EP0626660B1

EP0626660B1 - Document authentication system utilizing a transparent label

Info

Publication number: EP0626660B1
Application number: EP94303629A
Authority: EP
Inventors: William Berson
Original assignee: Pitney Bowes Inc
Current assignee: Pitney Bowes Inc
Priority date: 1993-05-24
Filing date: 1994-05-20
Publication date: 1999-12-01
Anticipated expiration: 2014-05-20
Also published as: EP0626660A2; CA2123456C; DE69421845D1; DE69421845T2; CA2123456A1; JPH071874A; US5514860A; EP0626660A3

Description

The present invention relates to documents bearing data, methods of producing documents and methods for authenticating documents.
There are many different types of documents issued by government agencies that authorize the holder of such documents to perform authorized tasks or grant rights to the holder of such a document. Examples of such documents are driver's licenses, passports, entry access badges, identification cards and the like. In issuing such documents, it is desirable to have them of a convenient size, while including information necessary for identifying the holder and the rights conferred. With these two requirements, documents issued by government agencies not only will have a defined format, but the textual information printed thereon is dense, thereby leaving little or no room for any additional information to be printed thereon.
A problem frequently encountered by government officials is the forging of government issued documents. With the advent of computers and refined printers that are available at a relatively low cost, the incidence of forgery has proliferated. Although there are processes where coatings are applied to documents to prevent copying, this does not end the problem of forgery. Various schemes have been proposed to provide security to government issued documents so as to inhibit forgeries of such documents. One such scheme is to use encryption so that a code can be derived that is based upon the information on the face of the government issued document.
Unfortunately, because of the limited space normally available in such documents, such a scheme has proven unattainable. Clearly, it would be advantageous to provide a scheme for imparting security to a government issued document that would overcome the inhibitions caused by the predetermined size and defined format of such documents. Also, it would be advantageous to be able to carry hidden encrypted information and information determining authenticity of the document.
US-A-4 257 677 describes a retroviewer for viewing an article to which is affixed a retro-reflective transparent film material having a first legend-bearing area comprising microscopic beads and a second background area.
Although transparent under normal diffused lighting, when viewed under collimated light, the first and second areas have differing reflectances and become clearly distinguishable to a human observer.
DE-C-4 022 822 describes a document on which visible text is printed on a first layer, and a coded version of the text is printed on an underlying layer using invisible ink.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a document having provision for determining authentication thereof, comprising:
a) a plurality of sheets laminated to one another,
b) a first of said sheets having human visual text printed thereon,
c) a second of said sheets being transparent and attached to the first sheet, and
d) a machine-readable code containing information derived from the visual text printed upon said transparent sheet with invisible ink.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of providing a data bearing document having provision for authentication thereon, which includes the steps of:
a) scanning a bar code on a document to derive data therefrom,
b) printing a bar code containing at least a portion of the data onto a transparent label with invisible ink, and
c) applying the thus printed transparent label to the document.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for determining if a document having bar code data printed with invisible ink on a transparent label thereon is authentic, comprising the steps of:
a) scanning the printed bar code data with light which is not in the human visible range;
b) receiving a reflection of the light from the document;
c) reading the printed bar code data from the document;
d) displaying the read data; and
e) comparing the read bar code data on the transparent label with visible data on the document.
The invention will be better understood from the following non-limiting description, of an embodiment of the invention, given by the way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of a typical drivers license;
Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing a label with data printed thereon which is attached to drivers license of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a functional block diagram of a device for printing data on a label; and
Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of a device for reading data printed on the label of Figure 2.
This specification is concerned with the verification of government issued documents such as driver's licenses, passports, entry passes, identification cards and the like. The concept is described in conjunction with a driver's license, but it will be appreciated that the principles can be applied to other types of documents, whether the same are governmental or industrial issued documents, particularly where the documents are for the purpose of identifying a right or privilege to which the issuer or user thereof is entitled.
With reference initially to FIG 1, a document 10 in the form of a driver's license is shown having a photograph 12 of the person to whom the license was issued. The document 10 can be made of a single layer, or sheet, or a plurality of layers that are laminated together. A document composed of a single layer or multiple layers in this specification, including the claims, will be referred to collectively as a sheet. The driver's license also contains other data such as the state in which the license has been issued 13, the operator number 14, the expiration date 16, the license type 18, the birth date of the recipient 20, the gender 22 of the recipient, the name of the recipient 26, the address of the recipient 28 and issuer's identification data 30. It will be noted that the driver's license has a dense data field for the items that were just referenced. As such, it would be difficult to place additional information on the face thereof, as it is necessary that the document 10 be of convenient size. As a consequence, it is suggested to provide a transparent label 34 having encoded data 36 printed thereon, as shown in FIG 2 that will have correspondence to the data printed on the document 10. The encoded data 36 can include encrypted data, a bar code, or any other convenient format. As shown, the encoded message 36 is in the form of alpha-numerics. The label 34 is made of a transparent polymeric material such as polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polyterephthalate and the like and the ink with which the data 36 is printed is an invisible ink which becomes visible upon exposure to either ultraviolet light or light in the infrared region. Although the transparent label 34 can be made of a number of materials and the inks can be any of a number of commercially available inks, it is necessary that the materials chosen must be compatible with one another. By invisible ink is any ink that is not visible to the unaided eye or one that is transparent. Reference can be had to U.S. Patent No. 5,093,147 for an example of an invisible ink responsive to infra-red light.
Invisible inks are commercially available from a member of suppliers such as Shannon Luminous Materials of Santa Ana, California, American Ultraviolet Company of Murray Hills, New Jersey, American Coding and Marking Ink Company of Plainfield, New Jersey and U.V.P. Ink of San Gabriel, California.
With reference to FIG 3, a device 40 is shown whereby the label 34 can be printed with the appropriate data. The device includes a scanner 42 that scans the data on the driver's license 10 that is to be used for preparing the encoded data message 36 so that there is a correspondence between the data on the driver's license and the data represented by the encoded message 36. The operator number 14, the expiration date 16, the operator's name 26 and the operator's address or any combination thereof can be used as data for the encoded message 36. In addition, the photograph 12 can be scanned using the PDF 417 Code provided by Symbol Technology Inc. Another code that can be used in scanning the photograph 12 would be code 1 as provided by Crypto Post. With such scanning, an encoded message would be printed upon the label 34 which upon decoding would reproduce the photograph 12. Needless to say, the message 36 need not be encoded, but may simply duplicate data on the face of the document ID.
After the driver's license 10 is scanned, the data is sent to an A/D converter 44 to convert the received signal from analog to digital. Optionally, the data can then be compressed by a data compressor 45 if the amount of data is too voluminous. Thereafter, again optionally, the data can then be encrypted by an encryptor 48, following which the data would be encoded whether it is encrypted or not, by an encoder 50. After the data is encoded, a label printer will print the encoded message upon a transparent label 34 using invisible ink. The label printer will also include structure capable of applying an adhesive to the label. Preferably, the adhesive is applied to the side of the label where the encoded message 36 has been printed in invisible ink, so that the printed portion of the label will not be subjected to abrasion.
In an alternative embodiment, where the document 10 is formed from laminated layers with the last layer being transparent, the encoded message can be printed on such layer. Preferably, this message 36 is printed on the inside surface of the laminated layer.
When a determination is to be made as to the authenticity of a document 10, the examiner will be provided with a device 60 such as that shown in FIG 4. The device includes a scanner 62 that is capable of emitting light either in the infra-red region or ultra violet region, depending upon the invisible ink that had been applied to the transparent label 34. The scanner will be moved relative to the document to be scanned and light will be reflected from the document to the scanner to create data in the form of an image. The data from the scanner is then decoded by decoder 64, passed through decryptor 66, if the information had been encrypted, and subsequently the decoded message will be shown on a display 68. If the data on the display corresponds to the data on the document 10, the examiner will then have proof that the holder of the document 10 is the proper party. On the other hand, if there is no match, then the examiner would be alerted that he may be dealing with a forged document.
In addition to the data on the document 10, other information can be printed on the label to provide a hidden message. For example, information can be printed relative to past traffic violations or prior unlawful activities. Clearly, one would not desire such information be printed on the face of a document.
As described above, a method and apparatus have been devised whereby government issued documents can have encrypted or encoded data thereon without interfering with the format of the document. The encoded or encrypted data is printed on a transparent tape with invisible ink. The ink becomes visible when exposed to either ultra violet light or infra-red light depending upon the dyes in the invisible ink. In preparing the label, the data on the document is scanned by a reader (scanner), and the information derived therefrom is encoded. A code is then devised to be printed upon the transparent label, and is done so with invisible ink. The transparent label is then applied to the document and because of the use of the invisible ink, one can still read the text covered by the transparent tape.
When a person wishes to determine the authenticity of the document, that person can be provided with a device that will direct light of appropriate wavelength onto the label so that the ink becomes visible. The device will also have a decoding capability so that the operator can determine if the government document is genuine and the holder of the document is the person to whom the document was issued.
Thus, what has been shown and described is a concept whereby a document issued by the government or an industrial concern can be provided with means for authentication without interfering with the format of such a document.
The above embodiments have been given by way of illustration only, and other embodiments of the instant invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the detailed description.

Claims

A document having provision for determining authentication thereof, comprising:

a) a plurality of sheets laminated to one another,

b) a first of said sheets having human visual text printed thereon,

c) a second of said sheets being transparent and attached to the first sheet, and

d) a machine-readable code (36) containing information derived from the visual text printed upon said transparent sheet with invisible ink.
The document of claim 1 wherein said machine readable code printed upon said transparent sheet has correspondence to at least a portion of the text printed on said first sheet.
The document of claim 1 or 2 wherein said code (36) printed with invisible ink is encoded.
The document of claim 2 wherein said code (36) that is printed on said sheet has a predetermined form.
The document of claim 4 wherein said document is of a type issued by a Government agency.
The document of any of claims 1-5 wherein the document is a driver's licence.
The document of any of claims 1-5 wherein said document is of a type issued by a business entity.
The document of claim 1 wherein said code (36) printed with invisible ink is printed on the side of the second sheet (34) adjacent to said first sheet.
A method of providing a data bearing document having provision for authentication thereon, which includes the steps of:

a) scanning a bar code on a document to derive data therefrom,

b) printing a bar code containing at least a portion of the data onto a transparent label with invisible ink, and

c) applying the thus printed transparent label to the document.
The method of claim 9 further including the steps of encoding data derived from scanning the document and printing the encoded data on the transparent label with invisible ink.
The method of claim 9 or 10 wherein ink visible in the infra-red region is applied to the transparent label.
The method of claim 9 or 10 wherein ink visible in the ultra violet region is applied to the transparent label.
A method for determining if a document having bar code data printed with invisible ink on a transparent label thereon is authentic, comprising the steps of:

a) scanning the printed bar code data with light which is not in the human visible range;

b) receiving a reflection of the light from the document;

c) reading the printed bar code data from the document;

d) displaying the read data; and

e) comparing the read bar code data on the transparent label with visible data on the document.
The method of claim 13 in which the label has an encoded message thereon, and further including steps of: scanning said label, decoding the scanned message, and displaying the decoded message.