EP0617152B1 - Face-to-face fabric with variable trickness, process of manufacturing and applications - Google Patents
Face-to-face fabric with variable trickness, process of manufacturing and applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0617152B1 EP0617152B1 EP94101887A EP94101887A EP0617152B1 EP 0617152 B1 EP0617152 B1 EP 0617152B1 EP 94101887 A EP94101887 A EP 94101887A EP 94101887 A EP94101887 A EP 94101887A EP 0617152 B1 EP0617152 B1 EP 0617152B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- face
- pile thread
- fabric according
- face fabric
- pile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
- D03D11/02—Fabrics formed with pockets, tubes, loops, folds, tucks or flaps
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
- D03D27/02—Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
- D03D27/10—Fabrics woven face-to-face, e.g. double velvet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
- D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/01—Surface features
- D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
- D10B2403/0112—One smooth surface, e.g. laminated or coated
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
- D10B2403/0242—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing chemical properties
- D10B2403/02421—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing chemical properties containing particulate matter, e.g. powder or granulate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/03—Shape features
- D10B2403/033—Three dimensional fabric, e.g. forming or comprising cavities in or protrusions from the basic planar configuration, or deviations from the cylindrical shape as generally imposed by the fabric forming process
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/04—Filters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/08—Upholstery, mattresses
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/12—Vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/43—Knitted filter mediums
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23921—With particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23986—With coating, impregnation, or bond
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249962—Void-containing component has a continuous matrix of fibers only [e.g., porous paper, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to spacer textile material, its manufacture and use, in particular as a replacement for plastic materials with foamed parts or multi-layer textiles.
- Plastic material with foamed parts is large Importance in technology. You have a good one Insulation ability due to the large amount of air. Becomes foamed an elastic plastic, the product can e.g. B. used for upholstery, for seats, backrests etc., or for vehicle headlining, which in the case of a Accident the occupants from the worst consequences of the collision need to protect with the roof structure. Foamed Materials can also be absorbent and then u. a. also in the medical sector as bandages or in Incontinence area apply.
- Another known problem is that foamed Materials often for stabilization or from aesthetic Reasons had to be superficially disguised. For this it was necessary to manufacture the surface material separately and to connect with the foam, or this to introduce a shell from the surface material.
- GB 2009 266 A shows a two-ply layer running on one level Knitted fabric, comprising an upper and a lower cover layer made of knitted material, which by a pile thread structure are interconnected.
- the top layers and the The pile thread structure consists of knitwear.
- Such a textile material can be used as a cushion cover, for example. The possibility of producing three-dimensional textile structures is not disclosed in this document.
- the spacer textile material basically consists of two Cover layers 1 and 2, preferably made of knitted fabric, through a pile thread structure 3 are connected.
- Such spacer textile materials and their manufacture on weaving machines are z. B. known for the production of carpets, at which, however, the pile thread structure is severed and then forms the top of the carpet. It will therefore continue did not go into detail about the manufacture. Surprised is the realization that the spacer textile material can easily replace foams, and these in even exceeds the adjustability of the properties, as will be explained below.
- the known Multi-layer textile materials shows the inventive Material once the advantage of the integral Production, the additional, complex connection step omitted, the individual layers with exactly predictable structural offset, especially exactly parallel, can be created. Through the pile thread structure larger thicknesses are also possible, without or only with slightly increased use of materials.
- Fig. 2-6 show some preferred embodiments of the invention in schemes in which the pile thread course with respect of the needles that are used to produce the cover layers 1, 2 entirely or used in part as knitwear, and / or the warp threads 4 in the cover layers 1, 2 is shown.
- the cover layers are themselves not shown.
- the following is the explanation of the simplicity half in terms of knitwear accordingly the preferred embodiment, thereby accomplishing the invention but is not restricted.
- the cover layers containing woven portions are the corresponding ones To use equivalents from weaving technology, like warp thread for needle or chopsticks, weft for Row etc.
- the pile thread 5 is over three needles (or warp threads) of a cover layer 1 out and connected with it. Over six needles the pile thread 5 is then freely guided to the other cover layer 6 and then tied into it again with three needles. Overall, the pile thread 5 is over some, here three, needles in a cover layer is then over a certain, preferably larger, number Needles led to the other top layer, bound there etc.
- the binding width and the length of the pile thread for the change from one to the other top layer can do that the respective purpose can be adapted within wide limits.
- Another option is to have only one top layer to be made from thermally contractible material.
- thermally contractible material you can materials used on other chemical and / or physical influences with a change in length react.
- Fig. 3 shows sawtooth-like pile threads, which a particularly result in voluminous filling volume. To slip To prevent the two cover layers, the pile threads advantageously opposed in a certain rhythm.
- Fig. 4 also shows a sawtooth-shaped laying of the pile thread 5, namely here alternating with two other pile thread courses 6, which occupy the remaining needles 4, optionally in the same or in subsequent rows.
- Fig. 5 shows a structure, the one with two pile thread structures 9, 10 held middle layer 8.
- the Structure can by the two different pole structures 9, 10 have different behavior towards the two sides. It is also possible e.g. B. below the upper row of needles 1 shear off, approximately along the shear line 11, after which there is a plush surface on this side. With an additional treatment such as roughening the surface be further adapted to the intended use.
- the second The pile thread structure 10 connects the narrower division of the middle layer 8 with the further division of the lower cover layer 2.
- 7 shows an extension, in which a further pile thread structure 12 is present, so that there are two hidden middle layers 14, 15.
- the rows of needles the other cover layers 14, 15 and 2 have the same Division.
- Middle layers can be knitted, woven or mixed forms be in all known variants.
- Middle layers can also be used for knitted fabrics with modern machines typical wrapping of the warp threads for integration the pile threads are carried out, or the pile threads are integrated with one of the well-known web bindings.
- All known today are suitable as starting materials and thread materials that can be processed on the machines mentioned, such as mono-, multifilaments and multi-component filaments. Natural and are suitable as the base material synthetic fibers, but also e.g. B. wires or mineral Material such as glass or stone fibers.
- the thread material can still be wound, encased, wound and / or be superficially coated. Warp threads are especially with natural fibers, preferably before Processing finished and the spacer textile material desized again.
- the pile thread structure carries that for foamed materials characteristic features to the most important ones name: large amount of air, elastic behavior, absorbency.
- Material or post-treatment can be one of the properties also be brought to the fore.
- natural fibers in particular can also be realize a skin-friendly textile material with high absorbency, making it, for example, in the area of inconsistency or usable as an underlay against bedsores in hospitals is.
- the pile thread material can also be chemical or physical methods subsequently reversible or be irreversibly changeable.
- Use as an example of a temperature sensitive material in the pile thread structure specify the z. B. when the temperature rises its length changes. This results in a spacer material the thickness of which is temperature-dependent, so that z. Legs Insulation effect can be automatically adjusted to the temperature can. The material can not or only partially react reversibly.
- a major advantage of the spacer textile material is that a large number of adaptations to the intended use can be carried out simultaneously with the manufacture.
- the simplest option is to choose the thread material or other classic manufacturing process parameters.
- the mechanical and physiological properties can thus be varied within wide limits.
- a stiffer thread material for the pile thread structure increases the impact absorption capacity, and vice versa.
- the pile thread density ie the number of threads per m 2
- An application generally arises as filling, cushioning or insulating material, for example in the automotive or clothing industry. Since the length of the pile threads and thus the thickness of the spacer textile material can also be changed without any problems during manufacture, it is possible to produce upholstery which is adapted to a body shape or compensates for it.
- a filling material in particular, can already be produced during manufacture a solid, e.g. B. present in granular or powder form, are introduced into the pile thread structure, whereby even with large lengths made in one piece results in an even distribution of the filler.
- Conceivable is also the filler in a suitable manner after the production of the spacer textile material by heat, To activate radiation etc., either to convert it into a to transfer another form fulfilling a certain function, or with its help the properties of the pile thread structure or to change the top layers from the inside.
- the spacer textile material can also be retrofitted can be coated and / or the pile threads can be superficial modified to perform. Other influencing options are accessible to the person skilled in the art from what has been said above and are included in the idea of the invention.
- the spacer textile material can also be used as a filter material serve, with appropriate pretreatment of the thread material for the pile thread structure and / or aftertreatment of the spacer textile material still have special properties can be trained.
- Activated carbon is blown in or already during production of the pile thread structure. That too Introduction of a catalyst using one of the methods mentioned is possible. Applications arise e.g. B. in the area air, gas and dust filters and chemical process technology.
- Another possibility is to soak the pile thread structure or the entire spacer textile material, which, depending on the type and amount of impregnation material, more a covering of the threads or filling in the Voids. All materials can be between a large-volume material with a high proportion of air and coated Threads up to a completely filled body, e.g. B. made in the manner of a fiber composite article become.
- a hardening impregnating agent such as a resin, synthetic resin, thermoplastic etc. allows the production of one according to the curing stiffened textile material with the other manufacturing parameters adjustable air percentage.
- the spacer textile material can according to the thickness and the material the requirements profile freely within a wide range, but well-defined can be set.
- a partial soak can be used to modify behavior compared to that stroking through the pile thread structure
- Medium in particular liquids or gases, are used, e.g. B. filters to separate certain substances, or for catalytic effects, or it can be mechanical Properties of the spacer textile material changed become.
- a spacer textile material stabilized in this way, still a rather loose pile thread structure has, for. B. for ventilation purposes find, or in applications with increased mechanical Requirements, especially regarding tensile strength and shock absorption. Also a multiple treatment is conceivable.
- the spacer textile material can also be used by such treatment in addition to Choice of suitable material resistant to environmental influences be made like heat (fire) or aggressive chemical substances, and because of its insulating effect and Absorbency in protective clothing and other technical Linings, such as B. machine covers, use Find.
- a three-dimensional shape is limited by varying the pile thread length, density and / or the Pile thread material possible. Extensive freedom of design is based on the known techniques of shaping Given knitting and knitting machines, such. B. Increase and Decrease stitches. Obviously, the shape needed no additional process step. It is also possible, a preform adapted to the later shaping to manufacture. This can later be mechanically integrated into the desired shape can be brought and fixed. A controlled one Deformation is also more appropriate in itself by choosing known thread materials possible on chemical or physical influences react, e.g. B. temperature or acidity. To fix the shape, if the inherent stability of the material is not enough, soaking once with a hardening material or one of the other usual Techniques are applied, such as. B. Heat setting.
- cover layers are woven or knitted, you can the techniques for coloring, patterning that are known and structuring can be applied. It is with it e.g. B. possible, aesthetically pleasing panels to manufacture the spacer textile material directly from the machine. Applications arise e.g. B. for interior covers of Car roofs, upholstery and other panels.
- the spacer textile material can also be coated or laminated become.
- the cover layers can e.g. B. equipped with plush be. Flocking, printing, etc. are also possible.
- Applications are foamed for all areas of application Materials or multi-layer textiles, such as filters in particular; Soundproofing; Foam substitutes, especially for laminates or tiling; Rear ventilation; Claddings; clinical and medical applications such as incontinence, avoidance of bedsores, dressings; Mattresses and blankets, Electric blankets; Shoe soles and insoles; upholstery; Spacers; climate zones: covers and covers in the vehicle sector, such as convertible tops, headliners, seat covers; two and a half dimensional products, for example reusable diaper pants.
- An interesting application of the material is the lining of wheel arches. For that, it becomes three-dimensional shaped according to the wheel arch shape or in one controlled knitting technology by increasing and decreasing stitches brought into this form.
- solidifying e.g. B water with a thermoplastic or the use of thermally curable It is made by heating in this pile thread material Fixed shape. This heating can also be advantageous happen after the material is attached to the wheel arch has been.
- a photochemical Hardening e.g. B. by ultraviolet radiation.
- the wheel the opposite side is preferably impermeable to water executed.
- Example the production of a molded body with a large amount of air made of a resin-impregnated spacer fabric.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Abstandstextilmaterial, dessen Herstellung und Verwendung, insbesondere als Ersatz von Kunststoffmaterialien mit geschäumten Anteilen oder mehrlagigen Textilien.The present invention relates to spacer textile material, its manufacture and use, in particular as a replacement for plastic materials with foamed parts or multi-layer textiles.
Kunststoffmaterial mit geschäumten Anteilen ist von grosser Bedeutung in der Technik. Sie verfügen einmal über eine gute Isolationsfähigkeit wegen des grossen Luftanteils. Wird ein elastischer Kunststoff geschäumt, kann das Produkt z. B. für Polsterungen verwendet werden, für Sitze, Lehnen usw., oder auch für Fahrzeughimmelbezüge, die im Falle eines Unfalls die Insassen vor den schlimmsten Folgen des Zusammenpralls mit der Dachkonstruktion schützen müssen. Geschäumte Materialien können auch saugfähig sein und dann u. a. auch im medizinischen Sektor als Verbandsstoffe oder im Inkontinenzbereich Anwendung finden.Plastic material with foamed parts is large Importance in technology. You have a good one Insulation ability due to the large amount of air. Becomes foamed an elastic plastic, the product can e.g. B. used for upholstery, for seats, backrests etc., or for vehicle headlining, which in the case of a Accident the occupants from the worst consequences of the collision need to protect with the roof structure. Foamed Materials can also be absorbent and then u. a. also in the medical sector as bandages or in Incontinence area apply.
Problematisch ist jedoch in jüngster Zeit die Entsorgung der geschäumten Materialien geworden. Insbesondere bei Projekten, die auf vollständige Wiederverwertbarkeit der verwendeten Materialien ausgerichtet sind, sind oft gerade die geschäumten Kunststoffe ein grosses Hindernis.However, disposal has recently been problematic of foamed materials. Especially for projects the full recyclability of the used Materials are often just that foamed plastics a major obstacle.
Ein weiteres, bekanntes Problem besteht darin, dass geschäumte Materialien oft zur Stabilisierung oder aus ästhetischen Gründen oberflächlich verkleidet werden mussten. Dazu war es nötig, das Oberflächenmaterial getrennt herzustellen und mit dem Schaumstoff zu verbinden, bzw. diesen eine Hülle aus dem Oberflächenmaterial einzuführen.Another known problem is that foamed Materials often for stabilization or from aesthetic Reasons had to be superficially disguised. For this it was necessary to manufacture the surface material separately and to connect with the foam, or this to introduce a shell from the surface material.
Ähnlich war es auch bekannt, Textilartikel grösserer Dicke durch das nachträgliche Verbinden mehrerer Lagen von Geweben und/oder Gestricken herzustellen. Das nachträgliche Verbinden macht jedoch diese Technik aufwendig und teuer und in bestimmten Anwendungen, wo exaktes, strukturparalleles Ausrichten gefordert ist, nicht anwendbar.It was similarly known, textile articles of greater thickness through the subsequent connection of several layers of fabric and / or to manufacture knitted fabrics. The afterthought Connecting, however, makes this technology complex and expensive and in certain applications, where exact, structurally parallel Alignment is required, not applicable.
Die GB 2009 266 A zeigt ein in einer Ebene verlaufendes zweilagiges Gestrick, umfassend eine obere und eine untere Deckschicht aus gestricktem Material, welche durch eine Polfadenstruktrur miteinander verbunden sind. Die Deckschichten und die Polfadenstruktur bestehen aus Strickware. Ein derartiges Textilmaterial läßt sich beispielsweise als Polsterbezug aufziehen. Die Möglichkeit der Herstellung dreidimensionaler Textilstrukturen ist in dieser Druckschrift nicht offenbart.GB 2009 266 A shows a two-ply layer running on one level Knitted fabric, comprising an upper and a lower cover layer made of knitted material, which by a pile thread structure are interconnected. The top layers and the The pile thread structure consists of knitwear. Such a textile material can be used as a cushion cover, for example. The possibility of producing three-dimensional textile structures is not disclosed in this document.
Ein derartiges Material ist im Anspruch 1 beschrieben. Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungs- und Verwendungsformen sind in den weiteren Ansprüche beschrieben.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines erfindungsgemässen Abstandstextilmaterials im Schnitt, und
- Fig. 2 bis 9
- zeigen die Polfadenbindungen einiger Ausführungsformen.
- Fig. 1
- shows the basic structure of a spacer textile material according to the invention in section, and
- 2 to 9
- show the pile thread bindings of some embodiments.
Das Abstandstextilmaterial besteht im Prinzip aus zwei
Deckschichten 1 und 2, bevorzugt aus Maschenware, die durch
eine Polfadenstruktur 3 verbunden sind. Derartige Abstandstextilmaterialien
und ihre Herstellung auf Webmaschinen
sind z. B. für die Herstellung von Teppichen bekannt, bei
denen jedoch die Polfadenstruktur durchgetrennt wird und
dann die Teppichoberseite bildet. Es wird daher im weiteren
auf die Herstellung nicht im Einzelnen eingegangen. Ueberraschend
ist die Erkenntnis, dass das Abstandstextilmaterial
ohne weiteres Schaumstoffe ersetzen kann, und diese in
der Einstellbarkeit der Eigenschaften sogar noch übertrifft,
wie unten erläutert werden wird. Gegenüber den bekannten
mehrlagigen Textilmaterialien zeigt das erfindungsgemässe
Material einmal den Vorteil, das durch die integrale
Herstellung, wobei der zusätzliche, aufwendige Verbindungsschritt
entfällt, die einzelnen Schichten mit genau
vorhersagbarem Strukturversatz, insbesondere exakt parallel,
angelegt werden können. Durch die Polfadenstruktur
sind darüber hinaus auch grössere Dicken möglich, ohne oder
nur mit geringfügig erhöhtem Materialeinsatz.The spacer textile material basically consists of two
Das Prinzip der Herstellung von Abstandstextilmaterialien auf Wirkmaschinen, wie z. B. in Kettenwirkpraxis 4 (1970) S. 19-20 beschrieben, aber auch auf Doppelgreiferwebmaschinen ist bekannt. Die bisher unbekannte, erfindungsgemässe Herstellung von Abstandstextilmaterialien auf Strickmaschinen erlaubt dagegen in wesentlich erweitertem Ausmass die Ausbildung von flächigen, zweieinhalb- und/oder dreidimensionalen Strukturen, z. B. regelmässigen oder unregelmässigen Durchbrechungen, Löchern, Schlitzen, Laschen, Noppen, Formkörpern etc. Damit wird natürlich eine nachträgliche mechanische Formgebung nicht ausgeschlossen, insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer das Material versteifenden Ausrüstung, die es beispielsweise thermisch verformbar macht. Es können auch noch zusätzliche Zwischenschichten eingefügt werden, die untereinander und mit den Deckschichten durch Polfadenstrukturen verbunden sind.The principle of the production of spacer textile materials on knitting machines, such as B. in warp knitting practice 4 (1970) P. 19-20, but also on double rapier weaving machines is known. The previously unknown, according to the invention Manufacture of spacer textile materials on knitting machines on the other hand, allows the Formation of flat, two and a half and / or three-dimensional Structures, e.g. B. regular or irregular Openings, holes, slots, tabs, knobs, Shaped bodies, etc. Of course, this is a subsequent one mechanical shaping not excluded, in particular in connection with equipment stiffening the material, which makes it thermally deformable, for example. It can also insert additional intermediate layers be through each other and with the top layers Pole thread structures are connected.
Figg. 2 bis 6 zeigen einige bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung
in Schemata, in denen der Polfadenverlauf bezüglich
der Nadeln, die zur Herstellung der Deckschichten 1, 2 ganz
oder anteilsweise als Maschenware verwandt werden, und/oder
der Kettfäden 4 in den Deckschichten 1, 2 dargestellt ist.
Aus Gründen der Übersicht sind die Deckschichten selbst
nicht dargestellt. Im weiteren wird die Erklärung der Einfachheit
halber in Begriffen der Maschenware entsprechend
der bevorzugten Ausführung ausgeführt, wodurch die Erfindung
jedoch nicht eingeschränkt wird. Bei gewobenen oder
Webanteile enthaltenden Deckschichten sind die entsprechenden
Äquivalente aus der Webtechnik sinngemäss einzusetzen,
wie Kettfaden für Nadel oder Stäbchen, Schuss für
Reihe usw. Fig. 2-6 show some preferred embodiments of the invention
in schemes in which the pile thread course with respect
of the needles that are used to produce the
In Fig. 2 ist die Polfadenstruktur nur über jede zweite Nadel (oder Kettfaden) 4 geführt. Zur Verfestigung ist ein zweiter Polfaden 6 versetzt dazu geführt. Möglich ist auch eine versetztes Verlegen des Polfaden in verschiedenen Reihen, wobei auch beliebige andere Aufteilungen möglich sind, die auch wechseln können. Als Beispiele seien genannt:
- Polfaden auf jeder dritten Nadel;
- Polfaden auf jeder vierten Nadel; Abfolge der verwendeten Nadeln nach Reihen 1-3-2-4-...
- Pile thread on every third needle;
- Pile thread on every fourth needle; Sequence of the needles used according to rows 1-3-2-4 -...
Möglich ist es auch, den Polfaden über zwei oder mehr benachbarte
Nadeln zu führen und erst dann wieder in die
andere Deckschicht einzubinden oder den oder die Polfäden
über oder auf willkürlich gewählte Nadeln zu führen bzw. zu
hängen. Insbesondere mit einem steiferen Polfadenmaterial
ergibt sich ein geschwungener Verlauf der Polfäden in der
Art einer Wellenlinie. Werden dabei zwei komplementäre Polfadenverläufe
verwandt, so ergeben sich in der Polfadenstruktur
röhrenförmige Gebilde, wie sie in Fig. 2 bereits
angedeutet erkennbar sind. Insbesondere beim Führen über
zwei oder mehr benachbarte Nadeln kann auch das Umschlingen
entfallen, anstatt dessen wird der Polfaden nur über die
Nadeln gelegt oder in die jeweilige Deckschicht mit einer
Webbindung eingebunden. Im Detail ist eine derartige Ausführung
in den Figg. 8 und 9 gezeigt. Der Polfaden 5 ist um
drei Nadeln (oder Kettfäden) der einen Deckschicht 1 geführt
und damit mit ihr verbunden. Über sechs Nadeln hinweg
ist der Polfaden 5 dann frei zur anderen Deckschicht 6 geführt
und dann wieder über drei Nadeln in diese eingebunden.
Insgesamt ist der Polfaden 5 also über einige, hier
drei, Nadeln in eine Deckschicht eingebunden, wird dann
über eine gewisse, bevorzugt demgegenüber grössere, Anzahl
Nadeln zur anderen Deckschicht geführt, dort eingebunden
usw. Die Einbindungsbreite sowie die Länge des Polfaden für
den Wechsel von einer zur anderen Deckschicht kann dem
jeweiligen Zweck in weiten Grenzen angepasst werden. It is also possible to have the pile thread over two or more adjacent ones
Guide needles and only then back into the
incorporate another cover layer or the pile thread or threads
to lead over or on arbitrarily selected needles
hang. Especially with a stiffer pile thread material
there is a curved course of the pile threads in the
Kind of a wavy line. Are two complementary pile thread courses
related, so result in the pile thread structure
tubular structures, as already shown in Fig. 2
are indicated. Especially when leading over
Two or more adjacent needles can also be wrapped around one another
omitted, instead the pile thread is only on the
Needles placed or in the respective top layer with a
Web binding integrated. Such a design is in detail
in the Fig. 8 and 9. The
Eine interessante Ausführung ist die Verwendung von verschiedenen Materialien für Deckschicht und Polfaden. Wird der Polfaden aus einem relativ steifen Material, z. B einem Monofilament, ausgeführt, und die Deckschichten aus einem Material, das sich bei erhöhter Temperatur verkürzt, so kann durch Erhitzen eine Kontraktion der Deckschichten erzielt werden, wobei aber das Polfadenmaterial im wesentlichen unverändert bleibt. Der Polfaden wird dabei ebenfalls auf eine kürzere Distanz zusammengezogen, wie es Figg. 8 und 9 entsprechend vor bzw. nach der Wärmebehandlung zeigen. Die Verwendung eines steifen Monofilaments wirkt einem Zusammenfalten entgegen, so dass der Polfaden im wesentlichen seinen gestreckten Verlauf beibehält und dadurch die Deckschichten auseinanderdrückt und im Inneren bei paralleler Führung der Polfäden röhrenförmige Strukturen ausbildet (Fig. 9). Insgesamt kann ein solches Textilstück also durch Erhitzen von einer relativ kompakten Form in eine aufgeblähte Form mit grossem Luftanteil, gegebenenfalls mit röhrenförmigen Strukturen, überführt werden.An interesting version is the use of different ones Materials for cover layer and pile thread. Becomes the pile thread made of a relatively rigid material, e.g. B one Monofilament, executed, and the cover layers from one Material that shortens at elevated temperature, so can cause a contraction of the top layers by heating be, but the pile thread material essentially remains unchanged. The pile thread is also there contracted to a shorter distance like it Fig. 8 and 9 respectively before and after the heat treatment demonstrate. The use of a stiff monofilament counteracts folding, so that the pile thread essentially maintains its elongated course and thereby pushing the cover layers apart and inside tubular structures with parallel guidance of the pile threads trains (Fig. 9). Overall, such a piece of textile So by heating a relatively compact one Form into an inflated form with a large amount of air, if necessary with tubular structures.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, nur eine Deckschicht aus thermisch kontraktiblem Material herzustellen. Beim Erwärmen ergibt sich der obengenannte Effekt, aber, da sich nur eine Seite des Textilstücks zussammenzieht, zugleich auch eine Krümmung oder Wölbung, je nachdem, ob das gesamte Material oder gegebenenfalls nur die Kett- oder Schussfäden aus dem thermisch beeinflussbaren Material bestehen. Anstatt eines thermisch sensitiven Materials können auch Materialien verwendet werden, die auf andere chemische und/oder physikalische Einflüsse mit einer Längenänderung reagieren.Another option is to have only one top layer to be made from thermally contractible material. When heating, the above-mentioned effect results, but there only one side of the piece of fabric contracts, at the same time also a curvature or bulge, depending on whether that entire material or possibly only the warp or Weft threads consist of the material which can be influenced thermally. Instead of a thermally sensitive material you can materials used on other chemical and / or physical influences with a change in length react.
Fig. 3 zeigt sägezahnartig geführte Polfäden, die ein besonders voluminöses Füllvolumen ergeben. Um ein Verrutschen der beiden Deckschichten zu verhindern, werden die Polfäden vorteilhaft in bestimmtem Rhythmus entgegengesetzt gelegt. Fig. 3 shows sawtooth-like pile threads, which a particularly result in voluminous filling volume. To slip To prevent the two cover layers, the pile threads advantageously opposed in a certain rhythm.
Fig. 4 zeigt auch eine sägezahnförmige Verlegung des Polfadens
5, und zwar hier im Wechsel mit zwei anderen Polfädenverläufen
6, die die übrigen Nadeln 4 belegen, wahlweise in
der gleichen oder in darauffolgenden Reihen.Fig. 4 also shows a sawtooth-shaped laying of the
Fig. 5 zeigt eine Struktur, die eine mit zwei Polfadenstrukturen
9, 10 gehaltene Mittelschicht 8 aufweist. Die
Struktur kann durch die zwei verschiedenen Polstrukturen 9,
10 nach den zwei Seiten hin verschiedenes Verhalten aufweisen.
Es ist auch möglich, z. B. unterhalb der oberen Nadelreihe
1 abzuscheren, etwa längs der Scherlinie 11, wonach
sich auf dieser Seite eine Plüschoberfläche ergibt. Mit
einer zusätzlichen Behandlung wie Rauhen kann die Oberfläche
weiter an den Verwendungszweck angepasst werden.Fig. 5 shows a structure, the one with two
Fig. 6 zeigt eine Ausführung mit verschieden hohen Polfadenstrukturen,
einer dünneren 9 und einer dickeren 10, die
auch in verschiedener Nadelteilung ausgeführt sind. Die
dünnere Polfadenstruktur 9 ist dabei auf einer engeren
Nadelteilung 1, 8 ausgeführt, wobei auch alle Nadeln vom
Polfaden 5 umschlungen werden. Damit ist diese Struktur
trotz der geringen Dicke relativ fest und dicht. Die zweite
Polfadenstruktur 10 verbindet die engere Teilung der Mittelschicht
8 mit der weiteren Teilung der unteren Deckschicht
2. Dabei wird von der unteren Deckschicht 2 jede
zweite Nadel vom Polfaden belegt und von der Nadelreihe der
Mittelschicht 8 jede vierte bei einem angenommenen Teilungsverhältnis
1:2. Fig. 7 zeigt noch eine Erweiterung,
bei der eine weitere Polfadenstruktur 12 vorhanden ist, so
dass zwei verdeckte Mittelschichten 14, 15 vorhanden sind.
Ausserdem ist hier nur die Nadelreihe 7 der oberen Deckschicht
mit einer engeren Teilung ausgeführt, die Nadelreihen
der anderen Deckschichten 14, 15 und 2 haben gleiche
Teilung.6 shows an embodiment with pile thread structures of different heights,
a
Die genannten Beispiele zeigen die sich ergebende Vielfalt an Ausführungsformen und sind im Rahmen der Erfindung miteinander kombinierbar. Die nicht dargestellten Deck- und Mittelschichten können Maschenware, Webware oder Mischformen davon in allen bekannten Varianten sein. Bei Webschichten kann mit modernen Maschinen auch eine für Maschenware typische Umschlingung der Kettfäden zur Einbindung der Polfäden durchgeführt werden, oder die Polfäden werden mit einer der bekannten Webbindungen eingebunden.The examples mentioned show the resulting diversity to embodiments and are within the scope of the invention can be combined. The deck and not shown Middle layers can be knitted, woven or mixed forms be in all known variants. For web layers can also be used for knitted fabrics with modern machines typical wrapping of the warp threads for integration the pile threads are carried out, or the pile threads are integrated with one of the well-known web bindings.
Als Ausgangsmaterialien eignen sich alle heute bekannten und auf den genannten Maschinen verarbeitbaren Fadenmaterialien, wie Mono-, Multifilamente sowie Mehrkomponentenfilamente. Als Basismaterial eignen sich natürliche und synthetische Fasern, aber auch z. B. Drähte oder mineralisches Material wie Glas oder Steinfasern. Das Fadenmaterial kann noch umsponnen, ummandelt, umwunden und/oder oberflächlich beschichtet sein. Kettfäden werden dabei, insbesondere bei natürlichen Fasern, bevorzugt vor der Verarbeitung geschlichtet und das Abstandstextilmaterial wieder entschlichtet.All known today are suitable as starting materials and thread materials that can be processed on the machines mentioned, such as mono-, multifilaments and multi-component filaments. Natural and are suitable as the base material synthetic fibers, but also e.g. B. wires or mineral Material such as glass or stone fibers. The thread material can still be wound, encased, wound and / or be superficially coated. Warp threads are especially with natural fibers, preferably before Processing finished and the spacer textile material desized again.
Die Polfadenstruktur trägt die für geschäumte Materialien charakteristischen Merkmale bei, um die wichtigsten zu nennen: grosser Luftanteil, elastisches Verhalten, Saugfähigkeit. Je nach dem für die Polfadenstruktur verwendeten Material oder der Nachbehandlung kann eine der Eigenschaften auch in den Vordergrund gerückt werden. Durch die Verwendung von insbesondere natürlichen Fasern lässt sich auch ein hautfreundliches Textilmaterial hoher Saugfähigkeit realisieren, wodurch es beispielsweise im Inkonsistenzbereich oder als Unterlage gegen Wundliegen in Krankenhäusern verwendbar ist. Das Polfadenmaterial kann auch durch chemische oder physikalische Methoden nachträglich reversibel oder irreversibel veränderbar sein. Als Beispiel sei die Verwendung eines temperaturempfindlichen Material in der Polfadenstruktur anggeeben, das z. B. bei Temperaturerhöhung seine Länge ändert. Damit ergibt sich ein Abstandsmaterial, dessen Dicke temperaturabhängig ist, wodurch z. B. eine Isolationswirkung automatisch der Temperatur angepasst werden kann. Das Material kann auch nicht oder nur teilweise umkehrbar reagieren.The pile thread structure carries that for foamed materials characteristic features to the most important ones name: large amount of air, elastic behavior, absorbency. Depending on the one used for the pile thread structure Material or post-treatment can be one of the properties also be brought to the fore. By using it natural fibers in particular can also be realize a skin-friendly textile material with high absorbency, making it, for example, in the area of inconsistency or usable as an underlay against bedsores in hospitals is. The pile thread material can also be chemical or physical methods subsequently reversible or be irreversibly changeable. Use as an example of a temperature sensitive material in the pile thread structure specify the z. B. when the temperature rises its length changes. This results in a spacer material the thickness of which is temperature-dependent, so that z. Legs Insulation effect can be automatically adjusted to the temperature can. The material can not or only partially react reversibly.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des Abstandstextilmaterial besteht darin, dass eine grosse Zahl von Anpassungen an den vorgesehenen Einsatzzweck bereits simultan mit der Herstellung durchgeführt werden kann. Die einfachste Möglichkeit besteht in der Wahl des Fadenmaterials oder anderer klassischer Prozessparameter der Herstellung. Die mechanischen und physiologischen Eigenschaften können damit bereits in weiten Grenzen variiert werden. Z. B. erhöht ein steiferes Fadenmaterial für die Polfadenstruktur die Schlagabsorptionsfähigkeit, et vice versa. Alternativ kann auch die Polfadendichte, d. h. die Anzahl der Fäden pro m2 erhöht bzw. verringert werden. Eine Anwendung ergibt sich allgemein als Füll-, Polster- oder Isoliermaterial beispielsweise in der Auto- oder Bekleidungsindustrie. Da während der Herstellung ohne Probleme auch die Länge der Polfäden und damit die Dicke des Abstandstextilmaterials verändert werden kann, ist es möglich, einer Körperform angepasste oder diese ausgleichende Polster herzustellen.A major advantage of the spacer textile material is that a large number of adaptations to the intended use can be carried out simultaneously with the manufacture. The simplest option is to choose the thread material or other classic manufacturing process parameters. The mechanical and physiological properties can thus be varied within wide limits. For example, a stiffer thread material for the pile thread structure increases the impact absorption capacity, and vice versa. Alternatively, the pile thread density, ie the number of threads per m 2, can be increased or decreased. An application generally arises as filling, cushioning or insulating material, for example in the automotive or clothing industry. Since the length of the pile threads and thus the thickness of the spacer textile material can also be changed without any problems during manufacture, it is possible to produce upholstery which is adapted to a body shape or compensates for it.
Während der Herstellung kann bereits ein Füllmaterial, insbesondere ein festes, z. B. granular oder pulverförmig vorliegendes, in die Polfadenstruktur eingeführt werden, wodurch sich auch bei grossen, am Stück hergestellten Längen eine gleichmässige Verteilung des Füllstoffs ergibt. Denkbar ist auch, den Füllstoff auf geeignete Art und Weise nach der Herstellung des Abstandstextilmaterials durch Wärme, Strahlung etc. zu aktivieren, entweder um ihn in eine andere, eine bestimmte Funktion erfüllende Form zu überführen, oder mit seiner Hilfe die Eigenschaften der Polfadenstruktur oder der Deckschichten von innen her zu verändern. Das Abstandstextilmaterial kann auch nachträglich beschichtet werden und/oder die Polfäden können oberflächlich modifiziert durchzuführen. Weitere Beinflussungsmöglichkeiten sind dem Fachmann aus dem oben gesagten zugänglich und werden vom Erfindungsgedanken eingeschlossen.A filling material, in particular, can already be produced during manufacture a solid, e.g. B. present in granular or powder form, are introduced into the pile thread structure, whereby even with large lengths made in one piece results in an even distribution of the filler. Conceivable is also the filler in a suitable manner after the production of the spacer textile material by heat, To activate radiation etc., either to convert it into a to transfer another form fulfilling a certain function, or with its help the properties of the pile thread structure or to change the top layers from the inside. The spacer textile material can also be retrofitted can be coated and / or the pile threads can be superficial modified to perform. Other influencing options are accessible to the person skilled in the art from what has been said above and are included in the idea of the invention.
Das Abstandstextilmaterial kann auch als Filtermaterial dienen, wobei durch entsprechende Vorbehandlung des Fadenmaterials für die Polfadenstruktur und/oder Nachbehandlung des Abstandstextilmaterials noch besondere Eigenschaften ausgebildet werden können. Z. B. kann in die Polfadenstruktur Aktivkohle eingeblasen oder auch bereits bei der Herstellung der Polfadenstruktur eingebracht werden. Auch das Einbringen eines Katalysators auf eine der genannten Methoden ist möglich. Anwendungen ergeben sich z. B. im Bereich der Luft-, Gas- und Staubfilter und der chemischen Prozesstechnik.The spacer textile material can also be used as a filter material serve, with appropriate pretreatment of the thread material for the pile thread structure and / or aftertreatment of the spacer textile material still have special properties can be trained. For example, in the pile thread structure Activated carbon is blown in or already during production of the pile thread structure. That too Introduction of a catalyst using one of the methods mentioned is possible. Applications arise e.g. B. in the area air, gas and dust filters and chemical process technology.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht im Tränken der Polfadenstruktur oder auch des gesamten Abstandstextilmaterials, wodurch sich, je nach Art und Menge des Tränkungsmaterials, mehr eine Ummantelung der Fäden oder ein Ausfüllen der Hohlräume ergibt. Damit können alle Materialien zwischen einem grossvolumigen Material mit hohem Luftanteil und beschichteten Fäden bis zu einem vollständig gefüllten Körper, z. B. in der Art eines Faserverbundartikels, hergestellt werden. Die Verwendung eines aushärtenden Tränkungsmittels, etwa eines Harzes, Kunstharzes, Thermoplasts usw. erlaubt die Herstellung eines gemäss der Aushärtung versteiften Textilmaterials mit durch die übrigen Herstellungsparameter einstellbaren Luftanteil. Mit dem Abstandstextilmaterial kann dabei die Dicke und das Material gemäss dem Anforderungsprofil in weiten Grenzen frei, aber wohldefiniert eingestellt werden.Another possibility is to soak the pile thread structure or the entire spacer textile material, which, depending on the type and amount of impregnation material, more a covering of the threads or filling in the Voids. All materials can be between a large-volume material with a high proportion of air and coated Threads up to a completely filled body, e.g. B. made in the manner of a fiber composite article become. The use of a hardening impregnating agent, such as a resin, synthetic resin, thermoplastic etc. allows the production of one according to the curing stiffened textile material with the other manufacturing parameters adjustable air percentage. With the spacer textile material can according to the thickness and the material the requirements profile freely within a wide range, but well-defined can be set.
Eine partielle Tränkung kann zur Modifikation des Verhaltens gegenüber dem durch die Polfadenstruktur streichenden Medium, insbesondere Flüssigkeiten oder Gase, benutzt werden, z. B. bei Filtern, um bestimmte Stoffe abzutrennen, oder für katalytische Wirkungen, oder es können die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Abstandstextilmaterials verändert werden. Eine auf diese Art stabilisiertes Abstandstextilmaterial, das trotzdem noch eine recht lockere Polfadenstruktur aufweist, kann z. B. für Hinterlüftungszwecke Anwendung finden, oder in Anwendungen mit erhöhten mechanischen Anforderungen, insbesondere bezüglich Reissfestigkeit und Schlagabsorption, eingesetzt werden. Auch eine Mehrfachbehandlung ist denkbar. Weiter kann das Abstandstextilmaterial durch eine derartige Behandlung zusätzlich zur Wahl des geeigneten Materials gegen Umwelteinflüsse resistent gemacht werden, wie Hitze (Feuer) oder agressive chemische Stoffe, und wegen seiner Isolationswirkung und Saugfähigkeit in Schutzbekleidung und anderen technischen Verkleidungen, wie z. B. Maschinenenabdeckungen, Verwendung finden.A partial soak can be used to modify behavior compared to that stroking through the pile thread structure Medium, in particular liquids or gases, are used, e.g. B. filters to separate certain substances, or for catalytic effects, or it can be mechanical Properties of the spacer textile material changed become. A spacer textile material stabilized in this way, still a rather loose pile thread structure has, for. B. for ventilation purposes find, or in applications with increased mechanical Requirements, especially regarding tensile strength and shock absorption. Also a multiple treatment is conceivable. The spacer textile material can also be used by such treatment in addition to Choice of suitable material resistant to environmental influences be made like heat (fire) or aggressive chemical substances, and because of its insulating effect and Absorbency in protective clothing and other technical Linings, such as B. machine covers, use Find.
Eine dreidimensionale Formgebung ist in beschränktem Umfang durch Variation der Polfadenlänge, -dichte und/oder des Polfadenmaterials möglich. Weitgehende Freiheit der Formgebung ist durch die bekannten Techniken der Formgebung auf Strick- und Wirkmaschinen gegeben, wie z. B. Zunehmen und Abnehmen von Maschen. Offensichtlich benötigt die Formgebung hierbei keinen zusätzlichen Prozessschritt. Es ist auch möglich, einen der späteren Formung angepassten Vorformling herzustellen. Dieser kann später mechanisch in die gewünschte Form gebracht und fixiert werden. Eine gesteuerte Verformung ist auch durch die Wahl geeigneter, an sich bekannter Fadenmaterialien möglich, die auf chemische oder physikalische Einflüsse reagieren, wie z. B. Temperatur oder Azidität. Zur Formfixierung kann, wenn die Eigenstabilität des Materials nicht genügt, einmal das Tränken mit einem aushärtenden Material oder eine der anderen üblichen Techniken angewandt werden, wie z. B. Thermofixierung.A three-dimensional shape is limited by varying the pile thread length, density and / or the Pile thread material possible. Extensive freedom of design is based on the known techniques of shaping Given knitting and knitting machines, such. B. Increase and Decrease stitches. Obviously, the shape needed no additional process step. It is also possible, a preform adapted to the later shaping to manufacture. This can later be mechanically integrated into the desired shape can be brought and fixed. A controlled one Deformation is also more appropriate in itself by choosing known thread materials possible on chemical or physical influences react, e.g. B. temperature or acidity. To fix the shape, if the inherent stability of the material is not enough, soaking once with a hardening material or one of the other usual Techniques are applied, such as. B. Heat setting.
Da die Deckschichten ein Gewebe oder Maschenware sind, können die von daher bekannten Techniken zur Farbgebung, Musterung und Strukturierung angewandt werden. Es ist damit z. B. möglich, ästhetisch ansprechende Verkleidungen aus dem Abstandstextilmaterial direkt von der Maschine herzustellen. Anwendungen ergeben sich z. B. für Innenbezüge von Autodächern, Polsterungen und andere Verkleidungen. Das Abstandstextilmaterial kann auch beschichtet oder laminiert werden. Die Deckschichten können z. B. mit Plüsch ausgestattet sein. Beflocken, Bedrucken usw. sind ebenfalls möglich.Since the cover layers are woven or knitted, you can the techniques for coloring, patterning that are known and structuring can be applied. It is with it e.g. B. possible, aesthetically pleasing panels to manufacture the spacer textile material directly from the machine. Applications arise e.g. B. for interior covers of Car roofs, upholstery and other panels. The spacer textile material can also be coated or laminated become. The cover layers can e.g. B. equipped with plush be. Flocking, printing, etc. are also possible.
Durch die Wahl des geeigneten Materials für die Deckschichten und die verbindende Polfadenstruktur lässt sich das Abstandstextilmaterial an die verschiedensten Anwendungen anpassen, die bisher eine Domäne der geschäumten Materialien waren. Zusätzliche Vorteile ergeben sich daraus, dass für das Fadenmaterial eine breitere Palette von Ausgangsstoffen zur Verfügung steht als für schäumungsfähiges Material. Insbesondere natürliche Materialien bieten sich für wiederverwertungsfähiges Abstandstextilmaterial an. Anwendungen ergeben sich für alle Anwendungsgebiete geschäumter Materialien bzw. Mehrlagentextilien, wie besonders Filter; Schalldämmung; Schaumsubstitute, besonders für Laminate oder Kachierungen; Hinterlüftungen; Verkleidungen; klinische und medizinische Anwendungen wie Inkontinenz, Vermeiden von Wundliegen, Verbandsstoffe; Matratzen und Decken, Heizdecken; Schuhsohlen und Einlagen; Polsterungen; Abstandshalter; Klimazonen: Abdeckungen und Bezüge im Fahrzeugsektor, wie Cabrioverdecke, Fahrzeughimmel, Sitzbezüge; zweieinhalbdimensionale Produkte, beispielsweise Mehrwegwindelhöschen.By choosing the right material for the top layers and the connecting pile thread structure allows the spacer textile material to a wide variety of applications adjust the previously a domain of foamed materials were. Additional advantages result from the fact that a wider range of raw materials for the thread material is available as for foamable material. Natural materials are particularly suitable for recyclable spacer textile material. Applications are foamed for all areas of application Materials or multi-layer textiles, such as filters in particular; Soundproofing; Foam substitutes, especially for laminates or tiling; Rear ventilation; Claddings; clinical and medical applications such as incontinence, avoidance of bedsores, dressings; Mattresses and blankets, Electric blankets; Shoe soles and insoles; Upholstery; Spacers; Climate zones: covers and covers in the vehicle sector, such as convertible tops, headliners, seat covers; two and a half dimensional products, for example reusable diaper pants.
Eine interessante Anwendung des Materials ist die Auskleidung von Radkästen. Dafür wird es einmal dreidimensional entsprechend der Radkastenform geformt oder auch in einer gesteuerten Stricktechnik durch Maschenzunahme und -abnahme in diese Form gebracht. Durch Verfestigen, z. B Tränken mit einem Thermoplast oder auch die Verwendung thermisch härtbaren Polfadenmaterials wird es durch Erwärmen in dieser Form fixiert. Vorteilhaft kann dieses Erwärmen auch erst geschehen, nachdem das Material im Radkasten angebracht worden ist. Denkbar wäre u. a. auch eine photochemische Härtung, z. B. durch ultraviolette Strahlung. Bevorzugt weist das Material eine rauhe Oberfläche auf und erlaubt das Eindringen von Spritzwasser in die Polfadenstruktur, in dem es dann wieder ablaufen kann. Dadurch wird die Verwirbelung des Spritzwassers wesentlich reduziert. Die dem Rad abgewandte Seite wird bevorzugt wasserundurchdringlich ausgeführt.An interesting application of the material is the lining of wheel arches. For that, it becomes three-dimensional shaped according to the wheel arch shape or in one controlled knitting technology by increasing and decreasing stitches brought into this form. By solidifying, e.g. B water with a thermoplastic or the use of thermally curable It is made by heating in this pile thread material Fixed shape. This heating can also be advantageous happen after the material is attached to the wheel arch has been. It would be conceivable a. also a photochemical Hardening, e.g. B. by ultraviolet radiation. Prefers the material has a rough surface and allows the penetration of splash water into the pile thread structure, in which it can then run off again. This creates the vortex of the spray water significantly reduced. The wheel the opposite side is preferably impermeable to water executed.
Weitere Anwendungen gegenüber den bekannten Materialien ergeben sich zwanglos aus dem oben gesagten. Beispiel sei die Herstellung eines Formkörpers mit grossem Luftanteil aus einem harzgetränkten Abstandstextilmaterial.Further applications compared to the known materials result casually from the above. Example the production of a molded body with a large amount of air made of a resin-impregnated spacer fabric.
Claims (19)
- Face-to-face fabric, produced on a knitting machine, having an upper and a lower cover layer, (1, 2) consisting of knitted material, said cover layers being connected by at least one pile thread structure (3), the cover layers (1, 2) and the pile thread structure (3) consisting of knitted fabric or of material having knitted and woven constituents, characterised in that the face-to-face fabric has a three-dimensional shape, based on a variation of the pile thread length, pile thread density and/or of the pile thread material and on an increase and decrease of stitches.
- Face-to-face fabric according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the face-to-face fabric is varied by changing the pile thread length
- Face-to-face fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one textile intermediate layer (8) is present between the cover layers (1, 2) which intermediate layer is joined to the cover layers and/or other intermediate layers via pile thread structures (9, 10).
- Face-to-face fabric according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cover layers (1, 2) have planar structures, in particular patterns, structure variations and/or colour variations.
- Face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a material of a pile thread is selected in such a manner that it reacts to chemical or physical influences in a reversible, partially reversible or irreversible manner.
- Face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the pile thread courses of at least one cover layer are realised varying regularly or irregularly.
- Face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that at least one cover layer and/or middle layer and/or pile thread structure consists of at least two different materials.
- Face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that fillers, chemical reagents and/or materials which have a physical activity are layered into the pile thread structure.
- Method of manufacturing the face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the thread material is sized before the manufacture of the fabric and is desized again after the processing.
- Method of manufacturing the face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the pile thread structure and/or at least one of the cover layers is infiltrated with at least one liquid, gaseous, pourable or powder-form substance, which modifies the surface of the material of the pile thread structure or of the cover layer in its chemical and/or physical properties and/or remains in the face-to-face fabric either in the original form or in a chemically altered form.
- Method of manufacturing the face-to-face fabric according to claim 10, characterised in that it is finished so as to be flame resistant, hygroscopic or water-repellent, and/or resistant to chemicals.
- Method of manufacturing the face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that, for at least one pole thread structure a first material and, for at least one cover layer a second material is used, the first and second materials differing in their reaction to a physical and/or chemical effect, and in that, after the mechanical construction of the textile, this physical or chemical effect occurs, whereby the geometry and/or structure of the fabric alters.
- Method of manufacturing the face-to-face fabric according to claim 12, characterised in that the fabric is exposed to a raised temperature, at which the second material substantially contracts.
- Use of the face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8 as a substitute for foamed materials or products containing foamed materials, as well as for large-volume bonded fabric articles.
- Use of the face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8 for technical applications, medical applications or as a material for decorative purposes.
- Use of the face-to-face fabric according to claim 14 or 15 for shock-absorbent linings, filter, soundproofing, heat insulation, rear ventilation, insulation, coverings, upholstery, elastic and inelastic collision energy absorbers, substance-absorbing,-releasing or -exchanging articles or chemically active articles such as catalysts or ion exchangers.
- Use of the face-to-face fabric according to claim 15 for incontinence articles, bandaging materials, shoe soles, insoles, protective clothing, especially with an insulating effect or with the effect of intercepting mechanical effects, and/or for paddings.
- Use of the face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that that it is used to balance, emphasise and/or pad surface contours.
- Use of the face-to-face fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8 for the lining of wheel cases.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH540/93 | 1993-02-22 | ||
CH54093 | 1993-02-22 | ||
CH54093 | 1993-02-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0617152A1 EP0617152A1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
EP0617152B1 true EP0617152B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
Family
ID=4189357
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94101887A Expired - Lifetime EP0617152B1 (en) | 1993-02-22 | 1994-02-08 | Face-to-face fabric with variable trickness, process of manufacturing and applications |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5589245A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0617152B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0849143A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE183784T1 (en) |
CZ (2) | CZ35794A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59408647D1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK21194A3 (en) |
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- 1994-02-08 AT AT94101887T patent/ATE183784T1/en active
- 1994-02-08 DE DE59408647T patent/DE59408647D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 EP EP94101887A patent/EP0617152B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-18 CZ CZ94357A patent/CZ35794A3/en unknown
- 1994-02-18 CZ CZ19976302U patent/CZ6686U1/en unknown
- 1994-02-22 SK SK211-94A patent/SK21194A3/en unknown
- 1994-02-22 JP JP6046572A patent/JPH0849143A/en active Pending
- 1994-02-22 US US08/200,185 patent/US5589245A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9387126B2 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2016-07-12 | Smith & Nephew Plc | Apparatus for aspirating, irrigating and cleansing wounds |
US9452248B2 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2016-09-27 | Smith & Nephew Plc | Wound cleansing apparatus in-situ |
DE102006054587B4 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2009-05-14 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Functionalization of the spacer knitted fabric in decorative composites |
US9801761B2 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2017-10-31 | Smith & Nephew Plc | Provision of wound filler |
DE102011112289A1 (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2013-03-07 | Lufthansa Technik Ag | Chemically durable spacer textile |
DE102015111590B3 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2016-11-24 | Eissmann Automotive Deutschland Gmbh | A method for producing a decorative composite with at least one local weakening and a weakened spacer knitted fabric |
US10919479B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2021-02-16 | Eissmann Automotive Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing a decorative composite having at least one local weakening and a weakened spacer fabric |
DE102015111590C5 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2022-03-31 | Eissmann Automotive Deutschland Gmbh | Process for producing a decorative composite with at least one local weakening and a weakened spacer fabric |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE183784T1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
JPH0849143A (en) | 1996-02-20 |
DE59408647D1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
EP0617152A1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
US5589245A (en) | 1996-12-31 |
CZ6686U1 (en) | 1997-10-23 |
CZ35794A3 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
SK21194A3 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
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