EP0767267A1 - Method and device for dry cleaning textiles - Google Patents
Method and device for dry cleaning textiles Download PDFInfo
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- EP0767267A1 EP0767267A1 EP95117536A EP95117536A EP0767267A1 EP 0767267 A1 EP0767267 A1 EP 0767267A1 EP 95117536 A EP95117536 A EP 95117536A EP 95117536 A EP95117536 A EP 95117536A EP 0767267 A1 EP0767267 A1 EP 0767267A1
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- concentration
- drying
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
- D06F43/08—Associated apparatus for handling and recovering the solvents
- D06F43/086—Recovering the solvent from the drying air current
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for dry cleaning textiles which are washed with solvent and dried with warm air, the solvent being recovered after condensation.
- the invention relates to such a device with washing and drying drum, condenser for the solvent, a heater and a warm air supply for drying, washing and drying in one and the same machine, but alternatively also in two separate machines, are possible.
- Textile cleaning systems for hydrocarbon solvents (KWL), i.e.
- WBL hydrocarbon solvents
- WLL hydrocarbon solvents
- Textile cleaning systems work in a closed system and, in addition to the actual cleaning, also guarantee the drying of the goods with simultaneous recovery through condensation and regeneration (distillation, adsorption) of the solvent used.
- Drying in textile cleaning systems is influenced by a large number of changing conditions: these are the type and quantity of goods, as well as the amount of residual solvent remaining in the goods after spinning, the physical properties of the solvent used, the thermal energy supplied, the volume flow of the circulating air. These conditions change from one batch to another.
- the drying process is delayed, ie the drying times are extended and the machine capacity is reduced.
- the safety-relevant parameters can be measured easily (O 2 content or temperature).
- a third security variant is that the solvent concentration in all phases of the drying process is kept in an uncritical concentration range, ie below the LEL. This could circumvent the technical outlay for reducing the O 2 content or the disadvantages of reducing the temperature. However, it is a prerequisite that the solvent concentration can be measured continuously and that it can be controlled under all process conditions.
- the invention has for its object to avoid the effort previously considered necessary, such as reducing the O 2 content in the dryer air or delayed drying or on the other hand condensation in the measuring systems and to propose a particularly inexpensive method.
- the concentration of the warm air supply is controlled.
- the increase in concentration per unit of time is preferably characteristic.
- Heat is expediently supplied intermittently in order to avoid the increase to excessive solvent concentrations.
- IR infrared
- a fuzzy logic controller has proven to be particularly useful for this.
- Reliable measurement technology has therefore been developed and adapted to the case to be solved and enables continuous concentration measurement during the entire drying process.
- the factors influencing the course of drying are examined.
- the influence of disruptive factors on drying is examined.
- Control variables for the drying process are determined.
- the measure according to the invention made it possible to develop suitable software for converting the measurement signals into control signals in terms of process engineering.
- the measure according to the invention was able to guarantee solvent concentrations under all planned and unscheduled process conditions in the range of a maximum of 75% LEL.
- a modified version of the measuring device (modified e.g. by a heated measuring cell) is installed at the drum outlet, in the area of the highest concentration, by means of which condensation phenomena that have previously occurred can be reliably avoided. This enables continuous concentration measurement from the beginning to the end of drying.
- the measured value signals are fed to the machine's internal computer control (PLC). Self-check functions automatically check the function of the IR measuring device.
- PLC programmable logic controller
- the signals are processed with the help of the determined process engineering influencing factors, and control signals are sent to the machine system (e.g. with regard to steam supply, control of the blower motor, drum drive and door lock, ventilation flaps, valve control of the refrigeration systems, etc.).
- the computer control takes over the optimal setting of the dry and cool-down times depending on the concentration curve in the drum.
- the transition from the cool-down phase to the blow-out phase takes place when the difference in the decrease in concentration over time, which first becomes flat and then very flat after the plateau, reaches a certain, very low value.
- the computer with fuzzy logic makes a temperature and concentration comparison and controls a concentration course over time, the influencing factors such as overloaded, underloaded drums, heavier textiles, in which the solvents are more difficult to escape , lighter textiles where this is easier to do.
- the controller After the controller has determined a certain concentration curve, a specific conductance is calculated for this concentration curve as a function of the concentration curve and the temperature. It is important here that, since the media are non-polar, electrical measurements are not possible.
- phase I the maximum permissible temperature of the circulating air during drying, the drying time, the temperature of the cool-down phase (phase II) and the time for blowing out (phase III) are stored in the program.
- the solvent-containing air first flows through a fluff filter 3, in which the fiber abrasion is filtered off, from there into the solvent condenser 5, in which the solvent and water components are condensed out on cooled surfaces.
- the solvent / water mixture runs through a water separator into a solvent tank and is thus available for cleaning again.
- the cooled and discharged air takes up a portion of the previously extracted heat in the condenser of the refrigerator, that is, the preheater 6, then flows through the steam or electrically heated heating register 7 and in turn arrives in the drum.
- Phase I is automatically ended after the preselected time and phase II (cool-down) is initiated. It cannot be determined whether phase I was too long or too short - the result only becomes apparent after the goods have been unloaded.
- the goods in the drum are gradually cooled and residual amounts of solvent that are still present are removed.
- the heat supply from the refrigeration machine (preheater) and the steam supply to the heating register are closed. This phase ends when the preselected temperature ( ⁇ 50 ° C) is reached.
- the cool down phase Phase III
- the dryer is blown out in a time-controlled manner (approx. 1 minute). The closed air circuit is opened, which means that room air is drawn in and, after flowing through the dryer, it is led outside.
- the computer control (CPU / PLC) takes the optimal definition of the drying and cool-down times as a function of the concentration profile in the drum 1/2, which over 20 in association with 19 (temperature measurement ) is determined before.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Trockenreinigen von Textilien, die mit Lösemittel gewaschen und mit Warmluft getrocknet werden, wobei das Lösemittel nach Kondensation rückgewonnen wird.The invention relates to a method for dry cleaning textiles which are washed with solvent and dried with warm air, the solvent being recovered after condensation.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine solche Vorrichtung mit Wasch- und Trocknertrommel, Kondensator für das Lösungsmittel, einer Heizung und einer Warmluftzufuhr zum Trocknen, wobei Waschen und Trocknen in ein und der gleichen Maschine, alternativ aber auch in zwei getrennten Maschinen, möglich sind.The invention relates to such a device with washing and drying drum, condenser for the solvent, a heater and a warm air supply for drying, washing and drying in one and the same machine, but alternatively also in two separate machines, are possible.
Textilreinigungsanlagen (Chemischreinigungsanlagen) für Kohlenwasserstoff-Lösemittel (KWL), d.h. weitestgehend aromatenfreie Lösungsmittel aus der Gruppe der Alkane gewinnen mit dem Verbot von FCKW und der drastisch abnehmenden öffentlichen Akzeptanz von Per(Tetrachlorethylen) zunehmende Bedeutung. Bei diesen liegt der Flammpunkt über 55°C.Textile cleaning systems (chemical cleaning systems) for hydrocarbon solvents (KWL), i.e. Largely aromatic-free solvents from the group of alkanes are becoming increasingly important with the ban on CFCs and the drastically decreasing public acceptance of per (tetrachlorethylene). The flash point of these is above 55 ° C.
Textilreinigungsanlagen arbeiten im geschlossenen System und gewährleisten neben der eigentlichen Reinigung zugleich die Trocknung der Ware bei gleichzeitiger Rückgewinnung durch Kondensation und Regenerierung (Destillation, Adsorption) des eingesetzen Lösemittels.Textile cleaning systems work in a closed system and, in addition to the actual cleaning, also guarantee the drying of the goods with simultaneous recovery through condensation and regeneration (distillation, adsorption) of the solvent used.
Mit dem Einsatz der brennbaren KWL mit ihren niedrigen Dampfdrücken und hohen Siedebereichen ergaben sich neue Anforderungen hinsichtlich optimaler Bedingungen aus Sicht des Brandschutzes, der Trockenzeiten, des Energieeinsatzes und der Ökologie an den Trocknungsprozeß.The use of combustible KWL with its low steam pressures and high boiling ranges resulted in new requirements with regard to optimal conditions from the point of view of fire protection, the drying times, the use of energy and the ecology of the drying process.
Die Trocknung in Textilreinigungsanlagen wird von einer großen Anzahl wechselnder Bedingungen beeinflußt: das sind die Warenart und -menge, sowie die nach dem Schleudern in der Ware verbliebene Restlösemittelmenge, die physikalischen Eigenschaften des verwendeten Lösemittels, die zugeführte Wärmeenergie, der Volumenstrom der Umluft. Diese Bedingungen ändern sich von einer Charge zur anderen.Drying in textile cleaning systems is influenced by a large number of changing conditions: these are the type and quantity of goods, as well as the amount of residual solvent remaining in the goods after spinning, the physical properties of the solvent used, the thermal energy supplied, the volume flow of the circulating air. These conditions change from one batch to another.
Die Steuerung des Trocknungsprozesses erfolgt bisher in Chemischreinigungsanlagen nach Zeit und Umlufttemperatur unter Verwendung empirischer Vorgaben, die der Maschinenbediener nach Ermessen vorwählt. Die Folgen dieser Verfahrensführung sind entweder
- Übertrocknungen der Ware durch zu lange Trocknungszeiten mit der Folge möglicher Warenschädigungen, überhöhter Einergieverbräuche und verminderter Maschinenkapazität,
- unzureichernder Trockungseffekt durch zu kurze Trocknungszeiten mit der Folge, daß die Ware ungenügend getrocknet ist, die Restlösemittel zu zusätzlichen Emissionen und unter Umständen bei längeren Kontaktzeiten zu Hautreizungen führen. Diesem Problem kommt aus ökologischer und gesundheitlicher Sicht eine besondere Bedeutung zu, da in der Praxis durch fehlende Meßtechnik und aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen eher eine Unter- als eine Übertrocknung festgestellt werden kann.
- Overdrying of the goods due to drying times that are too long, resulting in possible damage to the goods, excessive energy consumption and reduced machine capacity,
- Inadequate drying effect due to drying times that are too short, with the result that the goods are not sufficiently dried, the residual solvents lead to additional emissions and, under certain circumstances, lead to skin irritation with longer contact times. From an ecological and health point of view, this problem is of particular importance, since in practice a lack of over-drying rather than over-drying can be determined due to the lack of measuring technology and for economic reasons.
Desweiteren sind bei brennbaren Lösemitteln nach den zufälligen Bedingungen Konzentrationen in der Umluft des Trocknungssystems möglich, die über der UEG (Untere Explosionsgrenze) liegen können. Zur Vermeidung von Bränden oder Explosionen werden daher Primärschutzmaßnahmen folgender Art angewandt:
- Verringerung des O2-Gehaltes in der Trocknerumluft auf deutlich unter 11 %, entweder durch Eindüsen eines Inertgases (z.B. N2) oder durch Vakuumierung, oder
- Begrenzung der Trocknungstemperatur auf Werte deutlich unterhalb des Flammpunktes.
- Reduction of the O 2 content in the dryer air to well below 11%, either by injecting an inert gas (eg N 2 ) or by vacuuming, or
- Limitation of the drying temperature to values well below the flash point.
Bei der ersten Variante sind erhebliche maschinentechnische und energetische Mehraufwendungen notwendig. Bei der zweiten Variante läuft die Trocknung verzögert ab, d.h., die Trocknungszeiten verlängern sich und die Maschinenkapazität sinkt. Bei beiden Möglichkeiten können jedoch die sicherheitsrelevanten Kenngrößen meßtechnisch ohne weiteres erfaßt werden (O2-Gehalt bzw. Temperatur).In the first variant, considerable additional mechanical and energy expenditure is necessary. In the second variant, the drying process is delayed, ie the drying times are extended and the machine capacity is reduced. In both cases, however, the safety-relevant parameters can be measured easily (O 2 content or temperature).
Eine dritte Sicherheitsvariante besteht darin, daß die Lösemittelkonzentration in allen Phasen des Trocknungsprozesses in einem unkritischen Konzentrationsbereich, d.h. unterhalb der UEG gehalten wird. Damit könnten die technischen Aufwendungen für eine Verringerung des O2-Gehaltes bzw. die Nachteile einer Temperaturverringerung umgangen werden. Voraussetzung ist jedoch, daß die Lösemittelkonzentration kontinuierlich gemessen werden kann und unter allen Bedingungen verfahrenstechnisch beherrschbar ist.A third security variant is that the solvent concentration in all phases of the drying process is kept in an uncritical concentration range, ie below the LEL. This could circumvent the technical outlay for reducing the O 2 content or the disadvantages of reducing the temperature. However, it is a prerequisite that the solvent concentration can be measured continuously and that it can be controlled under all process conditions.
Eine zuverlässige meßtechnische Überwachung der Lösemittelkonzentration bei den während der Trocknung gegebenen Bedingungen scheiterte aber bislang bei allen infrage kommenden Meßprinzipien (FID, PID, IR, GC) an den partiell auftretenden Kondensationen in den Meßsystemen, hervorgerufen durch auftretende Taupunktunterschreitungen. Damit konnten die ablaufenden Prozesse weder beobachtet noch beeinflußt werden - der Trocknungsprozeß wurde notwendigerweise empirisch gesteuert.Reliable measurement monitoring of the solvent concentration under the conditions prevailing during drying has so far failed with all possible measurement principles (FID, PID, IR, GC) due to the partially occurring condensation in the measurement systems, caused by the dew point being undershot. This meant that the processes taking place could neither be observed nor influenced - the drying process was necessarily controlled empirically.
Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, den bisher für erforderlich gehaltenen Aufwand, wie Verringerung des O2-Gehaltes in der Trocknerumluft oder verzögerte Trocknung oder andererseits Kondensationen in den Meßsystemen zu vermeiden und ein besonders unaufwendiges Verfahren vorzuschlagen.In contrast, the invention has for its object to avoid the effort previously considered necessary, such as reducing the O 2 content in the dryer air or delayed drying or on the other hand condensation in the measuring systems and to propose a particularly inexpensive method.
Erreicht wird dies erfindungsgemäß bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch, daß die Lösungsmittelkonzentration am Ort höchster Konzentration und Temperatur kontinuierlich über den gesamten Trocknungsverlauf gemessen wird, die Werte in einem Computer verarbeitet werden und abhängig von der Zuordnung von Konzentration als Leitwert und Temperatur längs einer Kennlinie die Konzentration der Warmluftzufuhr gesteuert wird. Vorzugsweise ist kennzeichnend der Zuwachs der Konzentration pro Zeiteinheit.This is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type mentioned at the outset by continuously measuring the solvent concentration at the location of the highest concentration and temperature over the entire course of the drying process, processing the values in a computer and depending on the assignment of concentration as the conductance and temperature along one The concentration of the warm air supply is controlled. The increase in concentration per unit of time is preferably characteristic.
Nach einem steilen Anstieg wird erfindungsgemäß auf ein Plateau der Konzentration hin gefahren.After a steep climb, the plateau of concentration is reached according to the invention.
Zweckmäßig wird Wärme intermittierend, um den Anstieg auf zu hohe Lösungsmittelkonzentrationen zu vermeiden, zugeführt.Heat is expediently supplied intermittently in order to avoid the increase to excessive solvent concentrations.
Als besonders günstig hat es sich herausgestellt, und hierdurch werden auch die Störungen durch Kondensation vermieden, wenn der Meßwertaufnehmer beheizt wird.It has been found to be particularly favorable, and this also prevents the condensation faults when the sensor is heated.
Mit dem Umschalten auf die nächste Phase (Cool-Down-Phase) wird solange gewartet, bis die jeweilige Maximalkonzentration um mindestens 90 % unterschritten wird.When switching to the next phase (cool-down phase), the process waits until the respective maximum concentration falls below at least 90%.
Zweckmäßig arbeitet man mit einem Infrarot-(IR)-Meßgerät für die Konzentration unmittelbar am Trocknertrommelausgang und benutzt dies zu einer bisher nicht erbrachten kontinuierlichen Konzentrationsmessung und zwar bis zum Ende der Trocknung.It is expedient to work with an infrared (IR) measuring device for the concentration directly at the dryer drum outlet and use this for a continuous concentration measurement which has not been carried out until the end of drying.
Besonders zweckmäßig hat sich hierzu eine Fuzzy-Logic-Steuerung erwiesen.A fuzzy logic controller has proven to be particularly useful for this.
Es ergibt sich also eine leitwertgesteuerte Trocknung, vorgesehen für KWL Reinigungsanlagen. Eine Übertragung auf Per-Anlagen ist natürlich möglich, wobei hierbei der Sicherheitsaspekt (Explosionsgefahr) und die hierdurch bedingten Maßnahmen außer acht gelassen werden können.This results in a conductivity-controlled drying, intended for KWL cleaning systems. A transfer to Per systems is of course possible, whereby the safety aspect (risk of explosion) and the related measures can be disregarded.
Eine zuverlässige Meßtechnik ist also entwickelt und an den zu lösenden Fall adaptiert worden und ermöglicht eine kontinuierliche Konzentrationsmessung während des gesamten Trocknungsprozesses. Die Einflußfaktoren auf den Trocknungsverlauf werden untersucht. Der Einfluß von Störfaktoren auf die Trocknung wird untersucht. Regelgrößen für den Trocknungsprozeß werden bestimmt. Durch die Maßnahme nach der Erfindung war es möglich, eine geeignete Software zur verfahrenstechnischen Umsetzung der Meßsignale in Steuersignale zu entwickeln. Durch die Maßnahme nach der Erfindung konnten Lösemittelkonzentrationen unter allen planmäßigen und unplanmäßigen Verfahrensbedingungen im Bereich von maximal 75 % UEG gewährleistet werden.Reliable measurement technology has therefore been developed and adapted to the case to be solved and enables continuous concentration measurement during the entire drying process. The factors influencing the course of drying are examined. The influence of disruptive factors on drying is examined. Control variables for the drying process are determined. The measure according to the invention made it possible to develop suitable software for converting the measurement signals into control signals in terms of process engineering. The measure according to the invention was able to guarantee solvent concentrations under all planned and unscheduled process conditions in the range of a maximum of 75% LEL.
Am Trommelausgang, im Bereich der höchsten Konzentration, ist also ein Meßgerät in modifizierter Ausführung (modifiziert z.B. durch eine beheizte Meßküvette) installiert, durch die bisher auftretende Kondensationserscheinungen sicher vermieden werden. Somit wird eine kontinuierliche Konzentrationsmessung vom Beginn bis zum Ende der Trocknung möglich. Die Meßwertsignale werden der maschineninternen Computersteuerung (SPS) zugeführt. Durch Self-Check-Funktionen erfolgt eine automatische Funktionskontrolle des IR-Meßgerätes. In der speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung (SPS) werden die Signale unter Zuhilfenahme der ermittelten verfahrenstechnischen Einflußfaktoren verarbeitet, und Steuersignale an das Maschinensystem gegeben (beispielsweise hinsichtlich Dampfzufuhr, Steuerung des Gebläsemotors, des Trommelantriebs und der Türverriegelung, der Lüftungsklappen, der Ventilsteuerung der Kälteanlagen etc.).A modified version of the measuring device (modified e.g. by a heated measuring cell) is installed at the drum outlet, in the area of the highest concentration, by means of which condensation phenomena that have previously occurred can be reliably avoided. This enables continuous concentration measurement from the beginning to the end of drying. The measured value signals are fed to the machine's internal computer control (PLC). Self-check functions automatically check the function of the IR measuring device. In the programmable logic controller (PLC), the signals are processed with the help of the determined process engineering influencing factors, and control signals are sent to the machine system (e.g. with regard to steam supply, control of the blower motor, drum drive and door lock, ventilation flaps, valve control of the refrigeration systems, etc.).
Im Gegensatz zur herkömmlichen Verfahrensweise übernimmt also die Computersteuerung die optimale Festegung der Trocken- und Cool-Down-Zeiten in Abhängigkeit vom Konzentrationsverlauf in der Trommel.In contrast to the conventional procedure, the computer control takes over the optimal setting of the dry and cool-down times depending on the concentration curve in the drum.
Folgende Effekte werden erreicht:
- Die Konzentrationskurve verläuft deutlich flacher, dafür aber über ein Plateau.
- Bei Erreichen des vorgegebenen Grenzwertes von 70 % UEG wird sofort die Wärmezufuhr gestoppt. Als Folge sinkt die Konzentration wieder.
- Die Wärmezufuhr wird so lange aufrechterhalten, wie ein deutliches Absinken der Konzentration bis zu einem vorgegebenen Schwellenwert feststellbar ist.
- Unter Nutzung der im Trockner noch vorhandenen latenten Wärme erfolgt in der Cool-Down-Phase ein weiteres Absenken der Konzentration. Nach Unterschreiten der 10 % Grenze der UEG wird der Cool-Down beendet und der Ausblasprozeß eingeleitet.
- Trotz deutlicher Verringerung der Konzentrationsspitze verringert sich die Gesamtdauer des Trocknungsprozesses bis zu 25 %.
- The concentration curve is significantly flatter, but on a plateau.
- When the specified limit of 70% LEL is reached, the heat supply is stopped immediately. As a result, the concentration drops again.
- The heat supply is maintained as long as a significant drop in the concentration up to a predetermined threshold value can be determined.
- Using the latent heat still present in the dryer, the concentration is reduced further in the cool-down phase. After falling below the 10% limit of the LEL, the cool-down is ended and the blowing process is initiated.
- Despite a significant reduction in the peak concentration, the overall duration of the drying process is reduced by up to 25%.
Es ergibt sich also:
- Ein Wegfall der für die Sicherheit notwendigen Inertisierung bzw. Vakuumierung, damit Kosteneinsparung und Erhöhung der Zuverlässigkeit in der Anwendung.
- Eine optimale Trockenzeit unter den unterschiedlichsten Bedingungen. Damit kann im Durchschnitt
die Trockenzeit um 20 % verringert werden. Die Kapazität der Textilreinigungsanlage erhöht sich dementsprechend um 20 %. - Eine Vermeidung von Wärmeverlusten durch Übertrocknung. Aus der Summe der Trockenzeitverringerung, der Wärmeeinsparung und des Wegfalls der überwiegend angewandten Inertisierung resultiert
eine Energieeinsparung von ca. 160 Wh/kg getrockneter Ware (ca. 40 %). - Untertrocknungen der Ware und damit verbundene Lösemittelemissionen an die Umwelt sowie gesundheitliche Risiken werden sicher vermieden. Dieser Vorteil ist nicht qualifizierbar, hat aber aus ökologischen und gesundheitlichen Gründen eine besondere Bedeutung.
- Eliminating the inerting or vacuuming required for safety, thus saving costs and increasing reliability in use.
- An optimal drying time under the most varied conditions. This means that the drying time can be reduced by 20% on average. The capacity of the textile cleaning system increases accordingly by 20%.
- Avoiding heat loss through overdrying. From the sum of the drying time reduction, the heat saving and the elimination of the predominantly used inerting results
an energy saving of approx. 160 Wh / kg of dried goods (approx. 40%). - Underdrying of the goods and the associated solvent emissions to the environment as well as health risks are safely avoided. This advantage cannot be qualified, but is of particular importance for ecological and health reasons.
In den europäischen Richtlinien sind 350 ppm als Restwert zulässig. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Grenze um 99 % unterschritten.In the European guidelines, 350 ppm is permitted as a residual value. According to the invention, this limit is undercut by 99%.
Von der Cool-Down-Phase zur Ausblasphase wird übergegangen, wenn die Differenz in der Konzentrationsabnahme über die Zeit, die nach dem Plateau erst flach und dann sehr flach wird, einen bestimmten ganz geringen Wert erreicht.The transition from the cool-down phase to the blow-out phase takes place when the difference in the decrease in concentration over time, which first becomes flat and then very flat after the plateau, reaches a certain, very low value.
Mit der Fuzzy-Logic wird eine ideale Trocknungskurve bestimmt, der Computer mit Fuzzy-Logic stellt dann einen Temperatur- und Konzentrationsvergleich an und steuert einen Konzentrationsverlauf über die Zeit, der Einflußgrößen wie überladene, unterladene Trommeln, schwerere Textilien, bei denen die Lösungsmittel schwieriger austreten, leichtere Textilien, bei denen dies leichter erfolgt, an. Nachdem die Steuerung einen bestimmten Konzentrationsverlauf festgestellt hat, wird bei diesem Konzentrationsverlauf ein bestimmter Leitwert als Funktion des Konzentrationsverlaufs und der Temperatur errechnet. Wichtig ist hier, daß, da es sich um unpolare Medien handelt, elektrische Messungen nicht möglich sind.With the fuzzy logic an ideal drying curve is determined, the computer with fuzzy logic then makes a temperature and concentration comparison and controls a concentration course over time, the influencing factors such as overloaded, underloaded drums, heavier textiles, in which the solvents are more difficult to escape , lighter textiles where this is easier to do. After the controller has determined a certain concentration curve, a specific conductance is calculated for this concentration curve as a function of the concentration curve and the temperature. It is important here that, since the media are non-polar, electrical measurements are not possible.
Beispielsweise Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sollen nun mit Bezug auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden, in denen
- Fig. 1 ein Funktionsschema der Trocknung ohne die erfindungsgemäße Leitwertsteuerung zeigt;
- Fig. 2 zeigt ein ähnliches Funktionsschema der Trocknung jedoch mit der erfindungsgemäßen Leitwertsteuerung.
- 1 shows a functional diagram of drying without the conductance control according to the invention;
- 2 shows a similar functional diagram of drying, however, with the conductance control according to the invention.
Nach Abschluß des Reinigungsprozesses, dem Abpumpen der freien Flotte aus der Trommel und dem anschließenden Zentrifugieren beginnt der eigentliche Trocknungsprozeß (Phase I). Je nach Warenart und -empfindlichkeit wird im Programm die zulässige Höchsttemperatur der Umluft beim Trocknen, die Trocknungszeit, die Temperatur der Cool-Down-Phase (Phase II) und die Zeit für das Ausblasen (Phase III) hinterlegt.After the cleaning process has been completed, the free liquor has been pumped out of the drum and the subsequent centrifugation, the actual drying process begins (phase I). Depending on the type and sensitivity of the goods, the maximum permissible temperature of the circulating air during drying, the drying time, the temperature of the cool-down phase (phase II) and the time for blowing out (phase III) are stored in the program.
Die im Vorwärmer 6 vorgewärmte und im Heizregister 7 auf die eingestellte Solltemperatur erhitzte Luft durchströmt die Außen- und Innentrommel 1, 2 und nimmt dabei Lösemittel aus der gereinigten Ware auf. Aus der Außentrommel 1 kommend, strömt die lösemittelhaltige Luft zunächst durch ein Flusensieb 3, in dem der Faserabrieb abgefiltert wird, von dort in den Lösemittelkondensator 5, in dem an gekühlten Flächen das Lösemittel und Wasserbestandteile auskondensiert werden. Das Lösemittel-/Wassergemisch läuft über einen Wasserabscheider in einen Lösemitteltank und steht damit wieder für die Reinigung zur Verfügung. Die gekühlte und entladene Luft nimmt im Kondensator der Kältemaschine, das ist der Vorwärmer 6, einen Teil der vorher entzogenen Wärme wieder auf, durchströmt anschließend das dampf- oder elektrisch beheizte Heizregister 7 und gelangt wiederum in die Trommel. Die Phase I wird nach Ablauf der vorgewählten Zeit automatisch beendet und die Phase II (Cool-Down) eingeleitet. Dabei kann nicht festgestellt werden, ob die Phase I möglicherweise zu lang oder zu kurz war - das Ergebnis zeigt sich erst nach dem Entladen der Ware.The air preheated in the preheater 6 and heated in the
Im Cool-Down-Prozeß wiederum wird die Ware in der Trommel allmählich abgekühlt und noch vorhandene Restlösemittelmengen werden beseitigt. Dazu wird die Wärmezufuhr aus der Kältemaschine (Vorwärmer) und die Dampfzufuhr zum Heizregister geschlossen. Diese Phase wird beendet, wenn die vorgewählte Temperatur (< 50°C) erreicht ist. Nach der Cool-Down-Phase (Phase III) erfolgt zeitgesteuert (ca. 1 Minute) das Ausblasen des Trockners. Dabei wird der geschlossene Luftkreislauf geöffnet, d.h. es wird Raumluft angesaugt und nach Durchströmen des Trockners ins Freie geleitet.In the cool-down process, in turn, the goods in the drum are gradually cooled and residual amounts of solvent that are still present are removed. For this purpose, the heat supply from the refrigeration machine (preheater) and the steam supply to the heating register are closed. This phase ends when the preselected temperature (<50 ° C) is reached. After the cool down phase (Phase III) the dryer is blown out in a time-controlled manner (approx. 1 minute). The closed air circuit is opened, which means that room air is drawn in and, after flowing through the dryer, it is led outside.
Im Stand der Technik erfolgt also
- eine Temperaturmessung vor Eintritt in die Trommel;
- weiterhin erfolgt eine Temperaturmessung nach Austritt aus der Trommel;
- schließich gibt es noch eine Luftstromüberwachung nach dem Gebläse;
- abhängig von den gemessenen Daten erfolgt eine Ansteuerung der Ausblas- und Frischluftklappe;
- es erfolgt eine Ansteuerung des Heizregisters;
- eine Ansteuerung der Kälteanlage wird vorgenommen und schließlich geht es noch um die Ansteuerung des Trommelantriebs.
- a temperature measurement before entering the drum;
- furthermore a temperature measurement takes place after exiting the drum;
- finally there is an air flow monitor after the fan;
- depending on the measured data, the discharge and fresh air flap are activated;
- the heating register is activated;
- The refrigeration system is activated and finally the drum drive is activated.
In Fig. 2 sind die wesentlichen Änderungen, die erfindungsgemäß zu dem überraschenden Ergebnis führen, eingezeichnet. Gleiche Teile werden mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet. In beiden Fällen ist im wesentlichen die Umluftführung in der Trocknungsphase angegeben. Sind bei der Maßnahme nach der Erfindung die aus der Zentralprozessoreinheit austretenden nach Signalverarbeitung in der SPS (speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung) gewonnenen Signale signifikant, so erfolgt die Ansteuerung der Maschinenkomponenten und die Prozeßgestaltung, insbesondere bei der Messung, völlig unterschiedlich.2 shows the essential changes that lead to the surprising result according to the invention. The same parts are designated with the same reference numerals. In both cases, the air circulation in the drying phase is essentially specified. If the signals obtained from the central processor unit after signal processing in the PLC (programmable logic controller) are significant in the measure according to the invention, the control of the machine components and the process design, in particular during the measurement, take place completely differently.
Es wird eine Temperaturmessung vor Eintritt in die Trommel vorgenommen. Es wird eine Temperaturmessung bei 19 unmittelbar nach Austritt aus der Trommel vorgenommen;
- es wird eine Konzentrationsmessung 20 unmittelbar nach Austritt aus der Trommel vorgenommen.
- Eine Self-Check-Funktion des Konzentrationsmeßgerätes ist eingeschaltet und es erfolgt eine Luftstromüberwachung nach dem Gebläse. Umbisher in Kauf zu nehmende Kondensationserscheinungen zu vermeiden, wird das Konzentrationsmeßgerät, insbesondere seine Meßküvette, beheizt. Das unmittelbar am Durchgang der Trommel 1/2 angeordnete Konzentrationsmeßgerät ist im Bereich der höchsten Konzentration zu installieren und ist als Infrarot-(IR)-Meßgerät modifiziert ausgebildet. Zum erstenmal ist
mit dem Konzentrationsmeßgerät 20 eine kontinuierliche Konzentrationsmessung vom Beginn bis zum Ende der Trocknung möglich. Seine Meßwertsignale werden der maschineninternen computersteuerung (SPS der CPU) zugeführt. Durch Self-Check-Funktionen erfolgt eine automatische Funktionskontrolle des IR-Meßgerätes, und damit eine sichere Steuerung und evtl. Abschaltung unter sämtlichen denkbaren Verfahrenszuständen. In der SPS erfolgt die Signalverarbeitung der aufgenommenen Meßwertsignale (fünf Eingangssignale sind gezeichnet). Unter Zuhilfenahme der ermittelten verfahrenstechnischen Einflußfaktoren werden die Steuersignale an das Maschinensystem gegeben.
- a
concentration measurement 20 is carried out immediately after exiting the drum. - A self-check function of the concentration measuring device is switched on and there is an air flow monitoring after the blower. In order to avoid condensation that has to be accepted, this will be Concentration meter, especially its measuring cell, heated. The concentration measuring device arranged directly at the passage of the drum 1/2 is to be installed in the area of the highest concentration and is designed as a modified infrared (IR) measuring device. For the first time, the
concentration measuring device 20 enables continuous concentration measurement from the beginning to the end of drying. Its measured value signals are fed to the machine's internal computer control (PLC of the CPU). Self-check functions automatically check the function of the IR measuring device, thereby ensuring safe control and possible shutdown under all conceivable process conditions. The signal processing of the recorded measured value signals takes place in the PLC (five input signals are shown). The control signals are sent to the machine system with the help of the determined process engineering influencing factors.
Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik gemäß Fig. 1 nimmt die Computersteuerung (CPU/SPS) die optimale Festlegung der Trocken- und Cool-Down-Zeiten in Abhängigkeit vom Konzentrationsverlauf in der Trommel 1/2, der über 20 in Zuordnung zu 19 (Temperaturmessung) ermittelt wird, vor.In contrast to the prior art according to FIG. 1, the computer control (CPU / PLC) takes the optimal definition of the drying and cool-down times as a function of the concentration profile in the drum 1/2, which over 20 in association with 19 (temperature measurement ) is determined before.
Beim Stand der Technik war es so, daß aufgrund von empirisch gefundenen Werten und abhängig vom Können des jeweiligen Meisters die Trocknung eingestellt und gefahren wurde. Wegen der Gefahr der Überhitzung der Textilien wurde dabei oft in Kauf genommen, daß sich auch Restlösemittelmengen in den Geweben befanden.In the prior art it was the case that the drying was set and driven based on empirically found values and depending on the skill of the respective master. Because of the risk of overheating of the textiles, it was often accepted that there was also residual solvent in the fabrics.
Claims (21)
abhängig von der Zuordnung von Konzentration als Leitwert und Temperatur längs einer Kennlinie die Konzentration der Warmluftzufuhr gesteuert wird.Process for dry cleaning textiles, which are washed with solvent and dried with warm air, the solvent being recovered after condensation, characterized in that the solvent concentration at the highest concentration and temperature is measured continuously over the entire drying process and the values in a computer are processed and
depending on the assignment of concentration as a conductance and temperature along a characteristic curve, the concentration of the warm air supply is controlled.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95117536A EP0767267B1 (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1995-11-07 | Method and device for dry cleaning textiles |
DE29521540U DE29521540U1 (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1995-11-07 | Device for dry cleaning textiles |
JP8253493A JPH09173690A (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1996-09-25 | Method and device for dry-cleaning textile product |
US08/726,383 US5689848A (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1996-10-04 | Method and apparatus for dry cleaning textiles |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95115725 | 1995-10-05 | ||
EP95115725 | 1995-11-05 | ||
EP95117536A EP0767267B1 (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1995-11-07 | Method and device for dry cleaning textiles |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0767267A1 true EP0767267A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
EP0767267B1 EP0767267B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
Family
ID=26138847
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95117536A Expired - Lifetime EP0767267B1 (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1995-11-07 | Method and device for dry cleaning textiles |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5689848A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0767267B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09173690A (en) |
DE (1) | DE29521540U1 (en) |
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WO2001094686A2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2001-12-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Systems for controlling a drying cycle in a drying apparatus |
WO2003008698A1 (en) * | 2001-07-19 | 2003-01-30 | Satec Gmbh | Method and device for chemically cleaning textiles in an antibacterial manner |
AT410291B (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 2003-03-25 | Walter Sticht | MOVING UNIT |
US6673764B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2004-01-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Visual properties for a wash process using a lipophilic fluid based composition containing a colorant |
US6828292B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2004-12-07 | Procter & Gamble Company | Domestic fabric article refreshment in integrated cleaning and treatment processes |
US6840963B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2005-01-11 | Procter & Gamble | Home laundry method |
US6939837B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2005-09-06 | Procter & Gamble Company | Non-immersive method for treating or cleaning fabrics using a siloxane lipophilic fluid |
US7018423B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2006-03-28 | Procter & Gamble Company | Method for the use of aqueous vapor and lipophilic fluid during fabric cleaning |
EP2025803A3 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2009-10-07 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Method for detecting volatile, flammable substances in a dryer and dryer for this purpose |
CN104294560A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-21 | 海尔集团技术研发中心 | Automatic drying control method of dry cleaning machine and dry cleaning machine |
CN104342890A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-02-11 | 海尔集团技术研发中心 | Domestic dry cleaning machine and control method thereof |
US20220356635A1 (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Ambient air dehumidification system for a condenser or heat pump laundry appliance |
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IT1300040B1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-04-04 | Ama Universal Spa | CLOSED CIRCUIT PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR WASHING AND/OR DRYING PRODUCTS. |
US6670317B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2003-12-30 | Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric care compositions and systems for delivering clean, fresh scent in a lipophilic fluid treatment process |
IT1321228B1 (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2003-12-31 | Donini Internat S P A | PROCEDURE FOR THE SAFETY CHECK OF THE DRYING CYCLE IN HYDROCARBON DRY CLEANING MACHINES AND RELATED EQUIPMENT |
ITAN20020005A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-25 | Gian Vieri Nardini | CONTROL OF DRYING IN DRY CLEANING MACHINES BY MEASURING THE CONDENSATE |
US20040117920A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2004-06-24 | General Electric Company | Detector for monitoring contaminants in solvent used for dry cleaning articles |
US7365043B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2008-04-29 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Lipophilic fluid cleaning compositions capable of delivering scent |
US7739891B2 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2010-06-22 | Whirlpool Corporation | Fabric laundering apparatus adapted for using a select rinse fluid |
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US8122547B2 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2012-02-28 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Washing machine and method for controlling the same |
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DE102005013053A1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-11-30 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Condensation Dryer |
DE102007038369A1 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2009-02-19 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Volatile, inflammable substances e.g. alcohol, detecting method for use in condensation laundry dryer of washing machine, involves receiving infrared-radiation by receiving element in wave number scale between specific range |
KR101414625B1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2014-07-03 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Dryer |
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US7704937B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2010-04-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Composition comprising an organosilicone/diol lipophilic fluid for treating or cleaning fabrics |
WO2003008698A1 (en) * | 2001-07-19 | 2003-01-30 | Satec Gmbh | Method and device for chemically cleaning textiles in an antibacterial manner |
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CN104294560B (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2018-02-16 | 青岛海尔滚筒洗衣机有限公司 | The drying autocontrol method and dry cleaner of dry cleaner |
CN104342890A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-02-11 | 海尔集团技术研发中心 | Domestic dry cleaning machine and control method thereof |
CN104342890B (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2018-09-04 | 青岛海尔滚筒洗衣机有限公司 | Domestic dry washing machine and its control method |
US20220356635A1 (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Ambient air dehumidification system for a condenser or heat pump laundry appliance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH09173690A (en) | 1997-07-08 |
EP0767267B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
US5689848A (en) | 1997-11-25 |
DE29521540U1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
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