EP0719355B1 - Fibre bonding - Google Patents
Fibre bonding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0719355B1 EP0719355B1 EP94924925A EP94924925A EP0719355B1 EP 0719355 B1 EP0719355 B1 EP 0719355B1 EP 94924925 A EP94924925 A EP 94924925A EP 94924925 A EP94924925 A EP 94924925A EP 0719355 B1 EP0719355 B1 EP 0719355B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibre
- jets
- melt
- web
- assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
Definitions
- This invention relates to producing fibre assemblies and fabrics.
- non-woven fabricating methods which produce fabrics more quickly and/or at lower cost, or with special properties.
- Some of these methods use heat to melt fusible fibre in a web to produce a so-called thermobonded fabric - such fabrics are produced using a heated roller which may have an embossed pattern which spot- or point- bonds the web so as to leave intervening unbonded areas so that he resulting material has a degree of textile flexibility, though the fabrics tend to be quite stiff nevertheless.
- Thermobonding is usually associated with high energy consumption.
- US-A-3 353 225 discloses methods for producing non-woven fabric by jet treatment with fluid for entangling fibres in a fibrous sheet to form a patterned, coherent non-woven fabric.
- the patterned, coherent structures are prepared directly from loose fibrous layers without the use of binders or adhesives, by treatment with high velocity streams of fluid such as air or steam.
- the present invention provides methods for making improved non-woven fabrics.
- the invention comprises a method for making a fabric from a fibre assembly comprising impinging a jet on the assembly, characterised in that the assembly has a melt component and the jet is of such high temperature as to melt the melt component to fuse fibres of the assembly together to form a fabric.
- the jet may entangle as well as melt fibres and particularly interesting results are obtained when jets melt and entangle. It may be arranged that all jets melt and entangle to greater or lesser relative extents to produce fabrics or structures of various characteristics. It may be arranged that purely entangling jets are present with purely melting jets or with jets that both melt and entangle.
- the melt component may be a thermoplastic fibre - by "fibre” as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, is meant continuous filament or staple fibre. Two thermoplastic fibres may be used together, one of which, by virtue of its lower melting temperature, comprising a melt fibre, the other a structure fibre.
- thermoplastic fibre may be the sole constituent of the assembly and molten portions of it fuse other portions together.
- a melt fibre may be a single component fibre or may be a bicomponent fibre having at least one thermoplastic component.
- thermoplastic fibre may however be one of at least two components of the assembly, the other of which may or may not be thermoplastic, and may melt to bond other or the other component fibre.
- the jet may be a steam jet, and may be a super- heated steam jet.
- the fibre assembly may be a fibre web.
- a plurality of spaced-apart jets may act on the web; the jets may be spaced apart in two-dimensional array.
- the jets may be apertures in a platen backed by a superheated steam plenum chamber, or may be apertures in a rotary cylinder.
- the jets may be spaced apart by distances of the order of two or three millimetres.
- the fibre assembly may be backed by a permeable support, which may comprise a perforate belt or wire, which may wrap around a rotary cylinder for example or which may constitute a conveyor for the web.
- a permeable support which may comprise a perforate belt or wire, which may wrap around a rotary cylinder for example or which may constitute a conveyor for the web.
- the invention also comprises a fabric comprising a web of fibres having spaced apart points where the fibres are less densely arranged than in the rest of the web, characterised in that fibres in such spaced apart points have interfibre melt bonds
- the drawings illustrate methods and apparatus for bonding a fibre assembly and in particular a fibre web 11 to form a bonded fabric, and bonded fabrics formed thereby.
- Figures 1 to 3 illustrate apparatus and methods of using it in which high temperature superheated steam jets 12 impinge on the fibre web 11 to melt a melt component fibre thereof to fuse fibres together.
- melt component is a thermoplastic fibre. It must, however, be pointed out that it would be possible to incorporate a melt component in some other way, such, for example, as in powder or particulate form. However, using a smelt component fibre means that any unmelted melt component remains as part ofthe fibre make-up ofthe fabric and this suggests that incorporation of melt component in fibre form is most efficient.
- hydroentanglement has been used as a means of making a fabric from a web or fleece of fibre
- the jets contemplated for use in the present invention can correspond substantially to those used in hydroentanglement in regard to size, spacing, cross-sectional area, velocity and so forth, with the essential difference that they are hot enough to melt at least a melt component of the fibre assembly or web to fuse fibres together.
- FIGs 1 and 2 illustrate an arrangement in which a plenum chamber 21 backs a platen 22 with jet apertures 23 impinging the web 11 supported on a perforate backing mesh or wire 24.
- the mesh or wire 24 constitutes an endless belt running over rollers 25 and beneath the platen 22, the plenum chamber 21 of which is supplied with superheated steam from a steam generator 26.
- a support bed 27 (which may also be perforated to allow escape of steam) is provided beneath the platen 22 to support the mesh or wire 24.
- the platen 22 can be raised from and lowered on to the top of the web 11 which can be moved intermittently, a platen-length at a time, when the platen is raised, steam being applied when the travel is temporarily arrested and the platen lowered.
- FIG. 3 A continuous processing arrangement is illustrated in Figure 3 in which a perforated roller 32 with an interior plenum chamber 31 is used instead of the platen 21 of Figures 1 and 2.
- the web 11 is guided around and pressed against the platen 32 by a perforate belt 34 running on rollers 35.
- the jets of the roller 32 are blanked off except where the web 11 is wrapped.
- the treatment zone is encased in suitable jacket means, not shown, to prevent dangerous escape of high pressure, superheated steam and to provide for heat and possibly water recovery.
- suitable jacket means not shown, to prevent dangerous escape of high pressure, superheated steam and to provide for heat and possibly water recovery.
- Appropriate controls and safety measures will also be provided, as well as the necessary fibre preparation and web-laying equipment, fibre take-up and so forth.
- Figure 4 shows a surface, somewhat enlarged, of a bonded web produced on apparatus as described with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
- spots 41 are noticeable in a configuration corresponding to the array of jets in the apparatus.
- Figures 5 and 6 show the spots 41 to larger scales - some bonding is evident more particularlyin Figures 6.
- Figure 7 is a further enlargement of a fibre region within a spot 41 in which melt bonds are clearly visible as globules 42. This is typical of bonding with distinct melt and structure components.
- Figures 8 which is a view to a somewhat higher magnification even than Figure 7, illustrates a bond typical of a single component fabric where the individual fibres 81 become tacky and form bonds by means of fibrils 82 bridging them.
- both types of bond may be found within a multicomponent fabric according to the processing temperatures.
- a variety of fabric specifications may also be generated by using different temperatures and pressures, patterned backing elements, patterns and sizes of jet orifices and different degrees of constricting the fibres in the web against movement under the jets.
- the fibre may be continuous filament or staple fibre or a mixture of the two, and a melt component may be provided as one component of a bicomponent fibre.
- the superheated steam may contain additives which may help or serve to effect thermal bonding between fibres or to condense a treatment substance on to the fibres, and indeed many variations on the basic principles hereinabove disclosed will be found useful.
- Typical fabrics produced by the method of the invention have tenacities (in Cn/tex) of about 1.3 which compares favourably with thermally bonded fabrics (about 1.2) and very favourably with conventionally hydro- entangled fabrics (about 0.8).
- the flexural rigidity of atypical fabric of the invention is about 1200 mg.cm, which is intermediate between a thermally bonded fabric (about 1700 mg.cm) and a hydroentangled fabric (about 800 mg.cm).
- the fabric of the invention can be produced to different specifications, and particularly at different strengths and flexural rigidities without the one necessarily having to be traded off against the other.
Description
- Figure 1
- is a diagrammatic section through steam jet means of the invention acting on a fibre web;
- Figure 2
- is a diagrammatic side elevation of fabric bonding plant including steam jet means according to the invention;
- Figure 3
- is a diagrammatic cross-section through another fibre bonding plant according to the invention;
- Figure 4
- is a view of a section of a surface of a bonded web according to the invention;
- Figure 5
- is a view like Figure 4 to a larger scale;
- Figure 6
- is a view of a single bond point of a web as depicted in Figures 4 and 5;
- Figure 7
- is a view of bonded fibres in a bond point as illustrated in Figure 6;
- and Figure 8
- is a view like Figure 7 of a different fabric according to the invention.
Claims (17)
- A method for making a fabric from a fibre assembly comprising impinging a jet on the assembly, characterised in that the assembly has a melt component and the jet is of such high temperature as to melt the melt component to fuse fibres of the assembly together to form a fabric.
- A method according to claim 1, in which the melt component is a thermoplastic fibre.
- A method according to claim 2, in which the thermoplastic fibre is the sole constituent of the assembly and molten portions of it fuse other portions together.
- A method according to claim 2, in which the thermoplastic fibre is one of at least two components and melts to bond other fibre components.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the jet is a steam jet.
- A method according to claim 5, in which the steam jet is a superheated steam jet.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the fibre assembly comprises a fibre web.
- A method according to claim 7, in which a plurality of spaced-apart jets acts on the web.
- A method according to claim 8, in which the jets are spaced spart in two-dimensional array.
- A method according to claim 9, in which the jets are apertures in a platen backed by a superheated steam plenum chamber.
- A method according to claim 9, in which the jets are apertures in a rotary cylinder.
- A method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, in which the jets are spaced apart by distances of the order of two or three millimetres.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, in which the jets entangle as well as melt fibre.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, in which the fibre assembly is backed by a permeable support.
- A method according to claim 14, in which the permeable support comprises a perforate belt or wire.
- A method according to claim 15, in which the belt or wire wraps around a rotary cylinder.
- A fabric comprising a web of fibres having spaced apart points where the fibres are less densely arranged than in the rest of the web, characterised in that fibres in such spaced apart points have interfibre melt bonds.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9317946 | 1993-08-28 | ||
GB939317946A GB9317946D0 (en) | 1993-08-28 | 1993-08-28 | Fibre bonding |
PCT/GB1994/001856 WO1995006769A1 (en) | 1993-08-28 | 1994-08-24 | Fibre bonding |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0719355A1 EP0719355A1 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
EP0719355B1 true EP0719355B1 (en) | 1998-07-29 |
Family
ID=10741209
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94924925A Expired - Lifetime EP0719355B1 (en) | 1993-08-28 | 1994-08-24 | Fibre bonding |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0719355B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7502994A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69412106T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9317946D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995006769A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7645353B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2010-01-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonically laminated multi-ply fabrics |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10019342B3 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2006-02-09 | Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. | Consolidation of non-woven webs uses gas jets at critical velocity produced by parallel or convergent nozzles |
DE19933360A1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-01-18 | Saechsisches Textilforsch Inst | Process for strengthening fiber and / or filament nonwovens |
US6736916B2 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2004-05-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hydraulically arranged nonwoven webs and method of making same |
JP4439854B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2010-03-24 | 三菱レイヨン・エンジニアリング株式会社 | Non-woven fabric manufacturing method using pressurized steam jet nozzle |
DE102006001036A1 (en) * | 2006-01-07 | 2007-07-12 | Entwicklungsgesellschaft für Akustik (EfA)mbH | Fibrous moldings comprise, for use in aircraft or vehicle production, comprise molded, compressed fiber layer which is bonded to carpet layer using jets of fluid |
CN101410564B (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2011-01-26 | 可乐丽可乐富丽世股份有限公司 | Molded object having nonwoven fibrous structure |
JP5123497B2 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2013-01-23 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric manufacturing method and nonwoven fabric manufacturing apparatus |
DE102007043543A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Fleissner Gmbh | Production of structured non-woven materials comprises passing unstructured non-woven web containing fusible fibers past hot gas jet, web resting on structured support which moves with it as it passes jet |
DE102007043523A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Fleissner Gmbh | Mass production of three-dimensionally-textured fabric, places fleece against moving, textured support, pre-compacts and applies steam heating on outer surface |
DE102007053030A1 (en) | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-07 | Fleissner Gmbh | Apparatus for contacting fabric with hot gas, e.g. for steam needling of non-wovens, is coordinated with dryer or oven to maximize thermal energy utilization |
DE202011004335U1 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2012-03-26 | Trützschler Nonwovens Gmbh | Device for solidifying a textile product by means of hot gases |
CN116917561A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2023-10-20 | 捷恩智株式会社 | Nonwoven fabric and method for producing same |
WO2022202142A1 (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | Jnc株式会社 | Nonwoven fabric and method for producing same |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE304105B (en) * | 1962-10-03 | 1968-09-16 | Berger G Welin | |
US3192560A (en) * | 1963-11-08 | 1965-07-06 | Du Pont | Apparatus for heat treating porous sheet material |
US3458905A (en) * | 1966-07-05 | 1969-08-05 | Du Pont | Apparatus for entangling fibers |
US3353225A (en) * | 1966-07-05 | 1967-11-21 | Du Pont | Process of forming nonwoven fabric with opposed jets |
-
1993
- 1993-08-28 GB GB939317946A patent/GB9317946D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-08-24 AU AU75029/94A patent/AU7502994A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-08-24 DE DE69412106T patent/DE69412106T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-24 EP EP94924925A patent/EP0719355B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-24 WO PCT/GB1994/001856 patent/WO1995006769A1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7645353B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2010-01-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonically laminated multi-ply fabrics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69412106T2 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
WO1995006769A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
EP0719355A1 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
DE69412106D1 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
GB9317946D0 (en) | 1993-10-13 |
AU7502994A (en) | 1995-03-22 |
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