EP0701708A1 - Information display apparatus - Google Patents

Information display apparatus

Info

Publication number
EP0701708A1
EP0701708A1 EP95910150A EP95910150A EP0701708A1 EP 0701708 A1 EP0701708 A1 EP 0701708A1 EP 95910150 A EP95910150 A EP 95910150A EP 95910150 A EP95910150 A EP 95910150A EP 0701708 A1 EP0701708 A1 EP 0701708A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
display device
user
disposed
optical lens
angled mirrors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95910150A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0701708A4 (en
Inventor
John Wayne Mckown
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motorola Solutions Inc
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc filed Critical Motorola Inc
Publication of EP0701708A1 publication Critical patent/EP0701708A1/en
Publication of EP0701708A4 publication Critical patent/EP0701708A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C11/00Non-optical adjuncts; Attachment thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00Optical parts
    • G02C7/14Mirrors; Prisms

Definitions

  • This invention is relates generally to a display apparatus and more particularly to a heads-up display that is integrated into a pair of eyeglasses for providing a user with visual information.
  • wireless communication devices have enhanced the personal mobility of the computer user by providing the individual with the ability to transmit and receive information virtually any place or time via wireless communications media such as radio frequency (RF) and /or infrared (IR) channels.
  • RF radio frequency
  • IR infrared
  • the present invention is an information display apparatus integrated into a pair of eyeglasses for displaying visual information to the eyeglass wearer.
  • the apparatus includes a display device mounted on the eyeglass frame for displaying information to the wearer, a plurality of angled mirrors disposed on a surface of at least one optical lens, and a mirror connected to the frame and disposed between the display devise and the plurality of angled mirrors for optically coupling the display device to the plurality of angled mirrors.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an expanded view of a pair of eyeglasses employing the heads-up display apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an expanded view of the banded mirror of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram representation of the receiver shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a pair of eyeglasses having an integrated heads-up display device in accordance with the present invention.
  • the eyeglasses are considered standard eyeware and include a frame for supporting optical lens 110 including nose support 120 ear supports 130 by which the eyeglasses are held in place upon a user face during operation.
  • the head-up display portion of the present invention includes a receiver 140, display device 150, focusing lens 160, flat mirror 170 and a plurality of angled mirrors 180 disposed on the surface of optical lens 110.
  • the receiver 140 receives the information to be displayed to the user.
  • receiver 140 may connect to either a wireless or wireline information network from which the information is received.
  • receiver 140 is a wireless receiver capable of communicating over wireless media such as, but not limited to RF and/or IR communications channels.
  • receiver 140 is an RF receiver as will be described in more detail below.
  • Receiver 140 is coupled to optical display device 150 via video cable 145 in order to present the display device with the information for presentation to the user.
  • optical display device 150 may comprise any of the well known visual display devices including, but not limited to liquid crystal displays (LCD), cathode ray tubes (CRT), television monitors and light emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • LCD liquid crystal displays
  • CRT cathode ray tubes
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • optical display device 150 is an LCD device like those known in the art and having a screen 152 (i.e., image plane).
  • the heads-up display of the present inventon employs focusing lens 160. Focusing lens 160 in conjunction with flat mirror 170, angled mirriors 180 and the lens of the user's eye, operates to focus the image plane object of display device 150 onto the retina of the user's eye.
  • flat mirror 170 and angled mirrors180 operate to fold the optical path between the image plane 152 and the user's retina thereby permitting the heads-up dispaly to function in the small confines offered by standard eyeware.
  • the plurality of angled mirrors 180 may collectively be referred to as a banded mirror.
  • the angled mirrored bands or mirrored facets comprising banded mirror 180 are disposed on the inner surface 1 12 of optical lens 110 and are separated by transparent, non-mirrored facets 185.
  • the mirrored facets 180 reflect the image plane object of display device 150 to the user's eye, while the transparent bands 185 simultaneously permit light entering from the outer surface 1 14 of optical lens 1 10 to enter the user's eye.
  • FIG. 2 is an expanded view of the banded mirror 180 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is presented to show that the use of the banded mirror reflects the flat mirror image into the user's eye.
  • the banded mirror 180 may be covered with plastic or glass to promote a smooth and easily cleaned surface.
  • the mirrored facets thereof as well as flat mirror 170 are coated with a reflective material such as, but not limited to, silver, aluminum and reflective plastics.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial block diagram representation of receiver 140 as shown in FIG. 1. It willbe appreciated by those skilled in the art that additional functionality is typically implemented in such a receiver. Notwithstanding, only those sections necessary for the present invention will be discussed.
  • receiver 140 comprises a receiver circuit 310, a video processor 320 and video cable 345.
  • Receiver circuit 310 may comprise any of the well known radio receiver technologies capable of receiving RF signals, demodulating said signals, and capturing the transmitted data (i.e., voice, text and/or video). The captured data is then passed to video procesor 320 which converts the data signals received from receiver circuit 320 into video signals for transmission to display device 150 via video cable 145 for further processing prior to display to the device user.
  • Video processors are well known in the art and have in the past been available by contacting ATI Technologies Inc. at 3761 Victoria Park Avenue Scarborough, Ontario Canada M1 W 3S2.
  • receiver 140 may be modified to include transmit functions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It will further be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the heads- up display of the present invention may function as the output terminal of a portable computer and used to transmit and receive information in a wireless environment where mobility is essential.

Abstract

An information display apparatus integrated into a pair of eyeglasses provides visual information to the eyeglass wearer. The apparatus includes a display device (150) having image plane (152) and a focusing lens (160). The focusing lens (160) in conjunction with a flat mirror (170) and angled mirrors (180) operates to focus the image plane object of the display device (150) to the user's eye.

Description

INFORMATION DISPLAY APPARATUS
Field of the Invention
This invention is relates generally to a display apparatus and more particularly to a heads-up display that is integrated into a pair of eyeglasses for providing a user with visual information.
Background of the Invention
A growing trend in the electronics industry is the coupling of general purpose data terminals such as notebook computers, lap-top computers, personal computers and the like with wireless communication devices and consequently wireless communications capabilities. As will be appreciated, wireless communication devices have enhanced the personal mobility of the computer user by providing the individual with the ability to transmit and receive information virtually any place or time via wireless communications media such as radio frequency (RF) and /or infrared (IR) channels. These portable communicating computers are rapidly changing the face of the industry as we know it today.
In the future, it is readily conceivable that other platforms will support wireless communications capabilities, thereby offering end users the ability to transmit and/or receive information via wireless communications media.
Summary of the Invention
Briefly described, the present invention is an information display apparatus integrated into a pair of eyeglasses for displaying visual information to the eyeglass wearer. The apparatus includes a display device mounted on the eyeglass frame for displaying information to the wearer, a plurality of angled mirrors disposed on a surface of at least one optical lens, and a mirror connected to the frame and disposed between the display devise and the plurality of angled mirrors for optically coupling the display device to the plurality of angled mirrors.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates an expanded view of a pair of eyeglasses employing the heads-up display apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an expanded view of the banded mirror of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 is a block diagram representation of the receiver shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment
Heads-up display devices are well known in the art and are typically employed to project text and/or graphical information into the field of view of the device user. FIG. 1 illustrates a pair of eyeglasses having an integrated heads-up display device in accordance with the present invention. The eyeglasses are considered standard eyeware and include a frame for supporting optical lens 110 including nose support 120 ear supports 130 by which the eyeglasses are held in place upon a user face during operation. The head-up display portion of the present invention includes a receiver 140, display device 150, focusing lens 160, flat mirror 170 and a plurality of angled mirrors 180 disposed on the surface of optical lens 110.
The receiver 140 receives the information to be displayed to the user. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, receiver 140 may connect to either a wireless or wireline information network from which the information is received. In accordance with the preferred embodiment receiver 140 is a wireless receiver capable of communicating over wireless media such as, but not limited to RF and/or IR communications channels. In accordance with the preferred embodiment, receiver 140 is an RF receiver as will be described in more detail below. Receiver 140 is coupled to optical display device 150 via video cable 145 in order to present the display device with the information for presentation to the user. As will be appreciated, optical display device 150 may comprise any of the well known visual display devices including, but not limited to liquid crystal displays (LCD), cathode ray tubes (CRT), television monitors and light emitting diodes (LEDs). In accordance with the preferred embodiment, optical display device 150 is an LCD device like those known in the art and having a screen 152 (i.e., image plane). In conjuncton with display device 150, the heads-up display of the present inventon employs focusing lens 160. Focusing lens 160 in conjunction with flat mirror 170, angled mirriors 180 and the lens of the user's eye, operates to focus the image plane object of display device 150 onto the retina of the user's eye. During this operation, flat mirror 170 and angled mirrors180 operate to fold the optical path between the image plane 152 and the user's retina thereby permitting the heads-up dispaly to function in the small confines offered by standard eyeware. The plurality of angled mirrors 180, may collectively be referred to as a banded mirror. As shown in FIG. 1 , the angled mirrored bands or mirrored facets comprising banded mirror 180 are disposed on the inner surface 1 12 of optical lens 110 and are separated by transparent, non-mirrored facets 185. The mirrored facets 180 reflect the image plane object of display device 150 to the user's eye, while the transparent bands 185 simultaneously permit light entering from the outer surface 1 14 of optical lens 1 10 to enter the user's eye. This point is further addressed with reference to FIG. 2, which is an expanded view of the banded mirror 180 of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is presented to show that the use of the banded mirror reflects the flat mirror image into the user's eye. The banded mirror 180 may be covered with plastic or glass to promote a smooth and easily cleaned surface. The mirrored facets thereof as well as flat mirror 170 are coated with a reflective material such as, but not limited to, silver, aluminum and reflective plastics.
FIG. 3 is a partial block diagram representation of receiver 140 as shown in FIG. 1. It willbe appreciated by those skilled in the art that additional functionality is typically implemented in such a receiver. Notwithstanding, only those sections necessary for the present invention will be discussed. As shown receiver 140 comprises a receiver circuit 310, a video processor 320 and video cable 345. Receiver circuit 310 may comprise any of the well known radio receiver technologies capable of receiving RF signals, demodulating said signals, and capturing the transmitted data (i.e., voice, text and/or video). The captured data is then passed to video procesor 320 which converts the data signals received from receiver circuit 320 into video signals for transmission to display device 150 via video cable 145 for further processing prior to display to the device user. Video processors are well known in the art and have in the past been available by contacting ATI Technologies Inc. at 3761 Victoria Park Avenue Scarborough, Ontario Canada M1 W 3S2.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that receiver 140 may be modified to include transmit functions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It will further be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the heads- up display of the present invention may function as the output terminal of a portable computer and used to transmit and receive information in a wireless environment where mobility is essential.
What is claimed is:

Claims

Claims
1. An information display apparatus integrated into a pair of eyeglasses having a frame for supporting optical lenses, the eyeglasses are to be worn by an apparatus user, said apparatus comprising:
an optical display device mounted on the eyeglass frame for displaying information to the user;
a plurality of angled mirrors disposed on a surface of at least one optical lens; and
a mirror connected to the frame and disposed between the display devise and the plurality of angled mirrors for optically coupling the display device to the plurality of angled mirrors.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plurality of angled mirrors are coated with a light reflecting material.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plurality of angled mirrors are angled so as to reflect an image presented by the display device into the user's eye.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plurality of angled mirrors disposed on a surface of the optical lens are separated to provide non-mirrored portions of the optical lens.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the light reflecting material is selected from the group consisting of: silver; aluminum; and reflective plastics.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the display device has an image plane.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising means for focusing a display device image plane object onto the eyeglass wearer's retina.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the display device is selected from the group consisting of: liquid crystal displays; television monitors; light emitting diodes; and cathode ray tubes.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the optical lens is selected from the group consisting of: corrective lenses; non-corrective lenses; flat lenses; and curved lens.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a banded mirror disposed on a surface of the optical lens.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the banded mirror is disposed within the optical lens.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the banded mirror is comprised of plastic or glass.
13. An information display apparatus integrated into a pair of eyeglasses having a frame for supporting optical lenses, the eyeglasses are to be worn by an apparatus user, said apparatus comprising:
an optical display device mounted on the eyeglass frame for displaying information to the user;
a plurality of angled mirrors disposed on a surface of at least one optical lens;
a flat mirror connected to the frame and disposed between the display devise and the plurality of angled mirrors for optically coupling the display device to the plurality of angled mirrors; and
a focusing lens, coupled to the frame and disposed between the display device and the flat mirror for focusing a display device object prior to delivery to the device user.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising a receiver coupled to the display device for receiving the information to be displayed to the device user.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the plurality of angled mirrors disposed on a surface of the optical lens are separated to provide non-mirrored portions of the optical lens for admitting light to the user.
EP95910150A 1994-03-04 1995-01-31 Information display apparatus Withdrawn EP0701708A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US208241 1988-06-17
US20824194A 1994-03-04 1994-03-04
PCT/US1995/001267 WO1995023994A1 (en) 1994-03-04 1995-01-31 Information display apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0701708A1 true EP0701708A1 (en) 1996-03-20
EP0701708A4 EP0701708A4 (en) 1996-09-18

Family

ID=22773827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95910150A Withdrawn EP0701708A4 (en) 1994-03-04 1995-01-31 Information display apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0701708A4 (en)
JP (1) JPH08510568A (en)
CA (1) CA2158271A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995023994A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6353503B1 (en) * 1999-06-21 2002-03-05 The Micropitical Corporation Eyeglass display lens system employing off-axis optical design
US20020186179A1 (en) * 2001-06-07 2002-12-12 Knowles Gary R. Optical display device
US9217868B2 (en) 2007-01-12 2015-12-22 Kopin Corporation Monocular display device
US8855719B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2014-10-07 Kopin Corporation Wireless hands-free computing headset with detachable accessories controllable by motion, body gesture and/or vocal commands
US9235262B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-01-12 Kopin Corporation Remote control of host application using motion and voice commands
JP2010527557A (en) 2007-05-14 2010-08-12 コピン コーポレーション Mobile radio display for accessing data from host and method for controlling the same
US8355671B2 (en) 2008-01-04 2013-01-15 Kopin Corporation Method and apparatus for transporting video signal over Bluetooth wireless interface
US9886231B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2018-02-06 Kopin Corporation Head worn wireless computer having high-resolution display suitable for use as a mobile internet device
DE102009010537B4 (en) * 2009-02-25 2018-03-01 Carl Zeiss Smart Optics Gmbh Beam combiner and use of such in a display device
WO2011097564A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Kopin Corporation Touch sensor for controlling eyewear
US10013976B2 (en) 2010-09-20 2018-07-03 Kopin Corporation Context sensitive overlays in voice controlled headset computer displays
US8736516B2 (en) 2010-09-20 2014-05-27 Kopin Corporation Bluetooth or other wireless interface with power management for head mounted display
US9316827B2 (en) 2010-09-20 2016-04-19 Kopin Corporation LifeBoard—series of home pages for head mounted displays (HMD) that respond to head tracking
US8706170B2 (en) 2010-09-20 2014-04-22 Kopin Corporation Miniature communications gateway for head mounted display
US9377862B2 (en) 2010-09-20 2016-06-28 Kopin Corporation Searchlight navigation using headtracker to reveal hidden or extra document data
US8862186B2 (en) 2010-09-21 2014-10-14 Kopin Corporation Lapel microphone micro-display system incorporating mobile information access system
CN109116985A (en) 2011-05-10 2019-01-01 寇平公司 The method that control information is shown
US8929954B2 (en) 2012-04-25 2015-01-06 Kopin Corporation Headset computer (HSC) as auxiliary display with ASR and HT input
US9442290B2 (en) 2012-05-10 2016-09-13 Kopin Corporation Headset computer operation using vehicle sensor feedback for remote control vehicle
US9378028B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2016-06-28 Kopin Corporation Headset computer (HSC) with docking station and dual personality
USD713406S1 (en) 2012-11-30 2014-09-16 Kopin Corporation Headset computer with reversible display
US9160064B2 (en) 2012-12-28 2015-10-13 Kopin Corporation Spatially diverse antennas for a headset computer
US9134793B2 (en) 2013-01-04 2015-09-15 Kopin Corporation Headset computer with head tracking input used for inertial control
US9620144B2 (en) 2013-01-04 2017-04-11 Kopin Corporation Confirmation of speech commands for control of headset computers
US9301085B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2016-03-29 Kopin Corporation Computer headset with detachable 4G radio
JP2016114885A (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 大日本印刷株式会社 Head-mounted display device

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3787109A (en) * 1972-06-28 1974-01-22 Honeywell Inc Inside helmet sight apparatus
JPS54150877A (en) * 1978-05-19 1979-11-27 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd Reflective plate construction
EP0011024A1 (en) * 1978-11-07 1980-05-14 Thomson-Csf Helmet mounted visualization system
US4220400A (en) * 1977-02-22 1980-09-02 Honeywell Inc. Display apparatus with reflective separated structure
FR2612351A1 (en) * 1987-03-10 1988-09-16 Witzig Patrick System for simultaneous transmission of radiobroadcast orders and televised images
US4997263A (en) * 1989-06-12 1991-03-05 Allied-Signal Inc. Ambient light illuminated liquid crystal display system
US5033818A (en) * 1989-01-13 1991-07-23 Barr Howard S Electronic diving system and face mask display

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2388170A (en) * 1943-04-15 1945-10-30 Mccollum Thelma Stereoscopic television apparatus
DE1103961B (en) * 1959-12-02 1961-04-06 Alexander Christov Karaminkov Television picture display device in the form of glasses
US3936605A (en) * 1972-02-14 1976-02-03 Textron, Inc. Eyeglass mounted visual display
US5151722A (en) * 1990-11-05 1992-09-29 The Johns Hopkins University Video display on spectacle-like frame

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3787109A (en) * 1972-06-28 1974-01-22 Honeywell Inc Inside helmet sight apparatus
US4220400A (en) * 1977-02-22 1980-09-02 Honeywell Inc. Display apparatus with reflective separated structure
JPS54150877A (en) * 1978-05-19 1979-11-27 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd Reflective plate construction
EP0011024A1 (en) * 1978-11-07 1980-05-14 Thomson-Csf Helmet mounted visualization system
FR2612351A1 (en) * 1987-03-10 1988-09-16 Witzig Patrick System for simultaneous transmission of radiobroadcast orders and televised images
US5033818A (en) * 1989-01-13 1991-07-23 Barr Howard S Electronic diving system and face mask display
US4997263A (en) * 1989-06-12 1991-03-05 Allied-Signal Inc. Ambient light illuminated liquid crystal display system

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 4, no. 13 (M-090) & JP-A-54 150877 (IWASAKI ELECTRIC), 27 November 1979, *
See also references of WO9523994A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08510568A (en) 1996-11-05
WO1995023994A1 (en) 1995-09-08
EP0701708A4 (en) 1996-09-18
CA2158271A1 (en) 1995-09-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1995023994A1 (en) Information display apparatus
EP1027626B1 (en) Light weight, compact remountable electronic display device for eyeglasses or other head-borne eyewear frames
US7118212B2 (en) Image display device
US7969657B2 (en) Imaging systems for eyeglass-based display devices
US7484847B2 (en) Eyeglasses having integrated telescoping video camera and video display
US20030090439A1 (en) Light weight, compact, remountable face-supported electronic display
JP2896606B2 (en) Image display device
JP4411547B2 (en) Image display device
US5757339A (en) Head mounted display
KR100441697B1 (en) Compact optical system and packaging for head mounted display
US20060052146A1 (en) Heated mounted display device with mobile phone functions
JPH0836143A (en) Head-mount display device
JP2003505718A (en) Communication integrated device and method
CN100432744C (en) Headwared focusing display device with cell-phone function
US20030015662A1 (en) Night vision device
US6394601B1 (en) Spectacle-mounted micro display ocular
WO2004053564A3 (en) Face-mounted apparatus having spectacles and a video display integrated into the spectacles
JP2000089157A (en) Head mount display
US20050012683A1 (en) Spectacle with data receiving and projecting device
JP3077165B2 (en) Glasses-type image display device
US20040061664A1 (en) Integrated spectacles and display unit for computers and video
WO2001088597A9 (en) Virtual imaging system for small font text
US10571697B2 (en) Optic for head mounted display
JPH0746513A (en) Headphone type video display device
JP2001359088A (en) Flat plate type digital magnifying glass system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19960308

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 19960730

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A4

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20001207

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20010418

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230522