EP0711633A2 - Method and processing machine for fluid jet cutting of workpieces - Google Patents

Method and processing machine for fluid jet cutting of workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0711633A2
EP0711633A2 EP95115843A EP95115843A EP0711633A2 EP 0711633 A2 EP0711633 A2 EP 0711633A2 EP 95115843 A EP95115843 A EP 95115843A EP 95115843 A EP95115843 A EP 95115843A EP 0711633 A2 EP0711633 A2 EP 0711633A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
workpiece
units
processing machine
jet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95115843A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0711633A3 (en
EP0711633B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Klingel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trumpf SE and Co KG
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Trumpf SE and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Trumpf SE and Co KG filed Critical Trumpf SE and Co KG
Publication of EP0711633A2 publication Critical patent/EP0711633A2/en
Publication of EP0711633A3 publication Critical patent/EP0711633A3/xx
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Publication of EP0711633B1 publication Critical patent/EP0711633B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B24C3/04—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other stationary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/364—By fluid blast and/or suction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for jet cutting workpieces by means of a cutting jet, in particular in the form of a pressure medium jet, the cutting jet being directed onto the workpiece to be machined and the workpiece and the cutting jet being moved relative to one another in the transverse direction of the cutting jet. Furthermore, the invention relates to a processing machine for performing such a method.
  • Generic methods and generic processing machines by means of which the methods can be implemented, are used, for example, to cut workpieces to length, to cut them with a predetermined contour and / or to cut predetermined contours from workpieces.
  • a cutting jet in the form of a pressurized water jet and the workpiece to be machined are moved relative to one another in the transverse direction of the cutting jet by known methods using known processing machines.
  • the cutting beam produces a separating cut with a specified cutting length and a specified cutting direction.
  • processing machines which have at least two cutting units which are connected to at least one source for a cutting beam and which emit a cutting beam in the cutting operation, the cutting units and the workpiece to be processed being movable relative to one another in the cutting direction.
  • Processing machines of this type make it possible to produce several separating cuts in parallel with one another. For example, two workpieces can be cut simultaneously on processing machines with two cutting units.
  • the cutting speeds with which separating cuts with high-quality cutting edges can be produced using the known method and using known processing machines are in need of improvement.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a method for beam cutting workpieces and a processing machine for carrying out the method, by means of which a good quality of the cutting edges can be achieved even at a high cutting speed.
  • the above-mentioned process-related object is achieved according to the invention in that, as part of a method of the type specified at the outset, at least one further cutting beam is directed onto the workpiece to be machined in such a way that the beam axes intersect and / or that the beam axes run directly adjacent to one another on the cutting line.
  • the cutting result which can be achieved by means of a cutting beam can be significantly improved or the cutting speed can be increased without impairing the cutting quality if at least one further cutting beam is used and the cutting beams enclose an angle between them and / or hit the workpiece to be machined directly adjacent to each other on the cutting line.
  • a conceptual model for explaining the observed phenomenon assumes that when using two angularly extending cutting beams, one cutting beam supports the other and thereby the cutting effect of at least one of the cutting beams is enhanced by a lateral breakout of the cutting beam in question due to the supporting effect compared to the workpiece to be machined.
  • a "directly adjacent" arrangement of the cutting beams is present in the sense of the invention if the distance between the points of incidence of the cutting beams on the cutting line is so small that the described enhancement of the cutting action of at least one of the cutting beams is achieved.
  • the beam axes of the cutting beams run directly adjacent to one another on the cutting line according to the invention, the beam axes can in principle be aligned parallel to one another; However, it is of particular advantage with regard to the cutting speed and quality of the cutting edge if the cutting beams are directed onto the workpiece in such a way that the beam axes cross below the cutting plane.
  • the cutting plane is formed from the tangential plane to the workpiece in the respective machining point.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cutting beams are directed onto the workpiece in such a way that the beam axes intersect below the cutting plane.
  • Excellent machining results can be achieved in that a first cutting beam is directed essentially perpendicularly and a second cutting beam is directed at the workpiece at an angle deviating from a right angle.
  • two stepping beams can also be directed onto the workpiece at an angle deviating from a right angle.
  • a cutting beam possibly preferably the vertical cutting beam
  • another cutting beam in the cutting direction onto the workpiece.
  • the cutting beam plane spanned by the beam axes runs in the cutting direction.
  • Another variant of the method is characterized in that two cutting beams are directed onto the workpiece in such a way that the beam axes form an angle of less than 60 °.
  • cutting jets in the form of pressurized water jets preferably carrying abrasives are directed onto the workpiece.
  • the pressurized water jets are expediently directed onto the workpiece at a pressure of 2800 bar to 3400 bar.
  • a preferred version of the method according to the invention is characterized in that only one cutting beam is directed to cut the workpiece and another cutting beam is directed onto the workpiece after cutting the workpiece.
  • the one cutting beam and the workpiece are moved at a relatively low relative speed and the relative speed is increased to a maximum of the final cutting speed after the further cutting beam has been directed onto the workpiece.
  • the above-mentioned device-related object is achieved according to the invention in that the cutting units and the workpiece, which are simultaneously in the cutting operation, and the workpiece can be moved relative to one another along a common cutting line of the cutting units.
  • the cutting units are to be arranged and aligned in such a way that the cutting beams emitted by them strike the workpiece to be machined in the manner described above.
  • At least one cutting unit can be pivoted about a pivot axis running essentially parallel to the cutting plane relative to the assigned cutting unit and in the respective pivot position is definable.
  • the cutting beams can be aligned parallel to one another or at different angles to one another. Accordingly, the processing machine can be flexibly adapted to different application requirements.
  • a further possibility for varying the course of the cutting beams with respect to one another is provided by a version of the processing machine according to the invention, on which the cutting units are mounted so as to be displaceable relative to one another essentially parallel to the cutting plane, preferably in the cutting direction.
  • the cutting beams expediently assume a specific position in relation to the cutting direction.
  • the position of the cutting beams with respect to the cutting direction is defined by the course of the cutting beam plane spanned by the cutting beams with respect to the cutting direction. If the cutting direction is now to be changed, the position of the cutting beams in relation to the changed cutting direction must be maintained. In the two example cases mentioned, the cutting beam plane has to be shifted relative to the workpiece for this purpose.
  • Such a displacement of the cutting beam plane is made possible in a preferred embodiment of the processing machine according to the invention in that at least one cutting unit can be pivoted relative to the workpiece about an axis of rotation, pivoting and running essentially perpendicular to the cutting plane is.
  • a change in the cutting direction and an associated rotary pivoting movement of at least one cutting unit can be carried out both while the cutting operation is in progress and after a separating cut has been completed.
  • there is a curved separation cut in the second case a further separation cut starting therefrom and running at an angle thereto can be attached to the finished separation cut.
  • a compact processing machine results if the cutting units are provided on a common cutting head of the processing machine.
  • a preferred embodiment of the processing machine according to the invention, on which pressurized water units are provided as cutting units, is characterized in that an abrasive supply is provided for each pressurized water jet. This allows the cutting behavior of the cutting beams to be modified independently of one another.
  • the cutting units can be connected separately to the assigned source for the cutting beam.
  • the cutting units can be operated together or individually.
  • a prerequisite for automated workpiece machining is created in that the cutting units can be connected to the assigned source for the cutting beam in a controlled manner by means of an activation control.
  • Processing machines according to the invention are also used, for example, to implement the variant of the method according to the invention in which the workpiece to be processed is cut with only one cutting beam and then with two Cutting blasting is processed further.
  • Another preferred embodiment of a processing machine according to the invention which is provided with a speed control for controlling the relative speed between the cutting units and the workpiece, is characterized in that by means of the speed control, the relative speed between the cutting units and the workpiece as a function of the number of one cutting beam is controlled on the cutting units aimed at the workpiece and / or the duration of the connection of the cutting units.
  • Such a processing machine is also preferably intended for the two-phase cutting operation described above. In the cutting phase, in which only one cutting beam is directed at the workpiece, a relatively low relative speed is set between the cutting unit in the cutting operation and the workpiece via the speed control.
  • the processing machine works according to the conventional processing method, according to which the separating cut is produced by means of a single processing beam.
  • the cutting beam of the second cutting unit which follows the cutting beam of the first cutting unit, also reaches the workpiece.
  • the cutting speed can be increased. Since the second cutting jet reaching the workpiece after the first cut does not develop its full effectiveness when the workpiece is reached, it is advisable that the cutting speed, i.e. the relative speed between the cutting units and the workpiece, is not increased abruptly but rather gradually as soon as the second Cutting unit has reached the workpiece. This is accomplished by means of the speed control, which gradually increases the relative speed between the cutting units and the workpiece after the second cutting unit takes effect.
  • the second trailing cutting unit can only be connected to the assigned source for the cutting beam after the leading edge has been ended by the leading first cutting unit.
  • a cutting beam is only emitted by a cutting unit during the starting phase.
  • the cutting head 1 shows a cutting head 1 of a water jet cutting machine, which is displaced in the direction of an arrow 2 relative to a stationary workpiece in the form of a metal sheet 3.
  • the cutting head 1 is attached to the carrier of a machine slide that overlaps the metal sheet 3 in the manner of a portal.
  • the machine slide can be moved along the metal sheet 3.
  • the cutting head 1 can be moved in a controlled manner in the longitudinal direction of the carrier and thus in the transverse direction of the direction of travel of the machine slide. Accordingly, the cutting head 1 can reach any point in the plane of the metal sheet.
  • Integrated in the cutting head 1 are two cutting units 4, 5, which act on the metal sheet 3 in the cutting operation with cutting jets 6, 7 in the form of high-pressure water jets, the jet axes of which intersect below the cutting plane.
  • the cutting unit 4 directs its cutting beam 6 onto the surface of the sheet metal plate 3 at a substantially right angle.
  • the cutting beam 7 emitted by the cutting unit 5 runs at an angle with respect to the workpiece surface that deviates from a right angle.
  • the cutting beams 6, 7 or their beam axes span a cutting beam plane running perpendicular to the metal sheet 3.
  • the cutting units 4, 5 are each connected to a high-pressure pump via connections 8, 9 and high-pressure lines 10, 11 indicated in FIG.
  • the entire cutting head 1 can be pivoted in the direction of an arrow 13 about a rotation-pivot axis 12 running in the direction of the beam axis of the cutting beam 6.
  • the cutting units 4, 5 are connected to the high-pressure pump.
  • the cutting beam 6 emitted by the cutting unit 4 leads the cutting beam 7 emitted by the cutting unit 5 in the cutting direction, that is to say in the direction of the arrow 2.
  • the cutting beam 6 emitted by the cutting unit 4 penetrates the metal sheet 3 and, by moving the cutting head 1, produces the gate in the cutting direction symbolized by the arrow 2.
  • the cutting beam 7 emitted by the cutting unit 5 also reaches the metal sheet 3.
  • the travel speed of the cutting head 1 relative to the metal sheet 3 is based on a relatively low gate speed except for cutting. Final speed increased.
  • the cutting beam 6 emanating from the cutting unit 4 is directed towards the cutting beam 7 in the cutting direction 2 onto the metal sheet 3.
  • the cutting beam plane spanned by the cutting beams 6, 7 runs in the cutting direction.
  • the pressure of the cutting jets 6, 7 is around 3000 bar.
  • the cutting head 1 is pivoted about the pivot axis 12. In this way, curved cutting cuts can be produced using the cutting machine shown, as can straight cutting cuts that abut one another at an angle.
  • the cutting machine partially shown in FIG. 2 has a cutting head 21 with two separate cutting units 24, 25.
  • the cutting head 21 can be moved in a motor-driven manner in the direction of an arrow 22 symbolizing the cutting direction relative to a workpiece in the form of a sheet metal plate 23.
  • the machine slide can be moved perpendicular to the drawing plane according to FIG. 2.
  • the cutting units 24, 25 are pivotally connected to one another about a pivot axis 35 which runs essentially parallel to the plane of the sheet metal plate 23, that is to say to the cutting plane.
  • Bracket-like brackets 36, 37 which surround the cutting units 24, 25 are used to produce the swivel connection.
  • the cutting unit 25 can be advanced in the interior of its holder 37 in the direction of a double arrow 39.
  • the cutting unit 25 can be moved in the direction of a double arrow 41.
  • the holder 36, which engages around the cutting unit 24, can be fed in the direction of a double arrow 40 substantially perpendicular to the plane of the sheet metal plate 23 will.
  • the entire cutting head 21 can be pivoted in the direction of a double arrow 33 by a motor about a rotary-pivot axis 32.
  • the cutting units 24, 25 in FIG. 2 only point the cutting beams 26, 27 indicated at the surface of the sheet metal plate 23.
  • the cutting beam 26 of the cutting unit 24 extends essentially perpendicular to the workpiece surface; the cutting beam 27 of the cutting unit 25 encloses an angle deviating from a right angle with the workpiece surface.
  • the two cutting beams 26, 27 intersect in the cutting plane and span a cutting beam plane running in the cutting direction, that is to say in the direction of the arrow 22.
  • the cutting jets 26, 27 are generated by means of pressurized cutting water which is fed to the cutting units 24, 25 via high pressure lines 30, 31. To vary the cutting action, the cutting jets 26, 27 can be acted upon with abrasive agents via feed lines 42, 43. A separate abrasive supply is provided for the cutting jets 26, 27. In this way, the cutting beams 26, 27 can be adapted in their cutting behavior to the requirements of the respective application.
  • the adjustment possibilities of the cutting units 24, 25 resulting from the above explanations also serve to adapt to different operating conditions by pivoting the cutting unit 25 about the pivot axis 35, change the angle enclosed by the cutting beams 26, 27 or the beam axes.
  • By moving the cutting unit 25 in the direction of the double arrow 39 the position of the intersection of the cutting beams 26, 27 with respect to the plane of the sheet metal plate 23 can be varied.
  • One possibility for the cutting unit 25 to be delivered in relation to the surface of the sheet metal plate 23 is the adjustability of the cutting unit 25 in the direction of the double arrow 41.
  • An adjustment of the cutting unit 25 in the direction of the double arrow 39 is combined with an adjustment of the cutting unit 25 in the direction of the double arrow 41, if so the position of the intersection of the cutting beams 26, 27 or the beam axes with respect to the sheet 23 is changed, but the distance of the beam exit at the cutting unit 25 from the sheet 23 is to remain the same.
  • the processing machine according to FIG. 2 corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and described above. Both processing machines are of course also suitable for processing workpieces with a curved workpiece surface.

Abstract

The cutting jet, esp. consisting of a pressure medium, is directed at the workpiece (3). The workpiece and cutting jet (6,7) move towards each other in the transverse direction of the cutting jet. At least one further cutting jet is pointed at the workpiece so that the jet axes intersect and or the jet axes run directly next to each other on the cutting line. The cutter units (4,5) emit a cutting jet. The simultaneously operating cutter units and the workpiece move in relation to each other along the same cutting line.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Strahlschneiden von Werkstücken mittels eines Schneidstrahls insbesondere in Form eines Druckmittelstrahls, wobei der Schneidstrahl auf das zu bearbeitende Werkstück gerichtet und das Werkstück und der Schneidstrahl in Querrichtung des Schneidstrahls relativ zueinander bewegt werden. Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Bearbeitungsmaschine zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for jet cutting workpieces by means of a cutting jet, in particular in the form of a pressure medium jet, the cutting jet being directed onto the workpiece to be machined and the workpiece and the cutting jet being moved relative to one another in the transverse direction of the cutting jet. Furthermore, the invention relates to a processing machine for performing such a method.

Gattungsgemäße Verfahren sowie gattungsgemäße Bearbeitungsmaschinen, mittels derer sich die Verfahren umsetzen lassen, dienen beispielsweise dazu, Werkstücke abzulängen, mit einer vorgegebenen Kontur zuzuschneiden und/oder aus Werkstücken vorgegebene Konturen auszuschneiden.Generic methods and generic processing machines, by means of which the methods can be implemented, are used, for example, to cut workpieces to length, to cut them with a predetermined contour and / or to cut predetermined contours from workpieces.

Zu diesem Zweck werden nach bekannten Verfahren unter Einsatz bekannter Bearbeitungsmaschinen ein Schneidstrahl in Form eines Druckwasserstrahls und das zu bearbeitende Werkstück in Schneidstrahlquerrichtung relativ zueinander verschoben. Dabei stellt der Schneidstrahl einen Trennschnitt mit einer vorgegebenen Schnittlänge sowie einer vorgegebenen Schnittrichtung her. Zur Erhöhung der Bearbeitungskapazität ist es bekannt, Bearbeitungsmaschinen zu verwenden, welche wenigstens zwei mit zumindest einer Quelle für einen Schneidstrahl in Verbindung stehende und im Schneidbetrieb einen Schneidstrahl aussendende Schneideinheiten aufweisen, wobei die Schneideinheiten und das zu bearbeitende Werkstück in Schnittrichtung relativ zueinander bewegbar sind. Derartige Bearbeitungsmaschinen erlauben es, zeitlich parallelisiert mehrere Trennschnitte herzustellen. So können beispielsweise an Bearbeitungsmaschinen mit zwei Schneideinheiten zeitgleich zwei Werkstücke zugeschnitten werden. Die Schnittgeschwindigkeiten, mit denen sich nach dem bekannten Verfahren sowie unter Einsatz bekannter Bearbeitungsmaschinen Trennschnitte mit Schnittkanten hoher Qualität herstellen lassen, sind jedoch steigerungsbedürftig.For this purpose, a cutting jet in the form of a pressurized water jet and the workpiece to be machined are moved relative to one another in the transverse direction of the cutting jet by known methods using known processing machines. The cutting beam produces a separating cut with a specified cutting length and a specified cutting direction. To increase the processing capacity, it is known to use processing machines which have at least two cutting units which are connected to at least one source for a cutting beam and which emit a cutting beam in the cutting operation, the cutting units and the workpiece to be processed being movable relative to one another in the cutting direction. Processing machines of this type make it possible to produce several separating cuts in parallel with one another. For example, two workpieces can be cut simultaneously on processing machines with two cutting units. However, the cutting speeds with which separating cuts with high-quality cutting edges can be produced using the known method and using known processing machines are in need of improvement.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Strahlschneiden von Werkstücken sowie eine Bearbeitungsmaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens bereitzustellen, mittels derer sich eine gute Qualität der Schnittkanten auch bei hoher Schnittgeschwindigkeit erzielen läßt.The invention is based on the object of providing a method for beam cutting workpieces and a processing machine for carrying out the method, by means of which a good quality of the cutting edges can be achieved even at a high cutting speed.

Die genannte verfahrensbezogene Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß im Rahmen eines Verfahrens der eingangs angegebenen Art wenigstens ein weiterer Schneidstrahl derart auf das zu bearbeitende Werkstück gerichtet wird, daß sich die Strahlachsen schneiden und/oder daß die Strahlachsen einander an der Schnittlinie unmittelbar benachbart verlaufen. Bei der Entwicklung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wurde überraschenderweise festgestellt, daß sich das mittels eines Schneidstrahls erzielbare Schneidergebnis wesentlich verbessert bzw. die Schneidgeschwindigkeit ohne Beeinträchtigung der Schnittqualität erhöht werden kann, wenn wenigstens ein weiterer Schneidstrahl eingesetzt wird und die Schneidstrahlen einen Winkel zwischen sich einschließen und/oder an der Schnittlinie einander unmittelbar benachbart auf das zu bearbeitende Werkstück auftreffen. Bei gegebener Schnittqualität ist eine Verdoppelung der Schnittgeschwindigkeiten gegenüber herkömmlichen Strahlschneidverfahren ohne weiteres realisierbar. Ein gedankliches Modell zur Erklärung des beobachteten Phänomens geht davon aus, daß bei Einsatz zweier winkelig zueinander verlaufender Schneidstrahlen der eine Schneidstrahl den anderen stützt und daß dadurch die Schneidwirkung wenigstens eines der Schneidstrahlen verstärkt wird, in dem aufgrund der Stützwirkung ein seitliches Ausbrechen des betreffenden Schneidstrahls gegenüber dem zu bearbeitenden Werkstück verhindert wird. Eine "unmittelbar benachbarte" Anordnung der Schneidstrahlen liegt im Sinne der Erfindung dann vor, wenn der Abstand der Auftreffpunkte der Schneidstrahlen an der Schnittlinie derart gering ist, daß die beschriebene Verstärkung der Schneidwirkung wenigstens eines der Schneidstrahlen erreicht wird.The above-mentioned process-related object is achieved according to the invention in that, as part of a method of the type specified at the outset, at least one further cutting beam is directed onto the workpiece to be machined in such a way that the beam axes intersect and / or that the beam axes run directly adjacent to one another on the cutting line. During the development of the method according to the invention, it was surprisingly found that the cutting result which can be achieved by means of a cutting beam can be significantly improved or the cutting speed can be increased without impairing the cutting quality if at least one further cutting beam is used and the cutting beams enclose an angle between them and / or hit the workpiece to be machined directly adjacent to each other on the cutting line. Given the quality of the cut, the cutting speeds can be doubled compared to conventional jet cutting processes. A conceptual model for explaining the observed phenomenon assumes that when using two angularly extending cutting beams, one cutting beam supports the other and thereby the cutting effect of at least one of the cutting beams is enhanced by a lateral breakout of the cutting beam in question due to the supporting effect compared to the workpiece to be machined. A "directly adjacent" arrangement of the cutting beams is present in the sense of the invention if the distance between the points of incidence of the cutting beams on the cutting line is so small that the described enhancement of the cutting action of at least one of the cutting beams is achieved.

In Fällen, in denen die Strahlachsen der Schneidstrahlen erfindungsgemäß einander an der Schnittlinie unmittelbar benachbart verlaufen, können die Strahlachsen zwar grundsätzlich parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sein; von besonderem Vorteil im Hinblick auf Schnittgeschwindigkeit und Qualität der Schnittkante ist es jedoch, wenn die Schneidstrahlen derart auf das Werkstück gerichtet werden, daß sich die Strahlachsen unterhalb der Schnittebene kreuzen. Dabei wird die Schnittebene gebildet von der Tangentialebene an das Werkstück in dem jeweiligen Bearbeitungspunkt.In cases in which the beam axes of the cutting beams run directly adjacent to one another on the cutting line according to the invention, the beam axes can in principle be aligned parallel to one another; However, it is of particular advantage with regard to the cutting speed and quality of the cutting edge if the cutting beams are directed onto the workpiece in such a way that the beam axes cross below the cutting plane. The cutting plane is formed from the tangential plane to the workpiece in the respective machining point.

Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Schneidstrahlen derart auf das Werkstück gerichtet werden, daß sich die Strahlachsen unterhalb der Schnittebene schneiden.A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cutting beams are directed onto the workpiece in such a way that the beam axes intersect below the cutting plane.

Hervorragende Bearbeitungsergebnisse lassen sich dadurch erzielen, daß ein erster Schneidstrahl im wesentlichen senkrecht und ein zweiter Schneidstrahl unter einem von einem rechten Winkel abweichenden Winkel auf das Werkstück gerichtet wird. Alternativ können jedoch auch zwei Schriedstrahlen unter einem von einem rechten Winkel abweichenden Winkel auf das Werkstück gerichtet werden.Excellent machining results can be achieved in that a first cutting beam is directed essentially perpendicularly and a second cutting beam is directed at the workpiece at an angle deviating from a right angle. Alternatively However, two stepping beams can also be directed onto the workpiece at an angle deviating from a right angle.

Zur Erzielung einer hohen Schnittgeschwindigkeit sowie einer guten Qualität der Schnittkante hat es sich als zweckmäßig herausgestellt, daß ein Schneidstrahl, gegebenenfalls vorzugsweise der senkrechte Schneidstrahl, einem anderen Schneidstrahl in Schnittrichtung vorauseilend auf das Werkstück gerichtet wird. Vorzugsweise in Fällen, in denen sich die Strahlachsen der Schneidstrahlen unterhalb der Werkstückunterseite schneiden, verläuft die durch die Strahlachsen aufgespannte Schneidstrahlebene in Schnittrichtung.In order to achieve a high cutting speed and good quality of the cutting edge, it has been found to be expedient for a cutting beam, possibly preferably the vertical cutting beam, to be directed ahead of another cutting beam in the cutting direction onto the workpiece. Preferably in cases where the beam axes of the cutting beams intersect below the underside of the workpiece, the cutting beam plane spanned by the beam axes runs in the cutting direction.

Eine weitere Verfahrensvariante ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Schneidstrahlen derart auf das Werkstück gerichtet werden, daß die Strahlachsen einen Winkel von weniger als 60° einschließen.Another variant of the method is characterized in that two cutting beams are directed onto the workpiece in such a way that the beam axes form an angle of less than 60 °.

Grundsätzlich lassen sich die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit Schneidstrahlen aus unterschiedlichen Schneidmedien erreichen. In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden Schneidstrahlen in Form von vorzugsweise Abrasivmittel führenden Druckwasserstrahlen auf das Werkstück gerichtet. Dabei werden die Druckwasserstrahlen zweckmäßigerweise unter einem Druck von 2800 bar bis 3400 bar auf das Werkstück gerichtet.In principle, the advantages of the method according to the invention can be achieved with cutting jets from different cutting media. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, cutting jets in the form of pressurized water jets preferably carrying abrasives are directed onto the workpiece. The pressurized water jets are expediently directed onto the workpiece at a pressure of 2800 bar to 3400 bar.

Eine bevorzugte Version des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß zum Anschneiden des Werkstücks lediglich ein Schneidstrahl und nach dem Anschneiden des Werkstücks ein weiterer Schneidstrahl auf das Werkstück gerichtet wird.A preferred version of the method according to the invention is characterized in that only one cutting beam is directed to cut the workpiece and another cutting beam is directed onto the workpiece after cutting the workpiece.

Zweckmäßigerweise werden dabei beim Anschneiden des Werkstücks der eine Schneidstrahl und das Werkstück mit verhältnismäßig geringer Relativgeschwindigkeit bewegt und wird die Relativgeschwindigkeit bis maximal auf die Schnitt-Endgeschwindigkeit erhöht, nachdem der weitere Schneidstrahl auf das Werkstück gerichtet worden ist.Appropriately, when cutting the workpiece, the one cutting beam and the workpiece are moved at a relatively low relative speed and the relative speed is increased to a maximum of the final cutting speed after the further cutting beam has been directed onto the workpiece.

Die eingangs genannte vorrichtungsbezogene Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß an gattungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsmaschinen die gleichzeitig im Schneidbetrieb befindlichen Schneideinheiten und das Werkstück entlang einer gemeinsamen Schnittlinie der Schneideinheiten relativ zueinander bewegbar sind. Dabei sind die Schneideinheiten derart anzuordnen und auszurichten, daß die von ihnen ausgesandten Schneidstrahlen in der vorstehend beschriebenen Art und Weise auf das zu bearbeitende Werkstück auftreffen.The above-mentioned device-related object is achieved according to the invention in that the cutting units and the workpiece, which are simultaneously in the cutting operation, and the workpiece can be moved relative to one another along a common cutting line of the cutting units. The cutting units are to be arranged and aligned in such a way that the cutting beams emitted by them strike the workpiece to be machined in the manner described above.

Um eine Variierung der Ausrichtung der Schneidstrahlen zueinander zu ermöglichen, ist im Falle einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsmaschine vorgesehen, daß wenigstens eine Schneideinheit um eine im wesentlichen parallel zu der Schnittebene verlaufende Schwenkachse gegenüber der zugeordneten Schneideinheit schwenkbar und in der jeweiligen Schwenkstellung festlegbar ist. An einer derartigen Bearbeitungsmaschine lassen sich die Schneidstrahlen parallel zueinander oder unter veränderlichen Winkeln zueinander ausrichten. Dementsprechend kann die Bearbeitungsmaschine flexibel an unterschiedliche Einsatzerfordernisse angepaßt werden.In order to make it possible to vary the alignment of the cutting beams with respect to one another, it is provided in the case of an advantageous embodiment of the processing machine according to the invention that at least one cutting unit can be pivoted about a pivot axis running essentially parallel to the cutting plane relative to the assigned cutting unit and in the respective pivot position is definable. On such a processing machine, the cutting beams can be aligned parallel to one another or at different angles to one another. Accordingly, the processing machine can be flexibly adapted to different application requirements.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Variierung des Verlaufs der Schneidstrahlen zueinander bietet eine Version der erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsmaschine, an der die Schneideinheiten im wesentlichen parallel zu der Schnittebene, vorzugsweise in Schnittrichtung, relativ zueinander verschiebbar angebracht sind.A further possibility for varying the course of the cutting beams with respect to one another is provided by a version of the processing machine according to the invention, on which the cutting units are mounted so as to be displaceable relative to one another essentially parallel to the cutting plane, preferably in the cutting direction.

Im Schneidbetrieb nehmen die Schneidstrahlen zweckmäßigerweise eine bestimmte Lage bezogen auf die Schnittrichtung ein. Beispielsweise beim Schneiden mit zwei parallelen Schneidstrahlen oder mit zwei sich in einem Punkt schneidenden Schneidstrahlen wird die Position der Schneidstrahlen gegenüber der Schnittrichtung definiert durch den Verlauf der durch die Schneidstrahlen aufgespannten Schneidstrahlebene gegenüber der Schnittrichtung. Soll nun die Schnittrichtung geändert werden, so ist die Position der Schneidstrahlen gegenüber der geänderten Schnittrichtung beizubehalten. In den beiden genannten Beispielsfällen ist zu diesem Zweck die Schneidstrahlebene gegenüber dem Werkstück zu verlagern. Eine derartige Verlagerung der Schneidstrahlebene wird bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsmaschine dadurch ermöglicht, daß wenigstens eine Schneideinheit um eine im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Schnittebene verlaufende Dreh-Schwenk-Achse relativ zu dem Werkstück drehschwenkbar ist. Eine Änderung der Schnittrichtung sowie eine damit verbundene Drehschwenkbewegung wenigstens einer Schneideinheit kann dabei sowohl im laufenden Schneidbetrieb als auch nach Fertigstellung eines Trennschnitts vorgenommen werden. Im erstgenannten Fall ergibt sich ein kurvenförmiger Trennschnitt, im zweitgenannten Fall kann an den fertigen Trennschnitt ein davon ausgehender und winkelig dazu verlaufender weiterer Trennschnitt angesetzt werden.In the cutting operation, the cutting beams expediently assume a specific position in relation to the cutting direction. For example, when cutting with two parallel cutting beams or with two cutting beams intersecting at one point, the position of the cutting beams with respect to the cutting direction is defined by the course of the cutting beam plane spanned by the cutting beams with respect to the cutting direction. If the cutting direction is now to be changed, the position of the cutting beams in relation to the changed cutting direction must be maintained. In the two example cases mentioned, the cutting beam plane has to be shifted relative to the workpiece for this purpose. Such a displacement of the cutting beam plane is made possible in a preferred embodiment of the processing machine according to the invention in that at least one cutting unit can be pivoted relative to the workpiece about an axis of rotation, pivoting and running essentially perpendicular to the cutting plane is. A change in the cutting direction and an associated rotary pivoting movement of at least one cutting unit can be carried out both while the cutting operation is in progress and after a separating cut has been completed. In the former case there is a curved separation cut, in the second case a further separation cut starting therefrom and running at an angle thereto can be attached to the finished separation cut.

Eine kompakte Bearbeitungsmaschine ergibt sich, wenn die Schneideinheiten an einem gemeinsamen Schneidkopf der Bearbeitungsmaschine vorgesehen sind.A compact processing machine results if the cutting units are provided on a common cutting head of the processing machine.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsmaschine, an der als Schneideinheiten Druckwassereinheiten vorgesehen sind, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß für jeden Druckwasserstrahl eine Abrasivmittelversorgung vorgesehen ist. Dadurch lassen sich die Schneidstrahlen in ihrem Schneidverhalten unabhängig voneinander modifizieren.A preferred embodiment of the processing machine according to the invention, on which pressurized water units are provided as cutting units, is characterized in that an abrasive supply is provided for each pressurized water jet. This allows the cutting behavior of the cutting beams to be modified independently of one another.

Der Flexibilisierung der Werkstückbearbeitung dient es ebenfalls, daß die Schneideinheiten, wie in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, getrennt mit der zugeordneten Quelle für den Schneidstrahl verbindbar sind. In Abhängigkeit von den Erfordernissen des konkreten Einsatzfalles bzw. in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Phase des Schneidvorganges lassen sich die Schneideinheiten gemeinsam oder einzeln schneidend betreiben.It also serves to make the workpiece machining more flexible in that the cutting units, as provided in a further development of the invention, can be connected separately to the assigned source for the cutting beam. Depending on the requirements of the specific application or depending on the respective phase of the cutting process, the cutting units can be operated together or individually.

Eine Voraussetzung für eine automatisierte Werkstückbearbeitung wird dadurch geschaffen, daß die Schneideinheiten mittels einer Zuschaltsteuerung gesteuert mit der zugeordneten Quelle für den Schneidstrahl verbindbar sind.A prerequisite for automated workpiece machining is created in that the cutting units can be connected to the assigned source for the cutting beam in a controlled manner by means of an activation control.

Erfindungsgemäße Bearbeitungsmaschinen, deren Schneideinheiten getrennt und/oder mittels einer Zuschaltsteuerung gesteuert mit der zugeordneten Quelle für den Schneidstrahl verbindbar sind, werden beispielsweise auch zur Umsetzung derjenigen Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eingesetzt, bei der das zu bearbeitende Werkstück mit lediglich einem Schneidstrahl angeschnitten und danach mit zwei Schneidstrahlen weiterbearbeitet wird.Processing machines according to the invention, the cutting units of which can be connected separately and / or connected to the assigned source for the cutting beam in a controlled manner by means of a cut-in control, are also used, for example, to implement the variant of the method according to the invention in which the workpiece to be processed is cut with only one cutting beam and then with two Cutting blasting is processed further.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsmaschine, die mit einer Geschwindigkeitssteuerung zur Steuerung der Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen den Schneideinheiten und dem Werkstück versehen ist, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß mittels der Geschwindigkeitssteuerung die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen den Schneideinheiten und dem Werkstück in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl der einen Schneidstrahl auf das Werkstück richtenden Schneideinheiten und/oder der Dauer der Zuschaltung der Schneideinheiten gesteuert ist. Eine derartige Bearbeitungsmaschine ist ebenfalls vorzugsweise für den vorstehend beschriebenen Zweiphasen-Schneidbetrieb bestimmt. In der Anschneidphase, in der lediglich ein Schneidstrahl auf das Werkstück gerichtet ist, wird über die Geschwindigkeitssteuerung eine verhältnismäßig niedrige Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen der im Schneidbetrieb befindlichen Schneideinheit und dem Werkstück eingestellt. In dieser Phase arbeitet die erfindungsgemäße Bearbeitungsmaschine nach dem herkömmlichen Bearbeitungsverfahren, demgemäß der Trennschnitt mittels eines einzigen Bearbeitungsstrahls hergestellt wird. Nach Beendigung des Anschnitts erreicht auch der dem Schneidstrahl der ersten Schneideinheit nacheilende Schneidstrahl der zweiten Schneideinheit das Werkstück. Nunmehr läßt sich die Schnittgeschwindigkeit erhöhen. Da der nach dem Anschnitt das Werkstück erreichende zweite Schneidstrahl seine volle Wirksamkeit nicht bereits mit dem Erreichen des Werkstücks entfaltet, ist es zweckmäßig, daß die Schnittgeschwindigkeit, also die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen den Schneideinheiten und dem Werkstück nicht abrupt sondern vielmehr allmählich erhöht wird, sobald die zweite Schneideinheit das Werkstück erreicht hat. Dies wird mittels der Geschwindigkeitssteuerung bewerkstelligt, welche die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen Schneideinheiten und Werkstück nach dem Wirksamwerden der zweiten Schneideinheit nach und nach steigert. Bei entsprechender Steuerung der Schneideinheiten kann an der erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsmaschine die zweite nacheilende Schneideinheit erst nach Beendigung des Anschnitts durch die voreilende erste Schneideinheit mit der zugeordneten Quelle für den Schneidstrahl verbunden werden. In diesem Fall wird während der Anschnittphase lediglich von einer Schneideinheit ein Schneidstrahl ausgesandt.Another preferred embodiment of a processing machine according to the invention, which is provided with a speed control for controlling the relative speed between the cutting units and the workpiece, is characterized in that by means of the speed control, the relative speed between the cutting units and the workpiece as a function of the number of one cutting beam is controlled on the cutting units aimed at the workpiece and / or the duration of the connection of the cutting units. Such a processing machine is also preferably intended for the two-phase cutting operation described above. In the cutting phase, in which only one cutting beam is directed at the workpiece, a relatively low relative speed is set between the cutting unit in the cutting operation and the workpiece via the speed control. In In this phase, the processing machine according to the invention works according to the conventional processing method, according to which the separating cut is produced by means of a single processing beam. After the end of the gating, the cutting beam of the second cutting unit, which follows the cutting beam of the first cutting unit, also reaches the workpiece. Now the cutting speed can be increased. Since the second cutting jet reaching the workpiece after the first cut does not develop its full effectiveness when the workpiece is reached, it is advisable that the cutting speed, i.e. the relative speed between the cutting units and the workpiece, is not increased abruptly but rather gradually as soon as the second Cutting unit has reached the workpiece. This is accomplished by means of the speed control, which gradually increases the relative speed between the cutting units and the workpiece after the second cutting unit takes effect. With appropriate control of the cutting units on the processing machine according to the invention, the second trailing cutting unit can only be connected to the assigned source for the cutting beam after the leading edge has been ended by the leading first cutting unit. In this case, a cutting beam is only emitted by a cutting unit during the starting phase.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand Schematischer Darstellungen zu Ausführungsbeispielen der erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsmaschine näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
den Schneidkopf einer Wasserstrahl-Schneidmaschine mit einem Schneidkopf mit integrierten Schneideinheiten und
Figur 2
den Schneidkopf einer Wasserstrahl-Schneidmaschine mit einem Schneidkopf mit separaten Schneideinheiten.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of the processing machine according to the invention. Show it:
Figure 1
the cutting head of a water jet cutting machine with a cutting head with integrated cutting units and
Figure 2
the cutting head of a water jet cutting machine with a cutting head with separate cutting units.

In Figur 1 dargestellt ist ein Schneidkopf 1 einer Wasserstrahl-Schneidmaschine, der in Richtung eines Pfeils 2 relativ zu einem ortsfesten Werkstück in Form einer Blechtafel 3 verschoben wird. Der Schneidkopf 1 ist an dem die Blechtafel 3 portalartig übergreifenden Träger eines Maschinenschlittens angebracht. Der Maschinenschlitten kann an der Blechtafel 3 entlang verfahren werden. Gleichzeitig läßt sich der Schneidkopf 1 in Längsrichtung des Trägers und somit in Querrichtung der Verfahrrichtung des Maschinenschlittens gesteuert bewegen. Dementsprechend kann der Schneidkopf 1 jeden Punkt in der Blechtafelebene erreichen.1 shows a cutting head 1 of a water jet cutting machine, which is displaced in the direction of an arrow 2 relative to a stationary workpiece in the form of a metal sheet 3. The cutting head 1 is attached to the carrier of a machine slide that overlaps the metal sheet 3 in the manner of a portal. The machine slide can be moved along the metal sheet 3. At the same time, the cutting head 1 can be moved in a controlled manner in the longitudinal direction of the carrier and thus in the transverse direction of the direction of travel of the machine slide. Accordingly, the cutting head 1 can reach any point in the plane of the metal sheet.

In den Schneidkopf 1 integriert sind zwei Schneideinheiten 4, 5, welche die Blechtafel 3 im Schneidbetrieb mit Schneidstrahlen 6, 7 in Form von Hochdruckwasserstrahlen beaufschlagen, deren Strahlachsen sich unterhalb der Schnittebene schneiden. Dabei richtet die Schneideinheit 4 ihren Schneidstrahl 6 unter einem im wesentlichen rechten Winkel auf die Oberfläche der Blechtafel 3. Der von der Schneideinheit 5 ausgesandte Schneidstrahl 7 verläuft unter einem von einem rechten Winkel abweichenden Winkel gegenüber der Werkstückoberfläche. Die Schneidstrahlen 6, 7 bzw. deren Strahlachsen spannen eine senkrecht zu der Blechtafel 3 verlaufende Schneidstrahlebene auf.Integrated in the cutting head 1 are two cutting units 4, 5, which act on the metal sheet 3 in the cutting operation with cutting jets 6, 7 in the form of high-pressure water jets, the jet axes of which intersect below the cutting plane. The cutting unit 4 directs its cutting beam 6 onto the surface of the sheet metal plate 3 at a substantially right angle. The cutting beam 7 emitted by the cutting unit 5 runs at an angle with respect to the workpiece surface that deviates from a right angle. The cutting beams 6, 7 or their beam axes span a cutting beam plane running perpendicular to the metal sheet 3.

An der der Blechtafel 3 abgewandten Seite sind die Schneideinheiten 4, 5 über Anschlüsse 8, 9 und in Figur 1 angedeutete Hochdruckleitungen 10, 11 mit jeweils einer Hochdruckpumpe verbunden. Der gesamte Schneidkopf 1 kann um eine in Richtung der Strahlachse des Schneidstrahls 6 verlaufende Dreh-Schwenk-Achse 12 in Richtung eines Pfeils 13 verschwenkt werden.On the side facing away from the metal sheet 3, the cutting units 4, 5 are each connected to a high-pressure pump via connections 8, 9 and high-pressure lines 10, 11 indicated in FIG. The entire cutting head 1 can be pivoted in the direction of an arrow 13 about a rotation-pivot axis 12 running in the direction of the beam axis of the cutting beam 6.

Soll nun mittels des Schneidkopfs 1 ein Trennschnitt in die Blechtafel 3 eingebracht werden, so werden die Schneideinheiten 4, 5 mit der Hochdruckpumpe verbunden. Der von der Schneideinheit 4 ausgesandte Schneidstrahl 6 eilt dem von der Schneideinheit 5 ausgesandten Schneidstrahl 7 in Schnittrichtung, das heißt, in Richtung des Pfeils 2, voraus. Der von der Schneideinheit 4 ausgesandte Schneidstrahl 6 durchdringt die Blechtafel 3 und stellt unter Verfahren des Schneidkopfs 1 in die durch den Pfeil 2 symbolisierte Schnittrichtung den Anschnitt her. Sobald der Anschnitt fertiggestellt ist, erreicht der von der Schneideinheit 5 ausgesandte Schneidstrahl 7 ebenfalls die Blechtafel 3. Nachdem der Schneidstrahl 7 die Blechtafel 3 erreicht hat, wird die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit des Schneidkopfs 1 gegenüber der Blechtafel 3 ausgehend von einer relativ niedrigen Anschnittgeschwindigkeit bis auf Schnitt-Endgeschwindigkeit erhöht. Auch während des nachfolgenden Schneidvorgangs ist der von der Schneideinheit 4 ausgehende Schneidstrahl 6 dem Schneidstrahl 7 in Schnittrichtung 2 vorauseilend auf die Blechtafel 3 gerichtet. Die von den Schneidstrahlen 6, 7 aufgespannte Schneidstrahlebene verläuft in Schnittrichtung. Der Druck der Schneidstrahlen 6, 7 beträgt rund 3000 bar.If a cutting cut is now to be made in the metal sheet 3 by means of the cutting head 1, the cutting units 4, 5 are connected to the high-pressure pump. The cutting beam 6 emitted by the cutting unit 4 leads the cutting beam 7 emitted by the cutting unit 5 in the cutting direction, that is to say in the direction of the arrow 2. The cutting beam 6 emitted by the cutting unit 4 penetrates the metal sheet 3 and, by moving the cutting head 1, produces the gate in the cutting direction symbolized by the arrow 2. As soon as the gate has been completed, the cutting beam 7 emitted by the cutting unit 5 also reaches the metal sheet 3. After the cutting beam 7 has reached the metal sheet 3, the travel speed of the cutting head 1 relative to the metal sheet 3 is based on a relatively low gate speed except for cutting. Final speed increased. Even during the subsequent cutting process, the cutting beam 6 emanating from the cutting unit 4 is directed towards the cutting beam 7 in the cutting direction 2 onto the metal sheet 3. The cutting beam plane spanned by the cutting beams 6, 7 runs in the cutting direction. The pressure of the cutting jets 6, 7 is around 3000 bar.

Zum Ändern der Schnittrichtung wird der Schneidkopf 1 um die Dreh-Schwenk-Achse 12 verschwenkt. Auf diese Art und Weise können mittels der dargestellten Schneidmaschine kurvenförmige Trennschnitte ebenso hergestellt werden wie unter einem Winkel aneinanderstoßende geradlinige Trennschnitte.To change the cutting direction, the cutting head 1 is pivoted about the pivot axis 12. In this way, curved cutting cuts can be produced using the cutting machine shown, as can straight cutting cuts that abut one another at an angle.

Die in Figur 2 teilweise dargestellte Schneidmaschine besitzt einen Schneidkopf 21 mit zwei separaten Schneideinheiten 24, 25. Entlang eines Trägers 34 eines Maschinenschlittens ist der Schneidkopf 21 in Richtung eines die Schnittrichtung symbolisierenden Pfeiles 22 gegenüber einem Werkstück in Form einer Blechtafel 23 motorisch angetrieben bewegbar. Gleichzeitig kann der Maschinenschlitten senkrecht zu der Zeichenebene gemäß Figur 2 verfahren werden.The cutting machine partially shown in FIG. 2 has a cutting head 21 with two separate cutting units 24, 25. Along a carrier 34 of a machine slide, the cutting head 21 can be moved in a motor-driven manner in the direction of an arrow 22 symbolizing the cutting direction relative to a workpiece in the form of a sheet metal plate 23. At the same time, the machine slide can be moved perpendicular to the drawing plane according to FIG. 2.

Die Schneideinheiten 24, 25 sind um eine im wesentlichen parallel zu der Ebene der Blechtafel 23, das heißt zu der Schnittebene, verlaufende Schwenkachse 35 schwenkbar miteinander verbunden. Zur Herstellung der Schwenkverbindung dienen klammerartige Halterungen 36, 37 welche die Schneideinheiten 24, 25 umschließen. Mittels eines Spindeltriebs 38 ist die Schneideinheit 25 im Innern ihrer Halterung 37 in Richtung eines Doppelpfeils 39 zustellbar. Zusätzlich kann die Schneideinheit 25 in Richtung eines Doppelpfeils 41 verschoben werden. Die Halterung 36, welche die Schneideinheit 24 umgreift, kann in Richtung eines Doppelpfeils 40 im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Ebene der Blechtafel 23 zugestellt werden. Um eine Dreh-Schwenk-Achse 32 läßt sich der gesamte Schneidkopf 21 in Richtung eines Doppelpfeils 33 motorisch verschwenken.The cutting units 24, 25 are pivotally connected to one another about a pivot axis 35 which runs essentially parallel to the plane of the sheet metal plate 23, that is to say to the cutting plane. Bracket-like brackets 36, 37 which surround the cutting units 24, 25 are used to produce the swivel connection. By means of a spindle drive 38, the cutting unit 25 can be advanced in the interior of its holder 37 in the direction of a double arrow 39. In addition, the cutting unit 25 can be moved in the direction of a double arrow 41. The holder 36, which engages around the cutting unit 24, can be fed in the direction of a double arrow 40 substantially perpendicular to the plane of the sheet metal plate 23 will. The entire cutting head 21 can be pivoted in the direction of a double arrow 33 by a motor about a rotary-pivot axis 32.

Im Schneidbetrieb richten die Schneideinheiten 24, 25 in Figur 2 lediglich angedeutete Schneidstrahlen 26, 27 auf die Oberfläche der Blechtafel 23. Dabei verläuft der Schneidstrahl 26 der Schneideinheit 24 im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Werkstückoberfläche; der Schneidstrahl 27 der Schneideinheit 25 schließt mit der Werkstückoberfläche einen von einem rechten Winkel abweichenden Winkel ein. Die beiden Schneidstrahlen 26, 27 schneiden sich in der Schnittebene und spannen eine in Schnittrichtung, das heißt in Richtung des Pfeils 22 verlaufende Schneidstrahlebene auf.In the cutting operation, the cutting units 24, 25 in FIG. 2 only point the cutting beams 26, 27 indicated at the surface of the sheet metal plate 23. The cutting beam 26 of the cutting unit 24 extends essentially perpendicular to the workpiece surface; the cutting beam 27 of the cutting unit 25 encloses an angle deviating from a right angle with the workpiece surface. The two cutting beams 26, 27 intersect in the cutting plane and span a cutting beam plane running in the cutting direction, that is to say in the direction of the arrow 22.

Erzeugt werden die Schneidstrahlen 26, 27 mittels unter Druck stehendem Schneidwasser, das den Schneideinheiten 24, 25 über Hochdruckleitungen 30, 31 zugeführt wird. Zur Variierung der Schneidwirkung können die Schneidstrahlen 26, 27 über Zuleitungen 42, 43 mit Abrasivmittel beaufschlagt werden. Dabei ist für die Schneidstrahlen 26, 27 jeweils eine eigene Abrasivmittelversorgung vorgesehen. Auf diese Art und Weise lassen sich die Schneidstrahlen 26, 27 in ihrem Schneidverhalten an die Erfordernisse des jeweiligen Einsatzfalles anpassen.The cutting jets 26, 27 are generated by means of pressurized cutting water which is fed to the cutting units 24, 25 via high pressure lines 30, 31. To vary the cutting action, the cutting jets 26, 27 can be acted upon with abrasive agents via feed lines 42, 43. A separate abrasive supply is provided for the cutting jets 26, 27. In this way, the cutting beams 26, 27 can be adapted in their cutting behavior to the requirements of the respective application.

Ebenfalls der Anpassung an unterschiedliche Einsatzbedingungen dienen die sich aus den vorstehenden Ausführungen ergebenden Verstellmöglichkeiten der Schneideinheiten 24, 25. So läßt sich durch Verschwenken der Schneideinheit, 25 um die Schwenkachse 35 der von den Schneidstrahlen 26, 27, bzw. den Strahlachsen eingeschlossene Winkel verändern. Durch Verfahren der Schneideinheit 25 in Richtung des Doppelpfeils 39 kann die Lage des Schnittpunkts der Schneidstrahlen 26, 27 bezogen auf die Ebene der Blechtafel 23 variiert werden. Eine Zustellmöglichkeit für die Schneideinheit 25 gegenüber der Oberfläche der Blechtafel 23 bietet die Verstellbarkeit der Schneideinheit 25 in Richtung des Doppelpfeils 41. Eine Verstellung der Schneideinheit 25 in Richtung des Doppelpfeils 39 wird mit einer Verstellung der Schneideinheit 25 in Richtung des Doppelpfeils 41 verbunden, sofern zwar die Lage des Schnittpunkts der Schneidstrahlen 26, 27 bzw. der Strahlachsen gegenüber der Blechtafel 23 verändert, der Abstand des Strahlaustritts an der Schneideinheit 25 von der Blechtafel 23 aber gleichbleiben soll.The adjustment possibilities of the cutting units 24, 25 resulting from the above explanations also serve to adapt to different operating conditions by pivoting the cutting unit 25 about the pivot axis 35, change the angle enclosed by the cutting beams 26, 27 or the beam axes. By moving the cutting unit 25 in the direction of the double arrow 39, the position of the intersection of the cutting beams 26, 27 with respect to the plane of the sheet metal plate 23 can be varied. One possibility for the cutting unit 25 to be delivered in relation to the surface of the sheet metal plate 23 is the adjustability of the cutting unit 25 in the direction of the double arrow 41. An adjustment of the cutting unit 25 in the direction of the double arrow 39 is combined with an adjustment of the cutting unit 25 in the direction of the double arrow 41, if so the position of the intersection of the cutting beams 26, 27 or the beam axes with respect to the sheet 23 is changed, but the distance of the beam exit at the cutting unit 25 from the sheet 23 is to remain the same.

In ihrer grundsätzlichen Arbeitsweise stimmt die Bearbeitungsmaschine gemäß Figur 2 mit der in Figur 1 gezeigten und vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsform überein. Beide Bearbeitungsmaschinen sind selbstverständlich auch zur Bearbeitung von Werkstücken mit gekrümmter Werkstückoberfläche geeignet.In its basic mode of operation, the processing machine according to FIG. 2 corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and described above. Both processing machines are of course also suitable for processing workpieces with a curved workpiece surface.

Claims (20)

Verfahren zum Strahlschneiden von Werkstücken (3,23) mittels eines Schneidstrahls (6,7,26,27), insbesondere in Form eines Druckmittelstrahls, wobei der Schneidstrahl (6,7,26,27) auf das zu bearbeitende Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet und das Werkstück (3,23) und der Schneidstrahl (6,7,26,27) in Querrichtung des Schneidstrahls (6,7,26,27) relativ zueinander bewegt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein weiterer Schneidstrahl (6,7,26,27) derart auf das zu bearbeitende Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet wird, daß sich die Strahlachsen schneiden und/oder daß die Strahlachsen einander an der Schnittlinie unmittelbar benachbart verlaufen.Method for jet cutting workpieces (3,23) by means of a cutting jet (6,7,26,27), in particular in the form of a pressure medium jet, wherein the cutting jet (6,7,26,27) onto the workpiece (3,23 ) and the workpiece (3,23) and the cutting beam (6,7,26,27) are moved in the transverse direction of the cutting beam (6,7,26,27) relative to each other, characterized in that at least one further cutting beam (6 , 7, 26, 27) is directed onto the workpiece (3, 23) to be machined in such a way that the beam axes intersect and / or that the beam axes run directly adjacent to one another on the cutting line. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidstrahlen (6,7) derart auf das Werkstück (3) gerichtet werden, daß sich die Strahlachsen unterhalb der Schnittebene kreuzen.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting beams (6, 7) are directed onto the workpiece (3) in such a way that the beam axes cross below the cutting plane. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidstrahlen (6,7) derart auf das Werkstück (3) gerichtet werden, daß sich die Strahlachsen unterhalb der Schnittebene schneiden.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting beams (6, 7) are directed onto the workpiece (3) in such a way that the beam axes intersect below the cutting plane. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein erster Schneidstrahl (6,26) im wesentlichen senkrecht und ein zweiter Schneidstrahl (7,27) unter einem von einem rechten Winkel abweichenden Winkel auf das Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a first cutting beam (6, 26) is directed essentially perpendicularly and a second cutting beam (7, 27) is directed at the workpiece (3, 23) at an angle deviating from a right angle becomes. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Schneidstrahlen unter einem von einem rechten Winkel abweichenden Winkel auf das Werkstück gerichtet werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two cutting beams are directed onto the workpiece at an angle deviating from a right angle. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Schneidstrahl (6,26), gegebenenfalls vorzugsweise der senkrechte Schneidstrahl (6,26), einem anderen Schneidstrahl (7,27) in Schnittrichtung (2,22) vorauseilend auf das Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a cutting beam (6, 26), possibly preferably the vertical cutting beam (6, 26), precedes another cutting beam (7, 27) in the cutting direction (2, 22) Workpiece (3,23) is directed. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Schneidstrahlen (6,7,26,27) derart auf das Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet werden, daß die Strahlachsen einen Winkel von weniger als 60°einschließen.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two cutting beams (6, 7, 26, 27) are directed onto the workpiece (3.23) in such a way that the beam axes form an angle of less than 60 °. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Schneidstrahlen (6,7,26,27) in Form von vorzugsweise Abrasivmittel führenden Druckwasserstrahlen auf das Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that cutting jets (6, 7, 26, 27) in the form of pressurized water jets which preferably carry abrasive agents are directed onto the workpiece (3,23). Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckwasserstrahlen (6,7,26,27) unter einem Druck von 2800 bar bis 3400 bar auf das Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet werden.Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the pressurized water jets (6, 7, 26, 27) are directed onto the workpiece (3,23) under a pressure of 2800 bar to 3400 bar. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Anschneiden des Werkstücks (3,23) lediglich ein Schneidstrahl (6,26) und nach dem Anschneiden des Werkstücks (3,23) ein weiterer Schneidstrahl (7,27) auf das Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that only one cutting beam (6,26) for cutting the workpiece (3,23) and a further cutting beam (7,27) after cutting the workpiece (3,23) the workpiece (3,23) is straightened. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Anschneiden des Werkstücks (3,23) der eine Schneidstrahl (6,26) und das Werkstück (3,23) mit verhältnismäßig geringer Relativgeschwindigkeit bewegt werden und daß die Relativgeschwindigkeit bis maximal auf die Schnitt-Endgeschwindigkeit erhöht wird, nachdem der weitere Schneidstrahl (7,27) auf das Werkstück (3,23) gerichtet worden ist.Method according to claim 10, characterized in that when the workpiece (3,23) is cut, the one cutting beam (6,26) and the workpiece (3,23) are moved at a relatively low relative speed and that the relative speed is limited to the cutting Final speed is increased after the further cutting beam (7.27) has been directed onto the workpiece (3.23). Bearbeitungsmaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, mit wenigstens zwei mit zumindest einer Quelle für einen Schneidstrahl (6,7,26,27) in Verbindung stehenden und im Schneidbetrieb einen Schneidstrahl (6,7,26,27) aussendenden Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25), wobei die Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) und das zu bearbeitende Werkstück (3,23) in Schnittrichtung (2,22) relativ zueinander bewegbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gleichzeitig im Schneidbetrieb befindlichen Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) und das Werkstück (3,23) entlang einer gemeinsamen Schnittlinie der Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) relativ zueinander bewegbar sind.Processing machine for carrying out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, with at least two connected to at least one source for a cutting beam (6,7,26,27) and in the cutting operation a cutting beam (6,7,26,27) emitting cutting units (4,5,24,25), the cutting units (4,5,24,25) and the workpiece (3,23) to be machined being movable relative to each other in the cutting direction (2,22), characterized in that the cutting units (4,5,24,25) and the workpiece which are in the cutting mode at the same time (3,23) are movable relative to each other along a common cutting line of the cutting units (4,5,24,25). Bearbeitungsmaschine nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Schneideinheit (24,25) um eine im wesentlichen parallel zu der Schnittebene verlaufende Schwenkachse (35) gegenüber der zugeordneten Schneideinheit (24,25) schwenkbar und in der jeweiligen Schwenkstellung festlegbar ist.Processing machine according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one cutting unit (24, 25) can be pivoted about a pivot axis (35) running essentially parallel to the cutting plane relative to the assigned cutting unit (24, 25) and can be fixed in the respective pivoting position. Bearbeitungsmaschine nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinheiten (24,25) im wesentlichen parallel zu der Schnittebene, vorzugsweise in Schnittrichtung (22) relativ zueinander verschiebbar angebracht sind.Processing machine according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the cutting units (24, 25) are mounted essentially parallel to the cutting plane, preferably displaceable relative to one another in the cutting direction (22). Bearbeitungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine Schneideinheit (4,5,24,25) um eine im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Schnittebene verlaufende Dreh-Schwenk-Achse (12,32) relativ zu dem Werkstück (3,23) drehschwenkbar ist.Processing machine according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that at least one cutting unit (4,5,24,25) relative to the workpiece (3) about a rotation-swivel axis (12,32) which runs essentially perpendicular to the cutting plane , 23) is pivotable. Bearbeitungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinheiten (4,5) an einem gemeinsamen Schneidkopf (1) der Bearbeitungsmaschine vorgesehen sind.Processing machine according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the cutting units (4, 5) are provided on a common cutting head (1) of the processing machine. Bearbeitungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, wobei als Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) Druckwassereinheiten vorgesehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für jeden Druckwasserstrahl eine Abrasivmittelversorgung vorgesehen ist.Processing machine according to one of claims 12 to 16, wherein pressurized water units are provided as cutting units (4,5,24,25), characterized in that an abrasive supply is provided for each pressurized water jet. Bearbeitungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) getrennt mit der zugeordneten Quelle für den Schneidstrahl (6,7,26,27) verbindbar sind.Processing machine according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the cutting units (4,5,24,25) can be connected separately to the assigned source for the cutting beam (6,7,26,27). Bearbeitungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) mittels einer Zuschaltsteuerung gesteuert mit der zugeordneten Quelle für den Schneidstrahl (6,7,26,27) verbindbar sind.Processing machine according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the cutting units (4,5,24,25) can be connected to the assigned source for the cutting beam (6,7,26,27) in a controlled manner by means of a connection control. Bearbeitungsmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 19, mit einer Geschwindigkeitssteuerung zur Steuerung der Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen den Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) und dem Werkstück (3,23), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels der Geschwindigkeitssteuerung die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen den Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) und dem Werkstück (3,23) in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl der einen Schneidstrahl (6,7,26,27) auf das Werkstück (3,23) richtenden Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) und/oder der Dauer der Zuschaltung der Schneideinheiten (4,5,24,25) gesteuert ist.Processing machine according to one of claims 12 to 19, with a speed control for controlling the relative speed between the cutting units (4,5,24,25) and the workpiece (3,23), characterized in that by means of the speed control the relative speed between the cutting units ( 4,5,24,25) and the workpiece (3,23) depending on the number of cutting units (4,5,24, directing a cutting beam (6,7,26,27) onto the workpiece (3,23) 25) and / or the duration of the connection of the cutting units (4,5,24,25) is controlled.
EP95115843A 1994-11-14 1995-10-07 Method and processing machine for fluid jet cutting of workpieces Expired - Lifetime EP0711633B1 (en)

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EP0711633A3 (en) 1996-06-05
DE4440631C2 (en) 1998-07-09
US5605492A (en) 1997-02-25
DE4440631A1 (en) 1996-05-15
EP0711633B1 (en) 2001-11-28
US5759086A (en) 1998-06-02
JPH08229900A (en) 1996-09-10

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