EP0701955A1 - Packaging for long-life shelf food - Google Patents

Packaging for long-life shelf food Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0701955A1
EP0701955A1 EP94440057A EP94440057A EP0701955A1 EP 0701955 A1 EP0701955 A1 EP 0701955A1 EP 94440057 A EP94440057 A EP 94440057A EP 94440057 A EP94440057 A EP 94440057A EP 0701955 A1 EP0701955 A1 EP 0701955A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
packaging
container
orifices
false bottom
group
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Granted
Application number
EP94440057A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0701955B1 (en
Inventor
François Guillin
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Groupe Guillin SA
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Groupe Guillin SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Groupe Guillin SA filed Critical Groupe Guillin SA
Priority to AT94440057T priority Critical patent/ATE146750T1/en
Priority to EP94440057A priority patent/EP0701955B1/en
Priority to DE69401276T priority patent/DE69401276T2/en
Priority to ES94440057T priority patent/ES2096431T3/en
Publication of EP0701955A1 publication Critical patent/EP0701955A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0701955B1 publication Critical patent/EP0701955B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
    • B65D81/264—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing liquids
    • B65D81/265—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing liquids the absorbent being placed beneath a false bottom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/34—Trays or like shallow containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
    • B65D81/261—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for draining or collecting liquids without absorbing them
    • B65D81/262—Rigid containers having false bottoms provided with passages for draining and receiving liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a packaging for long-term storage and preservation intended for fresh products tending to exude a liquid capable of significantly reducing their period of consumption.
  • This type of packaging is intended to preserve products, in particular seafood or meat, for a period of up to twenty days, and is used in an industrial type distribution process for products considered fresh. In other words, it is a packaging used by manufacturers, upstream of the consumer sales circuit, to ensure the conservation during the succession of the various links in the distribution chain.
  • the first is resolved by introducing a gas into the sealed volume after having evacuated therein, said gas mainly having the function of ensuring preservation.
  • a good solution consists in using a buffer located between the bottom and a false bottom on which the said product rests, the assembly constituting a packaging tray known per se.
  • This buffer also contains a water-reactive agent capable of modifying the atmosphere according to the fumes of the products, by ventilation effect.
  • the original structure of the packaging of the invention aims to respond to the problems posed above, by proposing a container type of external container, intermediate buffer and false bottom fitted into the container, with a gas circulation device. internal or, according to another terminology, a ventilation device.
  • the invention is characterized in that the false bottom comprises a first group of orifices allowing the exuded liquid to be brought into contact with the tampon, and a second group of orifices situated between the useful volume of capacity of the packaging and a volume defined between the external container and the false bottom and / or the parts of the buffer not in contact with the exudate, so as to establish gas exchanges between the two volumes mentioned.
  • the respective shapes of the false bottom and the buffer are provided so as to prevent any contact between the product to be preserved and said hydrosensor buffer.
  • the outer container has reliefs intended to establish a gas circulation between the tampon and its bottom. These reliefs in fact provide passage zones towards the orifices of the second group. They are in fact canal conduits arranged between flat raised zones supporting the tampon, said conduits intersecting and opening into a peripheral zone of the bottom which communicates with said orifices of the second group.
  • one of the faces of the tampon receives the exudates which pass through the orifices of the first group, that is to say those which are formed in the flat part of the false bottom.
  • the other side is indirectly oriented towards the orifices of the second group, as well as the lateral sides. This second face rests on the raised areas and gives on the channels of the bottom which intersect, allowing the circulation of the gaseous fluid.
  • the channels open into a peripheral zone at the bottom of the container, of the same level and located near the orifices of the second group, which are generally located on the part of the false bottom opposite this peripheral zone.
  • the exudates when they cross the false bottom, are absorbed by the buffer which performs its chemical function of neutralization and regeneration.
  • the fumes from the product are therefore inhibited by the buffer which also regenerates the atmosphere, with the help of a gas circulation allowed by the two groups of orifices which in fact create a closed ventilation circuit inside packaging.
  • the only obstacle to the gaseous fluid is constituted by the buffer, one of the faces of which is directed towards one of the groups of orifices, while the other face is rather oriented towards the other group of orifices.
  • the nature of the material used to produce said buffer causes the liquid to stop, which cannot cross the obstacle, and simple resistance in the gaseous fluid ventilation loop.
  • the air or more generally the regenerated gas can be "reinjected” into the useful volume containing the product, by through the orifices of the second group. Further on, in the gas circulation circuit, at the level of the absorption zones of the exudates by the buffer, the gas is in contact with the said exudates, after having been the product to be preserved proper. It is therefore “vitiated” and requires the regenerative treatment carried out by the tampon.
  • the outer container also has reliefs on the bottom intended to support the false bottom, or even to fix it. These reliefs, even if they are arranged over a large part of the length or width of the container, should not prevent the circulation of the gaseous fluid. In particular, they give access to the peripheral zone on which the orifices of the second group give.
  • the tampon may also include orifices, preferably located opposite the orifices of the first group, and forming small exudate reservoirs while the liquid is being absorbed by the tampon. Since the channels at the bottom of the container have the essential function of circulating a gaseous fluid, it is clear that they cannot be opposite the holes in the tampon, so as not to be filled with exudate. The very function of the buffer would no longer be ensured, since we would then be left with gaseous fluid in contact with the exudate on either side of the regenerating buffer.
  • the shape of the orifices in the first group of the false bottom is chosen so that the liquid is trapped when it falls into the holes in the tampon.
  • the walls of these orifices are funnel-shaped protruding from the false bottom so that the narrow necks of said funnels are introduced into the holes in the tampon.
  • the ends of said funnels are moreover preferably conical, in order to further reinforce the trapping effect of the exudates.
  • the orifices of the second group are preferably located in the part of the false bottom having an appearance substantially parallel to the peripheral walls of the external container, and near the zone for fixing said false bottom to the container.
  • orifices may not be perforated in the false bottom, but result from residual spaces remaining between the external container and said false bottom, when the latter is fitted therein and welded.
  • the packaging of the invention must be provided with a tamper-proof water-absorbing pad. This is why the false bottom is generally welded to the container.
  • the outer container and the false bottom are preferably made of polypropylene.
  • Said outer container (1) comprises two types of reliefs to be distinguished, because they fulfill two different functions.
  • the reliefs (4) intended to allow the circulation of the gaseous fluid.
  • these are flat prismatic mounds (4) separated by channels (5) which intersect and open out in a peripheral zone (6) partially blocked by a second type of relief (7).
  • the latter (7) are intended to support, or even fix (for example by welding, thermal or ultrasonic ...) the false bottom (3).
  • the peripheral shape of these mounds (4) does not matter, provided that the channels which separate them intersect to allow free passage of the gaseous fluid and they open into the peripheral zone (6).
  • the rim (17) of the false bottom is welded at this shoulder (9), as well as at the reliefs (7).
  • the container (1) and the false bottom (3) are welded in order to make the space between them inviolable.
  • This shoulder (9) is extended by a terminal edge (10) on which the film is heat sealed (not shown).
  • the buffer (2) is applied between the reliefs (7) which help in its installation by delimiting its positioning area. It is provided with cylindrical holes (11) which pass right through it, and are arranged so as to be approximately centered on the flat mounds (4) for the reasons explained above, aiming in particular to prevent exudates from arrive in the channels (5).
  • holes (11) correspond to the orifices (12) of the false bottom (3) with which they are substantially coaxial in the assembled position.
  • the liquid penetrates there and is gradually absorbed by the tampon (2) at the walls of said holes (11).
  • These vertical walls are therefore of great functional importance, as will also be seen hereinafter, in combination with the orifices (12) known as of the first group, those of the planar part (13) of the false bottom (3).
  • These (12) have in fact a funnel shape making it possible to guide the liquids which flow from the main volume of the container (V) into the cavities which form the holes (11) of the pad resting on the flat mounds (4 ) from the bottom of the container (1).
  • the ends (16) of said funnels are preferably conical, and serve to trap the liquid in the volumes formed by the holes (11).
  • the false bottom (3) comprises two distinct parts: a flat bottom (13) bearing on said mounds (4), and flanges (14) which rise up towards the upper peripheral edge (10) of the container (1), substantially parallel to the edges of said container (1).
  • Figure 2 shows particularly clearly the end portions (16) funneling the orifices (12) of the first group, protruding from the surface (13) of the false bottom (3) to be inserted in the corresponding holes (11) of the buffer (2).
  • Figure 3 is a cross section, but a longitudinal section would have been strictly equivalent, due to the existence of symmetry with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the bottom of the tray. It shows the systematic offset that exists between the channels (5) of the bottom of the container and the funnels (12) of the false bottom (and therefore the holes (11) of the buffer).
  • the circulation of gas in the peripheral zones (6) towards the orifices of the second group (15) is also clearly demonstrated.
  • the orifices (15) can also be residual spaces formed between the container (1) and the false bottom (3), at the level of the rim (17) for fixing the false bottom to the shoulder (9), and making office of ventilation points.
  • the hermetically sealed container generally contains a gas injected at the time of sealing, the preservation properties of which are adequate.
  • the object of the invention is mainly oriented towards the structure of the tray and its three elements, with variants which remain in the spirit of what is claimed.
  • the chemical compositions of the inhibitor intended to neutralize the fumes of the products and of the regeneration reagent can be of all types without changing the nature of the invention.
  • the synthetic materials used for the manufacture of the container (1) and of the heat-sealed film can be complex, having characteristics preventing the crossing of gases, aromas and water vapor.

Abstract

The container consists of an outer member designed to receive a moisture absorbent pad, and a liner forming a false bottom for the container, which is hermetically sealed. The liner has one set of holes in its base and a second group between the liner and outer member to provide for gas exchange. The outer element has projections on its base to form gas exchange channels and other to support and/or fix the position of the liner. The outer member and the liner are made from polypropylene, welded together with the absorbent pad between.

Description

La présente invention concerne un emballage de conditionnement et de conservation longue durée destiné à des produits frais tendant à exsuder un liquide susceptible de diminuer de manière importante leur durée de consommation.The present invention relates to a packaging for long-term storage and preservation intended for fresh products tending to exude a liquid capable of significantly reducing their period of consumption.

Ce type d'emballage est destiné à conserver des produits, en particulier marins ou carnés, pour une durée allant jusqu'à une vingtaine de jours, et est employé dans un processus de distribution de type industriel pour des produits considérés comme frais. En d'autres termes, il s'agit d'un conditionnement utilisé par les industriels, en amont du circuit de vente aux consommateurs, pour assurer la conservation au cours de la succession des différents maillons de la chaîne de distribution.This type of packaging is intended to preserve products, in particular seafood or meat, for a period of up to twenty days, and is used in an industrial type distribution process for products considered fresh. In other words, it is a packaging used by manufacturers, upstream of the consumer sales circuit, to ensure the conservation during the succession of the various links in the distribution chain.

Le produit est scellé dans un volume étanche, dans lequel on le maintient consommable le plus longtemps possible. Deux problèmes se posent :

  • conserver le produit dans une atmosphère spécifique lui assurant une durée de vie de longueur maximale, et
  • compenser les émanations issues du produit au cours de la période de conservation, et qui sont susceptibles d'altérer ladite atmosphère originelle.
The product is sealed in a sealed volume, in which it is kept consumable as long as possible. Two problems arise:
  • store the product in a specific atmosphere ensuring a maximum shelf life, and
  • compensate for the fumes from the product during the storage period, which are likely to alter the original atmosphere.

Le premier est résolu par introduction d'un gaz dans le volume étanche après y avoir fait le vide, ledit gaz ayant principalement pour fonction d'assurer la conservation.The first is resolved by introducing a gas into the sealed volume after having evacuated therein, said gas mainly having the function of ensuring preservation.

La compensation des émanations est ensuite effectuée par un inhibiteur chimique, qui ne doit pas être au contact de l'aliment, et est hydrocapteur de manière à agir directement sur les exsudats des produits à conserver. Une bonne solution consiste à utiliser un tampon situé entre le fond et un faux-fond sur lequel repose ledit produit, l'ensemble constituant une barquette de conditionnement connue en soi. Ce tampon contient également un hydroréactif capable de modifier l'atmosphère en fonction des émanations des produits, par effet de ventilation.The compensation of the emanations is then carried out by a chemical inhibitor, which must not be in contact with the food, and is hydrosensor so as to act directly on the exudates of the products to be preserved. A good solution consists in using a buffer located between the bottom and a false bottom on which the said product rests, the assembly constituting a packaging tray known per se. This buffer also contains a water-reactive agent capable of modifying the atmosphere according to the fumes of the products, by ventilation effect.

Le probème est que la réaction chimique, pour assurer sa fonction de modification de l'atmosphère, nécessite une circulation gazeuse dans le volume de ladite barquette. Il faut donc concevoir une structure permettant :

  • de mettre et de maintenir les exsudats au contact du tampon, de manière à anéantir leurs effets indésirables, et
  • de renouveler l'ambiance gazeuse initiale au fur et à mesure que le temps s'écoule, de manière que les émanations du produit ne la vicient pas, ce qui aurait pour effet de diminuer la durée de vie du produit.
The problem is that the chemical reaction, to perform its function of modifying the atmosphere, requires a gas circulation in the volume of said tray. It is therefore necessary to design a structure allowing:
  • to bring and maintain the exudates in contact with the tampon, so as to annihilate their undesirable effects, and
  • to renew the initial gaseous atmosphere as time passes, so that the fumes of the product do not vitiate it, which would have the effect of reducing the life of the product.

La structure originale de l'emballage de l'invention a pour but de répondre aux problèmes posés ci-dessus, en proposant une barquette de type à récipient externe, tampon intermédiaire et faux-fond emboîté dans le récipient, avec un dispositif de circulation gazeuse interne ou, selon une autre terminologie, un dispositif de ventilation.The original structure of the packaging of the invention aims to respond to the problems posed above, by proposing a container type of external container, intermediate buffer and false bottom fitted into the container, with a gas circulation device. internal or, according to another terminology, a ventilation device.

A cet effet, l'invention est caractérisée en ce que le faux-fond comporte un premier groupe d'orifices permettant au liquide exsudé d'être mis au contact du tampon, et un second groupe d'orifices situés entre le volume utile de contenance de l'emballage et un volume défini entre le récipient externe et le faux-fond et / ou les parties du tampon non en contact avec l'exsudat, de manière à établir des échanges gazeux entre les deux volumes mentionnés.To this end, the invention is characterized in that the false bottom comprises a first group of orifices allowing the exuded liquid to be brought into contact with the tampon, and a second group of orifices situated between the useful volume of capacity of the packaging and a volume defined between the external container and the false bottom and / or the parts of the buffer not in contact with the exudate, so as to establish gas exchanges between the two volumes mentioned.

De plus, les formes respectives du faux-fond et du tampon sont prévues de manière à empêcher tout contact entre le produit à conserver et ledit tampon hydrocapteur.In addition, the respective shapes of the false bottom and the buffer are provided so as to prevent any contact between the product to be preserved and said hydrosensor buffer.

Le récipient extérieur comporte des reliefs destinés à établir une circulation gazeuse entre le tampon et son fond. Ces reliefs ménagent en fait des zones de passage vers les orifices du second groupe. Il s'agit en réalité de conduits canalaires disposés entre des zones surélevées planes supportant le tampon, lesdits conduits s'entrecroisant et débouchant dans une zone périphérique du fond qui communique avec lesdits orifices du second groupe.The outer container has reliefs intended to establish a gas circulation between the tampon and its bottom. These reliefs in fact provide passage zones towards the orifices of the second group. They are in fact canal conduits arranged between flat raised zones supporting the tampon, said conduits intersecting and opening into a peripheral zone of the bottom which communicates with said orifices of the second group.

La configuration se présente par conséquent schématiquement de la manière suivante : l'une des faces du tampon reçoit les exsudats qui traversent les orifices du premier groupe, c'est-à-dire ceux qui sont pratiqués dans la partie plane du faux-fond. L'autre face est par contre indirectement orientée vers les orifices du second groupe, ainsi d'ailleurs que les côtés latéraux. Cette seconde face repose sur les zones surélevées et donne sur les canaux du fond qui s'entrecroisent, permettant la circulation du fluide gazeux.The configuration is therefore schematically presented as follows: one of the faces of the tampon receives the exudates which pass through the orifices of the first group, that is to say those which are formed in the flat part of the false bottom. The other side, on the other hand, is indirectly oriented towards the orifices of the second group, as well as the lateral sides. This second face rests on the raised areas and gives on the channels of the bottom which intersect, allowing the circulation of the gaseous fluid.

Les canaux débouchent dans une zone périphérique du fond du récipient, de même niveau et située à proximité des orifices du second groupe, qui sont généralement localisés sur la partie du faux-fond en regard de cette zone périphérique.The channels open into a peripheral zone at the bottom of the container, of the same level and located near the orifices of the second group, which are generally located on the part of the false bottom opposite this peripheral zone.

En d'autres termes, les exsudats, lorsqu'ils traversent le faux-fond, sont absorbés par le tampon qui réalise sa fonction chimique de neutralisation et de régénération. Les émanations du produit sont donc inhibées par le tampon qui régénère au surplus l'atmosphère, avec l'aide d'une circulation de gaz permise par les deux groupes d'orifices qui réalisent en fait un circuit fermé de ventilation à l'intérieur de l'emballage. Le seul obstacle au fluide gazeux est constitué par le tampon, dont l'une des faces est dirigée vers un des groupes d'orifices, alors que l'autre face est plutôt orientée vers l'autre groupe d'orifices. Cependant, la nature du matériau employé pour réaliser ledit tampon entraîne l'arrêt du liquide, qui ne peut franchir l'obstacle, et une simple résistance dans la boucle de ventilation du fluide gazeux.In other words, the exudates, when they cross the false bottom, are absorbed by the buffer which performs its chemical function of neutralization and regeneration. The fumes from the product are therefore inhibited by the buffer which also regenerates the atmosphere, with the help of a gas circulation allowed by the two groups of orifices which in fact create a closed ventilation circuit inside packaging. The only obstacle to the gaseous fluid is constituted by the buffer, one of the faces of which is directed towards one of the groups of orifices, while the other face is rather oriented towards the other group of orifices. However, the nature of the material used to produce said buffer causes the liquid to stop, which cannot cross the obstacle, and simple resistance in the gaseous fluid ventilation loop.

Au sortir du tampon, c'est-à-dire en partie inférieure, au niveau des canaux pratiqués dans le fond du récipient, l'air ou plus généralement le gaz régénéré peut être "réinjecté" dans le volume utile contenant le produit, par l'intermédiaire des orifices du second groupe. Plus loin, dans le circuit de circulation du gaz, au niveau des zones d'absorption des exsudats par le tampon, le gaz est au contact desdits exsudats, après l'avoir été du produit à conserver proprement dit. Il est donc "vicié" et nécessite le traitement régénérateur effectué par le tampon.On leaving the buffer, that is to say in the lower part, at the level of the channels formed in the bottom of the container, the air or more generally the regenerated gas can be "reinjected" into the useful volume containing the product, by through the orifices of the second group. Further on, in the gas circulation circuit, at the level of the absorption zones of the exudates by the buffer, the gas is in contact with the said exudates, after having been the product to be preserved proper. It is therefore "vitiated" and requires the regenerative treatment carried out by the tampon.

Selon l'invention, le récipient extérieur comporte également des reliefs sur le fond destinés à supporter le faux-fond, voire à le fixer. Ces reliefs, même s'ils sont disposés sur une grande partie de la longueur ou de la largeur du récipient, ne doivent pas empêcher la circulation du fluide gazeux. Ils laissent notamment un accès à la zone périphérique sur laquelle donnent les orifices du second groupe.According to the invention, the outer container also has reliefs on the bottom intended to support the false bottom, or even to fix it. These reliefs, even if they are arranged over a large part of the length or width of the container, should not prevent the circulation of the gaseous fluid. In particular, they give access to the peripheral zone on which the orifices of the second group give.

Le tampon peut aussi comporter des orifices, préférentiellement situés en regard des orifices du premier groupe, et formant des petits réservoirs à exsudat pendant que le liquide est en cours d'absorption par le tampon. Les canaux du fond du récipient ayant pour fonction essentielle la circulation d'un fluide gazeux, il est clair qu'ils ne sauraient être en regard des trous du tampon, de manière à n'être point remplis d'exsudat. La fonction même du tampon ne serait d'ailleurs plus assurée, car on se retrouverait alors avec du fluide gazeux en contact avec l'exsudat de part et d'autre du tampon régénérateur.The tampon may also include orifices, preferably located opposite the orifices of the first group, and forming small exudate reservoirs while the liquid is being absorbed by the tampon. Since the channels at the bottom of the container have the essential function of circulating a gaseous fluid, it is clear that they cannot be opposite the holes in the tampon, so as not to be filled with exudate. The very function of the buffer would no longer be ensured, since we would then be left with gaseous fluid in contact with the exudate on either side of the regenerating buffer.

Pour améliorer l'efficacité des "réservoirs" à exsudat, la forme des orifices du premier groupe du faux-fond est choisie de telle sorte que le liquide est piégé lorsqu'il tombe dans les trous du tampon. Ainsi, les parois de ces orifices sont en forme d'entonnoir dépassant du faux-fond de sorte que les goulets étroits desdits entonnoirs sont introduits dans les trous du tampon.To improve the efficiency of the exudate "reservoirs", the shape of the orifices in the first group of the false bottom is chosen so that the liquid is trapped when it falls into the holes in the tampon. Thus, the walls of these orifices are funnel-shaped protruding from the false bottom so that the narrow necks of said funnels are introduced into the holes in the tampon.

Ces parois dépassant dans les trous du tampon agissent à la manière de chicanes anti-retour pour bloquer le liquide dans le volume ainsi créé entre l'entonnoir et les parois des trous du tampon, de sorte que si l'emballage est incliné, voire retourné, le liquide non encore absorbé reste dans lesdits volumes.These walls protruding into the holes of the tampon act in the manner of non-return baffles to block the liquid in the volume thus created between the funnel and the walls of the holes of the tampon, so that if the packaging is tilted or even turned upside down , the liquid not yet absorbed remains in said volumes.

Les extrémités desdits entonnoirs sont d'ailleurs préférentiellement coniques, afin de renforcer encore l'effet de piégeage des exsudats.The ends of said funnels are moreover preferably conical, in order to further reinforce the trapping effect of the exudates.

Le type d'emballage appliqué à des aliments qui doivent bénéficier d'une longue conservation peut prendre diverses formes, mais la nécessité du scellement implique souvent un récipient assez profond. Dans ce cas, les orifices du second groupe sont préférentiellement situés dans la partie du faux-fond d'allure sensiblement parallèle aux parois périphériques du récipient extérieur, et à proximité de la zone de fixation dudit faux-fond au récipient.The type of packaging applied to foods that need long shelf life can take many forms, but the need for sealing often involves a fairly deep container. In this case, the orifices of the second group are preferably located in the part of the false bottom having an appearance substantially parallel to the peripheral walls of the external container, and near the zone for fixing said false bottom to the container.

En d'autres termes, lorsque les bords du récipient remontent sensiblement, on prévoit un faux-fond dont l'allure générale épouse non seulement la forme du fond, mais également celle des parois. Cela permet au concepteur d'introduire les orifices du second groupe en partie supérieure, à proximité des bords périphériques et de la zone de scellement. Le circuit de ventilation est alors plus ample et améliore l'efficacité de la régénération gazeuse.In other words, when the edges of the container rise appreciably, a false bottom is provided, the general appearance of which not only follows the shape of the bottom, but also that of the walls. This allows the designer to introduce the orifices of the second group in the upper part, near the peripheral edges and the sealing area. The ventilation circuit is then wider and improves the efficiency of gas regeneration.

Ces orifices peuvent ne pas être perforés dans le faux-fond, mais résulter d'espaces résiduels subsistant entre le récipient externe et ledit faux-fond, lorsque ce dernier y est emboîté et soudé.These orifices may not be perforated in the false bottom, but result from residual spaces remaining between the external container and said false bottom, when the latter is fitted therein and welded.

Selon une caractéristique importante, l'emballage de l'invention doit être muni d'un tampon hydrocapteur inviolable. C'est pourquoi, le faux-fond est généralement soudé au récipient.According to an important characteristic, the packaging of the invention must be provided with a tamper-proof water-absorbing pad. This is why the false bottom is generally welded to the container.

Le récipient extérieur et le faux-fond, réalisés en matériau synthétique, sont de préférence fabriqués en polypropylène.The outer container and the false bottom, made of synthetic material, are preferably made of polypropylene.

Dans la suite, on va décrire de manière plus détaillée l'emballage faisant l'objet de la présente invention, en se référant aux dessins annexés, pour lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une perspective éclatée d'une configuration possible de l'invention, vue par dessus,
  • la figure 2 est une seconde perspective éclatée de la même configuration vue par dessous, et
  • la figure 3 est une coupe d'une barquette selon l'invention assemblée, avec ses trois éléments constitutifs en position de fonctionnement.
In the following, a description will be given in more detail of the packaging which is the subject of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, for which:
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a possible configuration of the invention, seen from above,
  • FIG. 2 is a second exploded perspective of the same configuration seen from below, and
  • Figure 3 is a section of a tray according to the invention assembled, with its three components in the operating position.

Ces figures proposent une configuration qui doit être envisagée en tant qu'exemple, et non pas comme une forme limitative de l'invention. Cette perspective éclatée représente les trois éléments constitutifs de l'invention, à savoir le récipient extérieur (1), le tampon (2) et le faux-fond (3).These figures propose a configuration which should be considered as an example, and not as a limiting form of the invention. This exploded perspective represents the three constituent elements of the invention, namely the outer container (1), the buffer (2) and the false bottom (3).

Ledit récipient extérieur (1) comporte deux types de reliefs à distinguer, parce que remplissant deux fonctions différentes. En premier lieu, les reliefs (4) destinés à permettre la circulation du fluide gazeux. Il s'agit dans ce cas de buttes prismatiques planes (4) séparées par des canaux (5) qui s'entrecroisent et débouchent dans une zone périphérique (6) partiellement barrée par un second type de reliefs (7). Ces derniers (7) sont destinés à supporter, voire à fixer (par exemple par soudage, thermique ou à ultrasons ...) le faux-fond (3).Said outer container (1) comprises two types of reliefs to be distinguished, because they fulfill two different functions. First, the reliefs (4) intended to allow the circulation of the gaseous fluid. In this case, these are flat prismatic mounds (4) separated by channels (5) which intersect and open out in a peripheral zone (6) partially blocked by a second type of relief (7). The latter (7) are intended to support, or even fix (for example by welding, thermal or ultrasonic ...) the false bottom (3).

Bien entendu, la surface supérieure des premiers reliefs (4) du fond du récipient (1) restant plane, afin de servir de support au tampon, la forme périphérique de ces buttes (4) importe peu, à condition que les canaux qui les séparent s'entrecroisent pour laisser libre passage au fluide gazeux et qu'ils débouchent dans la zone périphérique (6).Of course, the upper surface of the first reliefs (4) of the bottom of the container (1) remaining flat, in order to serve as a support for the tampon, the peripheral shape of these mounds (4) does not matter, provided that the channels which separate them intersect to allow free passage of the gaseous fluid and they open into the peripheral zone (6).

De même, il est possible de rajouter des reliefs (7) supports du faux-fond (3) dans la zone des buttes (4), en respectant les mêmes règles. En l'occurrence, la forme des reliefs est sans importance, seule la fonction compte. Comme on l'a mentionné auparavant, ce genre d'emballage, dont la vocation impose qu'ils soient scellés hermétiquement, comporte souvent des rebords (8) assez hauts : c'est le cas ici. Dans la partie supérieure du rebord (8), une portion plane (9) parallèle au fond permet le positionnement et / ou la fixation du faux-fond (3).Similarly, it is possible to add reliefs (7) supports of the false bottom (3) in the area of the mounds (4), respecting the same rules. In this case, the shape of the reliefs is unimportant, only the function account. As mentioned before, this type of packaging, the vocation of which requires that they be hermetically sealed, often has fairly high edges (8): this is the case here. In the upper part of the rim (8), a flat portion (9) parallel to the bottom allows the positioning and / or fixing of the false bottom (3).

Lorsqu'il y a fixation, le rebord (17) du faux-fond est soudé au niveau de cet épaulement (9), de même qu'au niveau des reliefs (7). Généralement, le récipient (1) et le faux-fond (3) sont soudés afin de rendre l'espace entre eux inviolable. Cet épaulement (9) est prolongé par une bordure terminale (10) sur laquelle le film est thermoscellé (non représenté).When there is fixing, the rim (17) of the false bottom is welded at this shoulder (9), as well as at the reliefs (7). Generally, the container (1) and the false bottom (3) are welded in order to make the space between them inviolable. This shoulder (9) is extended by a terminal edge (10) on which the film is heat sealed (not shown).

Le tampon (2) s'applique entre les reliefs (7) qui aident à son installation en délimitant son aire de positionnement. Il est muni de trous d'allure cylindrique (11) qui le traversent de part en part, et sont agencés de manière à être approximativement centrés sur les buttes planes (4) pour les raisons expliquées auparavant, visant notamment à empêcher les exsudats d'arriver dans les canaux (5).The buffer (2) is applied between the reliefs (7) which help in its installation by delimiting its positioning area. It is provided with cylindrical holes (11) which pass right through it, and are arranged so as to be approximately centered on the flat mounds (4) for the reasons explained above, aiming in particular to prevent exudates from arrive in the channels (5).

Ces trous (11) correspondent aux orifices (12) du faux-fond (3) avec lesquels ils sont sensiblement coaxiaux en position assemblée. Le liquide y pénètre et est progressivement absorbé par le tampon (2) au niveau des parois desdits trous (11). Ces parois verticales ont donc une grande importance fonctionnelle, comme on le verra également dans la suite, en combinaison avec les orifices (12) dits du premier groupe, ceux de la partie plane (13) du faux-fond (3).These holes (11) correspond to the orifices (12) of the false bottom (3) with which they are substantially coaxial in the assembled position. The liquid penetrates there and is gradually absorbed by the tampon (2) at the walls of said holes (11). These vertical walls are therefore of great functional importance, as will also be seen hereinafter, in combination with the orifices (12) known as of the first group, those of the planar part (13) of the false bottom (3).

Ceux-ci (12) ont en effet une forme d'entonnoir permettant de guider les liquides qui s'écoulent du volume principal du contenant (V) dans les cavités que forment les trous (11) du tampon reposant sur les buttes planes (4) du fond du récipient (1). Les extrémités (16) desdits entonnoirs sont préférentiellement coniques, et servent à piéger le liquide dans les volumes constitués par les trous (11).These (12) have in fact a funnel shape making it possible to guide the liquids which flow from the main volume of the container (V) into the cavities which form the holes (11) of the pad resting on the flat mounds (4 ) from the bottom of the container (1). The ends (16) of said funnels are preferably conical, and serve to trap the liquid in the volumes formed by the holes (11).

Le faux-fond (3) comprend deux parties distinctes : un fond (13) plan en appui sur lesdites buttes (4), et des rebords (14) qui remontent vers la bordure périphérique supérieure (10) du récipient (1), sensiblement parallèlement aux rebords dudit récipient (1).The false bottom (3) comprises two distinct parts: a flat bottom (13) bearing on said mounds (4), and flanges (14) which rise up towards the upper peripheral edge (10) of the container (1), substantially parallel to the edges of said container (1).

La figure 2 montre particulièrement nettement les portions terminales (16) en entonnoir des orifices (12) du premier groupe, dépassant de la surface (13) du faux-fond (3) pour venir s'enficher dans les trous (11) correspondants du tampon (2).Figure 2 shows particularly clearly the end portions (16) funneling the orifices (12) of the first group, protruding from the surface (13) of the false bottom (3) to be inserted in the corresponding holes (11) of the buffer (2).

La figure 3 est une coupe transversale, mais une coupe longitudinale aurait été strictement équivalente, du fait de l'existence d'une symétrie par rapport à un axe central perpendiculaire au fond de la barquette. Elle montre le décalage systématique qui existe entre les canaux (5) du fond du récipient et les entonnoirs (12) du faux-fond (et par conséquent les trous (11) du tampon).Figure 3 is a cross section, but a longitudinal section would have been strictly equivalent, due to the existence of symmetry with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the bottom of the tray. It shows the systematic offset that exists between the channels (5) of the bottom of the container and the funnels (12) of the false bottom (and therefore the holes (11) of the buffer).

Cette vue montre de manière plus explicite l'épaulement (9) du récipient (1), sur lequel est soudé le faux-fond, lequel est également soudé sur les reliefs (7). Enfin, elle permet de se faire une idée plus précise de l'emboîtement des 3 éléments de la barquette.This view shows more explicitly the shoulder (9) of the container (1), on which the false bottom is welded, which is also welded to the reliefs (7). Finally, it allows you to get a more precise idea of the nesting of the 3 elements of the tray.

La circulation de gaz dans les zones périphériques (6) vers les orifices du second groupe (15) est également clairement mise en évidence. Les orifices (15) peuvent également être des espaces résiduels ménagés entre le récipient (1) et le faux-fond (3), au niveau du rebord (17) de fixation du faux-fond sur l'épaulement (9), et faisant office de points de ventilation.The circulation of gas in the peripheral zones (6) towards the orifices of the second group (15) is also clearly demonstrated. The orifices (15) can also be residual spaces formed between the container (1) and the false bottom (3), at the level of the rim (17) for fixing the false bottom to the shoulder (9), and making office of ventilation points.

Il est à noter que, dans la terminologie employée précédemment, on a utilisé le mot gaz, et non pas le terme d'air, inapproprié. En effet, la barquette hermétiquement fermée contient généralement un gaz injecté au moment où l'on procède au scellement, dont les propriétés de conservation sont adéquates.It should be noted that, in the terminology used previously, the word gas was used, and not the term air, inappropriate. In fact, the hermetically sealed container generally contains a gas injected at the time of sealing, the preservation properties of which are adequate.

C'est ce gaz qui est régénéré par le tampon hydroréactif, contenant un produit chimique spécifique réagissant avec les émanations du produit placé dans l'atmosphère notamment due à ce gaz.It is this gas which is regenerated by the hydroreactive buffer, containing a specific chemical reacting with the fumes of the product placed in the atmosphere in particular due to this gas.

L'objet de l'invention est principalement orienté vers la structure de la barquette et de ses trois éléments, avec les variantes qui restent dans l'esprit de ce qui est revendiqué. Les compositions chimiques de l'inhibiteur censé neutraliser les émanations des produits et du réactif de régénération peuvent être de tous types sans changer pour autant la nature de l'invention.The object of the invention is mainly oriented towards the structure of the tray and its three elements, with variants which remain in the spirit of what is claimed. The chemical compositions of the inhibitor intended to neutralize the fumes of the products and of the regeneration reagent can be of all types without changing the nature of the invention.

Les matériaux synthétiques utilisés pour la fabrication du récipient (1) et du film thermoscellé peuvent être complexes, dotés de caractéristiques empêchant le franchissement des gaz, des arômes et de la vapeur d'eau.The synthetic materials used for the manufacture of the container (1) and of the heat-sealed film can be complex, having characteristics preventing the crossing of gases, aromas and water vapor.

Claims (11)

Emballage de conditionnement et de conservation longue durée destiné à des produits frais pouvant tendre à exsuder un liquide susceptible de diminuer de manière importante leur durée de consommation, comportant un récipient extérieur (1) dans lequel sont disposés un tampon (2) du type hydrocapteur, au niveau du fond dudit récipient (1), et un faux-fond (3) emboîté dans ce dernier, sur lequel repose le produit à conserver, l'ensemble étant hermétiquement fermé pour assurer la conservation dans une atmosphère close, caractérisé en ce que le faux-fond (3) comporte un premier groupe d'orifices (12) permettant au liquide exsudé d'être mis au contact du tampon, et un second groupe d'orifices (15) situés entre le volume de contenance (V) de l'emballage et un volume défini entre le récipient (1) et le faux-fond (3) et / ou les parties du tampon non en contact avec l'exsudat, de manière à établir des échanges gazeux entre les deux volumes mentionnés, les formes respectives du faux-fond (3) et du tampon (2) étant prévues de manière à empêcher tout contact entre le produit à conserver et ledit tampon (2).Long-term packaging and preservation packaging intended for fresh products which may tend to exude a liquid capable of significantly reducing their period of consumption, comprising an external container (1) in which a buffer (2) of the hydrosensor type is arranged, at the bottom of said container (1), and a false bottom (3) fitted into the latter, on which the product to be stored rests, the assembly being hermetically closed to ensure storage in a closed atmosphere, characterized in that the false bottom (3) comprises a first group of orifices (12) allowing the exuded liquid to be brought into contact with the tampon, and a second group of orifices (15) situated between the volume of capacity (V) of the packaging and a volume defined between the container (1) and the false bottom (3) and / or the parts of the pad not in contact with the exudate, so as to establish gas exchanges between the two volumes mentioned, the resp forms ectives of the false bottom (3) and the buffer (2) being provided so as to prevent any contact between the product to be preserved and said buffer (2). Emballage de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le récipient extérieur (1) comporte des reliefs (4, 5) destinés à établir une circulation gazeuse entre le tampon (2) et le fond dudit récipient (1), lesdits reliefs ménageant des zones de passage vers les orifices (15) du second groupe.Packaging packaging according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer container (1) has reliefs (4, 5) intended to establish a gas circulation between the pad (2) and the bottom of said container (1), said reliefs providing passage zones towards the orifices (15) of the second group. Emballage de conditionnement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits reliefs sont des canaux (5) disposés entre des zones surélevées (4) à fond plat destinées à supporter le tampon (2), lesdits canaux s'entrecroisant et débouchant dans une zone périphérique (6) dudit fond communiquant avec les orifices (15) du second groupe.Packaging packaging according to claim 2, characterized in that said reliefs are channels (5) arranged between raised areas (4) with a flat bottom intended to support the pad (2), said channels intersecting and opening into an area peripheral (6) of said bottom communicating with the orifices (15) of the second group. Emballage de conditionnement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le récipient extérieur comporte également des reliefs (7) destinés à supporter et / ou à fixer le faux-fond (3), disposés de telle sorte qu'ils n'empêchent pas le passage gazeux vers les orifices (15) du second groupe.Packaging container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer container also includes reliefs (7) intended to support and / or fix the false bottom (3), arranged so that they do not do not prevent the passage of gas to the orifices (15) of the second group. Emballage de conditionnement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tampon (2) présente des orifices (11) disposés en regard des orifices (12) du faux-fond (3) dudit premier groupe, et formant des petits réservoirs à exsudat pendant que le liquide est en cours d'absorption par le tampon (2).Packaging packaging according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the buffer (2) has orifices (11) arranged opposite the orifices (12) of the false bottom (3) of said first group, and forming small reservoirs to exudate while the liquid is being absorbed by the tampon (2). Emballage de conditionnement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits trous (11) du tampon (2) ne sont pas placés en regard des conduits canalaires (5) d'évacuation gazeuse.Packaging packaging according to claim 5, characterized in that said holes (11) of the buffer (2) are not placed opposite the ducts for gas evacuation (5). Emballage de conditionnement selon l'une des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que les orifices (12) du premier groupe comportent une portion dépassant de la partie d'allure plane (13) sur laquelle repose le produit, et pénétrant dans les volumes délimités par les orifices (11) du tampon, et qui présente une forme d'entonnoir (16).Packaging container according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the orifices (12) of the first group include a portion protruding from the flat-looking part (13) on which the product rests, and penetrating into the volumes delimited by the orifices (11) of the tampon, and which has a funnel shape (16). Emballage de conditionnement selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités (16) desdits entonnoirs sont évasées, de manière à piéger le liquide dans les volumes formés par les orifices (11) du tampon.A packaging package according to claim 7, characterized in that the ends (16) of said funnels are flared, so as to trap the liquid in the volumes formed by the orifices (11) of the tampon. Emballage de conditionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les orifices (15) du second groupe sont situés dans la partie du faux-fond (3) qui est sensiblement parallèle aux rebords (14) périphériques du récipient (1), et à proximité de la zone de fixation (9) dudit faux-fond (3) au récipient (1).Packaging packaging according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifices (15) of the second group are located in the part of the false bottom (3) which is substantially parallel to the peripheral flanges (14) of the container (1 ), and near the attachment zone (9) of said false bottom (3) to the container (1). Emballage de conditionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le récipient (1) et le faux-fond (3) sont en polypropylène.Packaging packaging according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (1) and the false bottom (3) are made of polypropylene. Emballage de conditionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tampon hydrocapteur (2) est inviolable car le faux-fond (3) est soudé au récipient (1).Packaging packaging according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water-absorbing pad (2) is inviolable because the false bottom (3) is welded to the container (1).
EP94440057A 1994-09-19 1994-09-19 Packaging for long-life shelf food Expired - Lifetime EP0701955B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT94440057T ATE146750T1 (en) 1994-09-19 1994-09-19 PACKAGING FOR FOODS WITH A LONG SHELF LIFE
EP94440057A EP0701955B1 (en) 1994-09-19 1994-09-19 Packaging for long-life shelf food
DE69401276T DE69401276T2 (en) 1994-09-19 1994-09-19 Long-life food packaging
ES94440057T ES2096431T3 (en) 1994-09-19 1994-09-19 LONG-LASTING CONDITIONING AND STORAGE PACKAGING.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94440057A EP0701955B1 (en) 1994-09-19 1994-09-19 Packaging for long-life shelf food

Publications (2)

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EP0701955A1 true EP0701955A1 (en) 1996-03-20
EP0701955B1 EP0701955B1 (en) 1996-12-27

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EP (1) EP0701955B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE146750T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69401276T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2096431T3 (en)

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FR2754517A1 (en) * 1996-10-14 1998-04-17 Ferey Jean Claude Small box for containing packaged fresh fish
DE29711265U1 (en) * 1997-06-27 1997-08-28 Kracht Achim Product carrier for food packaging
EP1115630A1 (en) * 1998-06-26 2001-07-18 Maxwell Chase Technologies, LLC. Container with absorbent material
EP1115630A4 (en) * 1998-06-26 2004-11-03 Maxwell Chase Technologies Llc Container with absorbent material
EP1053944A1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-22 Groupe Guillin Packaging method as well as package for preservation and/or cooking or reheating of food products
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WO2000071421A1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-30 Groupe Guillin Packaging method and package for preserving and/or cooking or heating food products
EP1231160A1 (en) * 2001-02-12 2002-08-14 Sealed Air S.A.S. Package for the preservation and cooking or reheating of food products
US7762400B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-07-27 Easy Pad Limited Packaging tray
US8083887B2 (en) 2005-02-09 2011-12-27 Pactiv Corporation Method of forming a container having an internal reservoir
WO2007059187A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2007-05-24 Pactiv Corporation Container having internal reservoir
US7921992B2 (en) 2005-11-14 2011-04-12 Pactiv Corporation Container having internal reservoir
ES2310087A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2008-12-16 Sanviplast S.A. Container for food products that produce an exudate
WO2007122276A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-01 Sanviplast, S.A. Container for food products that produce an exudate
WO2008060688A1 (en) * 2006-11-14 2008-05-22 Pactiv Corporation Method of forming a container having an internal reservoir
FR2923809A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-22 Plastiques Rg Soc Par Actions Food product e.g. cheese, package, has base and support with units to define path privileged by gravity of liquids obtained from product and to oppose to inverse path of liquids, while permitting progression under gaseous form of substances
WO2015177492A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 Icelandic Group Uk Ltd Improvements in or relating to the packaging of food
ITUB20159217A1 (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-22 Siropack Italia S R L CONTAINER FOR FOOD PRODUCTS
WO2017109749A1 (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-29 Siropack Italia S.R.L. Container for food products

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ATE146750T1 (en) 1997-01-15
DE69401276D1 (en) 1997-02-06
DE69401276T2 (en) 1997-07-03
ES2096431T3 (en) 1997-03-01
EP0701955B1 (en) 1996-12-27

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