitable for a measurement from the following list: internal pressure, torque, acceleration in at least one direction, voltage, acceleration in rotation.
- Processing facility can synchronize signals from the two measurement means by giving the acquisition order to the second measurement means when it receives a determined signal from the first measurement means.
- the processing installation can be connected to at least one sensor located on the drilling rig, in particular a sensor for measuring the rotation of the lining or a sensor for measuring the displacement of the drilling hook.
- the second measurement means can be in the vicinity of the surface.
- the surface installation can be connected to at least one other sensor located on the surface drilling rig and its signal can be synchronized with the other signals.
- the method and / or the assembly according to the invention can be applied to the analysis of the dynamic behavior of a drill string during rotary drilling operation and to the optimization of the drilling parameters.
- the reference 2 designates the drilling tool lowered using the packing in the well 1.
- Conventional drill collars 3 are screwed above the tool.
- the first measurement means is constituted by a connector 4, generally placed above the tool 2 where the measurements near the tool are more advantageous, in particular for monitoring the dynamics of the tool. However, it can be placed within or at the top of the drill collars, or even at the level of the drill rods.
- the drill string is completed by conventional rods 7 up to the suspension and connection connector 8. Above this connector, the extension of the drill string continues by adding wired rods 9.
- wired rods 9 will not be described in this document, because they are known from the prior art, in particular by patents FR-2530876, US-4806115 or application FR-2656747.
- the second measuring means placed in a connector 10 is screwed under the drive rod 11 or "kelly".
- the additions of wired rods then take place under this connector 10.
- Above the drive rod 10 is a rotating electrical connector 12, which is electrically connected to the surface installation 13 by a cable 14.
- the measurement connector 4 has a male connector 6, the contacts of which are connected to the measurement sensors and the associated electronics included in the connector 4
- a cable 5, equivalent to a deferred logging cable, has at its lower end a female connector 15 adapted to cooperate with the connector 6. The other upper end of the cable 5 is suspended on the connector 8.
- the connector 8 is adapted to suspend the length of cable 5 and electrically connect the conductor (s) of cable 5 with the electrical connection (s) of the immediately upper wired rod.
- the electrical connection provided by the wired rods is referenced 16. This electrical connection transits at 17 in the second measurement connection 10.
- a drive rod 11 When a drive rod 11 is used, it is also wired by having two electric cables 18 and 19. One, 18, connects the second connector 10 to the rotary contacts of the rotary connector 12, the other, 19, connects line 17 to other rotating contacts of the fitting 12.
- the rotary electrical connector 12 can have 12 tracks. It is designed to meet the explosion protection standards required in the environment of a drill floor.
- the surface cable 14 can comprise at least six conductors.
- the connector 4 is generally connected by a single conductor to the surface installation 13. The measurements and the supply of electrical energy pass through the same line.
- the first three measurements can be obtained by strain gauges glued to a test cylinder. They are protected from pressure by an appropriate casing. The design and mounting of this housing are adapted to avoid measurement errors due to yields.
- Accelerations are measured by two accelerometers per axis in order to control the errors induced by the dynamics of the rotation.
- the last measurement set is obtained by specific sensors mounted in a separate part of the fitting.
- this surface fitting 10 is not fundamentally different from that of the first fitting, except for the obligation to leave a free passage of mud arranged substantially coaxial with the interior space of the lining to allow, if necessary, the transfer of a tool inside the packing.
- a high frequency of transmission of the measurements is obtained by electrical connections constituted by the cable 5, the line 16 and 17, and the surface cable 14.
- Certain bottom sensors which do not require high frequency sampling, can transmit their measurements by other channels, for example pressure wave or electromagnetic wave.
- the surface sensors included in the second fitting and possibly the other sensors of the drilling rig will be electrically connected to the surface installation.
- the sensors of the first connection are then connected to the surface by another transmission channel, for example those mentioned above.
- the surface installation remains suitable for synchronizing at least one background measurement with certain surface measurements.
- connection between the second fitting and the surface installation is other than electrical, for example by radio, or optical.
- the data acquisition units include sensors, amplifiers and filters. If necessary, preamplifiers should preferably be placed as close as possible to the sensors in order to avoid background noise.
- Analog memories in the form of five samplers / blockers allow in particular the acquisition of five channels at the same time and under the same address.
- This construction example allows very precise synchronism between five parameters.
- the synchronization principle consists in blocking the analog memories at the same time. It is the surface installation which controls synchronization, when it receives from the first connection a group of five measurements and its address, this then sends to the second connection the order to acquire its own measurements.
- the precision of the synchronization is of course dependent on the line lengths of the links and of the processing speed in the installation, but this precision remains excellent and in all cases of the order of a millisecond, but preferably less than this value.
- the two or three data streams coming from the two fittings and the surface sensors are recorded together and saved by the surface installation 13.
- the surface installation mainly comprises a computer, a control screen, data storage means, recorders and a power supply unit. Both connections can be supplied by electrical conductors at 130 VAC at 50 or 400 Hz.
- All data is binary coded and multiplexed before sending over the transmission channel.
- the electrical transmission achieves 30 kbits per second over a line length of around 3000 meters.
- the transmission frequency of the groups comprising five measurements and the address can be 400 Hz with a resolution of 10 bits. This arrangement makes it possible to transmit four signals at the maximum frequency and the others at lower frequencies.
- the maximum frequency will be 360 Hz.
- the cable 5 provided at its lower end with the female connector 15 and ballast essential.
- the cable 5 is connected to the measurement connector 4 and the cable 5 is suspended on the connector 8.
- the connection between the electrical conductor of the cable and the means secured to the connector 8 adapted to make contact with the first is made manually or automatically. wired rod which will be added.
- the packing comprising the first fitting is therefore suspended from the rotation table and also has an electrical connection with the measuring fitting 4.
- the rotary connector 12 is installed on the wired drive rod 11 or under the motorized injection head.
- the surface installation 13 is connected to the rotary connector by the cable 14.
- the second connector 10 is screwed, either under the said drive rod, or directly under the rotary connector if an injection head is used motorized.
- the operation is continued by adding wired rods as long as one wishes to have an electrical connection with the first measurement fitting 4.
- This invention is not limited to the arrangement described above, although it is preferred, where the two measurement fittings are placed, one close to the tool, the other close to the surface.
- the object of the device and of the method according to the invention is also to analyze the dynamic behavior of a portion of the lining.
- we will have the two measurement connections at each end of the portion of packing to be studied.
- it is necessary to understand at least a length of a tubular element, rod or drill collar of approximately 9 meters.
- its connection with the surface may preferably be made with the wired rods.
- the wired rods between the surface and the second fitting will be a common transmission path for the two fittings.
- said measurement connections will be adapted to this mode of transmission.
- the present invention is particularly suitable for rotary drilling conditions, that is to say that the lining is rotated by a surface motor, drilling with a downhole motor is not at all excluded from the application of this measurement set.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un ensemble et une méthode permettant l'acquisition d'informations ou/et de données physiques liées à une opération de forage. Ces informations peuvent comporter essentiellement des données liées au comportement mécanique de la garniture de forage pendant le forage, mais également les données sur l'environnement du forage. Pour cela, l'invention utilise au moins deux sources de mesure. Celles-ci sont disposées préférentiellement à une distance de plusieurs centaines de mètres entre elles. L'une, près du fond, proche de l'outil et l'autre proche de la surface. Selon la présente invention, les différentes mesures peuvent être indexées dans le temps par un système de synchronisation. La synchronisation apporte la rigueur indispensable à des fins de comparaison et de corrélation entre les différentes mesures.The present invention relates to an assembly and a method enabling the acquisition of information and / or physical data linked to a drilling operation. This information can mainly include data related to the mechanical behavior of the drill string during drilling, but also data on the drilling environment. For this, the invention uses at least two measurement sources. These are preferably arranged at a distance of several hundred meters between them. One, near the bottom, near the tool and the other near the surface. According to the present invention, the different measurements can be indexed in time by a synchronization system. Synchronization provides the necessary rigor for the purposes of comparison and correlation between the different measurements.
Un des objets de l'invention est de pouvoir mieux comprendre le procédé de forage notamment par une analyse du comportement dynamique de la garniture de forage.One of the objects of the invention is to be able to better understand the drilling process, in particular by analyzing the dynamic behavior of the drill string.
L'action de l'outil de destruction de la roche se répercute sur l'ensemble des équipements et des moyens mettant en oeuvre cet outil et réciproquement. La garniture de forage constituée notamment par les masses-tiges et les tiges de forage se trouve être l'équipement directement lié à l'outil, l'étude de son comportement mécanique en dynamique est donc particulièrement important. Bien entendu, la connaissance des autres paramètres de forage est également nécessaires pour compléter les analyses et les interprétations.The action of the rock destruction tool has repercussions on all of the equipment and means implementing this tool and vice versa. The drill string consisting in particular of drill collars and drill rods is the equipment directly linked to the tool, the study of its mechanical behavior in dynamics is therefore particularly important. Of course, knowledge of the other drilling parameters is also necessary to complete the analyzes and interpretations.
L'acquisition de ces données pourra déboucher sur des études permettant d'optimiser les techniques et les moyens de forage. L'objectif ultime est notamment d'obtenir un meilleur rendement économique de découverte et d'exploitation des gisements pétroliers, grâce à des améliorations de performance et de coût.The acquisition of these data may lead to studies allowing the optimization of drilling techniques and means. The ultimate objective is in particular to obtain a better economic return from the discovery and exploitation of petroleum deposits, through improvements in performance and cost.
On connaît des systèmes d'acquisition et de transmission de mesure par des capteurs associés à une électronique de fond, tels ceux qui transmettent leurs informations par onde de pression dans la boue, ou par onde électromagnétique. Mais le nombre de paramètres transmis est faible et la vitesse de transmission relativement lente.Acquisition and transmission systems are known. measurement by sensors associated with background electronics, such as those which transmit their information by pressure wave in the mud, or by electromagnetic wave. However, the number of parameters transmitted is low and the transmission speed relatively slow.
On connaît également, par les documents FR-2645205, US-4715451, des systèmes de mesure placés au sommet de la garniture de forage, au voisinage de la surface. Mais ces techniques ont pour objet de ne pas utiliser de capteurs de fond.Also known, from documents FR-2645205, US-4715451, are measurement systems placed at the top of the drill string, in the vicinity of the surface. However, the purpose of these techniques is not to use bottom sensors.
De plus, aucun de ces documents ne suggère l'usage ni la possibilité de synchroniser deux sources de mesure disposées sensiblement à chaque extrémité de la garniture de forage.Furthermore, none of these documents suggests the use or the possibility of synchronizing two measurement sources arranged substantially at each end of the drill string.
Par contre, l'objet d'une réalisation préférentielle selon la présente invention, est de fournir un système de transmission en temps réel d'un grand nombre de données, provenant notamment de capteurs proches de l'outil de forage et de capteurs de surface, et dans le même temps de pouvoir les enregistrer de façon synchrone à l'aide d'une installation de traitement située en surface. En effet, il a été trouvé selon la présente invention que la compréhension et par la suite la modélisation du processus de forage, ne peut se faire que si on mesure un certain nombre de paramètres en plusieurs points du train de tiges. Comme le forage est un processus hautement dynamique, beaucoup de ces paramètres doivent être mesurés à haute cadence et avec une précision de synchronisation suffisante.On the other hand, the object of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention is to provide a system for real-time transmission of a large number of data, notably coming from sensors close to the drilling tool and surface sensors. , and at the same time to be able to record them synchronously using a processing facility located on the surface. In fact, it has been found according to the present invention that the understanding and thereafter the modeling of the drilling process can only be done if a certain number of parameters are measured at several points of the drill string. Since drilling is a highly dynamic process, many of these parameters need to be measured at a high rate and with sufficient timing accuracy.
Dans ce but, la présente invention concerne un ensemble adapté, notamment à étudier le comportement physique d'une garniture de forage. Il comporte en combinaison :
- un premier et un deuxième moyens de mesure comportant chacun au moins un capteur, lesdits moyens étant situés sensiblement aux extrémités d'une portion de longueur de la garniture de forage,
- des moyens de liaison entre chacun desdits capteurs et une installation de traitement des signaux fournis par lesdits capteurs et acheminés par lesdits moyens de liaison. Ladite installation de traitement comporte au moins un moyen de synchronisation desdits signaux.
- first and second measurement means each comprising at least one sensor, said means being located substantially at the ends of a length portion of the drill string,
- connection means between each of said sensors and an installation for processing the signals supplied by said sensors and routed by said connection means. Said processing installation comprises at least one means for synchronizing said signals.
Le premier moyen de mesure peut être situé au voisinage de l'outil de forage et le deuxième moyen peut être proche de la surface. L'installation de traitement peut être en surface et peut être adaptée à recevoir et à enregistrer en synchronisation les signaux provenant des capteurs.The first measuring means can be located near the drilling tool and the second means can be close to the surface. The processing installation can be on the surface and can be adapted to receive and record signals from the sensors in synchronization.
Le moyen de liaison entre le capteur du premier moyen de mesure et l'installation de traitement peut comporter:
- un câble électrique comportant au moins un conducteur, placé dans l'espace intérieur de la garniture de tubes,
- un connecteur électrique enfichable en milieu liquide adapté à relier le premier moyen audit câble,
- un raccord de suspension du câble et de liaison électrique dudit câble à ladite installation de traitement.
- an electric cable comprising at least one conductor, placed in the interior space of the tube lining,
- a pluggable electrical connector in a liquid medium adapted to connect the first means to said cable,
- a cable suspension connection and electrical connection of said cable to said treatment installation.
Un au moins desdits moyens de liaison peut comporter au moins une tige câblée.At least one of said connecting means may comprise at least one wired rod.
Le deuxième moyen de mesure peut être placé sous la tige d'entraînement ou l'organe de mise en rotation, et le moyen de liaison entre le capteur du premier moyen de mesure et l'intallation de traitement peut transiter à travers le deuxième moyen de mesure.The second measuring means can be placed under the drive rod or the rotating member, and the connecting means between the sensor of the first measuring means and the treatment plant can pass through the second means of measured.
Le deuxième moyen de mesure peut être relié éléctriquement à l'installation de traitement et son moyen de liaison peut comporter un raccord électrique tournant.The second measurement means can be electrically connected to the treatment installation and its connection means can comprise a rotating electrical connection.
Le premier moyen de mesure peut comporter au moins un capteur adapté à une mesure parmi la liste suivante : poids sur l'outil de forage, couple à l'outil, accélération en rotation, accélération suivant au moins une direction, moment fléchissant dans au moins un plan, champ magnétique suivant au moins une direction, pression et température internes et externes à la garniture. Le deuxième moyen de mesure peut comporter au moins un capteur adapté à une mesure parmi la liste suivante : pression interne, couple, accélération suivant au moins une direction, tension, accélération en rotation.The first measurement means may include at least one sensor suitable for a measurement from the following list: weight on the drilling tool, torque on the tool, acceleration in rotation, acceleration in at least one direction, bending moment in at least a plane, magnetic field in at least one direction, pressure and temperature internal and external to the lining. The second measurement means may include at least one sensor suitable for a measurement from the following list: internal pressure, torque, acceleration in at least one direction, voltage, acceleration in rotation.
L'installation de traitement peut synchroniser les signaux provenant des deux moyens de mesure en donnant l'ordre d'acquisition au second moyen de mesure lorsqu'elle reçoit un signal déterminé du premier moyen de mesure.Processing facility can synchronize signals from the two measurement means by giving the acquisition order to the second measurement means when it receives a determined signal from the first measurement means.
L'installation de traitement peut être reliée à au moins un capteur situé sur l'appareil de forage, notamment un capteur de mesure de la rotation de la garniture ou un capteur de mesure du déplacement du crochet de forage.The processing installation can be connected to at least one sensor located on the drilling rig, in particular a sensor for measuring the rotation of the lining or a sensor for measuring the displacement of the drilling hook.
L'invention concerne également une méthode d'acquisition de données représentatives des conditions physiques d'un forage, comportant les étapes suivantes :
- a) on assemble l'outil de forage, les masses-tiges et un premier moyen de mesure comportant au moins un capteur,
- b) on descend l'assemblage précédent dans le puits en ajoutant des tiges de forage,
- c) on assemble dans la garniture un deuxième moyen de mesure comportant au moins un capteur,
- d) on relie lesdits moyens à une installation de surface par des moyens de transmission,
- e) on fait tourner l'outil de forage,
- f) on traite et on enregistre par l'installation de surface au moins un signal provenant de chaque moyen de mesure pendant la rotation de l'outil, tout en les synchronisant.
- a) assembling the drilling tool, the drill collars and a first measuring means comprising at least one sensor,
- b) the previous assembly is lowered into the well by adding drill rods,
- c) a second measuring means comprising at least one sensor is assembled in the lining,
- d) said means are connected to a surface installation by transmission means,
- e) the drilling tool is rotated,
- f) processing and recording by the surface installation at least one signal from each measuring means during the rotation of the tool, while synchronizing them.
Le deuxième moyen de mesure peut être au voisinage de la surface.The second measurement means can be in the vicinity of the surface.
La méthode peut comporter les étapes suivantes:
- avant de reprendre le forage, on descend un câble électrique dans l'espace intérieur de la garniture, on le connecte sur le premier moyen de mesure et on le suspend par le moyen d'un raccord de suspension et de connexion,
- on suit l'avancement de l'outil de forage en ajoutant des tiges câblées, lesdites tiges étant adaptées à relier électriquement ledit premier moyen à l'installation de surface, par la coopération électrique dudit câble et dudit raccord de suspension,
- on enregistre et on traite en temps réel au moins un signal provenant de chaque moyen de mesure.
- before resuming drilling, an electric cable is lowered into the interior of the lining, it is connected to the first measuring means and it is suspended by means of a suspension and connection fitting,
- we follow the progress of the drilling tool by adding rods wired, said rods being adapted to electrically connect said first means to the surface installation, by the electrical cooperation of said cable and said suspension fitting,
- at least one signal from each measurement means is recorded and processed in real time.
L'installation de surface peut recevoir:
- du premier moyen au moins une mesure suivante : poids sur l'outil de forage, couple à l'outil, accélération suivant au moins une direction, moment fléchissant dans au moins un plan, champ magnétique suivant au moins une direction, pression et température internes et externes à la garniture, accélération en rotation,
- du deuxième moyen au moins une mesure suivante : pression interne, couple, accélération suivant au moins une direction, tension, accélération en rotation.
- of the first means at least one following measurement: weight on the drilling tool, torque on the tool, acceleration in at least one direction, bending moment in at least one plane, magnetic field in at least one direction, internal pressure and temperature and external to the lining, acceleration in rotation,
- of the second means at least one following measurement: internal pressure, torque, acceleration in at least one direction, tension, acceleration in rotation.
On peut relier l'installation de surface à au moins un autre capteur situé sur l'appareil de forage en surface et son signal peut être synchronisé avec les autres signaux.The surface installation can be connected to at least one other sensor located on the surface drilling rig and its signal can be synchronized with the other signals.
La méthode et/ou l'ensemble selon l'invention peuvent être appliqués à l'analyse du comportement dynamique d'une garniture de forage en cours d'opération de forage rotary et à l'optimisation des paramètres de forage.The method and / or the assembly according to the invention can be applied to the analysis of the dynamic behavior of a drill string during rotary drilling operation and to the optimization of the drilling parameters.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront clairement à la lecture de la description d'exemples, nullement limitatifs, illustrés par la figure unique annexée qui représente schématiquement l'architecture du système d'acquisition.The invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear clearly on reading the description of examples, in no way limiting, illustrated by the single appended figure which schematically represents the architecture of the acquisition system.
La référence 2 désigne l'outil de forage descendu à l'aide de la garniture dans le puits 1. Des masses-tiges 3 conventionnelles sont vissées au dessus de l'outil. Le premier moyen de mesure est constitué par un raccord 4, généralement placé au-dessus de l'outil 2 où les mesures à proximité de l'outil sont plus intéressantes, notamment pour suivre la dynamique de l'outil. On pourra cependant, le placer au sein ou au sommet des masses-tiges, ou même au niveau des tiges de forage.The
La garniture de forage est complétée par des tiges conventionnelles 7 jusqu'au raccord de suspension et de connexion 8. Au dessus de ce raccord, l'allongement du train de tiges se poursuit en ajoutant des tiges câblées 9.The drill string is completed by
Les tiges câblées 9 ne seront pas décrites dans ce document, car elles sont connues de l'art antérieur, notamment par les brevets FR-2530876, US-4806115 ou la demande FR-2656747.The
Le deuxième moyen de mesure placé dans un raccord 10 est vissé sous la tige d'entraînement 11 ou "kelly". Les ajouts de tiges câblées se faisant alors sous ce raccord 10. Au-dessus de la tige d'entraînement 10 se trouve un raccord électrique tournant 12, lequel est électriquement connecté à l'installation de surface 13 par un câble 14.The second measuring means placed in a
Dans le cas où l'appareil de forage est équipé d'une tête d'injection motorisée, communément dénommée "power swivel", il n'y a pas de tige d'entraînement et le raccord de mesure 10 est vissé directement sous le raccord tournant 12, lequel se situe sous la tête d'injection motorisée.In the case where the drilling rig is equipped with a motorized injection head, commonly known as "power swivel", there is no drive rod and the measuring
Le raccord de mesure 4 comporte un connecteur mâle 6, dont les contacts sont reliés aux capteurs de mesure et à l'électronique associée incluse dans le raccord 4The
Un câble 5, équivalent à un câble de diagraphie différée, comporte à sont extrémité inférieure un connecteur femelle 15 adapté à coopérer avec le connecteur 6. L'autre extrémité supérieure du câble 5 est suspendue sur le raccord 8. Le raccord 8 est adapté à suspendre la longueur de câble 5 et à relier électriquement le ou les conducteurs du câble 5 avec la ou les liaisons électriques de la tige câblée immédiatement supérieure. La liaison électrique fournie par les tiges câblées est référencée 16. Cette liaison électrique transite en 17 dans le deuxième raccord de mesure 10.A
Lorsque l'on utilise une tige d'entraînement 11, celle-ci est également câblées en comportant deux câbles électriques 18 et 19. L'un, 18, relie le deuxième raccord 10 aux contacts tournant du raccord tournant 12, l'autre, 19, relie la ligne 17 à d'autres contacts tournant du raccord 12.When a
Le raccord électrique tournant 12 peut comporter 12 pistes. Il est conçu pour respecter les normes d'antidéflagrance exigées dans l'environnement d'un plancher de forage.The rotary
Le câble de surface 14 peut comporter au moins six conducteurs.The
Le raccord 4 est en général relié par un mono conducteur jusqu'à l'installation de surface 13. Les mesures et l'alimentation en énergie électrique transitent par la même ligne.The
Le moyen de mesure du raccord 4 comporte de préférence des capteurs pour mesurer, seul ou en combinaison:
- le poids sur l'outil,
- le couple réactif à l'outil de forage,
- les moments fléchissants suivant deux plans orthogonaux,
- les accélérations suivant trois axes orthogonaux dont l'un est confondu avec l'axe longitudinal de la garniture de forage,
- les température et pression à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la garniture,
- l'accélération en rotation,
- les composantes du champ magnétique.
- the weight on the tool,
- the reactive torque to the drilling tool,
- bending moments in two orthogonal planes,
- accelerations along three orthogonal axes, one of which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the drill string,
- the temperature and pressure inside and outside the packing,
- acceleration in rotation,
- components of the magnetic field.
Les trois premières mesures peuvent être obtenues par des jauges de contraintes collées sur un cylindre d'épreuve. Elles sont protégées de la pression par un carter approprié. La conception et le montage de ce carter sont adaptés à éviter les erreurs de mesure dues aux rendements.The first three measurements can be obtained by strain gauges glued to a test cylinder. They are protected from pressure by an appropriate casing. The design and mounting of this housing are adapted to avoid measurement errors due to yields.
Les accélérations sont mesurées par deux accéléromètres par axe afin de contrôler les erreurs induites par la dynamique de la rotation.Accelerations are measured by two accelerometers per axis in order to control the errors induced by the dynamics of the rotation.
Le dernier jeu de mesure est obtenu par des capteurs spécifiques montés dans une partie séparée du raccord.The last measurement set is obtained by specific sensors mounted in a separate part of the fitting.
Les ordres de grandeur des caractéristiques mécaniques du premier raccord 4 sont par exemple:
- diamètre extérieur: 20,3 cm (8 à 8,25 pouces),
- longueur: 9 m,
- résistance à la traction/compression: 150 tf,
- résistance en torsion : 4000 m.daN,
- résistance en flexion: 7500 m.daN,
- pression interne et externe : 75 MPa,
- température : 80 °C.
- outside diameter: 20.3 cm (8 to 8.25 inch),
- length: 9 m,
- tensile / compression strength: 150 tf,
- torsional strength: 4000 da.Nm,
- flexural strength: 7500 da.Nm,
- internal and external pressure: 75 MPa,
- temperature: 80 ° C.
Le deuxième moyen de mesure du raccord de mesure 10 comporte de préférence, seul ou en combinaison, des capteurs de mesure de :
- tension,
- torsion,
- accélération axiale,
- pression interne ou pression de refoulement aux pompes,
- accélération en rotation.
- voltage,
- torsion,
- axial acceleration,
- internal pressure or discharge pressure at the pumps,
- acceleration in rotation.
La conception de ce raccord de surface 10 n'est pas fondamentalement différente de celle du premier raccord, si ce n'est l'obligation de laisser libre un passage de boue disposé sensiblement coaxial à l'espace intérieur de la garniture pour permettre, si nécessaire, le transfert d'un outil à l'intérieur de la garniture.The design of this surface fitting 10 is not fundamentally different from that of the first fitting, except for the obligation to leave a free passage of mud arranged substantially coaxial with the interior space of the lining to allow, if necessary, the transfer of a tool inside the packing.
Les ordres de grandeur des caractéristiques mécaniques du deuxième raccord 10 sont par exemple:
- diamètre extérieur: 20,3 cm (8 à 8,25 pouces),
- longueur: 1,5 m (5 pieds),
- résistance à la traction : 350 tf,
- résistance en torsion : 7000 m.daN,
- pression interne/externe: 75/50 MPa
- outside diameter: 20.3 cm (8 to 8.25 inch),
- length: 1.5 m (5 feet),
- tensile strength: 350 tf,
- torsional strength: 7000 da.Nm,
- internal / external pressure: 75/50 MPa
Dans une variante du système d'acquisition selon l'invention, une haute fréquence de transmission des mesures est obtenue par des liaisons électriques constituées par le câble 5, la ligne 16 et 17, et le câble de surface 14. Certains capteurs de fond qui ne nécessitent pas d'échantillonnage haute fréquence, pourront transmettre leurs mesures par d'autres voies, par exemple onde de pression ou onde électromagnétique.In a variant of the acquisition system according to the invention, a high frequency of transmission of the measurements is obtained by electrical connections constituted by the
Dans une variante simplifiée de ce système, seuls les capteurs de surface inclus dans le deuxième raccord et éventuellement les autres capteurs de l'appareil de forage seront reliés électriquement à l'installation de surface. Les capteurs du premier raccord sont alors en liaison avec la surface par une autre voie de transmission, par exemple celles citées plus haut. Bien entendu, l'installation de surface reste adaptée à synchroniser au moins une mesure de fond avec certaines mesures de surface.In a simplified variant of this system, only the surface sensors included in the second fitting and possibly the other sensors of the drilling rig will be electrically connected to the surface installation. The sensors of the first connection are then connected to the surface by another transmission channel, for example those mentioned above. Of course, the surface installation remains suitable for synchronizing at least one background measurement with certain surface measurements.
On restera dans le cadre de cette invention, si la liaison entre le deuxième raccord et l'intallation de surface est autre qu'électrique, par exemple par voie hertzienne, ou optique.It will remain within the scope of this invention, if the connection between the second fitting and the surface installation is other than electrical, for example by radio, or optical.
Les unités d'acquisition des données comprennent capteurs, amplificateurs et filtres. S'ils sont nécessaires, des préamplificateurs seront de préférence placés aussi près que possible des capteurs afin d'éviter les bruits de fond. Des mémoires analogiques, sous forme de cinq échantilloneurs/bloqueurs permettent notamment l'acquisition de cinq canaux dans le même instant et sous la même adresse.The data acquisition units include sensors, amplifiers and filters. If necessary, preamplifiers should preferably be placed as close as possible to the sensors in order to avoid background noise. Analog memories, in the form of five samplers / blockers allow in particular the acquisition of five channels at the same time and under the same address.
Cet exemple de construction autorise un synchronisme très précis entre cinq paramètres. Entre les deux raccords ou les autres capteurs de surface, le principe de synchronisation consiste à bloquer les mémoires analogiques en même temps. C'est l'installation de surface qui pilote la synchronisation, lorsqu'elle reçoit du premier raccord un groupe de cinq mesures et son adresse, celle-ci envoie alors au second raccord l'ordre d'acquisition de ses propres mesures. La précision de la synchronisation est bien entendue dépendante des longueurs de lignes des liaisons et de la vitesse de traitement dans l'installation, mais cette précision reste excellente et dans tous les cas de figure de l'ordre de la milliseconde, mais préférentiellement inférieure à cette valeur.This construction example allows very precise synchronism between five parameters. Between the two connections or the other surface sensors, the synchronization principle consists in blocking the analog memories at the same time. It is the surface installation which controls synchronization, when it receives from the first connection a group of five measurements and its address, this then sends to the second connection the order to acquire its own measurements. The precision of the synchronization is of course dependent on the line lengths of the links and of the processing speed in the installation, but this precision remains excellent and in all cases of the order of a millisecond, but preferably less than this value.
Lorsqu'il y a d'autres capteurs de surface reliés à l'installation de surface 13, par exemple un capteur de rotation situé sur le raccord tournant 12, un capteur de déplacement du crochet de forage, ou encore certains capteurs de la cabine de surveillance géologique, la synchronisation des mesures fournies par ces capteurs est avantageusement possible. C'est le deuxième raccord qui déclenche l'ordre d'acquisition de ces autres capteurs, bien entendu par la voie de l'installation de surface.When there are other surface sensors connected to the
Les deux ou trois flux de données provenant des deux raccords et des capteurs de surface, sont enregistrés ensemble et sauvegardés par l'installation de surface 13.The two or three data streams coming from the two fittings and the surface sensors are recorded together and saved by the
L'installation de surface comporte principalement, un calculateur, un écran de contrôle, des moyens de stockage des données, des enregistreurs et une unité d'alimentation électrique. Les deux raccords peuvent être alimentés par les conducteurs électriques sous 130 VAC à 50 ou 400 Hz.The surface installation mainly comprises a computer, a control screen, data storage means, recorders and a power supply unit. Both connections can be supplied by electrical conductors at 130 VAC at 50 or 400 Hz.
Toutes les données sont codées en binaire et multiplexées avant l'envoi par la voie de transmission.All data is binary coded and multiplexed before sending over the transmission channel.
La transmission électrique permet d'atteindre 30 kbits par seconde sur une longueur de ligne d'environ 3000 mètres. La fréquence de transmission des groupes comprenant cinq mesures et l'adresse peut être de 400 Hz avec une résolution de 10 bits. Cet arrangement permet de transmettre quatres signaux à la fréquence maximale et les autres à des fréquences inférieures.The electrical transmission achieves 30 kbits per second over a line length of around 3000 meters. The transmission frequency of the groups comprising five measurements and the address can be 400 Hz with a resolution of 10 bits. This arrangement makes it possible to transmit four signals at the maximum frequency and the others at lower frequencies.
Avec une résolution de 12 bits, la fréquence maximale sera de 360 Hz.With a resolution of 12 bits, the maximum frequency will be 360 Hz.
Un exemple de mode opératoire du système selon l'invention va maintenant être décrit.An example of the operating mode of the system according to the invention will now be described.
On souhaite faire des mesures pendant toute ou partie d'une phase de forage exécutée par un outil neuf. L'outil précédent a atteint une certaine profondeur. On assemble, à l'aide de l'appareil de forage, l'outil 2, le premier raccord 4 muni du connecteur mâle 6 et les masses-tiges 3. On descend jusqu'au fond du puits cet ensemble, en assemblant des tiges de forage conventionnelles. Lors que l'outil est proche du fond, on visse sur l'extrémité supérieure de la présente garniture, le raccord de suspension 8.We wish to make measurements during all or part of a drilling phase performed by a new tool. The previous tool has reached a certain depth. Using the drilling rig, assemble the
A l'aide d'un treuil auxiliaire, on descend à l'intérieur de la garniture, le câble 5 muni à son extrémité inférieure du connecteur femelle 15 et du lest indispensable. On connecte le câble 5 sur le raccord de mesure 4 et on suspend le câble 5 sur le raccord 8. On effectue manuellement ou automatiquement la liaison entre le conducteur électrique du câble et le moyen solidaire du raccord 8 adapté à faire le contact avec la première tige câblée qui sera ajoutée. A la fin de cette procédure, la garniture comportant le premier raccord est donc suspendue à la table de rotation et comporte également une liaison électrique avec le raccord de mesure 4.Using an auxiliary winch, one descends inside the lining, the
Parallèlement, le raccord tournant 12 est installé sur la tige d'entraînement câblée 11 ou sous la tête d'injection motorisée. L'installation de surface 13 est reliée au raccord tournant par le câble 14. Le deuxième raccord 10 est vissé, soit sous ladite tige d'entraînement, soit directement sous le raccord tournant dans le cas d'utilisation d'une tête d'injection motorisée.In parallel, the
Le forage en rotary ou au moteur de fond, et conjointement l'acquisition des mesures, peuvent débuter suivant les deux cas :
- en forant la longueur de la tige d'entraînement,
la ligne 17 étant reliée au raccord 4 grâce à la connexion du deuxième raccord 10 sur le raccord de suspension 8, - ou en ajoutant une tige câblée 9, lorsque l'équipement comprend une tête d'injection motorisée ou que le forage est exécuté avec un moteur de fond de puits.
- by drilling the length of the drive rod, the
line 17 being connected to theconnector 4 by connecting thesecond connector 10 to the suspension connector 8, - or by adding a
wired rod 9, when the equipment comprises a motorized injection head or when drilling is carried out with a downhole motor.
La poursuite de l'opération se fait en ajoutant des tiges câblées tant que l'on souhaite avoir une liaison électrique avec le premier raccord de mesure 4.The operation is continued by adding wired rods as long as one wishes to have an electrical connection with the
Cette invention n'est pas limitée à la disposition ci-dessus décrite, bien que préférentielle, où les deux raccords de mesure sont placés, l'un proche de l'outil, l'autre proche de la surface. En effet, l'objet du dispositif et de la méthode selon l'invention se trouve également pour analyser le comportement dynamique d'une portion de la garniture. A cet effet, on disposera les deux raccords de mesure à chaque extrémité de la portion de garniture à étudier. Par portion de garniture, il faut comprendre au moins une longueur d'un élément tubulaire, tige ou masse-tige d'environ 9 mètres. Dans le cas où le deuxième raccord est éloignée de la surface, sa liaison avec la surface pourra se faire préférentiellement avec les tiges câblées. Alors, les tiges câblées comprises entre la surface et le deuxième raccord seront une voie de transmission commune pour les deux raccords. Bien entendu, lesdits raccords de mesure seront adaptés à ce mode de transmission.This invention is not limited to the arrangement described above, although it is preferred, where the two measurement fittings are placed, one close to the tool, the other close to the surface. In fact, the object of the device and of the method according to the invention is also to analyze the dynamic behavior of a portion of the lining. For this purpose, we will have the two measurement connections at each end of the portion of packing to be studied. For each portion of the filling, it is necessary to understand at least a length of a tubular element, rod or drill collar of approximately 9 meters. In the case where the second connector is distant from the surface, its connection with the surface may preferably be made with the wired rods. Then, the wired rods between the surface and the second fitting will be a common transmission path for the two fittings. Of course, said measurement connections will be adapted to this mode of transmission.
Bien que la présente invention soit particulièrement adaptée aux conditions de forage rotary, c'est à dire que la garniture est entrainée en rotation par une motorisation en surface, le forage avec un moteur de fond n'est pas du tout exclu de l'application de cet ensemble de mesure.Although the present invention is particularly suitable for rotary drilling conditions, that is to say that the lining is rotated by a surface motor, drilling with a downhole motor is not at all excluded from the application of this measurement set.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9202273A FR2688026B1 (en) | 1992-02-27 | 1992-02-27 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ACQUIRING PHYSICAL DATA RELATED TO A CURRENT DRILLING. |
FR9202273 | 1992-02-27 |
Publications (2)
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EP0558379A1 true EP0558379A1 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
EP0558379B1 EP0558379B1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
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EP93400401A Expired - Lifetime EP0558379B1 (en) | 1992-02-27 | 1993-02-17 | System and method for physical data acquisition during drilling |
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US (1) | US6079505A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0558379B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2090586C (en) |
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US6467341B1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Accelerometer caliper while drilling |
CN108894735A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-11-27 | 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 | Bottom pressure, temperature data acquisition pipe nipple |
CN108894735B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2024-03-12 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Bottom hole pressure and temperature data acquisition nipple |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO930674D0 (en) | 1993-02-25 |
FR2688026B1 (en) | 1994-04-15 |
US6079505A (en) | 2000-06-27 |
NO311052B1 (en) | 2001-10-01 |
NO930674L (en) | 1993-08-30 |
CA2090586A1 (en) | 1993-08-28 |
CA2090586C (en) | 2007-04-10 |
FR2688026A1 (en) | 1993-09-03 |
EP0558379B1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
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