EP0584329B1 - Apparatus and method for measuring two- or three phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for measuring two- or three phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0584329B1 EP0584329B1 EP93905570A EP93905570A EP0584329B1 EP 0584329 B1 EP0584329 B1 EP 0584329B1 EP 93905570 A EP93905570 A EP 93905570A EP 93905570 A EP93905570 A EP 93905570A EP 0584329 B1 EP0584329 B1 EP 0584329B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- pressure drop
- water
- momentum
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
Definitions
- This invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring two-phase flow (liquid/gas) or three-phase flow (liquid/liquid/gas) of fluids.
- the gas in a liquid is physically separated from the liquid, and each fluid is measured separately.
- a water-cut monitor is used to measure the amount of the water and the oil in the liquid phase.
- Two conventional single-phase flow meters are used to measure the gas and the liquid flow rates. This method can yield high accuracy, but requires gas-separating devices which are either very large or are very sensitive to flow rates and the liquid's viscosity, surface tension, etc.
- US-A-3,488,996 discloses a method of determining the oil content of a flowing stream of oil and water by measuring, during a test period, the total volume of liquid, total mass of liquid and the specific gravity of both the oil and the water separately at operating temperature and thereafter effecting calculation of the percentage oil constituent from the measurements.
- JP-A-56125621 discloses a two-phase flow measuring device which can measure the two-phase flow under high temperature and high pressure highly accurately by combining a diaphragm type density meter and a drag disc type current meter.
- An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved apparatus and method for measuring multi-phase flow by means of simple, low cost, compact equipment which has high flow rate measuring accuracy.
- Another object is to provide a novel apparatus and method for measuring multi-phase flow and which entails small pressure drops and therefore requires little pumping energy.
- flow measurement is to be achieved in gas separating which devices or densitometers or measurement of a void fraction is not necessary.
- the second and third momentum flow meter stages can be implemented by two separate momentum flow meters or by a single momentum flow meter having a venturi nozzle including at least three pressure taps for obtaining at least two differential pressure measurements.
- a water-cut meter may be provided to determine the amount of water flow, which is then used by the processor to determine the amount of oil flow. The flow rates of oil, water and gas are then displayed.
- a differential pressure measurement is taken across the first through third (and optionally fourth) stages, and means are provided to calculate and display ratios of the pressure drops of multi-phase fluids relative to the known pressure drops of fluids comprising water and air.
- FIG. 1 there is shown schematically an embodiment of the apparatus of the invention, including a volumetric flowmeter 10 serving as a first stage in which a mixture of gas and liquid flows through the volumetric flow meter 10.
- This flow meter 10 measures the total flow rate for the mixture.
- the mixture then flows through second and third stages, consisting of two momentum flow meters 12 and 14 with different dimensions (for example, two venturi flow meters with different throat diameters).
- this embodiment of the present invention forces the velocity ratio between the gas and the liquid (slip ratio) inside the apparatus to be a known value, a slip ratio of one being conveniently enforced. This is achieved through using either static or dynamic mixers or a positive displacement meter.
- the absolute pressure and temperature are measured by means of temperature transducers 16 and pressure transducers 18.
- One momentum flow meter can also be used by itself, in the instance that the liquid component's density is known.
- the data from Stages 1, 2 and 3 is transferred to a computer 20 that calculates the flow rates of the liquid and the gas components by solving equations presented hereinafter.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a more concrete embodiment of the invention for two-phase flow measurement.
- Stage 1 is an ultra-sonic flow meter 10 1 installed between two static mixers 22 and 24.
- the ultrasonic flow meter measures volumetric flow.
- Other volumetric flow meters can also be used, such as turbine, vortex shedding, magnetic, heat transfer, variable area, paddle and Coriolis volumetric flow meter.
- the static mixers 22, 24 are used to force a unitary velocity ratio between the phases.
- the absolute pressure is measured with a pressure transducer 18 in stage 1, and is calculated using differential pressure transducers 26 and 28 in stages 2 and 3.
- the two momentum flow meters shown in Figures 1 and 2 can be reduced to one, by drilling one more pressure tap along the venturi nozzle, as shown in Figure 3.
- a modified venturi flowmeter is designated by numeral 31 in Fig. 3.
- the volumetric flow meter 10 2 is a positive displacement (P.D.) type.
- P.D. positive displacement
- the advantage of using a P.D. flow meter is that it provides an exact measurement of the sum of the liquid and gas flow rates, with no slip between the gas and liquid phases inside the meter or immediately after the meter.
- the P.D. flow meter forces the slip ratio to a known amount, i.e., unity, and permits dispensing with the static mixers of the Fig. 2 embodiment.
- the differential pressure transducers 26 and 28 measure the pressure difference along the venturi nozzle.
- a three-phase flowmeter in which a mixture of oil, water and gas can be measured is constructed with the addition of a fourth stage water-cut meter.
- Figure 4 shows-a water-cut meter 32 (such as described in U.S. Patents 4,503,383 and 4,771,680) that measures the water concentration c of the mixture.
- Absolute pressure and temperature are measured in this stage by transducers 16 and 34, respectively.
- Q L and Q G are unknowns, but not the only unknowns.
- the density of the liquid is also unknown (other unknown properties of the liquid and the gas have only a minor effect on the present method, and are therefore ignored here).
- the three equations that need to be solved for the three unknowns are the following:
- Equations 2 and 3 shown here in general form, are in fact integral equations derived from the full expression of the momentum equation (see Hetsroni, G., "Handbook of Multi-Phase Systems", Chaps. 1.2, 2.1, 2.3, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, U.S.A., 1982).
- the momentum equation can be simplified to a model for one-dimensional, steady-state flow based on the Separated Two-Phase Flow model (see Hetsroni, G., supra) and can integrate from the first tap of the venturi to the second tap: and from the first tap of the venturi to the third tap:
- Equations 4 and 5 are solved using known numerical analysis techniques.
- the selection of a particular numerical analysis technique is based on a trade-off between accuracy and speed of execution, and is a function also of the availability of fast and economic computation devices.
- the relative merits of some techniques are discussed in Scheid, "Theory and Problems of Numerical Analysis", Schaum's Outline Series, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1968.
- the technique most appropriate for equations 4 and 5, today, is the Runge-Kutta method described in Chapter 19 of Scheid, supra. It is anticipated, however, that the development of cheaper and faster computation devices, or more efficient or more accurate methods of solving integral equations, will suggest other techniques to be utilized in the future.
- a method well suited for solving the set of equations 1, 4 and 5 is the Newton method described in Chapter 25 of Scheid.
- Figure 5 shows how the multi-phase flow meter can also be used to predict pressure drops for different multi-phase fluids in different piping devices.
- the addition of differential pressure transducer (36) provides measurement of the pressure drop across the meter.
- a look-up table is generated, which contains the measured pressure drop across the meter when different proportions and rates of water and air are flowed through it.
- the look-up table is a matrix of values of ⁇ P water/air for different values of Q air and Q water .
- stages 1, 2 and 3 measure Q G and Q L
- stage 5 measures the differential pressure across the meter ( ⁇ p fluid ).
- the ⁇ p water/air that corresponds to the equivalent air and water values for the measured Q G and Q L of the working fluid is then looked up in the above-noted look-up table, and the pressure drop ratio is calculated.
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart that summarizes the process in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention.
- step 100 the output of the volumetric flow meter 10, Q PD , is measured.
- step 110 differential pressure, p 1 -p 2 , is measured.
- step 120 the differential pressure p 1 -p 3 is measured.
- step 130 the water-cut, c, is measured.
- the outputs of the steps 100, 110 and 120 are fed to the computer 20 which then at step 140 calculates Q L , Q G and ⁇ L , solving equations 1, 4 and 5 and utilizing equations 6-9.
- step 150 Q water and Q oil are calculated utilizing equations 10-12, and in step 160, the results of the various calculations performed as thus far described, Q G , Q water and Q oil are displayed.
- Figure 6 also illustrates steps by which the ratio ⁇ p fluid / ⁇ p water/air is determined.
- ⁇ p fluid is measured by means of the sensor 36 shown in Figure 5.
- step 180 a look-up table is utilized to determine ⁇ p water/air , based on the values of Q L and Q G determined in step 140.
- step 190 the ratio of ⁇ p fluid , determined in step 170 and ⁇ p water/air , determined in step 180, is determined and likewise displayed in step 160.
Description
Claims (17)
- An apparatus for measuring flow rates of gas and liquid components in a fluid flowing in a flow path, comprising:
volumetric flow meter means (10) arranged to measure a total flow rate for said fluid and to output a corresponding total flow rate signal;
characterised by:momentum flow meter means (12,14;31) coupled in series in said flow path with said volumetric flow meter means (10) for measuring the momentum flux of said fluid at first and second points in said flow path and for outputting respective first and second momentum signals;processor means (20) coupled to said volumetric flow meter means (10) and said momentum flow meter means (12,14;31) arranged to determine the flow rate of said gas component and the flow rate of said liquid component by solving predetermined equations for total flow and momentum or energy utilizing said total flow rate signal and said first and second momentum signals; andindicator means for displaying the determined flow rates of said gas and liquid components. - An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised by forcing means (10;22,24) arranged to force a known velocity ratio between said gas component and said liquid component in said flow path.
- An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that said forcing means (10;22,24) comprises one or more static mixer and/or dynamic mixer (22, 24).
- An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that said forcing means (10;22,24) comprises first and second mixers (22, 24) respectively coupled in series at an input and an output of said volumetric flow meter means (10).
- An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that said volumetric flow meter means (10) and said forcing means comprise a positive displacement flow meter.
- An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that said momentum flow meter means comprises first and second venturi flow meters (12, 14) having different throat dimensions.
- An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that said momentum flow meter means (12,14;31) comprises a venturi flow meter (31) having a venturi nozzle including plural pressure measuring taps for obtaining at least two differential pressure measurements.
- An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said momentum flow meter means (12,14;31) comprise drag-disk flow meters having different paddle dimensions.
- An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim characterised by:water-cut meter means (32) for measuring an amount of water in said liquid component and for outputting a corresponding water-cut signal;said processor means (20) being adapted to determine flow rates of a gas constituent, a water constituent, and a further constituent of said liquid in said fluid component based on said water-cut signal and the determined liquid and gas flow rates.
- An apparatus as claimed in claim 9 characterised by said indicator means being for displaying the determined flow rates of said water constituent and said further constituent.
- An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised by means (18,26,28,30) for measuring a pressure drop across the series flow path of said volumetric flow meter means (10) and said momentum flow meter means (12,14;31) and producing a corresponding pressure drop signal; memory means adapted to store a table of differential pressure drops as a function of plural values of air flow rate and water flow rate through said series flow path; means adapted to select from said table stored in said memory means a corresponding differential pressure drop based on the measured gas and liquid flow rates; means adapted to calculate a pressure drop ratio of said pressure drop signal and the selected differential pressure drop and outputting a corresponding pressure drop ratio signal; and means adapted to multiply said pressure drop ratio signal with a predetermined signal indicative of a pressure drop of an air/water mixture through a different flow path to determine a pressure drop of said fluid in said different flow path.
- A method of measuring flow rates of gas and liquid components in a fluid flowing in a series flow path, comprising the steps of:measuring a total flow rate in said flow path and outputting a corresponding total flow rate signal; characterised by the steps of:measuring the momentum flux of said fluid at first and second points in said series flow path and outputting respective first and second momentum signals;determining the flow rate of said gas component and the flow rate of said liquid component by solving predetermined equations for total flow and momentum or energy utilizing said total flow rate signal and said first and second momentum signals; anddisplaying the determined flow rates of said liquid and gas components.
- A method as claimed in claim 12, characterised by forcing a known velocity ratio between said gas component and said liquid component in said flow path.
- A method as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13, characterised by the steps of measuring an amount of water in said liquid component and outputting a corresponding water-cut signal; and determining flow rates of a gas constituent, a water constituent, and a further constituent of said liquid component in said fluid based on said water-cut signal and the determined liquid and gas flow rates.
- A method as claimed in claim 14 characterised by the step of displaying the determined flow rates of said water constituent and said further constituent.
- A method as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 14, characterised by the steps of measuring a pressure drop across said series flow path and producing a corresponding pressure drop signal; storing a table of differential pressure drops as a function of plural values of air flow rate and water flow rate through said series flow path; selecting from the stored table a corresponding differential pressure drop based on the measured gas and liquid flow rates; calculating a pressure drop ratio of said pressure drop signal and the selected differential pressure drop and outputting a corresponding pressure drop ratio signal; and multiplying said pressure drop ratio signal with a predetermined signal indicative of a pressure drop of an air/water mixture through a different flow path to determine a pressure drop of said fluid in said different flow path.
- A method as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 16, characterised by the step of by forcing a known velocity ratio between said gas component and said liquid component in said flow path.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96201697A EP0738880B1 (en) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-03-11 | Apparatus and method for measuring two- or three- phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US852554 | 1992-03-17 | ||
US07/852,554 US5461930A (en) | 1992-03-17 | 1992-03-17 | Apparatus and method for measuring two-or three-phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter |
PCT/GB1993/000516 WO1993019347A1 (en) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-03-11 | Apparatus and method for measuring two- or three phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96201697A Division EP0738880B1 (en) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-03-11 | Apparatus and method for measuring two- or three- phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0584329A1 EP0584329A1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
EP0584329B1 true EP0584329B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
Family
ID=25313626
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93905570A Expired - Lifetime EP0584329B1 (en) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-03-11 | Apparatus and method for measuring two- or three phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter |
EP96201697A Expired - Lifetime EP0738880B1 (en) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-03-11 | Apparatus and method for measuring two- or three- phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96201697A Expired - Lifetime EP0738880B1 (en) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-03-11 | Apparatus and method for measuring two- or three- phase fluid flow utilizing one or more momentum flow meters and a volumetric flow meter |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US5461930A (en) |
EP (2) | EP0584329B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2790260B2 (en) |
AU (2) | AU668920B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2103254C (en) |
DE (2) | DE69332546D1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1008439A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO308015B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2079816C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993019347A1 (en) |
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- 1993-03-11 DE DE69332546T patent/DE69332546D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1993-03-11 RU RU9393058387A patent/RU2079816C1/en active
- 1993-03-11 AU AU36457/93A patent/AU668920B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-11-16 NO NO934151A patent/NO308015B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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CA2103254A1 (en) | 1993-09-18 |
AU678126B2 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
NO308015B1 (en) | 2000-07-03 |
AU3645793A (en) | 1993-10-21 |
NO934151L (en) | 1994-01-17 |
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JPH06510369A (en) | 1994-11-17 |
AU6212296A (en) | 1996-10-24 |
USRE36597E (en) | 2000-03-07 |
DE69318775D1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
CA2103254C (en) | 1999-02-02 |
HK1008439A1 (en) | 1999-05-07 |
US5461930A (en) | 1995-10-31 |
AU668920B2 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
RU2079816C1 (en) | 1997-05-20 |
JP2790260B2 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
EP0584329A1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
US5551305A (en) | 1996-09-03 |
EP0738880B1 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
DE69332546D1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
WO1993019347A1 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
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